-- Restrictive relative clauses (RelCN) -- Saeed p. 213 -- LangEng: the books that the men buy LangSom: buugaag BIND ta niman BIND ku iibsadaan Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttNP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (RelCN (UseN book_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelSlash IdRP (SlashVP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (UseN man_N)) (SlashV2a buy_V2))))))) NoVoc -- LangEng: the books that the man doesn't buy LangSom: buugaag BIND ta nin BIND ku aan iibsado Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttNP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (RelCN (UseN book_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PNeg (RelSlash IdRP (SlashVP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (UseN man_N)) (SlashV2a buy_V2))))))) NoVoc -- LangEng: the men that buy the books LangSom: niman BIND ka buugaag BIND ta iibsada Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttNP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (RelCN (UseN man_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelVP IdRP (ComplSlash (SlashV2a buy_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (UseN book_N)))))))) NoVoc -- LangEng: the men that don't buy the books LangSom: niman BIND ka aan buugaag BIND ta iibsado Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttNP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (RelCN (UseN man_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PNeg (RelVP IdRP (ComplSlash (SlashV2a buy_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (UseN book_N)))))))) NoVoc -- LangEng: the men that buy the books are these LangSom: niman BIND ka buugaag BIND ta iibsadaa waa kuwan Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (RelCN (UseN man_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelVP IdRP (ComplSlash (SlashV2a buy_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (UseN book_N))))))) (UseComp (CompNP (DetNP (DetQuant this_Quant NumPl))))))) NoVoc -- LangEng: the men that don't buy the books are these LangSom: niman BIND ka aan buugaag BIND ta iibsado waa kuwan Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (RelCN (UseN man_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PNeg (RelVP IdRP (ComplSlash (SlashV2a buy_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (UseN book_N))))))) (UseComp (CompNP (DetNP (DetQuant this_Quant NumPl))))))) NoVoc -- LangEng: the books that the men buy are these LangSom: buugaag BIND ta niman BIND ku iibsadaan waa kuwan Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (RelCN (UseN book_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelSlash IdRP (SlashVP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (UseN man_N)) (SlashV2a buy_V2)))))) (UseComp (CompNP (DetNP (DetQuant this_Quant NumPl))))))) NoVoc -- LangEng: the books that the men don't buy are these LangSom: buugaag BIND ta niman BIND ku aan iibsadaan waa kuwan Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (RelCN (UseN book_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PNeg (RelSlash IdRP (SlashVP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (UseN man_N)) (SlashV2a buy_V2)))))) (UseComp (CompNP (DetNP (DetQuant this_Quant NumPl))))))) NoVoc -- LangEng: the books that the man doesn't buy are these LangSom: buugaag BIND ta nin BIND ku aan iibsado waa kuwan Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (RelCN (UseN book_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PNeg (RelSlash IdRP (SlashVP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (UseN man_N)) (SlashV2a buy_V2)))))) (UseComp (CompNP (DetNP (DetQuant this_Quant NumPl))))))) NoVoc -- With a verb that takes a preposition -- LangEng: the woman that you taught LangSom: naag BIND ta aad ku bartay Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttNP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (RelCN (UseN woman_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPast ASimul) PPos (RelSlash IdRP (SlashVP (UsePron youSg_Pron) (SlashV2a teach_V2))))))) NoVoc -- Combine with passive -- LangEng: the woman that was taught LangSom: naag BIND ta lagu baray Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttNP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (RelCN (UseN woman_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPast ASimul) PPos (RelVP IdRP (PassV2 teach_V2)))))) NoVoc -- Negative forms -- LangEng: sheep that aren't black don't see you LangSom: lax aan madow aha ku BIND ma arkaan Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PNeg (PredVP (DetCN (DetQuant IndefArt NumPl) (RelCN (UseN sheep_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PNeg (RelVP IdRP (UseComp (CompAP (PositA black_A))))))) (ComplSlash (SlashV2a see_V2) (UsePron youPol_Pron))))) NoVoc -- LangEng: you don't see sheep that aren't black LangSom: laxo aan madow ahayni ma aragto Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PNeg (PredVP (UsePron youPol_Pron) (ComplSlash (SlashV2a see_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant IndefArt NumPl) (RelCN (UseN sheep_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PNeg (RelVP IdRP (UseComp (CompAP (PositA black_A))))))))))) NoVoc -- Appositive relative clauses (RelNP) -- LangEng: he , that the men see LangSom: isaga oo niman BIND ku arkaan Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttNP (RelNP (UsePron he_Pron) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelSlash IdRP (SlashVP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (UseN man_N)) (SlashV2a see_V2)))))) NoVoc -- LangEng: he , that sees the men LangSom: isaga oo niman BIND ka arka Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttNP (RelNP (UsePron he_Pron) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelVP IdRP (ComplSlash (SlashV2a see_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (UseN man_N))))))) NoVoc -- LangEng: he , that the men see , is this LangSom: isagu oo niman BIND ku arkaan waa kan Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (RelNP (UsePron he_Pron) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelSlash IdRP (SlashVP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (UseN man_N)) (SlashV2a see_V2))))) (UseComp (CompNP (DetNP (DetQuant this_Quant NumSg))))))) NoVoc --LangEng: he , that sees the men , is this LangSom: isagu oo niman BIND ka arkaa waa kan Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (RelNP (UsePron he_Pron) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelVP IdRP (ComplSlash (SlashV2a see_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumPl) (UseN man_N)))))) (UseComp (CompNP (DetNP (DetQuant this_Quant NumSg))))))) NoVoc -- Question clauses -- LangEng: who wants to go -- subject pronoun not included, because who is a subject. STM merged to pron. LangSom: yaa rabaa in uu tago Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttQS (UseQCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (QuestVP whoSg_IP (ComplVV want_VV (UseV go_V))))) NoVoc -- to whom did mother give the meat -- subject pronoun 'ay' included, because whom is an object. STM merged. LangSom: yaa ay siisey hooyo hilib BIND ka Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttQS (UseQCl (TTAnt TPast ASimul) PPos (QuestSlash whoSg_IP (SlashVP (MassNP (UseN2 mother_N2)) (Slash3V3 give_V3 (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (UseN meat_N))))))) NoVoc -- LangEng: which cat teaches him -- subject pronoun not included, STM not merged. LangSom: bisad BIND dee baa ku bartaa Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttQS (UseQCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (QuestVP (IdetCN (IdetQuant which_IQuant NumSg) (UseN cat_N)) (ComplSlash (SlashV2a teach_V2) (UsePron he_Pron))))) NoVoc -- LangEng: which woman did you see -- subject pronoun included, STM not merged. LangSom: naag BIND tee baa aad aragtay Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttQS (UseQCl (TTAnt TPast ASimul) PPos (QuestSlash (IdetCN (IdetQuant which_IQuant NumSg) (UseN woman_N)) (SlashVP (UsePron youSg_Pron) (SlashV2a see_V2))))) NoVoc -- LangEng: where did you go -- subject pronoun included, because IAdv xaggee 'where' is fronted and aad 'you' is subject. STM not merged. LangSom: xaggee baa aad tagtay Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttQS (UseQCl (TTAnt TPast ASimul) PPos (QuestIAdv where_IAdv (PredVP (UsePron youSg_Pron) (UseV go_V))))) NoVoc -- LangEng: why did you go -- subject pronoun included, STM merged. LangSom: maxaa aad u tagtay Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttQS (UseQCl (TTAnt TPast ASimul) PPos (QuestIAdv why_IAdv (PredVP (UsePron youSg_Pron) (UseV go_V))))) NoVoc -- Negative question -- TODO not implemented yet properly. Saeed p. 203 -- LangEng: why didn't you go LangSom: maxaa aad u tagi weydey Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttQS (UseQCl (TTAnt TPast ASimul) PNeg (QuestIAdv why_IAdv (PredVP (UsePron youSg_Pron) (UseV go_V))))) NoVoc --- Longer example, unsure about word order -- TODO check -- LangEng: how does your mother paint the house black LangSom: sidee baa ay hooya BIND daa madow u rinjiyeysaa guri BIND ga Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttQS (UseQCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (QuestIAdv how_IAdv (PredVP (DetCN (DetQuant (PossPron youSg_Pron) NumSg) (UseN2 mother_N2)) (ComplSlash (SlashV2A paint_V2A (PositA black_A)) (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (UseN house_N))))))) NoVoc -- Some examples from Nilsson, adjusted to the GF lexicon -- Maxaa ay u samaysay sidaas? Varför gjorde hon så? --LangEng: why did she eat the meat LangSom: maxaa ay u cuntay hilib BIND ka Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttQS (UseQCl (TTAnt TPast ASimul) PPos (QuestIAdv why_IAdv (PredVP (UsePron she_Pron) (ComplSlash (SlashV2a eat_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (UseN meat_N))))))) NoVoc -- Maxaa ay ahaa dharka cusub ee Faadumo loo iibiyay? Vad/Vilka var de nya kläder som man köpt åt Fadumo? TODO why is there subject pronoun here? --LangEng: what was the meat that was eaten LangSom: TODO Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttQS (UseQCl (TTAnt TPast ASimul) PPos (QuestVP whatSg_IP (UseComp (CompNP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (RelCN (UseN meat_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPast ASimul) PPos (RelVP IdRP (PassV2 eat_V2)))))))))) NoVoc