diff --git a/src/russian/AdjectiveRus.gf b/src/russian/AdjectiveRus.gf
index 5d24bf00..94485b52 100644
--- a/src/russian/AdjectiveRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/AdjectiveRus.gf
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ lin
 
   -- : A -> NP -> AP ;  -- warmer than I - теплее меня
   ComparA a np = {
-    s = \\gn,anim,cas => a.comp ++ (applyPrep {s="" ; c=Gen ; neggen=True ; hasPrep=False} np) ; -- True?
-    short = \\ag=>a.comp ++ (applyPrep {s="" ; c=Gen ; neggen=True ; hasPrep=False} np) ;
+    s = \\gn,anim,cas => a.comp ++ (applyPrep {s="" ; c=Gen ; hasPrep=False} np) ; -- True?
+    short = \\gn=>a.comp ++ (applyPrep {s="" ; c=Gen ; hasPrep=False} np) ;
     isPost = False ;
     preferShort = PrefShort
     } ;
@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@ lin
     isPost = False ;
     preferShort = a2.preferShort
     } ;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/src/russian/AdverbRus.gf b/src/russian/AdverbRus.gf
index 9f2ccae1..e99c83ab 100644
--- a/src/russian/AdverbRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/AdverbRus.gf
@@ -5,18 +5,18 @@ flags coding=utf8 ;
 
 lin
   -- : A -> Adv ;                 -- warmly - тепло
-  PositAdvAdj a = {s = a.sn} ;    -- only qual
+  PositAdvAdj a = {s = a.short ! (GSg Neut)} ;    -- only qual
 
   -- : A -> AdA ;                 -- extremely - исключительно
-  PositAdAAdj a = {s = a.sn} ;    -- only qual
+  PositAdAAdj a = {s = a.short ! (GSg Neut)} ;    -- only qual
 
   -- : CAdv -> A -> NP -> Adv ;   -- more warmly than John - более тепло чем Иван
   ComparAdvAdj cadv a np = {
-    s = cadv.s ++ a.sn ++ embedInCommas (cadv.p ++ np.s ! Nom)
+    s = cadv.s ++ a.short ! (GSg Neut) ++ embedInCommas (cadv.p ++ np.s ! Nom)
     } ;
   -- : CAdv -> A -> S -> Adv ;   -- more warmly than he runs - более тепло чем он бежал
   ComparAdvAdjS cadv a s = {
-    s = cadv.s ++ a.sn ++ cadv.p ++ s.s ! Ind
+    s = cadv.s ++ a.short ! (GSg Neut) ++ cadv.p ++ s.s ! Ind
     } ;
 
   -- : Prep -> NP -> Adv ;        -- in the house - в доме
diff --git a/src/russian/CatRus.gf b/src/russian/CatRus.gf
index 781425b2..30483b2f 100644
--- a/src/russian/CatRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/CatRus.gf
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ lincat
   Numeral = NumeralForms ;
   Num = NumDet ;
   Card = NumDet ;
+  ACard = {s : Str} ;
   Digits = {s : Str ; size: NumSize; tail: DTail} ;
   Decimal = {s : Str ; size: NumSize; hasDot : Bool} ;
 
@@ -124,8 +125,8 @@ linref
   Pron = \s -> s.nom ;
   N2 = \s -> s.snom ++ s.c2.s ;
   N3 = \s -> s.snom ++ s.c2.s ++ s.c3.s ;
-  A = \s -> case s.preferShort of {PrefShort => s.sm ; _ => s.msnom} ;
-  A2 = \s -> case s.preferShort of {PrefShort => s.sm ; _ => s.msnom} ++ s.c.s ;  -- ?
+  A = \s -> case s.preferShort of {PrefShort => s.short ! (GSg Masc) ; _ => s.msnom} ;
+  A2 = \s -> case s.preferShort of {PrefShort => s.short ! (GSg Masc) ; _ => s.msnom} ++ s.c.s ;  -- ?
   V = \s -> verbInf s ;
   V2 = \s -> (verbInf s) ++ s.c.s ;
   V2V = \s -> (verbInf s) ++ s.c.s ;
@@ -161,9 +162,18 @@ lindef
       prpl1,prpl2,prpl3,
       psgm,psgs,
       isg2,isg2refl,ipl1,
-      ppps,pppss,prtr,ptr=s;
+      prtr,ptr=s;
       asp=Imperfective ;
       fut=NullFuture ;
+      prap={
+        msnom,fsnom,nsnom,pnom,msgen,fsgen,pgen,msdat,fsacc,
+        msins,fsins,pins,msprep=s;
+        };
+      pppa={
+        msnom,fsnom,nsnom,pnom,msgen,fsgen,pgen,msdat,fsacc,
+        msins,fsins,pins,msprep=s;
+        short=\\_=>s;
+        };
       refltran = Trans
     } ;
     dep = "" ;
diff --git a/src/russian/ConjunctionRus.gf b/src/russian/ConjunctionRus.gf
index 096a20ed..0958ba02 100644
--- a/src/russian/ConjunctionRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/ConjunctionRus.gf
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ concrete ConjunctionRus of Conjunction =
     [IAdv] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
     [AdV] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
     [AP] = {s1,s2 : AdjTable ;
-      short1,short2 : AgrTable ;
+      short1,short2 : GenNum => Str ;
       isPost : Bool;
       preferShort : ShortFormPreference
       } ;
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ concrete ConjunctionRus of Conjunction =
 
     -- ConsAP : AP -> ListAP -> ListAP ;   -- red, white, blue
     ConsAP x xs = consrTable3 GenNum Animacy Case comma x xs ** {
-      short1 = \\ag=> x.short ! ag ++ comma ++ xs.short1 ! ag ;
+      short1 = \\gn=> x.short ! gn ++ comma ++ xs.short1 ! gn ;
       short2 = xs.short2 ;
       isPost = orB x.isPost xs.isPost ;
       preferShort = selectAPForm x.preferShort xs.preferShort
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ concrete ConjunctionRus of Conjunction =
 
     -- : DAP -> ListDAP -> ListDAP ;   --
     ConsDAP x xs = consrTable3 Gender Animacy Case comma x xs ** {
-      g = xs.g ;  --?
       c = xs.c ;  -- ?
       size = xs.size  -- different genders -> plural?
       } ;
@@ -81,7 +80,6 @@ concrete ConjunctionRus of Conjunction =
     ConjDet conj xs = {
       s=\\g,anim,cas => conj.s1 ++ xs.s1 ! g ! anim ! cas ++ conj.s2 ++ xs.s2 ! g ! anim ! cas ;
       type=NormalDet ; -- hopefully ok to drop empty cases
-      g=xs.g ;
       c=xs.c ;
       size=xs.size
       } ;
@@ -93,10 +91,10 @@ concrete ConjunctionRus of Conjunction =
     ConsS = consrTable Mood comma ;
 
     -- : RS -> RS -> ListRS ;       -- who walks, whom I know
-    BaseRS x y = twoTable3 GenNum Animacy Case x y ** {c = y.c} ;
+    BaseRS x y = twoTable3 GenNum Animacy Case x y ;
 
     -- : RS -> ListRS -> ListRS ;   -- who walks, whom I know, who is here
-    ConsRS xs x = consrTable3 GenNum Animacy Case comma xs x ** {c = xs.c} ;
+    ConsRS xs x = consrTable3 GenNum Animacy Case comma xs x ;
 
     -- : Conj -> ListAdv -> Adv ;   -- here or there
     ConjAdv = conjunctDistrSS ;
@@ -118,9 +116,7 @@ concrete ConjunctionRus of Conjunction =
     ConjS conj ss = conjunctDistrTable Mood conj ss ;
 
     -- : Conj -> ListRS -> RS ;     -- who walks and whose mother runs
-    ConjRS conj ss = conjunctDistrTable3 GenNum Animacy Case conj ss ** {
-      c = ss.c
-      } ;
+    ConjRS conj ss = conjunctDistrTable3 GenNum Animacy Case conj ss ;
 
     -- : CN -> CN -> ListCN ;      -- man, woman
     BaseCN x y = {
@@ -165,8 +161,7 @@ concrete ConjunctionRus of Conjunction =
       --prep1 = \\c => x.prep ! c ++ comma ++ xs.prep1 ! c ;
       --prep2 = xs.prep2 ;
       a = conjAgr x.a xs.a ;
-      pron = xs.pron ;
-      anim = conjAnim x.anim xs.anim
+      pron = xs.pron
     } ;
 
     -- : Conj -> ListNP -> NP ;     -- she or we
@@ -176,8 +171,7 @@ concrete ConjunctionRus of Conjunction =
             Sg => xs.a ;
             Pl => case xs.a of {Ag gn p => Ag GPl p}
           } ;
-      pron = xs.pron ;
-      anim = xs.anim
+      pron = xs.pron
     } ;
 
   oper
diff --git a/src/russian/ConstructionRus.gf b/src/russian/ConstructionRus.gf
index bf42f960..7ac56088 100644
--- a/src/russian/ConstructionRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/ConstructionRus.gf
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ lin
         adv=[];
         verb=copulaEll ;   -- ???
         dep=[] ;
-        compl=\\_ => (PositA married).short ! np1.a ++ applyPrep cc np2 ;
+        compl=\\_ => (PositA married).short ! (agrGenNum np1.a) ++ applyPrep cc np2 ;
         a=np1.a ; ---
         } ;
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ lin
     subj=[] ;
     adv=[] ;
     verb=copulaEll ;
-    dep=ap.short ! Ag (GSg Neut) P3 ;
+    dep=ap.short ! (GSg Neut) ;
     compl=\\p=>[] ;
     a=Ag (GSg Neut) P3
     } ;
diff --git a/src/russian/DictRus.gf b/src/russian/DictRus.gf
index 4d91cf08..5c154aa0 100644
--- a/src/russian/DictRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/DictRus.gf
@@ -4156,4 +4156,4 @@ lin
 
   vzjvshij_A = mkA vzjatq_V Act Past ; --# notpresent
   vzjatyj_A = mkA vzjatq_V Pass Past ; --# notpresent
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/src/russian/DocumentationRusFunctor.gf b/src/russian/DocumentationRusFunctor.gf
index e63f12c0..f58af107 100644
--- a/src/russian/DocumentationRusFunctor.gf
+++ b/src/russian/DocumentationRusFunctor.gf
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ oper
     let pres : Agr=>Str = \\a => verbPresAgree v a in
     let past : Agr=>Str = \\a => verbPastAgree v a "" in
     let imp : Agr=>Str = \\a => ((verbImperativeAgree v a).p1 ++ (verbImperativeAgree v a).p2) in
-    let ppp : GenNum=>Str = \\gn => shortPastPassPart v gn in
+    let ppp : GenNum=>Str = (pastPassPart v).short in
     case v.asp of {Imperfective => "несовершенного вида" ; Perfective => "совершенного вида"} ++ "," ++
     case v.refltran of {
       Refl => "возвратный" ;
diff --git a/src/russian/ExtendRus.gf b/src/russian/ExtendRus.gf
index 7a3dc59e..60d70c87 100644
--- a/src/russian/ExtendRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/ExtendRus.gf
@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ concrete ExtendRus of Extend =
     -- MkVPS2, ConjVPS2, ComplVPS2, MkVPI2, ConjVPI2, ComplVPI2,
     -- Base_nr_RNP, Base_rn_RNP, Base_rr_RNP, ByVP, CompBareCN,
     -- CompQS, CompS, CompVP, ComplBareVS, ComplGenVV, ComplSlashPartLast, ComplVPSVV, CompoundAP,
-    CompoundN,
+    CompoundN, CompoundAP,
 
-    --ConjRNP, Cons_nr_RNP, Cons_rr_RNP,
+    ConjImp, BaseImp, ConsImp,
+    RNP, RNPList, ConjRNP, Base_rr_RNP, Base_nr_RNP, Base_rn_RNP, Cons_rr_RNP, Cons_nr_RNP,
     DetNPMasc,
     DetNPFem,
     UseDAP,
@@ -36,20 +37,21 @@ concrete ExtendRus of Extend =
     -- FocusAP, FocusAdV, FocusAdv,
     FocusObj,
     -- GenIP, GenModIP, GenModNP, GenNP, GenRP,
-    -- GerundAdv, GerundCN, GerundNP, IAdvAdv, ICompAP,
+    GerundAdv, GerundCN, GerundNP, ByVP,
     InOrderToVP,
     -- NominalizeVPSlashNP,
     PassAgentVPSlash,
     PassVPSlash,
-    -- ProgrVPSlash,
+    ProgrVPSlash,
     PastPartAP,
     PastPartAgentAP,
     PositAdVAdj,
     PredVPS,
     -- PredVPSVV, PredetRNP, PrepCN,
-    -- EmbedSSlash, PresPartAP,
+    PresPartAP,
     PurposeVP,
-    -- ReflPoss, ReflPron, ReflRNP, SlashBareV2S, SlashV2V, StrandQuestSlash, StrandRelSlash,
+    ReflPoss, ReflPron, ReflRNP, PredetRNP, AdvRNP, AdvRVP, AdvRAP,
+    ReflA2RNP, PossPronRNP,
     PredIAdvVP,
     -- UncontractedNeg, UttAccIP, UttAccNP,
     FrontComplDirectVS,
@@ -64,8 +66,9 @@ lincat
   VPS     = {s : Mood => Agr => Str} ;
   [VPS]  = {s1,s2 : Mood => Agr => Str} ;
   [Comp] = {s1,s2 : AgrTable ; cop : CopulaType} ;
-  RNP     = {s : Agr => Str} ;
-  RNPList = {s1,s2 : Agr => Str} ;
+  [Imp] = {s1,s2 : Polarity => GenNum => Str} ;
+  RNP     = {s : Case => Str} ;
+  RNPList = {s1,s2 : Case => Str} ;
 
 lin
   -- : NP -> NP -> NP ;        -- Mr Macron, the president of France,
@@ -79,18 +82,18 @@ lin
   PredIAdvVP iadv vp = QuestIAdv iadv (GenericCl vp) ; -- DEFAULT how does one walk
 
   -- : VP -> Adv ;         -- (in order) to publish the document
-  InOrderToVP vp = lin Adv ({
+  InOrderToVP vp = {
     s = "чтобы"
       ++ vp.adv ! Ag (GSg Neut) P3
       ++ (verbInf vp.verb)
       ++ vp.dep
       ++ vp.compl ! Pos ! Ag (GSg Neut) P3
-    }) ;
+    } ;
 
   -- : VP -> Adv ;  -- to become happy
-  PurposeVP vp = lin Adv ({
+  PurposeVP vp = {
     s = vp.adv ! Ag (GSg Neut) P3 ++ (verbInf vp.verb) ++ vp.dep ++ vp.compl ! Pos ! Ag (GSg Neut) P3
-    }) ;
+    } ;
 
   -- : NP -> Cl ;  -- there exists a number / there exist numbers
   ExistsNP np = {
@@ -148,21 +151,36 @@ lin
                                             }
                         } ;
 
+  -- : VP -> AP ; -- (the man) looking at Mary
+  PresPartAP vp = {
+      s=\\gn,anim,cas =>
+        vp.adv ! (genNumAgrP3 gn)
+        ++ (presActPart vp.verb).s ! gn ! anim ! cas
+        ++ vp.dep
+        ++ vp.compl ! Pos ! (genNumAgrP3 gn) ;
+      short=\\gn =>
+        vp.adv ! (genNumAgrP3 gn)
+        ++ (presActPart vp.verb).s ! gn ! Animate ! Nom
+        ++ vp.dep
+        ++ vp.compl ! Pos ! (genNumAgrP3 gn) ;
+      isPost=False ;
+      preferShort=PreferFull
+      } ;
+
   -- VPSlash -> AP ; -- lost (opportunity) ; (opportunity) lost in space
   PastPartAP vps = {
     s=\\gn,anim,cas =>
       vps.adv ! (genNumAgrP3 gn)
-      ++ shortPastPassPart vps.verb gn
+      ++ (pastPassPart vps.verb).s ! gn ! anim ! cas
       ++ vps.dep
       ++ vps.compl1 ! Pos ! (genNumAgrP3 gn)
       ++ vps.compl2 ! Pos ! (genNumAgrP3 gn);
-    short=\\a =>
-      vps.adv ! a
-      ++ shortPastPassPart vps.verb (agrGenNum a)
+    short=\\gn =>
+      vps.adv ! (genNumAgrP3 gn)
+      ++ (pastPassPart vps.verb).short ! gn
       ++ vps.dep
-      ++ vps.compl1 ! Pos ! a
-      ++ vps.compl2 ! Pos ! a
-      ++ vps.c.s ; --
+      ++ vps.compl1 ! Pos ! (genNumAgrP3 gn)
+      ++ vps.compl2 ! Pos ! (genNumAgrP3 gn) ;
     isPost = case vps.isSimple of {
                True  => False ;
                False => True
@@ -171,21 +189,21 @@ lin
     } ;
 
   -- : VPSlash -> NP -> AP ;   -- (opportunity) lost by the company
-  PastPartAgentAP vps np ={
+  PastPartAgentAP vps np = {
     s=\\gn,anim,cas =>
       vps.adv ! (genNumAgrP3 gn)
-      ++ shortPastPassPart vps.verb gn
+      ++ (pastPassPart vps.verb).s ! gn ! anim ! cas
       ++ vps.dep
-      ++ applyPolPrep Pos vps.c np
+      ++ np.s ! Ins
       ++ vps.compl1 ! Pos ! (genNumAgrP3 gn)
       ++ vps.compl2 ! Pos ! (genNumAgrP3 gn);
-    short=\\a =>
-      vps.adv ! a
-      ++ shortPastPassPart vps.verb (agrGenNum a)
+    short=\\gn =>
+      vps.adv ! (genNumAgrP3 gn)
+      ++ (pastPassPart vps.verb).short ! gn
       ++ vps.dep
-      ++ applyPolPrep Pos vps.c np
-      ++ vps.compl1 ! Pos ! a
-      ++ vps.compl2 ! Pos ! a ;
+      ++ np.s ! Ins
+      ++ vps.compl1 ! Pos ! (genNumAgrP3 gn)
+      ++ vps.compl2 ! Pos ! (genNumAgrP3 gn) ;
     isPost = False ;
     preferShort=PreferFull
     } ;
@@ -194,7 +212,7 @@ lin
   PassVPSlash vps = case vps.verb.asp of {
   Perfective => vps ** {
     verb=copulaEll ;
-    compl=\\p,a => shortPastPassPart vps.verb (agrGenNum a) ++ vps.compl1 ! p ! a ++ vps.compl2 ! p ! a ++ vps.c.s
+    compl=\\p,a => (pastPassPart vps.verb).short ! (agrGenNum a) ++ vps.compl1 ! p ! a ++ vps.compl2 ! p ! a ++ vps.c.s
     } ;
   Imperfective => vps ** {
     verb=(passivate vps.verb);
@@ -202,14 +220,11 @@ lin
   }
      };
 
-  -- PresPartAP    : VP -> AP ;   -- (the man) looking at Mary
-  -- use PlP2 + "ый"
-
   -- : VPSlash -> VP
   PassAgentVPSlash vps np = case vps.verb.asp of {
       Perfective => vps ** {
         verb=copulaEll ;
-        compl=\\p,a => shortPastPassPart vps.verb (agrGenNum a) ++ vps.c.s ++ vps.compl1 ! p ! a ++ vps.compl2 ! p ! a ++ np.s ! Ins
+        compl=\\p,a => (pastPassPart vps.verb).short ! (agrGenNum a) ++ vps.c.s ++ vps.compl1 ! p ! a ++ vps.compl2 ! p ! a ++ np.s ! Ins
         } ;
       Imperfective => vps ** {
         verb=(passivate vps.verb);
@@ -217,6 +232,109 @@ lin
       }
      };
 
+  -- Russian has no productive nominal gerund. The infinitive is the
+  -- neutral fallback used by the multilingual Extend API.
+  GerundCN vp = nounFormsNoun (immutableNounForms
+    (vp.adv ! Ag (GSg Neut) P3 ++ verbInf vp.verb ++ vp.dep
+      ++ vp.compl ! Pos ! Ag (GSg Neut) P3)
+    Neut Inanimate) ;
+
+  GerundNP vp = {
+    s=\\_ => vp.adv ! Ag (GSg Neut) P3 ++ verbInf vp.verb ++ vp.dep
+      ++ vp.compl ! Pos ! Ag (GSg Neut) P3 ;
+    pron=False ;
+    a=Ag (GSg Neut) P3
+    } ;
+
+  GerundAdv vp = {
+    s=vp.adv ! Ag (GSg Neut) P3
+      ++ vp.verb.prtr ++ verbRefl vp.verb ++ vp.dep
+      ++ vp.compl ! Pos ! Ag (GSg Neut) P3
+    } ;
+
+  ByVP vp = GerundAdv vp ;
+
+  CompoundAP n a =
+    let ap = adjFormsAdjective a in {
+      s=\\gn,anim,cas => n.snom ++ "-" ++ ap.s ! gn ! anim ! cas ;
+      short=\\agr => n.snom ++ "-" ++ ap.short ! agr ;
+      isPost=False ;
+      preferShort=a.preferShort
+    } ;
+
+  ProgrVPSlash vps = vps ;
+
+  ReflRNP vps rnp = {
+    verb=vps.verb ;
+    adv=vps.adv ;
+    dep=vps.dep ;
+    compl=\\p,a => vps.compl1 ! p ! a ++ vps.c.s
+      ++ rnp.s ! vps.c.c ++ vps.compl2 ! p ! a ;
+    p=vps.p
+    } ;
+
+  ReflPron = sebya ;
+
+  ReflPoss num cn = {
+    s=\\cas =>
+      (mkPronTable (reflexivePron (Ag (GSg Masc) P3)).poss)
+        ! gennum cn.g (numSizeNumber num.size)
+        ! cn.anim ! numSizeCase cas num.size
+      ++ num.s ! cn.g ! cn.anim ! cas
+      ++ cn.s ! animNumSizeNum cn.anim cas num.size
+                ! numSizeCase cas num.size
+    } ;
+
+  PredetRNP pred rnp = {
+    s=\\cas => pred.s ! GSg Masc ! Inanimate ! cas ++ rnp.s ! cas
+    } ;
+
+  AdvRNP np prep rnp = {
+    s=\\cas => np.s ! cas ++ prep.s ++ rnp.s ! prep.c
+    } ;
+
+  AdvRVP vp prep rnp = vp ** {
+    compl=\\p,a => vp.compl ! p ! a ++ prep.s ++ rnp.s ! prep.c
+    } ;
+
+  AdvRAP ap prep rnp = ap ** {
+    s=\\gn,anim,cas => ap.s ! gn ! anim ! cas
+      ++ prep.s ++ rnp.s ! prep.c ;
+    short=\\a => ap.short ! a ++ prep.s ++ rnp.s ! prep.c ;
+    isPost=True
+    } ;
+
+  ReflA2RNP a2 rnp = {
+    s=\\gn,anim,cas =>
+      (adjFormsAdjective a2).s ! gn ! anim ! cas
+      ++ a2.c.s ++ rnp.s ! a2.c.c ;
+    short=\\a =>
+      (adjFormsAdjective a2).short ! a
+      ++ a2.c.s ++ rnp.s ! a2.c.c ;
+    isPost=False ;
+    preferShort=a2.preferShort
+    } ;
+
+  PossPronRNP pron num cn rnp =
+    let np = DetCN (DetQuant (PossPron pron) num) cn in {
+      s=\\cas => np.s ! cas ++ rnp.s ! Gen ;
+      pron=False ;
+      a=np.a
+      } ;
+
+  ConjRNP conj xs = {
+    s=\\cas => conj.s1 ++ xs.s1 ! cas ++ conj.s2 ++ xs.s2 ! cas
+    } ;
+  Base_rr_RNP x y = {s1=x.s ; s2=y.s} ;
+  Base_nr_RNP x y = {s1=x.s ; s2=y.s} ;
+  Base_rn_RNP x y = {s1=x.s ; s2=y.s} ;
+  Cons_rr_RNP x xs = {
+    s1=\\c => x.s ! c ++ comma ++ xs.s1 ! c ; s2=xs.s2
+    } ;
+  Cons_nr_RNP x xs = {
+    s1=\\c => x.s ! c ++ comma ++ xs.s1 ! c ; s2=xs.s2
+    } ;
+
 
   -- : Pron -> Pron ;  -- unstressed subject pronoun becomes empty: "am tired"
   ProDrop pron = {
@@ -230,7 +348,7 @@ lin
   UttAdV adv = {s=adv.s} ;
 
   -- : A -> AdV ;                    -- (that she) positively (sleeps)
-  PositAdVAdj a = ss a.sn ** {p=Pos} ;
+  PositAdVAdj a = {s=a.short ! (GSg Neut); p=Pos} ;
 
   -- : NP -> SSlash -> Utt ; -- her I love
   FocusObj np ss = {
@@ -345,6 +463,15 @@ lin
     cop = xs.cop
     } ;
 
+  BaseImp x y = {s1=x.s ; s2=y.s} ;
+  ConsImp x xs = {
+    s1=\\p,gn => x.s ! p ! gn ++ comma ++ xs.s1 ! p ! gn ;
+    s2=xs.s2
+    } ;
+  ConjImp conj xs = {
+    s=\\p,gn => conj.s1 ++ xs.s1 ! p ! gn ++ conj.s2 ++ xs.s2 ! p ! gn
+    } ;
+
   -- : NP -> VPS -> S ;
   PredVPS np vps = {
     s = \\m => np.s ! Nom ++ vps.s ! m ! np.a
diff --git a/src/russian/ExtraRus.gf b/src/russian/ExtraRus.gf
index 00fb68b3..1c44a8a1 100644
--- a/src/russian/ExtraRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/ExtraRus.gf
@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ concrete ExtraRus of ExtraRusAbs = CatRus **
   open ResRus, MorphoRus, (P=ParadigmsRus), (X = ConstructX), Prelude, Coordination, NounRus in {
   flags optimize=all ; coding=utf8 ;
 lin
-  nom_Prep = lin Prep {s="" ; c=Nom ; neggen=True ; hasPrep=False} ;
-  obj_neg_Prep = lin Prep {s="" ; c=Gen ; neggen=False ; hasPrep=False} ;
-  obj_no_Prep = lin Prep {s="" ; c=Acc ; neggen=True ; hasPrep=False} ;
-  to_dat_Prep = lin Prep {s="" ; c=Dat ; neggen=False ; hasPrep=False} ;
-  ins_Prep = lin Prep {s="" ; c=Ins ; neggen=False ; hasPrep=False} ;
+  nom_Prep = {s="" ; c=Nom ; hasPrep=False} ;
+  obj_neg_Prep = {s="" ; c=Gen ; hasPrep=False} ;
+  obj_no_Prep = {s="" ; c=Acc ; hasPrep=False} ;
+  to_dat_Prep = {s="" ; c=Dat ; hasPrep=False} ;
+  ins_Prep = {s="" ; c=Ins ; hasPrep=False} ;
   to2_Prep = P.mkPrep v_prep_mod Acc ;
-  u_Prep = lin Prep {s="у" ; c=Gen ; neggen=False ; hasPrep=True} ;
+  u_Prep = {s="у" ; c=Gen ; hasPrep=True} ;
   on_to_Prep = P.mkPrep "до" Gen ;
   on2_Prep = P.on2_Prep ;
   along_Prep = P.mkPrep "по" Loc ;
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ lin
   there_is_nowhere_Adv = P.mkAdv "негде" ;
 
   -- indefinite
-  nechto_NP = lin NP nechto ;  -- "something unknown". Use Nom, Acc only
-  anybody_NP = lin NP anybody ;  -- "somenoby unknown". Use Nom only
+  nechto_NP = nechto ;  -- "something unknown". Use Nom, Acc only
+  anybody_NP = anybody ;  -- "somenoby unknown". Use Nom only
 
   somehow_Adv = P.mkAdv "как-нибудь";
   somehow2_Adv = P.mkAdv "как-то";
@@ -194,8 +194,8 @@ oper
     isg2="";
     isg2refl="" ;
     ipl1="";
-    ppps="явленн";  --*
-    pppss="явлен";  --*
+    prap=mkPresPartForms "существующ";
+    pppa=mkPastPassPartForms "явленн" "явлен";
     prtr="существуя";  --*
     ptr="существовав";  --*
     asp=Imperfective;
@@ -216,8 +216,8 @@ oper
     isg2="";
     isg2refl="" ;
     ipl1="";
-    ppps=["не явленн"];  --*
-    pppss=["не явлен"];  --*
+    prap=mkPresPartForms "несуществующ";
+    pppa=mkPastPassPartForms "неявленн" "неявлен";
     prtr=["не существуя"];  --*
     ptr=["не существовав"];  --*
     asp=Imperfective;
diff --git a/src/russian/InflectionRus.gf b/src/russian/InflectionRus.gf
index 00a5bec6..f96679a2 100644
--- a/src/russian/InflectionRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/InflectionRus.gf
@@ -550,11 +550,15 @@ oper
 
   onlyParticipleForms : AdjForms -> AdjForms
     -- To prevent shadowing homonymic forms while parsing or empty, here asterisk has been to incorect forms
-    = \af -> af ** {sm=af.sm+"*"; sf=af.sf+"*"; sn=af.sn+"*"; sp=af.sp+"*"; comp=af.comp+"*"} ;
+    = \af -> af ** { short=\\gn => af.short ! gn + "*";
+                     comp=af.comp+"*"
+                   } ;
 
   immutableAdjectiveCases : Str -> AdjForms
     = \s -> {
-      msnom=s;fsnom=s;nsnom=s;pnom=s;msgen=s;fsgen=s;pgen=s;msdat=s;fsacc=s;msins=s;fsins=s;pins=s;msprep=s;sm=s;sf=s;sn=s;sp=s;comp=[];
+      msnom=s;fsnom=s;nsnom=s;pnom=s;msgen=s;fsgen=s;pgen=s;msdat=s;fsacc=s;msins=s;fsins=s;pins=s;msprep=s;
+      short=\\_=>s;
+      comp=[];
       preferShort=PreferFull ;
       p=False
     } ;
@@ -652,10 +656,12 @@ oper
         fsins = s + aef.fsins  ;
         pins  = s + aef.pins   ;
         msprep= s + aef.msprep ;
-        sm    = sms + aef.sm   ;
-        sf    = sstem + aef.sf ;
-        sn    = sstem + aef.sn ;
-        sp    = sstem + aef.sp ;
+        short = table {
+                  GSg Masc => sms + aef.short ! GSg Masc ;
+                  GSg Fem  => sstem + aef.short ! GSg Fem ;
+                  GSg Neut => sstem + aef.short ! GSg Neut ;
+                  GPl      => sstem + aef.short ! GPl
+                } ;
         comp  = comps + aef.comp ;
         preferShort = aef.preferShort ;
         p = aef.p
@@ -680,10 +686,12 @@ oper
         fsins = s + aef.fsins  ;
         pins  = s + aef.pins   ;
         msprep= s + aef.msprep ;
-        sm    = sms + aef.sm   ;
-        sf    = sstem + aef.sf ;
-        sn    = sstem + aef.sn ;
-        sp    = sstem + aef.sp ;
+        short = table {
+                  GSg Masc => sms + aef.short ! GSg Masc ;
+                  GSg Fem  => sstem + aef.short ! GSg Fem ;
+                  GSg Neut => sstem + aef.short ! GSg Neut ;
+                  GPl      => sstem + aef.short ! GPl
+                } ;
         comp  = comps + aef.comp ;
         preferShort = aef.preferShort ;
         p = False
@@ -711,10 +719,12 @@ oper
         fsins  = stressSelectionAdj aef1.fsins  ss "fsins" ;
         pins   = stressSelectionAdj aef1.pins   ss "pins" ;
         msprep = stressSelectionAdj aef1.msprep ss "msprep" ;
-        sm     = stressSelectionAdj aef1.sm     ss "sm" ;
-        sf     = stressSelectionAdj aef1.sf     ss "sf" ;
-        sn     = stressSelectionAdj aef1.sn     ss "sn" ;
-        sp     = stressSelectionAdj aef1.sp     ss "sp" ;
+        short = table {
+                  GSg Masc => stressSelectionAdj aef1.sm ss "sm" ;
+                  GSg Fem  => stressSelectionAdj aef1.sf ss "sf" ;
+                  GSg Neut => stressSelectionAdj aef1.sn ss "sn" ;
+                  GPl      => stressSelectionAdj aef1.sp ss "sp"
+                } ;
         comp   = stressSelectionAdj aef1.comp   ss "comp" ;
         preferShort = sfp ;
         p = False
@@ -998,8 +1008,8 @@ oper
         isg2=imp.isg2 ;
         isg2refl=imp.isg2refl ;
         ipl1=imp.ipl1 ;
-        ppps=ppp.ppps ;
-        pppss=ppp.pppss ;
+        prap=mkPresPartForms ((Predef.tk 1 presfut.prpl3) + "щ") ;
+        pppa=mkPastPassPartForms ppp.ppps ppp.pppss ;
         prtr=tr.prtr ;
         ptr=tr.ptr
       } ;
@@ -1110,8 +1120,8 @@ oper
         isg2=com + "ти";
         isg2refl=com + "тись";
         ipl1=[];
-        ppps=com + "тим";  -- incorrect, but prevents empty
-        pppss=com + "тим";  -- incorrect, but prevents empty
+        prap=mkPresPartForms (com + "тящ");
+        pppa=mkPastPassPartForms (com + "тим") (com + "тим");
         prtr=com + "тя";
         ptr=com + "тев";
         asp=asp;
@@ -1139,8 +1149,8 @@ oper
         isg2=com + "ги";
         isg2refl=com + "гись";
         ipl1=[];
-        ppps=com + "ган"; -- incorrect, but prevents parsing problems
-        pppss=com + "ган"; -- incorrect, but prevents parsing problems
+        prap=mkPresPartForms (com + "гущ");
+        pppa=mkPastPassPartForms (com + "ган") (com + "ган");
         prtr=com + "жа"; -- *
         ptr=com + "жав";
         asp=asp;
@@ -1168,8 +1178,8 @@ oper
         isg2=com + "шь";
         isg2refl=com + "шься";
         ipl1=[];
-        ppps=com + "денн";  -- *
-        pppss=com + "ден";  -- *
+        prap=mkPresPartForms (com + "дящ");
+        pppa=mkPastPassPartForms (com + "денн") (com + "ден");
         prtr=com + "дя";
         ptr=com + "в";
         asp=asp;
@@ -1196,8 +1206,8 @@ oper
         isg2=com + "й";
         isg2refl=com + "йся";
         ipl1=[];
-        ppps=com + "нн"; -- *
-        pppss=com + "н"; -- *
+        prap=mkPresPartForms (com + "ющ");
+        pppa=mkPastPassPartForms (com + "нн") (com + "н");
         prtr=com + "вая";
         ptr=com + "в";
         asp=asp;
@@ -1225,8 +1235,8 @@ oper
         isg2=com + "удь";
         isg2refl=com + "удься";
         ipl1=[];
-        ppps=com + "ыт";  -- *
-        pppss=com + "ыт";  -- *
+        prap=mkPresPartForms (com + "ывающ");
+        pppa=mkPastPassPartForms (com + "ыт") (com + "ыт");
         prtr=com + "ывая";
         ptr=com + "ыв";
         asp=asp;
@@ -1255,8 +1265,8 @@ oper
         isg2=com + "ди";
         isg2refl=com + "дись";
         ipl1=[];
-        ppps=com + "денн"; -- *
-        pppss="com + ден"; -- *
+        prap=mkPresPartForms (com + "дущ");
+        pppa=mkPastPassPartForms (com + "денн") (com + "ден");
         prtr=com + "дя";
         ptr=[];
         asp=asp;
diff --git a/src/russian/LexiconRus.gf b/src/russian/LexiconRus.gf
index 4f9f665d..1cc1c4d8 100644
--- a/src/russian/LexiconRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/LexiconRus.gf
@@ -121,7 +121,11 @@ lin
   fridge_N = mkN "холодильник" ;
   friend_N = (mkNplus (mkN "друг" masculine inanimate "3c")) ** {pnom="друзья";pgen="друзей";pdat="друзьям";pacc="друзей";pins="друзьями";pprep="друзьях"};
   fruit_N = mkN "фрукт" ;
-  full_A = (mkAplus (mkA "полный" "" "1*a/c'")) ** {sm="полон"} ;
+  full_A = let adj = mkAplus (mkA "полный" "" "1*a/c'")
+           in adj ** {short = table {
+                                GSg Masc => "полон";
+                                gn       => adj.short ! gn
+                              }} ;
   fun_AV = (mkAltShort (mkA "весёлый" "" "1a/c'") (mkA "веселый")) ;
   garden_N = mkN "сад" ;
   girl_N = mkN "девочка" feminine animate "3*a";
@@ -142,7 +146,11 @@ lin
   head_N = mkN "голова" feminine inanimate "1f'";
   hear_V2 = mkV2 (mkV imperfective "слушать" "слушаю");
   heart_N = mkN "сердце" neuter inanimate "5*c" ;
-  heavy_A = (mkAltShort (mkA "тяжёлый" "тяжелее") (mkA "тяжелый")) ** {sm="тяжёл"} ;   -- TODO: same
+  heavy_A = let adj = mkAltShort (mkA "тяжёлый" "тяжелее") (mkA "тяжелый")
+            in adj ** {short = table {
+                                 GSg Masc => "тяжёл" ;   -- TODO: same
+                                 gn       => adj.short ! gn
+                               }} ;
   hill_N = mkN "холм" ;
   hit_V2 = mkV2 (mkV imperfective "ударять" "ударяю" "ударяет") ;
   hold_V2 = mkV2 (mkV imperfective "держать" "держу" "держит") ;
@@ -254,7 +262,7 @@ lin
   science_N = mkN "наука" ;
   scratch_V2 = mkV2 (mkV imperfective "чесать" "чешу" "чешет");
   sea_N = mkN "море" neuter inanimate "2c" (mkA "морской") ;
-  see_V2 = (mkV2plus (mkV2 (mkV imperfective transitive "видеть" "вижу" "видит" "5a"))) ** {pppss="виден"; ppps="виденн"} ;
+  see_V2 = (mkV2plus (mkV2 (mkV imperfective transitive "видеть" "вижу" "видит" "5a"))) ** {pppa=mkPastPassPartForms "виденн" "виден"} ;
   seed_N = mkN "семя" neuter inanimate "8°c" ;
   seek_V2 = mkV2 (mkV imperfective "искать" "ищу" "ищет");
   sell_V3 = tvDirDir (mkV imperfective "продавать" "продаю" "продаёт");
@@ -329,7 +337,11 @@ lin
   wait_V2 = mkV2 (mkV imperfective "ждать" "жду" "ждёт");
   walk_V = mkV imperfective "гулять" "гуляю" "гуляет";
   war_N = mkN "война" (mkA "военный") ;
-  warm_A = (mkAltShort (mkA "тёплый" "теплее" "1*a/b") (mkA "теплый" "" "1*a/b")) ** {sm="тёплый"} ;  -- workaround TODO: Any way to remove yo from stem?
+  warm_A = let adj = mkAltShort (mkA "тёплый" "теплее" "1*a/b") (mkA "теплый" "" "1*a/b")
+           in adj ** {short=table {
+                              GSg Masc => "тёплый" ; -- workaround TODO: Any way to remove yo from stem?
+                              gn       => adj.short ! gn
+                            }} ; 
   wash_V2 = mkV2 (mkV imperfective "мыть" "мою" "моет");
   watch_V2 = mkV2 (mkV imperfective "смотреть" "смотрю" "смотрит");
   water_N = mkN "вода" feminine inanimate "1d'";
@@ -349,5 +361,9 @@ lin
   worm_N = mkN "червь" masculine animate ;
   write_V2 = mkV2 (mkV imperfective "писать" "пишу" "пишет");
   year_N = (mkNplus (mkN "год" (mkA "годовой")))  **  {sloc="году"; pgen="лет"};
-  yellow_A = (mkAplus (mkA "жёлтый" "желтее" "1a/c''") ** {sf="желта"}) ;  -- TODO: variants
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+  yellow_A = let adj = mkAplus (mkA "жёлтый" "желтее" "1a/c''")  -- TODO: variants
+             in adj ** {short = table {
+                                  GSg Fem => "желта" ;
+                                  gn      => adj.short ! gn
+                                }} ;
+}
diff --git a/src/russian/NounRus.gf b/src/russian/NounRus.gf
index 40afa675..0c6802af 100644
--- a/src/russian/NounRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/NounRus.gf
@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ lin
     } ;   -- Does NP need animacy?
 
   -- : Pron -> NP ;
-  UsePron pron = lin NP (pronFormsPronoun pron) ;
+  UsePron pron = pronFormsPronoun pron ;
 
   -- : Predet -> NP -> NP ; -- only the man
   PredetNP predet np = np ** {s=\\cas => predet.s ! (agrGenNum np.a) ! Inanimate ! cas ++ np.s ! numSizeCase cas predet.size} ;
 
   -- : NP -> V2 -> NP ;    -- the man seen
   PPartNP np v2 = np ** {
-    s = \\cas => np.s ! cas ++ (shortPastPassPart v2 (agrGenNum np.a))
+    s = \\cas => np.s ! cas ++ (pastPassPart v2).short ! (agrGenNum np.a)
     } ;
 
   -- : NP -> Adv -> NP ;    -- Paris today
@@ -97,7 +97,6 @@ lin
   DetQuant quant num = {
     s=\\g,anim,cas => quant.s ! (gennum g (numSizeNumber num.size)) ! anim ! cas ++ num.s ! g ! anim ! cas ;
     type=quant.type ;
-    g=quant.g ;
     c=quant.c ;
     size=num.size
     } ;
@@ -108,7 +107,6 @@ lin
       ++ quant.s ! (gennum g (numSizeNumber num.size)) ! a ! cas
       ++ (adjFormsAdjective ord).s ! gennum g (animNumSizeNum Inanimate cas num.size) ! Inanimate ! numSizeCase cas num.size ;
     type=quant.type ;
-    g=quant.g ;
     c=quant.c ;
     size=num.size
     } ;
@@ -123,10 +121,12 @@ lin
 
   -- : Numeral -> Ord ;  -- fifty-first
   OrdNumeral numeral = numeral.o ** {
-    sm=numeral.s ! Masc ! Inanimate ! Nom; -- these are not correct, but needed to prevent parsing problems
-    sf=numeral.s ! Fem ! Inanimate ! Nom;
-    sn=numeral.s ! Neut ! Inanimate ! Nom;
-    sp=numeral.s ! Neut ! Inanimate ! Gen ;
+    short = table { -- these are not correct, but needed to prevent parsing problems
+              GSg Masc => numeral.s ! Masc ! Inanimate ! Nom;
+              GSg Fem  => numeral.s ! Fem  ! Inanimate ! Nom;
+              GSg Neut => numeral.s ! Neut ! Inanimate ! Nom;
+              GPl      => numeral.s ! Neut ! Inanimate ! Gen
+            } ;
     comp=numeral.s ! Neut ! Inanimate ! Gen ;
     p=False ;
     preferShort=PreferFull
@@ -167,10 +167,10 @@ lin
   UseN2 n = nounFormsNoun n ;
 
   -- : N3 -> N2 ; -- distance (from this city)
-  Use2N3 n3 = lin N2 n3 ** { compl1 = n3.compl2 } ;
+  Use2N3 n3 = n3 ;
 
   -- : N3 -> N2 ; -- distance (to Paris)
-  Use3N3 n3 = lin N2 n3 ;
+  Use3N3 n3 = n3 ;
 
 
   -- : CN -> RS -> CN ;   -- house that John bought
@@ -230,7 +230,6 @@ lin
     type=EmptyDef ;
     short=\\a=>[] ;
     c=Nom ;
-    size=Num1 ;
     preferShort=PreferFull
     } ;
   -- : Quant ;       -- a (house), (houses)
@@ -239,7 +238,6 @@ lin
     type=EmptyIndef ;
     short=\\a=>[] ;
     c=Nom ;
-    size=Num1 ;
     preferShort=PreferFull
     } ;
 
diff --git a/src/russian/NumeralRus.gf b/src/russian/NumeralRus.gf
index 6cbf4f4c..24197cf9 100644
--- a/src/russian/NumeralRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/NumeralRus.gf
@@ -405,8 +405,70 @@ lin pot3plus n m = {
   } ;
 lin pot3as4 n = n ;
 
+lin pot41 = {
+  s=\\g,a,c => million.s ! Sg ! c ;
+  o=pronounAdj1A "миллионный" ;
+  just1=True ;
+  size=Num5
+  } ;
+
+lin pot4 n = {
+  s=\\g,a,c => n.s ! attr ! Masc ! a ! c
+    ++ million.s ! animNumSizeNum Inanimate c n.size ! numSizeCase c n.size ;
+  o=prependPF (n.s ! attr ! Masc ! Inanimate ! Nom) (pronounAdj1A "миллионный") ;
+  just1=False ;
+  size=Num5
+  } ;
+
+lin pot4plus n m = {
+  s=\\g,a,c => n.s ! attr ! Masc ! a ! c
+    ++ million.s ! animNumSizeNum Inanimate c n.size ! numSizeCase c n.size
+    ++ m.s ! g ! a ! c ;
+  o=m.o ;
+  just1=False ;
+  size=m.size
+  } ;
+
+lin pot4decimal d = {
+  s=\\g,a,c => d.s ++ million.s ! Sg ! Gen ;
+  o=pronounAdj1A "миллионный" ;
+  just1=False ;
+  size=Num5
+  } ;
+
 lin pot4as5 n = n ;
 
+lin pot51 = {
+  s=\\g,a,c => milliard.s ! Sg ! c ;
+  o=pronounAdj1A "миллиардный" ;
+  just1=True ;
+  size=Num5
+  } ;
+
+lin pot5 n = {
+  s=\\g,a,c => n.s ! attr ! Masc ! a ! c
+    ++ milliard.s ! animNumSizeNum Inanimate c n.size ! numSizeCase c n.size ;
+  o=prependPF (n.s ! attr ! Masc ! Inanimate ! Nom) (pronounAdj1A "миллиардный") ;
+  just1=False ;
+  size=Num5
+  } ;
+
+lin pot5plus n m = {
+  s=\\g,a,c => n.s ! attr ! Masc ! a ! c
+    ++ milliard.s ! animNumSizeNum Inanimate c n.size ! numSizeCase c n.size
+    ++ m.s ! g ! a ! c ;
+  o=m.o ;
+  just1=False ;
+  size=m.size
+  } ;
+
+lin pot5decimal d = {
+  s=\\g,a,c => d.s ++ milliard.s ! Sg ! Gen ;
+  o=pronounAdj1A "миллиардный" ;
+  just1=False ;
+  size=Num5
+  } ;
+
 -- numerals as sequences of digits
 
 lincat
@@ -416,11 +478,10 @@ lincat
     IDig d = d ** {tail = T1} ;
 
     IIDig d i = {
-    s = d.s ++ spaceIf i.tail ++ i.s ;
-    n = Pl ;
-    size = i.size ;
-    tail = inc i.tail
-  } ;
+      s = d.s ++ spaceIf i.tail ++ i.s ;
+      size = i.size ;
+      tail = inc i.tail
+    } ;
 
   D_0 = mk2Dig "0" Num5 ;
   D_1 = mk4Dig "1" "1" Sg Num1 ; ----
@@ -436,16 +497,14 @@ lincat
   PosDecimal d = d ** {hasDot=False} ;
   NegDecimal d = {
     s = "-" ++ BIND ++ d.s ;
-    n = Pl ;
-    size = d.size ;
+    size = NumAll ;
     hasDot=False
   } ;
   IFrac d i = {
     s=d.s ++
       if_then_Str d.hasDot BIND (BIND++"."++BIND) ++
       i.s;
-    n = Pl ;
-    size = d.size ;
+    size = NumAll ;
     hasDot=True
   } ;
 
diff --git a/src/russian/ParadigmsRus.gf b/src/russian/ParadigmsRus.gf
index 5a676b19..d39ad72e 100644
--- a/src/russian/ParadigmsRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/ParadigmsRus.gf
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ oper
     infrefl = v.infrefl ++ s ;
     prsg1 = v.prsg1 ++ s ;
     prsg2 = v.prsg2 ++ s ;
-    prsg3 = v.prsg2 ++ s ;
+    prsg3 = v.prsg3 ++ s ;
     prpl1 = v.prpl1 ++ s ;
     prpl2 = v.prpl2 ++ s ;
     prpl3 = v.prpl3 ++ s ;
@@ -216,8 +216,35 @@ oper
     isg2 = v.isg2 ++ s ;
     ipl1 = v.ipl1 ++ s ;
     isg2refl = v.isg2refl ++ s ;
-    ppps = v.ppps ++ s ;
-    pppss = v.pppss ++ s ;
+    prap = {msnom = v.prap.msnom ++ s ;
+            fsnom = v.prap.fsnom ++ s ;
+            nsnom = v.prap.nsnom ++ s ;
+            pnom = v.prap.pnom ++ s ;
+            msgen = v.prap.msgen ++ s ;
+            fsgen = v.prap.fsgen ++ s ;
+            pgen = v.prap.pgen ++ s ;
+            msdat = v.prap.msdat ++ s ;
+            fsacc = v.prap.fsacc ++ s ;
+            msins = v.prap.msins ++ s ;
+            fsins = v.prap.fsins ++ s ;
+            pins = v.prap.pins ++ s ;
+            msprep = v.prap.msprep ++ s
+           } ;
+    pppa = {msnom = v.pppa.msnom ++ s ;
+            fsnom = v.pppa.fsnom ++ s ;
+            nsnom = v.pppa.nsnom ++ s ;
+            pnom = v.pppa.pnom ++ s ;
+            msgen = v.pppa.msgen ++ s ;
+            fsgen = v.pppa.fsgen ++ s ;
+            pgen = v.pppa.pgen ++ s ;
+            msdat = v.pppa.msdat ++ s ;
+            fsacc = v.pppa.fsacc ++ s ;
+            msins = v.pppa.msins ++ s ;
+            fsins = v.pppa.fsins ++ s ;
+            pins = v.pppa.pins ++ s ;
+            msprep = v.pppa.msprep ++ s ;
+            short = \\gn => v.pppa.short ! gn ++ s
+           } ;
     prtr = v.prtr ++ s ;
     ptr = v.ptr ++ s
   } ;
@@ -244,7 +271,7 @@ oper
 ------------------------------
 -- Nouns
 
-  nullPrep : Prep = lin Prep {s=[] ; c=Gen ; neggen=False ; hasPrep=False} ;
+  nullPrep : Prep = lin Prep {s=[] ; c=Gen ; hasPrep=False} ;
 
   mkN = overload {
     mkN : Str -> N
@@ -598,12 +625,7 @@ oper
         let refl = case v.refltran of {Refl => "ся" ; _ => ""} in
         case <voice,t> of {
           <Pass,Past|Cond> => lin A ( --# notpresent TODO: check
-            guessAdjectiveForms (v.ppps + "ый") ** {  --# notpresent
-              sm=v.pppss ;  --# notpresent
-              sf=v.pppss + "а"; --# notpresent
-              sn=v.pppss + "о"; --# notpresent
-              sp=v.pppss + "ы" --# notpresent
-              } --# notpresent
+            guessAdjectiveForms v.pppa.msnom ** v.pppa  --# notpresent
             ) ;--# notpresent
           <Pass,Pres> => lin A ( -- overgenerated
             let s : Str = case v.prpl1 of {
@@ -677,26 +699,26 @@ oper
 
   mkV2 = overload {
     mkV2 : V -> V2
-      = \vf -> lin V2 (vf ** {c={s=[] ; c=Acc ; neggen=True ; hasPrep=False}}) ;
+      = \vf -> lin V2 (vf ** {c={s=[] ; c=Acc ; hasPrep=False}}) ;
     mkV2 : V -> Case -> V2
-      = \vf, c -> lin V2 (vf ** {c={s=[] ; c=c ; neggen=False ; hasPrep=False}}) ;
+      = \vf, c -> lin V2 (vf ** {c={s=[] ; c=c ; hasPrep=False}}) ;
     mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2
       = \vf, prep -> lin V2 (vf ** {c=prep}) ;
 
     -- For backwards compatibility:
     mkV2 : V -> Str -> Case -> V2
-      = \vf, prep_s, c -> lin V2 (vf ** {c={s=prep_s ; c=c ; neggen=False ; hasPrep=True}})
+      = \vf, prep_s, c -> lin V2 (vf ** {c={s=prep_s ; c=c ; hasPrep=True}})
     } ;
 
   mkV3 = overload {
     mkV3 : V -> Case -> Case -> V3   -- "сложить письмо в конверт"
-      = \vf, cas1, cas2 -> lin V3 (vf ** {c={s=[] ; c=cas1 ; neggen=False ; hasPrep=False} ; c2={s=[] ; c=cas2 ; neggen=False ; hasPrep=False}} ) ;
+      = \vf, cas1, cas2 -> lin V3 (vf ** {c={s=[] ; c=cas1 ; hasPrep=False} ; c2={s=[] ; c=cas2 ; hasPrep=False}} ) ;
     mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3   -- "сложить письмо в конверт"
       = \vf, prep1, prep2 -> lin V3 (vf ** {c=prep1 ; c2=prep2} ) ;
 
     -- For backwards compatibility:
     mkV3 : V -> Str -> Str -> Case -> Case -> V3
-      = \vf, prep1, prep2, cas1, cas2 -> lin V3 (vf ** {c={s=prep1 ; c=cas1 ; neggen=False ; hasPrep=True} ; c2={s=prep2 ; c=cas2 ; neggen=False ; hasPrep=True}} ) ;
+      = \vf, prep1, prep2, cas1, cas2 -> lin V3 (vf ** {c={s=prep1 ; c=cas1 ; hasPrep=True} ; c2={s=prep2 ; c=cas2 ; hasPrep=True}} ) ;
   } ;
 
 
@@ -711,25 +733,25 @@ oper
     mkV2V : V -> Prep -> V2V
       = \v, prep -> lin V2V (v ** {c=prep}) ;
     mkV2V : V -> Str -> Case -> V2V
-      = \v, prep, cas -> lin V2V (v ** {c={s=prep ; c=cas ; neggen=False ; hasPrep=True}}) ;
+      = \v, prep, cas -> lin V2V (v ** {c={s=prep ; c=cas ; hasPrep=True}}) ;
   } ;
   mkV2S = overload {
      mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S
        = \v, prep -> lin V2S (v ** {c=prep}) ;
      mkV2S : V -> Str -> Case -> V2S
-       = \v, prep, cas -> lin V2S (v ** {c={s=prep ; c=cas ; neggen=False ; hasPrep=True}}) ;
+       = \v, prep, cas -> lin V2S (v ** {c={s=prep ; c=cas ; hasPrep=True}}) ;
   } ;
   mkV2Q = overload {
      mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q
        = \v, prep -> lin V2Q (v ** {c=prep}) ;
      mkV2Q : V -> Str -> Case -> V2Q
-       = \v, prep, cas -> lin V2Q (v ** {c={s=prep ; c=cas ; neggen=False ; hasPrep=True}}) ;
+       = \v, prep, cas -> lin V2Q (v ** {c={s=prep ; c=cas ; hasPrep=True}}) ;
   } ;
   mkV2A = overload {
      mkV2A : V -> Prep -> V2A
        = \v, prep -> lin V2A (v ** {c=prep}) ;
      mkV2A : V -> Str -> Case -> V2A
-       = \v, prep, cas -> lin V2A (v ** {c={s=prep ; c=cas ; neggen=False ; hasPrep=True}}) ;
+       = \v, prep, cas -> lin V2A (v ** {c={s=prep ; c=cas ; hasPrep=True}}) ;
   } ;
 
 ------------------------
@@ -766,7 +788,7 @@ oper
     = \s -> lin Interj {s = s} ;
 
   mkPrep : Str -> Case -> Prep
-    = \s,c -> lin Prep {s = s ; c = c ; neggen = False ; hasPrep = True} ;
+    = \s,c -> lin Prep {s = s ; c = c ; hasPrep = True} ;
 
 
 oper
diff --git a/src/russian/ParamRus.gf b/src/russian/ParamRus.gf
index 83f5d526..5421e3db 100644
--- a/src/russian/ParamRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/ParamRus.gf
@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ oper
     fsacc,                      -- amsacc = msgen, imsacc = msnom, nsacc = nsnom
     msins, fsins, pins,         -- nsins = msins, pdat = msins ; there is also variant fsins == fsgen
     msprep,                     -- nsprep = msprep, fsprep = fsgen, msloc = msprep
-    sm, sf, sn, sp,             -- short forms
     comp                        -- comparative variants
     : Str ;
+    short : GenNum => Str ;     -- short forms
     p : Bool ;
     preferShort : ShortFormPreference
   } ;
@@ -93,6 +93,27 @@ oper
     : Str ;
   } ;
 
+  PresPartForms : Type = {
+    msnom, fsnom, nsnom, pnom,  -- pvoc = pnom
+    msgen, fsgen, pgen,         -- nsgen = msgen ; ploc = pprep = pgen = pptv (?)
+    msdat,                      -- nsdat = msdat ; fsdat = fsgen
+    fsacc,                      -- amsacc = msgen, imsacc = msnom, nsacc = nsnom
+    msins, fsins, pins,         -- nsins = msins, pdat = msins ; there is also variant fsins == fsgen
+    msprep                      -- nsprep = msprep, fsprep = fsgen, msloc = msprep
+    : Str ;
+  } ;
+
+  PastPartForms : Type = {
+    msnom, fsnom, nsnom, pnom,  -- pvoc = pnom
+    msgen, fsgen, pgen,         -- nsgen = msgen ; ploc = pprep = pgen = pptv (?)
+    msdat,                      -- nsdat = msdat ; fsdat = fsgen
+    fsacc,                      -- amsacc = msgen, imsacc = msnom, nsacc = nsnom
+    msins, fsins, pins,         -- nsins = msins, pdat = msins ; there is also variant fsins == fsgen
+    msprep                      -- nsprep = msprep, fsprep = fsgen, msloc = msprep
+    : Str ;
+    short : GenNum => Str ;     -- short forms
+  } ;
+
   ConjType     = Predef.Ints 16 ;        -- Conjugation type
   TempParts = {p1: Str; p2: Str} ;
   VerbForms : Type = {
@@ -100,18 +121,38 @@ oper
     prsg1, prsg2, prsg3, prpl1, prpl2, prpl3,
     psgm, psgs,
     isg2, ipl1, isg2refl,
-    ppps,   -- past passive participle, stem
-    pppss,   -- past passive participle, short stem
     prtr, ptr  -- present and past transgressives (converbs)
     : Str ;
     fut : SpecialFuture ;
     asp : Aspect ;
     refltran : ReflTran ;
+    prap : PresPartForms ; -- present active participle
+    pppa : PastPartForms ; -- past passive participle
     } ;
   ComplementCase : Type = {s : Str ; c : Case ; hasPrep : Bool} ;
   VerbForms2 : Type = VerbForms ** {c : ComplementCase} ;
   VerbForms3 : Type = VerbForms ** {c : ComplementCase ; c2 : ComplementCase} ;
 
+  mkPresPartForms : Str -> PresPartForms = \s -> {
+    msnom=s+"ий"; fsnom=s+"ая"; nsnom=s+"ее"; pnom=s+"ие";
+    msgen=s+"его"; fsgen=s+"ей"; pgen=s+"их"; msdat=s+"ему";
+    fsacc=s+"ую"; msins=s+"им"; fsins=s+"ей"; pins=s+"ими";
+    msprep=s+"ем"
+    } ;
+
+  mkPastPassPartForms : Str -> Str -> PastPartForms = \s,ss -> {
+    msnom=s+"ый"; fsnom=s+"ая"; nsnom=s+"ое"; pnom=s+"ые";
+    msgen=s+"ого"; fsgen=s+"ой"; pgen=s+"ых"; msdat=s+"ому";
+    fsacc=s+"ую"; msins=s+"ым"; fsins=s+"ой"; pins=s+"ыми";
+    msprep=s+"ом";
+    short = table {
+              GSg Masc => ss;
+              GSg Fem  => ss+"а";
+              GSg Neut => ss+"о";
+              GPl      => ss+"ы"
+            }
+    } ;
+
   reflTran : Reflexivity -> Transitivity -> ReflTran = \r,t ->
     case <r,t> of {
       <Reflexive,_> => Refl ;
diff --git a/src/russian/QuestionRus.gf b/src/russian/QuestionRus.gf
index e515211f..207b0776 100644
--- a/src/russian/QuestionRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/QuestionRus.gf
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ flags optimize=all_subs ; coding=utf8 ;
 
 lin
   -- : Cl -> QCl ;            -- does John walk
-  QuestCl cl = cl ** {qf=QDir} ;
+  QuestCl cl = cl ;
 
   -- : IP -> VP -> QCl ;      -- who walks
   QuestVP ip vp = {
diff --git a/src/russian/RelativeRus.gf b/src/russian/RelativeRus.gf
index 47f62f4b..40d829b9 100644
--- a/src/russian/RelativeRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/RelativeRus.gf
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ lin
     } ;
 
   -- : RP ;                      -- which
-  IdRP = lin RP (doKotoryjPron "который" (Ag (GSg Neut) P3)) ;
+  IdRP = doKotoryjPron "который" (Ag (GSg Neut) P3) ;
 
   -- : Prep -> NP -> RP -> RP ;  -- the mother of whom
   FunRP prep np rp = {
diff --git a/src/russian/ResRus.gf b/src/russian/ResRus.gf
index 2af96104..31c029e1 100644
--- a/src/russian/ResRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/ResRus.gf
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ oper
   ComplTable = Polarity => Agr => Str ;
   PolarityTable = Polarity => Str ;
 
-  from2 = {s="из" ; c=Gen ; neggen=True ; hasPrep=True} ;
+  from2 = {s="из" ; c=Gen ; hasPrep=True} ;
 
   mkCompoundN : NounForms -> Str -> NounForms -> NounForms
     = \n1,link,n2 ->
@@ -244,16 +244,18 @@ oper
 
   Adjective : Type = {
     s : AdjTable ;
-    short : AgrTable ;
+    short : GenNum => Str ;
     preferShort : ShortFormPreference
     } ;
 
   pronToAdj : PronForms -> AdjForms
     = \base -> base ** {
-      sm = base.msnom ; -- these are incorrect, but empty causes parsing problems
-      sf = base.fsnom ;
-      sn = base.nsnom ;
-      sp = base.pnom ;
+      short = table {
+                GSg Masc => base.msnom ; -- these are incorrect, but empty causes parsing problems
+                GSg Fem  => base.fsnom ;
+                GSg Neut => base.nsnom ;
+                GPl      => base.pnom
+              } ;
       comp = base.nsnom ;
       preferShort = PreferFull ;
       p = False
@@ -266,15 +268,12 @@ oper
 
   mkAltShort : AdjForms -> AdjForms -> AdjForms
     = \full, short -> full ** {
-      sm =  short.sm ;
-      sf =  short.sf ;
-      sn =  short.sn ;
-      sp =  short.sp
+      short =  short.short
     } ;
 
   adjFormsAdjective : AdjForms -> Adjective
     = \forms -> {
-      short = adjFormsToShort forms ;
+      short = forms.short ;
       s = table {
         GSg Fem => table {
           (Inanimate|Animate) => table {
@@ -351,8 +350,6 @@ oper
           }
         }
       } ;
-      g = forms.g ;
-      -- a = forms.a ;
       preferShort = forms.preferShort
     } ;
 
@@ -424,12 +421,8 @@ oper
       fsins = the_most.fsins  ++ af.fsins ;
       pins  = the_most.pins   ++ af.pins  ;
       msprep= the_most.msprep ++ af.msprep;
-      sm    = the_most.sm     ++ af.sm    ;
-      sf    = the_most.sf     ++ af.sf    ;
-      sn    = the_most.sn     ++ af.sn    ;
-      sp    = the_most.sp     ++ af.sp    ;
+      short = \\gn => the_most.short ! gn ++ af.short ! gn ;
       comp  = the_most.comp   ++ af.comp  ;
-      g=af.g ;
       preferShort = PreferFull ;
       p = af.p
     } ;
@@ -449,12 +442,13 @@ oper
       fsins = pf.fsins ++ the_most.fsins  ++ af.fsins ;
       pins  = pf.pins  ++ the_most.pins   ++ af.pins  ;
       msprep= pf.msprep++ the_most.msprep ++ af.msprep;
-      sm    = pf.msnom ++ the_most.sm     ++ af.sm    ;
-      sf    = pf.fsnom ++ the_most.sf     ++ af.sf    ;
-      sn    = pf.nsnom ++ the_most.sn     ++ af.sn    ;
-      sp    = pf.pnom  ++ the_most.sp     ++ af.sp    ;
+      short = table {
+                GSg Masc => pf.msnom ++ the_most.short ! (GSg Masc) ++ af.short ! (GSg Masc) ;
+                GSg Fem  => pf.fsnom ++ the_most.short ! (GSg Fem)  ++ af.short ! (GSg Fem) ;
+                GSg Neut => pf.nsnom ++ the_most.short ! (GSg Neut) ++ af.short ! (GSg Neut) ;
+                GPl      => pf.pnom  ++ the_most.short ! GPl        ++ af.short ! GPl
+              } ;
       comp  = pf.msnom ++ the_most.comp   ++ af.comp  ;
-      g=af.g ;
       preferShort = PreferFull ;
       p = af.p
     } ;
@@ -565,36 +559,25 @@ oper
         }
       } ;
 
-  adjFormsToShort : AdjForms -> AgrTable
-    = \af -> table {
-      Ag (GSg Fem) _ => af.sf ;
-      Ag (GSg Masc) _ => af.sm ;
-      Ag (GSg Neut) _ => af.sn ;
-      Ag GPl _ => af.sp
-    } ;
-
   mkCompoundA : AdjForms -> Str -> AdjForms -> AdjForms
     = \a1,link,a2 ->
       let l : Str=case link of {x+"-" => BIND ++ "-" ++ BIND ; _ => link} in
       a2 ** {
-      msnom = a1.sn ++ l ++ a2.msnom ;
-      fsnom = a1.sn ++ l ++ a2.fsnom ;
-      nsnom = a1.sn ++ l ++ a2.nsnom ;
-      pnom  = a1.sn ++ l ++ a2.pnom  ;
-      msgen = a1.sn ++ l ++ a2.msgen ;
-      fsgen = a1.sn ++ l ++ a2.fsgen ;
-      pgen  = a1.sn ++ l ++ a2.pgen  ;
-      msdat = a1.sn ++ l ++ a2.msdat ;
-      fsacc = a1.sn ++ l ++ a2.fsacc ;
-      msins = a1.sn ++ l ++ a2.msins ;
-      fsins = a1.sn ++ l ++ a2.fsins ;
-      pins  = a1.sn ++ l ++ a2.pins  ;
-      msprep= a1.sn ++ l ++ a2.msprep;
-      sm    = a1.sn ++ l ++ a2.sm    ;
-      sf    = a1.sn ++ l ++ a2.sf    ;
-      sn    = a1.sn ++ l ++ a2.sn    ;
-      sp    = a1.sn ++ l ++ a2.sp    ;
-      comp  = a1.sn ++ l ++ a2.comp  ;
+      msnom = a1.short ! GSg Neut ++ l ++ a2.msnom ;
+      fsnom = a1.short ! GSg Neut ++ l ++ a2.fsnom ;
+      nsnom = a1.short ! GSg Neut ++ l ++ a2.nsnom ;
+      pnom  = a1.short ! GSg Neut ++ l ++ a2.pnom  ;
+      msgen = a1.short ! GSg Neut ++ l ++ a2.msgen ;
+      fsgen = a1.short ! GSg Neut ++ l ++ a2.fsgen ;
+      pgen  = a1.short ! GSg Neut ++ l ++ a2.pgen  ;
+      msdat = a1.short ! GSg Neut ++ l ++ a2.msdat ;
+      fsacc = a1.short ! GSg Neut ++ l ++ a2.fsacc ;
+      msins = a1.short ! GSg Neut ++ l ++ a2.msins ;
+      fsins = a1.short ! GSg Neut ++ l ++ a2.fsins ;
+      pins  = a1.short ! GSg Neut ++ l ++ a2.pins  ;
+      msprep= a1.short ! GSg Neut ++ l ++ a2.msprep;
+      short = \\gn => a1.short ! GSg Neut ++ l ++ a2.short ! gn ;
+      comp  = a1.short ! GSg Neut ++ l ++ a2.comp  ;
       } ;
 
 
@@ -646,17 +629,17 @@ oper
       compl2 = \\p,a => case p of {
            Pos => case ap.preferShort of {
              PreferFull => slash.compl2 ! p ! a ++ ap.s ! agrGenNum a ! Animate ! slash.c.c ;
-             PrefShort => slash.compl2 ! p ! a ++ ap.short ! a
+             PrefShort => slash.compl2 ! p ! a ++ ap.short ! agrGenNum a
              } ;
            Neg => case ap.preferShort of {
              PreferFull => case neggen slash.c of {
                  False => slash.compl2 ! p ! a ++ ap.s ! agrGenNum a ! Animate ! slash.c.c ;
                  True  => slash.compl2 ! p ! a ++ ap.s ! agrGenNum a ! Animate ! Gen
               } ;
-             PrefShort => slash.compl2 ! p ! a ++ ap.short ! a
+             PrefShort => slash.compl2 ! p ! a ++ ap.short ! agrGenNum a
              }
            } ;
-      c = {s="" ; c=Acc ; neggen=True ; hasPrep=False};
+      c = {s="" ; c=Acc ; hasPrep=False};
       dep = slash.dep ;
       isSimple = False ;
       p = slash.p
@@ -729,17 +712,21 @@ oper
         _ => passivateNonReflexive vf
       } ;
 
-  shortPastPassPart : VerbForms -> GenNum -> Str
-    = \vf,gn ->
-      case vf.refltran of {
-        Trans => case <vf.fut,gn> of {
-          <NormalFuture,GSg Masc> => vf.pppss ;
-          <NormalFuture,GSg Fem> => vf.pppss ++ BIND ++ "а" ;
-          <NormalFuture,GSg Neut> => vf.pppss ++ BIND ++ "о" ;
-          <NormalFuture,GPl> => vf.pppss ++ BIND ++ "ы" ;
-          _ => vf.pppss } ;
-        _ => variants {}
-        } ;
+  presActPart : VerbForms -> Adjective =
+    \v -> adjFormsAdjective (v.prap ** {
+              short = table {
+                        GSg Masc => v.prap.msnom;
+                        GSg Fem  => v.prap.fsnom;
+                        GSg Neut => v.prap.nsnom;
+                        GPl      => v.prap.pnom
+                      } ;
+              comp = [] ;
+              p = False ;
+              preferShort = PreferFull
+            }) ;
+
+  pastPassPart : VerbForms -> Adjective =
+    \v -> adjFormsAdjective (v.pppa ** {comp = []; p = False ; preferShort = PreferFull}) ;
 
   copula : VerbForms
     = {
@@ -757,8 +744,8 @@ oper
       isg2="будь";
       isg2refl="явись" ; -- ?
       ipl1="давайте будем";
-      ppps="явленн";   --*
-      pppss="явлен";   --*
+      prap=mkPresPartForms "являющ";
+      pppa=mkPastPassPartForms "явленн" "явлен";
       prtr="будучи";
       ptr="быв";
       asp=Imperfective;
@@ -822,8 +809,8 @@ oper
       isg2refl="будь способны" ;   -- *
       isg2="будь способен";  -- some improvisation here
       ipl1="давайте будем способны";   -- maybe, special like for future?
-      ppps=""; --*
-      pppss=""; --*
+      prap=mkPresPartForms "могущ";
+      pppa=mkPastPassPartForms "" "";
       prtr="могши";  --*
       ptr="могши";
       asp=Imperfective;
@@ -846,8 +833,8 @@ oper
       isg2="желай";
       isg2refl="желайся" ;
       ipl1="давайте будем хотеть";
-      ppps="хотим";  -- *
-      pppss="хотим";  -- *
+      prap=mkPresPartForms "хотящ";
+      pppa=mkPastPassPartForms "хотим" "хотим";
       prtr="хотя";
       ptr="хотев";
       asp=Imperfective;
@@ -860,10 +847,11 @@ oper
       prsg1, prsg2, prsg3, prpl1, prpl2, prpl3,
       psgm, psgs,
       isg2, isg2refl, ipl1,
-      ppps, pppss,
       prtr, ptr ="";
       fut=NullFuture ;
       asp=Imperfective;
+      prap=mkPresPartForms "";
+      pppa=mkPastPassPartForms "" "";
       refltran = Trans ; -- used to be refl=NonReflexive; tran=Transitive
     } ;
 
@@ -1306,10 +1294,10 @@ oper
     = \ch, a, anim -> {  -- "ч", "нич"
       a = a ;
       anim=anim ;
-      nom, voc = ch + "то" ;
-      gen, acc, ptv = ch + "его" ;
+      nom = ch + "то" ;
+      gen, acc = ch + "его" ;
       dat = ch + "ему" ;
-      prep, loc = ch + "ём" ;
+      prep = ch + "ём" ;
       ins = ch + "ем" ;
       poss = {
         msnom = ch + "ей" ;
@@ -1333,10 +1321,10 @@ oper
       let subPoss = (Predef.tk 1 ch) + "ч" in {
       a = a ;
       anim=anim ;
-      nom, voc = ch + "то" ;
-      gen, acc, ptv = ch + "ого" ;
+      nom = ch + "то" ;
+      gen, acc = ch + "ого" ;
       dat = ch + "ому" ;
-      prep, loc = ch + "ом" ;
+      prep = ch + "ом" ;
       ins = ch + "ем" ;
       poss = (doChPron subPoss a anim).poss
       } ;
@@ -1414,9 +1402,6 @@ oper
       pacc=n.s ! Pl ! Acc ;
       pins=n.s ! Pl ! Ins ;
       pprep=n.s ! Pl ! Pre ;
-      ploc=n.s ! Pl ! Loc ;
-      pptv=n.s ! Pl ! Ptv ;
-      pvoc=n.s ! Pl ! VocRus ;
       g=n.g ;
       mayben=n.mayben ;
       anim=n.anim ;
@@ -1466,15 +1451,21 @@ oper
     pins  = "тех" ;
     msprep = "том" ;
     preferShort = PreferFull ;
+    short = table {
+              GSg Masc => "тот" ;
+              GSg Fem => "та" ;
+              GSg Neut => "то" ;
+              GPl => "те"
+            } ;
     comp = [] ;
     p = False
     } ;
 
   this_forms = {
-    msnom, sm = "этот" ;
-    fsnom, sf = "эта" ;
-    nsnom, sn = "это" ;
-    pnom, sp = "эти" ;
+    msnom = "этот" ;
+    fsnom = "эта" ;
+    nsnom = "это" ;
+    pnom = "эти" ;
     msgen = "этого" ;
     fsgen = "этой" ;
     pgen  = "этих" ;
@@ -1485,15 +1476,21 @@ oper
     pins  = "этими" ;
     msprep = "этом" ;
     preferShort = PreferFull ;
+    short = table {
+              GSg Masc => "этот" ;
+              GSg Fem  => "эта" ;
+              GSg Neut => "это" ;
+              GPl      => "эти"
+            } ;
     comp = [] ;
     p = False
     } ;
 
   a_forms = { -- this pronoun is an approximate translation of indef article; preventing DetNP parsing problems
-    msnom, sm = "некий" ;
-    fsnom, sf = "некая" ;
-    nsnom, sn = "некое" ;
-    pnom, sp = "некие" ;
+    msnom = "некий" ;
+    fsnom = "некая" ;
+    nsnom = "некое" ;
+    pnom = "некие" ;
     msgen = "некого" ;
     fsgen = "некой" ;
     pgen  = "неких" ;
@@ -1504,6 +1501,12 @@ oper
     pins  = "неким" ;
     msprep = "некой" ;
     preferShort = PreferFull ;
+    short = table {
+              GSg Masc => "некий" ;
+              GSg Fem  => "некая" ;
+              GSg Neut => "некое" ;
+              GPl      => "некие"
+           } ;
     comp = [] ;
     p = False
     } ;
@@ -1540,6 +1543,12 @@ oper
     pins  = "данных" ;
     msprep = "данном" ;
     preferShort = PreferFull ;
+    short = table {
+              GSg Masc => "данный" ;
+              GSg Fem  => "данная" ;
+              GSg Neut => "данное" ;
+              GPl      => "данные"
+            } ;
     comp = [] ;
     p = False
     } ;
@@ -1568,6 +1577,8 @@ param DForm = unit | teen | ten | hund ;
 param Place = attr | indep ;
 oper
   mille : Noun = nounFormsNoun ((guessNounForms "тысяча" (doGuessAdjectiveForms "тысячный") AdjType) ** {sins=variants {"тысячей" ; "тысячью"}});
+  million : Noun = nounFormsNoun (guessNounForms "миллион" (doGuessAdjectiveForms "миллионный") AdjType) ;
+  milliard : Noun = nounFormsNoun (guessNounForms "миллиард" (doGuessAdjectiveForms "миллиардный") AdjType) ;
 
   ith_forms : Str -> AdjForms
     = \s -> {
@@ -1584,7 +1595,7 @@ oper
       fsins = s ++ BIND ++ "-й" ;
       pins  = s ++ BIND ++ "-ми" ;
       msprep= s ++ BIND ++ "-м" ;
-      sm, sf, sn, sp = s ;
+      short = \\_ => s ;
       comp = s ++ BIND ++ "-е" ; --*
       p = False ;
       preferShort=PreferFull
@@ -1689,7 +1700,7 @@ oper
       ++ mfa.sacc ++ "," ++ ffa.sacc ++ "," ++ nfa.sacc ++ "," ++ mfa.pacc ++ ","
       ++ mf.sins  ++ "," ++ ff.sins  ++ "," ++ nf.sins  ++ "," ++ mf.pins  ++ ","
       ++ mf.sprep ++ "," ++ ff.sprep ++ "," ++ nf.sprep ++ "," ++ mf.pprep ++ ","
-      ++ af.sm    ++ "," ++ af.sf    ++ "," ++ af.sn    ++ "," ++ af.sp    ++ ","
+      ++ af.short ! (GSg Masc) ++ "," ++ af.short ! (GSg Fem) ++ "," ++ af.short ! (GSg Neut) ++ "," ++ af.short ! GPl ++ ","
       ++ af.comp
       ;
 
@@ -1697,8 +1708,8 @@ oper
     let fut : Agr=>Str = \\a => verbFutAgree v a in
     let pres : Agr=>Str = \\a => verbPresAgree v a in
     let past : Agr=>Str = \\a => verbPastAgree v a "" in
-    let imp : Agr=>Str = \\a => ((verbImperativeAgree v a).p1 ++ (verbImperativeAgree v a).p2) in
-    let ppp : GenNum=>Str = \\gn => shortPastPassPart v gn in
+    let imp : Agr=>Str = \\a => (verbImperativeAgree v a).p1 ++ (verbImperativeAgree v a).p2 in
+    let ppp : GenNum=>Str = variants {} {-(pastPassPart v).short-} in
     let inf = verbInf v in
     inf ++ "-"
       ++ inf ++ ","
diff --git a/src/russian/SentenceRus.gf b/src/russian/SentenceRus.gf
index 42cc3480..a2d674ed 100644
--- a/src/russian/SentenceRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/SentenceRus.gf
@@ -89,6 +89,10 @@ lin
         ++ vp.compl ! pol.p ! a
     } ;
 
+  AdvImp adv imp = {
+    s=\\p,gn => adv.s ++ imp.s ! p ! gn
+    } ;
+
   -- : NP -> VP -> Cl ;         -- John walks - Иван гуляет
   PredVP np vp = {
     subj=np.s ! Nom ;
diff --git a/src/russian/StructuralRus.gf b/src/russian/StructuralRus.gf
index effeb75e..807d2d2f 100644
--- a/src/russian/StructuralRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/StructuralRus.gf
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ lin
   in8front_Prep = mkPrep "перед" Ins ;
   in_Prep = mkPrep v_prep_mod Loc ;
   on_Prep = mkPrep "на" Loc ;
-  part_Prep = {s="" ; c=Ptv ; neggen=False ; hasPrep=False } ;
-  possess_Prep = {s="у" ; c=Gen ; neggen=False ; hasPrep=False} ;
+  part_Prep = {s="" ; c=Ptv ; hasPrep=False } ;
+  possess_Prep = {s="у" ; c=Gen ; hasPrep=False} ;
   through_Prep = mkPrep "через" Acc ;
   to_Prep = mkPrep k_prep_dat_mod Dat ;
   under_Prep = mkPrep pod_prep_mod Ins ;
@@ -99,14 +99,13 @@ lin
 
   can8know_VV = {v=can; modal=\\a=>[]} ;
   can_VV = {v=can; modal=\\a=>[]} ;
-  must_VV = {v=nullVerb; modal=adjFormsToShort (makeAdjectiveForms "должный" "" "1*a" PreferFull)} ;
+  must_VV = {v=nullVerb; modal=table {Ag gn _ => (makeAdjectiveForms "должный" "" "1*a" PreferFull).short ! gn}} ;
   want_VV = {v=want; modal=\\a=>[]} ;
 
   -- : Det ;
   every_Det = {
     s = \\g => (adjFormsAdjective (makeAdjectiveForms "каждый" "" "1*a" PreferFull)).s ! GSg g;
     type=NormalDet ;
-    g = Masc ;
     c = Nom ;
     size = Num1 ;
     } ;
@@ -114,7 +113,6 @@ lin
   someSg_Det   = {
     s = \\g => (adjFormsAdjective (makeAdjectiveForms "некоторый" "" "1*a" PreferFull)).s ! GSg g;
     type=NormalDet ;
-    g = Masc ;
     c = Nom ;
     size = Num1 ;
     } ;
@@ -122,7 +120,6 @@ lin
   somePl_Det = {
     s = \\g => (adjFormsAdjective (makeAdjectiveForms "некоторый" "" "1*a" PreferFull)).s ! GPl;
     type=NormalDet ;
-    g = Masc ;
     c = Nom ;
     size = NumAll ;
     } ;
@@ -130,7 +127,6 @@ lin
   few_Det = {
     s = \\g => (adjFormsAdjective (makeAdjectiveForms "немногий"  "" "3a" PreferFull)).s ! GPl;
     type=NormalDet ;
-    g = Masc ;
     c = Nom ;
     size = NumAll ;
     } ;
@@ -138,7 +134,6 @@ lin
   many_Det, much_Det = {
     s = \\g => (adjFormsAdjective (makeAdjectiveForms "многий"  "" "3a" PreferFull)).s ! GPl;
     type=NormalDet ;
-    g = Neut ;
     c = Gen ;
     size = NumAll
     } ;
@@ -169,12 +164,12 @@ lin
   too_AdA = ss "слишком" ;
   very_AdA = ss "очень" ;
 
-  everybody_NP = lin NP everybody ;
-  everything_NP = lin NP everything ;
-  something_NP = lin NP something ;
-  somebody_NP = lin NP somebody ;
-  nothing_NP = lin NP nothing ;
-  nobody_NP = lin NP nobody ;
+  everybody_NP = everybody ;
+  everything_NP = everything ;
+  something_NP = something ;
+  somebody_NP = somebody ;
+  nothing_NP = nothing ;
+  nobody_NP = nobody ;
 
   but_PConj = ss "но" ;
   otherwise_PConj = ss "иначе" ;
diff --git a/src/russian/VerbRus.gf b/src/russian/VerbRus.gf
index 076ee511..efee287b 100644
--- a/src/russian/VerbRus.gf
+++ b/src/russian/VerbRus.gf
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ lin
     adv=\\a=>[] ;
     compl=\\_ => case ap.preferShort of {
       PreferFull => (\\a => ap.s ! agrGenNum a ! Inanimate ! Ins) ;
-      PrefShort => ap.short
+      PrefShort => (\\a => ap.short ! agrGenNum a)
       } ;
     p = Pos
     } ;
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ lin
   -- : AP -> Comp ;            -- (be) small
   CompAP ap = case ap.preferShort of {
     PreferFull => {s=\\a=>ap.s ! agrGenNum a ! Inanimate ! Ins ; adv=[] ; cop=InsCopula} ;
-    PrefShort => {s=ap.short ; adv=[] ; cop=EllCopula}
+    PrefShort => {s=\\a=>ap.short ! agrGenNum a ; adv=[] ; cop=EllCopula}
     };
 
   -- : NP -> Comp ;            -- (be) the man