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787f9d10e8
are edited to allow for glued Prep+DefArt, using new categories NP',Det',Quant',
Predet',DAP'.
The previous NP.s : Case => Str*Str allows parsing
"in dem Meer" = in_Prep ++ (np.s ! Case).p1
"im Meer" = in_Prep ++ (np.s ! Case).p2,
but since only one of the strings of (np.s!Case) is used, the tree
contains a metavariable like ?2 (the grammar is "erasing"). (Similarly, if we used
NP.s : Case => Str and NP.s2 : Case => Str.)
To get rid of the metavariables, we have to choose BY A PARAMETER, say
NP.s : droppedDefArt? => Case => Str
Using np.a = Ag g n p, the preposition can select between preposition
alone or preposition with definite article (glued or not), via
Prep = {s : GenNum => Str ; s2 :Str ; c : Case ; isPrep : PrepType }
The combination is done in appPrepNP' and appPrep'. This is
independent of the number of glued Prep+DefArt. But LangGer compiles
now in 200s using 30% memory (without SlashV2VNP). Can AppPrepNP' (and
insertObjNP') be simplified?
159 lines
5.0 KiB
Plaintext
159 lines
5.0 KiB
Plaintext
--1 Noun: Nouns, noun phrases, and determiners
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abstract Noun' = Cat' ** {
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--2 Noun phrases
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-- The three main types of noun phrases are
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-- - common nouns with determiners
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-- - proper names
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-- - pronouns
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--
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--
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fun
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DetCN : Det' -> CN -> NP' ; -- the man
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UsePN : PN -> NP' ; -- John
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UsePron : Pron -> NP' ; -- he
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-- Pronouns are defined in the module [``Structural`` Structural.html].
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-- A noun phrase already formed can be modified by a $Predet$erminer.
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PredetNP : Predet' -> NP' -> NP' ; -- only the man
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-- A noun phrase can also be postmodified by the past participle of a
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-- verb, by an adverb, or by a relative clause
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PPartNP : NP' -> V2 -> NP' ; -- the man seen
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AdvNP : NP' -> Adv -> NP' ; -- Paris today
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ExtAdvNP: NP' -> Adv -> NP' ; -- boys, such as ..
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RelNP : NP' -> RS -> NP' ; -- Paris, which is here
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-- Determiners can form noun phrases directly.
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DetNP : Det' -> NP' ; -- these five
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--2 Determiners
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-- The determiner has a fine-grained structure, in which a 'nucleus'
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-- quantifier and an optional numeral can be discerned.
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DetQuant : Quant' -> Num -> Det' ; -- these five
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DetQuantOrd : Quant' -> Num -> Ord -> Det' ; -- these five best
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-- Whether the resulting determiner is singular or plural depends on the
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-- cardinal.
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-- All parts of the determiner can be empty, except $Quant$, which is
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-- the "kernel" of a determiner. It is, however, the $Num$ that determines
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-- the inherent number.
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NumSg : Num ; -- [no numeral, but marked as singular]
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NumPl : Num ; -- [no numeral, but marked as plural]
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NumCard : Card -> Num ; -- one/five [explicit numeral]
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-- $Card$ consists of either digits or numeral words.
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data
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NumDigits : Digits -> Card ; -- 51
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NumNumeral : Numeral -> Card ; -- fifty-one
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-- The construction of numerals is defined in [Numeral Numeral.html].
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-- A $Card$ can be modified by certain adverbs.
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fun
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AdNum : AdN -> Card -> Card ; -- almost 51
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-- An $Ord$ consists of either digits or numeral words.
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-- Also superlative forms of adjectives behave syntactically like ordinals.
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OrdDigits : Digits -> Ord ; -- 51st
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OrdNumeral : Numeral -> Ord ; -- fifty-first
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OrdSuperl : A -> Ord ; -- warmest
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-- One can combine a numeral and a superlative.
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OrdNumeralSuperl : Numeral -> A -> Ord ; -- third largest
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-- Definite and indefinite noun phrases are sometimes realized as
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-- neatly distinct words (Spanish "un, unos ; el, los") but also without
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-- any particular word (Finnish; Swedish definites).
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DefArt : Quant'; -- the
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IndefArt : Quant' ; -- a/an
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-- Nouns can be used without an article as mass nouns. The resource does
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-- not distinguish mass nouns from other common nouns, which can result
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-- in semantically odd expressions.
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MassNP : CN -> NP' ; -- (beer)
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-- Pronouns have possessive forms. Genitives of other kinds
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-- of noun phrases are not given here, since they are not possible
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-- in e.g. Romance languages. They can be found in $Extra$ modules.
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PossPron : Pron -> Quant' ; -- my (house)
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-- Other determiners are defined in [Structural Structural.html].
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--2 Common nouns
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-- Simple nouns can be used as nouns outright.
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UseN : N -> CN ; -- house
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-- Relational nouns take one or two arguments.
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ComplN2 : N2 -> NP' -> CN ; -- mother of the king
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ComplN3 : N3 -> NP' -> N2 ; -- distance from this city (to Paris)
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-- Relational nouns can also be used without their arguments.
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-- The semantics is typically derivative of the relational meaning.
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UseN2 : N2 -> CN ; -- mother
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Use2N3 : N3 -> N2 ; -- distance (from this city)
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Use3N3 : N3 -> N2 ; -- distance (to Paris)
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-- Nouns can be modified by adjectives, relative clauses, and adverbs
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-- (the last rule will give rise to many 'PP attachment' ambiguities
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-- when used in connection with verb phrases).
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AdjCN : AP -> CN -> CN ; -- big house
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RelCN : CN -> RS -> CN ; -- house that John bought
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AdvCN : CN -> Adv -> CN ; -- house on the hill
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-- Nouns can also be modified by embedded sentences and questions.
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-- For some nouns this makes little sense, but we leave this for applications
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-- to decide. Sentential complements are defined in [Verb Verb.html].
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SentCN : CN -> SC -> CN ; -- question where she sleeps
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--2 Apposition
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-- This is certainly overgenerating.
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ApposCN : CN -> NP' -> CN ; -- city Paris (, numbers x and y)
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--2 Possessive and partitive constructs
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-- (New 13/3/2013 AR; Structural.possess_Prep and part_Prep should be deprecated in favour of these.)
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PossNP : CN -> NP' -> CN ; -- house of Paris, house of mine
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PartNP : CN -> NP' -> CN ; -- glass of wine
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-- This is different from the partitive, as shown by many languages.
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CountNP : Det' -> NP' -> NP' ; -- three of them, some of the boys
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--3 Conjoinable determiners and ones with adjectives
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AdjDAP : DAP' -> AP -> DAP' ; -- the large (one)
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DetDAP : Det' -> DAP' ; -- this (or that)
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}
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