diff --git a/src/zulu/ExtraExtZul.gf b/src/zulu/ExtraExtZul.gf
index d19824b8..26ea4cb4 100755
--- a/src/zulu/ExtraExtZul.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/ExtraExtZul.gf
@@ -19,6 +19,19 @@ concrete ExtraExtZul of ExtraExt =
     } ;
 
   lin
+    ExistNP np = {
+      s = let
+          cp = (id_cop_pref np.agr) ; -- ng-
+          cop_base = np.s!NFull -- umfundi
+        in
+          cp ++ cop_base ;
+    } ;
+    GreetSg = {
+      s = "sawubona"
+    } ;
+    GreetPl = {
+      s = "sanibonani"
+    } ;
     -- PotQS pol qcl = {
     --   s = pol.s ++ qcl.potqcl!pol.p!Princ ;
     --   qword_pre = qcl.qword_pre ;
diff --git a/src/zulu/NounExtZul.gf b/src/zulu/NounExtZul.gf
index 03e28175..d66cb9f8 100644
--- a/src/zulu/NounExtZul.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/NounExtZul.gf
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ concrete NounExtZul of NounExt = CatZul,CatExtZul ** open ResZul, Prelude, Param
 
     -- TODO : check mod
     ApposCN cn n = {
-      s = \\num,nform => cn.s!num!nform ++ n.s!num!nform ;
+      s = \\num,nform => cn.s!num!nform ++ n.s!num!NFull ;
       -- mod = \\num => n.s!num!Full ++ cn.mod!num ;
       c = cn.c ; -- takes agr of cn
       empty = cn.empty ;
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ concrete NounExtZul of NounExt = CatZul,CatExtZul ** open ResZul, Prelude, Param
 
     -- TODO : check mod
     ApposN cn n = {
-      s = \\num,nform => cn.s!num!nform ++ n.s!num!nform ;
+      s = \\num,nform => cn.s!num!nform ++ n.s!num!NFull ;
       -- mod = \\num => n.s!num!Full ++ cn.mod!num ;
       c = n.c ; -- takes agr of n
       empty = cn.empty ;
diff --git a/src/zulu/NounZul.gf b/src/zulu/NounZul.gf
index ba8c6bf6..3ca43d9e 100755
--- a/src/zulu/NounZul.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/NounZul.gf
@@ -57,7 +57,17 @@ concrete NounZul of Noun = CatZul ** open ResZul, Prelude, ParamX in {
       }
     } ;
 
-    -- PredetNP, PPartNP, AdvNP, ExtAdvNP : not implemented
+    -- PredetNP, PPartNP, ExtAdvNP : not implemented
+
+    AdvNP np adv = {
+      empty = np.empty ;
+      s = \\nform => np.s!nform ++ adv.s ;
+      agr = np.agr ;
+      i = np.i ;
+      proDrop = False ; -- probably right?
+      isPron = np.isPron ;
+      heavy = True
+    } ;
 
     -- TODO: refactor
     RelNP np rs = {
diff --git a/src/zulu/PChunkZul.gf b/src/zulu/PChunkZul.gf
index 356c5c8e..70df6955 100644
--- a/src/zulu/PChunkZul.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/PChunkZul.gf
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ concrete PChunkZul of PChunk = CatZul, CatExtZul, SymbolZul [Symb] **
   lincat
     Chunks = {s : Str} ;
     Chunk = {s : Str};
-    Chunk_AP, Chunk_Adv, Chunk_S, Chunk_RS, Chunk_QS, Chunk_CN, Chunk_NP, Chunk_N, Chunk_Symb = {s: Str} ;
+    Chunk_Phr, Chunk_AP, Chunk_Adv, Chunk_Imp, Chunk_S, Chunk_RS, Chunk_QS, Chunk_CN, Chunk_NP, Chunk_N, Chunk_Symb = {s: Str} ;
 
     VC = V ;
 
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ concrete PChunkZul of PChunk = CatZul, CatExtZul, SymbolZul [Symb] **
     PlusChunk c cs = cc2 c cs ;
     ChunkPhr c = ss ("*" ++ c.s) | c ;
 
+    Phr_Chunker c = c ;
     Adv_Chunker c = c ;
+    Imp_Chunker c = c ;
     S_Chunker c = c ;
     RS_Chunker c = c ;
     QS_Chunker c = c ;
@@ -26,7 +28,9 @@ concrete PChunkZul of PChunk = CatZul, CatExtZul, SymbolZul [Symb] **
     Postdet_Chunker c = c ;
     Symb_Chunker c = c ;
 
+    Phr_Chunk p = {s = p.s } ;
     Adv_Chunk a = { s = a.s } ;
+    Imp_Chunk i = { s = variants { i.s!Pos ; i.s!Neg} } ;
     S_Chunk s = { s = s.s } ;
     RS_Chunk rs = { s = rs.s!agr_vars } ;
     QS_Chunk s = { s = s.qword_pre ++ s.s ++ s.qword_post } ;
@@ -39,7 +43,8 @@ concrete PChunkZul of PChunk = CatZul, CatExtZul, SymbolZul [Symb] **
     NP_Nom_Chunk np = {
       s = variants {
           np.s!NFull ;
-          np.s!NReduced
+          np.s!NReduced ;
+          np.s!NLoc
       }
     } ;
     NP_Gen_Chunk np = {
diff --git a/src/zulu/ParadigmsZul.gf b/src/zulu/ParadigmsZul.gf
index ede55915..2ea7b1af 100755
--- a/src/zulu/ParadigmsZul.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/ParadigmsZul.gf
@@ -72,12 +72,13 @@ resource ParadigmsZul = open
 oper
   mkN = overload {
     mkN : (ngane : Str) -> ClassGender -> N  = \n,c -> lin N (regNoun n c) ;   -- "thing" nouns
+    mkN : (khaya, khaya : Str) -> ClassGender -> N  = \n,n2,c -> lin N (mkELocN n c) ;   -- "thing" nouns
     mkN : (nyaka,onyakeni,eminyakeni : Str) -> ClassGender -> N = \n,ls,lp,c -> lin N (semiRegNoun n ls lp c) ;
     mkN : (iso,amehlo,esweni,emehlweni : Str) -> ClassGender -> N = \ns,np,ls,lp,c -> lin N (mkNoun ns np ls lp c) ;
   } ;
 
   mkPN = overload {
-    mkPN : (John : Str) -> N  = \n -> lin N (regNoun n C1a_2a) ;   
+    mkPN : (John : Str) -> N  = \n -> lin N (regNoun n C1a_2a) ;
     mkPN : (John : Str) -> ClassGender -> N  = \n,c -> lin N (regNoun n c) ;   -- "thing" nouns
     mkPN : (nyaka,onyakeni,eminyakeni : Str) -> ClassGender -> N = \n,ls,lp,c -> lin N (semiRegNoun n ls lp c) ;
     mkPN : (iso,amehlo,esweni,emehlweni : Str) -> ClassGender -> N = \ns,np,ls,lp,c -> lin N (mkNoun ns np ls lp c) ;
diff --git a/src/zulu/PhraseExtZul.gf b/src/zulu/PhraseExtZul.gf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9f7998dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/zulu/PhraseExtZul.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+concrete PhraseExtZul of PhraseExt = CatZul,CatExtZul ** open ResZul, Prelude, ParamX in {
+
+  lin
+    DirectSpeech phr t v np = {
+      s = let
+        vform = case t.t of {
+          PastTense => v.s!R_e ;
+          PresTense => v.s!R_a ;
+          _ => v.s!R_a ++ "*"
+        } ;
+      in
+        phr.s ++ "ku" ++ BIND ++ vform ++ np.s!NFull ++ t.s
+    } ;
+
+    ExtPhrConj p1 p2 = {
+      s = p1.s ++ p2.s
+    } ;
+
+}
diff --git a/src/zulu/PhraseZul.gf b/src/zulu/PhraseZul.gf
index 7e48ec58..51f2d96f 100755
--- a/src/zulu/PhraseZul.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/PhraseZul.gf
@@ -23,6 +23,6 @@ concrete PhraseZul of Phrase = CatZul ** open Prelude, ResZul in {
   --   PConjConj conj = {s = conj.s2} ; ---
 
     NoVoc = {s = []} ;
-  --   VocNP np = {s = frontComma ++ np.s ! npNom} ;
+    VocNP np = {s = np.s ! NReduced } ;
 
 }
diff --git a/src/zulu/ResZul.gf b/src/zulu/ResZul.gf
index f41b7d53..e2ab9e44 100755
--- a/src/zulu/ResZul.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/ResZul.gf
@@ -48,16 +48,28 @@ resource ResZul = open Prelude,Predef,ParamX in {
 
     prefix_nasal : Str -> Str = \r -> case r of {
       "ph"+x => "mp" + x ;
+      "Ph"+x => "mP" + x ;
       "bh"+x => "mb" + x ;
-      #nasal_de_asp+"h"+x => "n"+(take 1 r) + x ;
+      "Bh"+x => "mB" + x ;
+      (#nasal_de_asp|#nasal_de_asp_cap)+"h"+x => "n"+(take 1 r) + x ;
       "hl"+x => "nhl"+x ;
+      "Hl"+x => "Nhl"+x ;
       "h"+x => "nk"+x ;
+      "H"+x => "Nk"+x ;
       "sh"+x => "ntsh"+x ;
+      "Sh"+x => "Ntsh"+x ;
       "l"+x => "nd"+x ;
+      "L"+x => "Nd"+x ;
       #nasal_m+x => "m"+r ;
+      #nasal_m_cap+x => "M"+r ;
       #nasal_ng+x => "ng"+r ;
+      #nasal_ng_cap+x => "Ng"+r ;
       #nasal+x => r ;
+      #nasal_cap+x => r ;
       "p"+x => "mp" + x ;
+      "P"+x => "Mp" + x ;
+      #vowel_cap+x => "N" + r ;
+      #cons_cap+x => "N" + r ;
       _ => "n"+r
     } ;
     --------------
@@ -892,49 +904,49 @@ resource ResZul = open Prelude,Predef,ParamX in {
       <C1a_2a,Sg> => "ku"+root ;
       <C1a_2a,Pl> => "ko"+root ;
       <C3_4,Sg> => case root of {
-        "m"+_ => "e"+root ;
+        ("m"|"M")+_ => "e"+root ;
         _ => "em"+root
       } ;
       <C3_4,Pl> => "emi"+root ;
       <C5_6,Sg> => case root of {
-        "i"+_ => "e" + (last root)  ;
-        #vowel+_ => "el" + root ;
+        ("i"|"I")+_ => "e" + (last root)  ;
+        (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "el" + root ;
         _ => "e"+root -- ili long form (not used?)
       } ;
       <C5_6,Pl> => case root of {
-        "i"+_ => "eme"+ (last root) ;
-        #vowel+_ => "em"+root ;
+        ("i"|"I")+_ => "eme"+ (last root) ;
+        (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "em"+root ;
         _ => "ema"+root
       } ; -- ame for roots starting with i
       <C7_8,Sg> => case root of {
-        #vowel+_ => "es"+root ;
+        (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "es"+root ;
         _ => "esi"+root
       } ; -- is for roots starting with vowel
       <C7_8,Pl> => case root of {
-        #vowel+_ => "ez"+root ;
+        (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "ez"+root ;
         _ => "ezi"+root  -- iz for roots starting with vowel
       } ;
       <C9_10,Sg> => "e"+(prefix_nasal root) ; -- em for labial, en for alveolar (TODO: does this correctly split options?)
       <C9_10,Pl> => "ezi"+(prefix_nasal root) ; -- izim for labial, izin for alveolar (TODO: does this correctly split options?)
       <C11_10,Sg> => case root of {
-        #vowel+_ => "olw" + root ;
-        "w"+_ => "ol"+root ;
+        (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "olw" + root ;
+        ("w"|"W")+_ => "ol"+root ;
         _ => "o"+root
       } ;
       <C11_10,Pl> => case root of {
-        #vowel+_ => "ezilw" + root ;
-        "w"+_ => "ezil" + root ;
+        (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "ezilw" + root ;
+        ("w"|"W")+_ => "ezil" + root ;
         _ => "ezi"+(prefix_nasal root)
       } ; -- izim for labial, izin for alveolar, izi(n|m)k for roots starting with kh
       <C9_6,Sg> => "e"+(prefix_nasal root) ; -- em for labial, en for alveolar (TODO: does this correctly split options?)
       <C9_6,Pl> => case root of {
-        "i"+_ => "eme"+root ;
+        ("i"|"I")+_ => "eme"+root ;
         _ => "ema"+root
       } ; -- ame for roots starting with i
       <C14,_> => "ebu"+root ;
       <C15,_> => case root of {
-        ("a"|"e")+_ => "ekw"+root ;
-        (#cons|"y")+_ => "eku"+root ;
+        ("a"|"e"|"A"|"E")+_ => "ekw"+root ;
+        (#cons|"y"|#cons_cap|"Y")+_ => "eku"+root ;
         _ => "ek"+root
         } ; -- ukw for roots starting with a/e, uk for roots starting with o
       <C17,_> => "eku"+root  -- sometimes ukw
@@ -970,74 +982,80 @@ resource ResZul = open Prelude,Predef,ParamX in {
     } ;
 
     vowel : pattern Str = #("a"|"e"|"i"|"o"|"u") ;
+    vowel_cap : pattern Str = #("A"|"E"|"I"|"O"|"U") ;
     cons : pattern Str = #("b"|"c"|"d"|"f"|"g"|"h"|"j"|"k"|"l"|"m"|"n"|"p"|"q"|"r"|"s"|"t"|"v"|"w"|"x"|"y"|"z") ;
+    cons_cap : pattern Str = #("B"|"C"|"D"|"F"|"G"|"H"|"J"|"K"|"L"|"M"|"N"|"P"|"Q"|"R"|"S"|"T"|"V"|"W"|"X"|"Y"|"Z") ;
     labial_cons : pattern Str = #("p"|"b"|"f"|"v"|"w") ;
     alveolar_cons : pattern Str = #("s"|"d"|"t"|"z") ;
     nasal_de_asp : pattern Str = #("t"|"k"|"x"|"c"|"q") ;
+    nasal_de_asp_cap : pattern Str = #("T"|"K"|"X"|"C"|"Q") ;
     nasal_m : pattern Str = #("v"|"f"|"b") ;
+    nasal_m_cap : pattern Str = #("V"|"F"|"B") ;
     nasal_ng : pattern Str = #("x"|"c"|"q") ;
+    nasal_ng_cap : pattern Str = #("X"|"C"|"Q") ;
     nasal : pattern Str = #("n"|"m") ;
+    nasal_cap : pattern Str = #("N"|"M") ;
 
     nomNoun : Str -> Number -> ClassGender -> Str = \root,n,cg ->
       case <cg,n> of
       {
         <C1_2,Sg> => case root of {
-          #vowel+_ => "um"+root ;
+          (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "um"+root ;
           _+#cons+#vowel+#cons+_+#vowel+_ => "um"+root ;
           _ => "umu"+root
         } ; -- umu for single syllables, um for the rest
         <C1_2,Pl> => case root of {
-          #vowel+_ => "ab"+root ;
+          (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "ab"+root ;
           _ => "aba"+root  -- abe for tribes or guilds
         } ;
         <C1a_2a,Sg> => "u"+root ;
         <C1a_2a,Pl> => "o"+root ;
         <C3_4,Sg> => case root of {
-          "m"+_+#vowel+#cons+_+#vowel+_ => "u"+root ;
+          ("m"|"M")+_+#vowel+#cons+_+#vowel+_ => "u"+root ;
           _+(#cons|"y")+#vowel+#cons+_+#vowel+_ => "um"+root ;
-          "o"+_ => "um"+root ;
+          ("o"|"O")+_ => "um"+root ;
           _ => "umu"+root
         } ; -- umu for single syllables, um for the rest
         <C3_4,Pl> => "imi"+root ;
         <C5_6,Sg> => case root of {
-          "i"+_ => root ;
-          #vowel+_ => "il"+root ;
+          ("i"|"I")+_ => root ;
+          (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "il"+root ;
           _ => "i"+root  -- ili long form (not used?)
         } ;
         <C5_6,Pl> => case root of {
-          "i"+_ => "ame"+(drop 1 root) ;
-          #vowel+_ => "am"+root ;
+          ("i"|"I")+_ => "ame"+(drop 1 root) ;
+          (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "am"+root ;
           _ => "ama"+root
         } ; -- ame for roots starting with i
         <C7_8,Sg> => case root of {
-          #vowel+_ => "is"+root ;
+          (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "is"+root ;
           _ => "isi"+root
         } ; -- is for roots starting with vowel
         <C7_8,Pl> => case root of {
-          #vowel+_ => "iz"+root ;
+          (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "iz"+root ;
           _ => "izi" + root
         } ;
         <C9_10,Sg> => "i" + prefix_nasal root ;
         <C9_10,Pl> => "izi" + prefix_nasal root ;
         <C11_10,Sg> => case root of {
-          #vowel+_ => "ulw"+root ;
-          "w"+_ => "ul"+root ;
+          (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "ulw"+root ;
+          ("w"|"W")+_ => "ul"+root ;
           _ => "u"+root
         } ;
         <C11_10,Pl> => case root of {
-          #vowel+_ => "izilw"+root ;
-          "w"+_ => "izil"+root ;
+          (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "izilw"+root ;
+          ("w"|"W")+_ => "izil"+root ;
           _ => "izi" + prefix_nasal root
         } ;
         <C9_6,Sg> => "i" + prefix_nasal root ;
         <C9_6,Pl> => case root of {
-          "i"+_ => "ame"+root ;
+          ("i"|"I")+_ => "ame"+root ;
           _ => "ama"+root
         } ; -- ame for roots starting with i
         <C14,_> => "ubu"+root ;
         <C15,_> => case root of {
-          ("a"|"e")+_ => "ukw"+root ;
-          (#cons|"y")+_ => "uku"+root ;
+          ("a"|"e"|"A"|"E")+_ => "ukw"+root ;
+          (#cons|#cons_cap|"y"|"Y")+_ => "uku"+root ;
           _ => "uk"+root
         } ; -- ukw for roots starting with a/e, uk for roots starting with o
         <C17,_> => "uku"+root  -- sometimes ukw
@@ -1047,65 +1065,66 @@ resource ResZul = open Prelude,Predef,ParamX in {
         case <cg,n> of
         {
           <C1_2,Sg> => case root of {
-            #vowel+_ => "kum"+root ;
+            (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "kum"+root ;
             _+#cons+#vowel+#cons+_+#vowel+_ => "kum"+root ;
             _ => "kumu"+root
           } ; -- umu for single syllables, um for the rest
           <C1_2,Pl> => case root of {
-            #vowel+_ => "kub"+root ;
+            (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "kub"+root ;
             _ => "kuba"+root -- abe for tribes or guilds
           } ;
           <C1a_2a,Sg> => "ku"+root ;
           <C1a_2a,Pl> => "ko"+root ;
           <C3_4,Sg> => case root of {
-            "m"+_ => "e"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
+            ("m"|"M")+_ => "e"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
             _ => "em"+(addLocSuffix root)
           } ;
           <C3_4,Pl> => "emi"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
           <C5_6,Sg> => case root of {
-            "i"+_ => "e"+(addLocSuffix (drop 1 root)) ;
-            #vowel+_ => "el"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
+            ("i"|"I")+_ => "e"+(addLocSuffix (drop 1 root)) ;
+            (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "el"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
             _ => "e"+(addLocSuffix root) -- ili long form (not used?)
           } ;
           <C5_6,Pl> => case root of {
-            "i"+_ => "eme"+(addLocSuffix (drop 1 root)) ;
-            #vowel+_ => "em"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
+            ("i"|"I")+_ => "eme"+(addLocSuffix (drop 1 root)) ;
+            (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "em"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
             _ => "ema"+(addLocSuffix root)
           } ; -- ame for roots starting with i
           <C7_8,Sg> => case root of {
-            #vowel+_ => "es"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
+            (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "es"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
             _ => "esi"+(addLocSuffix root)
           } ; -- is for roots starting with vowel
           <C7_8,Pl> => case root of {
-            #vowel+_ => "ez"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
+            (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "ez"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
             _ => "ezi"+(addLocSuffix root)  -- iz for roots starting with vowel
           } ;
           <C9_10,Sg> => "e"+(addLocSuffix (prefix_nasal root)) ; -- em for labial, en for alveolar (TODO: does this correctly split options?)
           <C9_10,Pl> => "ezi"+(addLocSuffix (prefix_nasal root)) ; -- izim for labial, izin for alveolar (TODO: does this correctly split options?)
           <C11_10,Sg> => case root of {
-            #vowel+_ => "olw"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
-            "w"+_ => "ol"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
+            (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "olw"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
+            ("w"|"W")+_ => "ol"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
             _ => "o"+(addLocSuffix root)
           } ;
           <C11_10,Pl> => case root of {
-            #vowel+_ => "ezilw"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
-            "w"+_ => "ezil"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
+            (#vowel|#vowel_cap)+_ => "ezilw"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
+            ("w"|"W")+_ => "ezil"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
             _ => "ezi"+(addLocSuffix (prefix_nasal root)) -- izim for labial, izin for alveolar, izi(n|m)k for roots starting with kh
           } ;
           <C9_6,Sg> => "e"+(addLocSuffix (prefix_nasal root)) ; -- em for labial, en for alveolar (TODO: does this correctly split options?)
           <C9_6,Pl> => case root of {
-            "i"+_ => "eme"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
+            ("i"|"I")+_ => "eme"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
             _ => "ema"+(addLocSuffix root)
           } ; -- ame for roots starting with i
           <C14,_> => "ebu"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
           <C15,_> => case root of {
-            ("a"|"e")+_ => "ekw"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
-            (#cons|"y")+_ => "eku"+root ;
+            ("a"|"e"|"A"|"E")+_ => "ekw"+(addLocSuffix root) ;
+            (#cons|"y"|#cons_cap|"Y")+_ => "eku"+root ;
             _ => "ek"+(addLocSuffix root)
             } ; -- ukw for roots starting with a/e, uk for roots starting with o
           <C17,_> => "eku"+(addLocSuffix root)  -- sometimes ukw
         } ;
 
+
       locS : Agr => Str = table {
         Third C1_2 _ => [] ;
         Third C1a_2a _ => [] ;
diff --git a/src/zulu/SentenceZul.gf b/src/zulu/SentenceZul.gf
index 46b2ec70..385b4ebf 100755
--- a/src/zulu/SentenceZul.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/SentenceZul.gf
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ concrete SentenceZul of Sentence = CatZul ** open Prelude,ResZul,ParamX in {
 --       c2 = cl.c2
 --     } ;
 --
---     AdvS a s = {s = a.s ++ s.s} ;
+    AdvS a s = {s = a.s ++ s.s} ;
 --     ExtAdvS a s = {s = a.s ++ frontComma ++ s.s} ;
 --
 --     SSubjS a s b = {s = a.s ++ frontComma ++ s.s ++ b.s} ;
diff --git a/src/zulu/VerbExtZul.gf b/src/zulu/VerbExtZul.gf
index 75e718b2..884a3e8f 100644
--- a/src/zulu/VerbExtZul.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/VerbExtZul.gf
@@ -149,4 +149,52 @@ concrete VerbExtZul of VerbExt = CatZul,CatExtZul ** open ResZul, Prelude, Param
       vptype = CopLoc
     } ;
 
+    -- CopPoss np = {
+    --   s = table {
+    --     MainCl => \\a,p,t,l => let
+    --       vform = VFIndic MainCl p t ;
+    --       pcp = (id_pre_cop_pref vform a) ; -- u- / uzoba / akazukuba
+    --       cp = (id_cop_pref np.agr) ; -- ng-
+    --       cop_base = poss_concord_agr!(Third C17 Sg)!(nominit!np.agr) ++BIND++ np.s!NPoss -- utshani
+    --     in
+    --       pcp ++ cp ++ cop_base ;
+    --     RelCl => \\a,p,t,l => let
+    --       vform = VFIndic RelCl p t ;
+    --       rcp = (relConcCop vform a RC) ; -- o-
+    --       pcp = (id_pre_cop_pref vform a) ; -- [] / zoba / zukuba
+    --       cp = (id_cop_pref np.agr) ; -- ng-
+    --       cop_base = poss_concord_agr!(Third C17 Sg)!(nominit!np.agr) ++BIND++ np.s!NPoss -- utshani
+    --     in
+    --       rcp ++ pcp ++ cp ++ cop_base
+    --   } ;
+    --   comp, iadv, advs = [] ;
+    --   hasComp = np.heavy ;
+    --   r = RC ; -- should not be used
+    --   syl = SylMult ;
+    --   vptype = CopIdent
+    -- } ;
+
+    CopQuant qs = {
+      s = table {
+          MainCl => \\a,p,t,l => let
+            vform = VFIndic MainCl p t ;
+            pcp = ap_cop_pref vform a RelType ; -- u-
+            cop_base = qs.s!a -- qotho
+          in
+            pcp ++ cop_base ;
+          RelCl => \\a,p,t,l => let
+            vform = VFIndic RelCl p t ;
+            rcp = (relConcCop vform a RC) ; -- o-
+            pcp = ap_cop_pref vform a RelType ; -- [] / -nge- / zoba / -benge-
+            cop_base = qs.s!a -- qotho
+          in
+            rcp ++ pcp ++ cop_base
+      } ;
+      comp, iadv, advs = [] ;
+      hasComp = True ;
+      r = RC ; -- should not be used
+      syl = SylMult ;
+      vptype = CopDescr
+    } ;
+
 }
diff --git a/src/zulu/abstract_ext/ExtraExt.gf b/src/zulu/abstract_ext/ExtraExt.gf
index 6bf5c6ab..4da82a19 100755
--- a/src/zulu/abstract_ext/ExtraExt.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/abstract_ext/ExtraExt.gf
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ abstract ExtraExt =
     ProDrop : Pron -> Pron ;  -- unstressed subject pronoun becomes empty: "am tired"
 
   fun
+    ExistNP : NP -> S ;
+    GreetSg : Utt ;
+    GreetPl : Utt ;
     -- PotQS : Pol -> QCl -> QS ;
     -- SubjunctS : S -> Utt ;
 
diff --git a/src/zulu/abstract_ext/PChunk.gf b/src/zulu/abstract_ext/PChunk.gf
index 71814dd6..0322e99d 100644
--- a/src/zulu/abstract_ext/PChunk.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/abstract_ext/PChunk.gf
@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@ abstract PChunk = Cat, CatExt, Symbol [Symb] ** {
 cat
   Chunks ;
   Chunk ;
+  Chunk_Phr ;
   Chunk_AP ;
   Chunk_Adv ;
+  Chunk_Imp ;
   Chunk_S ;
   Chunk_RS ;
   Chunk_QS ;
@@ -21,8 +23,10 @@ fun
   PlusChunk : Chunk -> Chunks -> Chunks ;
   ChunkPhr : Chunks -> Phr ;
 
+  Phr_Chunker : Chunk_Phr -> Chunk ;
   -- AP_Chunker : Chunk_AP -> Chunk ;
   Adv_Chunker : Chunk_Adv -> Chunk ;
+  Imp_Chunker : Chunk_Imp -> Chunk ;
   S_Chunker : Chunk_S -> Chunk ;
   RS_Chunker : Chunk_RS -> Chunk ;
   QS_Chunker : Chunk_QS -> Chunk ;
@@ -33,8 +37,10 @@ fun
   Postdet_Chunker : Chunk_Postdet -> Chunk ;
   Symb_Chunker : Chunk_Symb -> Chunk ;
 
+  Phr_Chunk : Phr -> Chunk_Phr ;
   -- AP_Chunk  : AP  -> Chunk_AP ;
   Adv_Chunk : Adv -> Chunk_Adv ;
+  Imp_Chunk : Imp -> Chunk_Imp ;
   S_Chunk      : S   -> Chunk_S ;
   RS_Chunk     : RS -> Chunk_RS ;
   QS_Chunk     : QS  -> Chunk_QS ;
diff --git a/src/zulu/abstract_ext/PhraseExt.gf b/src/zulu/abstract_ext/PhraseExt.gf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d662cb96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/zulu/abstract_ext/PhraseExt.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+abstract PhraseExt = Cat,CatExt ** {
+
+  fun
+
+    -- direct speech
+    DirectSpeech: Phr -> Temp -> V -> NP -> Phr ;
+    ExtPhrConj : Phr -> Phr -> Phr ;
+}
diff --git a/src/zulu/abstract_ext/VerbExt.gf b/src/zulu/abstract_ext/VerbExt.gf
index db4105e2..b20eed65 100644
--- a/src/zulu/abstract_ext/VerbExt.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/abstract_ext/VerbExt.gf
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ abstract VerbExt = Cat,CatExt ** {
     CopNPAssoc : NP -> VP ;
     CopLoc : Loc -> VP ;
 
+    -- CopPoss : NP -> VP ;
+    CopQuant : QuantStem -> VP ;
+
     -- BecomeAP : AP -> VP ;
     -- BecomeNP : NP -> VP ;
     -- BecomeNPAssoc : NP -> VP ;
diff --git a/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniChunk.gf b/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniChunk.gf
index c7095cbb..a3ffef7a 100755
--- a/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniChunk.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniChunk.gf
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ abstract NguniChunk =
   ExtraExt,
   NounExt,
   VerbExt,
+  PhraseExt,
   -- MonoLexAbs,
   PChunk,
   Symbol - [Symb]
diff --git a/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniChunkZul.gf b/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniChunkZul.gf
index 0270a622..f92e537d 100755
--- a/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniChunkZul.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniChunkZul.gf
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ concrete NguniChunkZul of NguniChunk =
   ExtraExtZul,
   NounExtZul,
   VerbExtZul,
+  PhraseExtZul,
   -- MonoLexZul,
   PChunkZul,
   SymbolZul - [Symb]
diff --git a/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniGrammar.gf b/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniGrammar.gf
index b09542b0..82dc0079 100755
--- a/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniGrammar.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniGrammar.gf
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 -- All functions are explicitly inherited, in order to allow useful probabilities
 
 abstract NguniGrammar =
-  Noun [DetCN, UsePron, DetQuant, NumSg, NumPl, UseN, AdjCN, RelCN, PossNP,UsePN, RelNP, PredetNP], -- MassNP,AdvCN, AdvNP,
+  Noun [DetCN, UsePron, DetQuant, NumSg, NumPl, UseN, AdjCN, RelCN, PossNP,UsePN, RelNP, PredetNP,AdvNP], -- MassNP,AdvCN, AdvNP,
   Verb [UseV, ComplVS, ComplVA, SlashV2a, UseComp, AdvVP, CompAP, CompNP, CompAdv, ComplSlash],
   Adjective [PositA, AdAP],
   Adverb [PositAdvAdj, SubjS],
   -- Numeral,
-  Sentence [PredVP, ImpVP, UseCl, UseQCl, UseRCl],
+  Sentence [PredVP, ImpVP, UseCl, UseQCl, UseRCl,AdvS],
   Question [QuestCl, QuestIAdv, QuestIComp],
   Relative [RelVP, IdRP],
   -- Conjunction,
-  Phrase [PhrUtt, UttS, UttQS, UttImpSg, NoPConj, NoVoc],
+  Phrase [PhrUtt, UttS, UttQS, UttImpSg, NoPConj, NoVoc, VocNP],
   Text - [Temp,Adv,IAdv],
   Structural [and_Conj,how_IAdv,how8much_IAdv,i_Pron,youSg_Pron,he_Pron,she_Pron,we_Pron,youPl_Pron,they_Pron,this_Quant,that_Quant,all_Predet,only_Predet,very_AdA],
   -- Idiom,
diff --git a/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniGrammarZul.gf b/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniGrammarZul.gf
index 0e6b55f1..6ce18bac 100755
--- a/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniGrammarZul.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniGrammarZul.gf
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 -- All functions are explicitly inherited, in order to allow useful probabilities
 
 concrete NguniGrammarZul of NguniGrammar =
-  NounZul [DetCN, UsePron, DetQuant, NumSg, NumPl, UseN, AdjCN, RelCN, PossNP,UsePN, RelNP, PredetNP], -- MassNP, AdvCN,AdvNP,
+  NounZul [DetCN, UsePron, DetQuant, NumSg, NumPl, UseN, AdjCN, RelCN, PossNP,UsePN, RelNP, PredetNP,AdvNP], -- MassNP, AdvCN,AdvNP,
   VerbZul [UseV, ComplVS, ComplVA, SlashV2a, UseComp, AdvVP, CompAP, CompNP, CompAdv, ComplSlash],
   AdjectiveZul [PositA, AdAP],
   AdverbZul [PositAdvAdj, SubjS],
   -- Numeral,
-  SentenceZul [PredVP, ImpVP, UseCl, UseQCl, UseRCl],
+  SentenceZul [PredVP, ImpVP, UseCl, UseQCl, UseRCl,AdvS],
   QuestionZul [QuestCl, QuestIAdv, QuestIComp],
   RelativeZul [RelVP, IdRP],
   -- ConjunctionZul,
-  PhraseZul [PhrUtt, UttS, UttQS, UttImpSg, NoPConj, NoVoc],
+  PhraseZul [PhrUtt, UttS, UttQS, UttImpSg, NoPConj, NoVoc, VocNP],
   TextX - [Temp,Adv,IAdv],
   StructuralZul [and_Conj,how_IAdv,how8much_IAdv,i_Pron,youSg_Pron,he_Pron,she_Pron,we_Pron,youPl_Pron,they_Pron,this_Quant,that_Quant,all_Predet,only_Predet,very_AdA],
   -- Idiom,
diff --git a/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniLang.gf b/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniLang.gf
index 955f9996..284e15a6 100755
--- a/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniLang.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniLang.gf
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ abstract NguniLang =
   Backward[ComplV2,ComplV3],
   ExtraExt,
   NounExt,
-  VerbExt
+  VerbExt,
+  PhraseExt
   -- MonoLexAbs,
   -- Chunk
   -- Symbol - [Symb],
diff --git a/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniLangZul.gf b/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniLangZul.gf
index d0619600..64f0b254 100755
--- a/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniLangZul.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/grammar_ext/NguniLangZul.gf
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ concrete NguniLangZul of NguniLang =
   BackwardZul[ComplV2,ComplV3],
   ExtraExtZul,
   NounExtZul,
-  VerbExtZul
+  VerbExtZul,
+  PhraseExtZul
   -- MonoLexZul,
   -- ChunkZul,
   -- SymbolZul - [Symb],
diff --git a/src/zulu/lexica/MonoLex.gf b/src/zulu/lexica/MonoLex.gf
index cbce159d..6eb8647a 100755
--- a/src/zulu/lexica/MonoLex.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/lexica/MonoLex.gf
@@ -5114,6 +5114,7 @@ zozo_1a_2a_N : N ;
 zuka_1a_2a_N : N ;
 zulu_1a_2a_N : N ;
 zwa_1a_2a_N : N ;
+zwekazi_5_6_N : N ;
 zwelonke_1a_2a_N : N ;
 
    -- verb roots
diff --git a/src/zulu/lexica/MonoLexZul.gf b/src/zulu/lexica/MonoLexZul.gf
index 66b6fe7a..5a386e5e 100755
--- a/src/zulu/lexica/MonoLexZul.gf
+++ b/src/zulu/lexica/MonoLexZul.gf
@@ -5115,6 +5115,7 @@ zuka_1a_2a_N = mkN "zuka" C1a_2a ;
 zulu_1a_2a_N = mkN "zulu" C1a_2a ;
 zwa_1a_2a_N = mkN "zwa" C1a_2a ;
 zwelonke_1a_2a_N = mkN "zwelonke" C1a_2a ;
+zwekazi_5_6_N = mkN "zwekazi" C5_6 ;
 
    -- verb roots
    ab_V = mkV "ab" ;