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# GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words

AR 21/11/2003

Here we have some words belonging to closed classes and appearing in all languages we have considered. Sometimes they are not really meaningful, e.g. `TheyNP` in French should really be replaced by masculine and feminine variants.

      abstract Structural = Combinations ** {

      fun

## Determiners and noun phrases

Many plural determiners can take a numeral modifier. So can the plural pronouns we and you.

        EveryDet, WhichDet, AllMassDet,             -- every, sg which, sg all
        SomeDet, AnyDet, NoDet,                     -- sg some, any, no
        MostDet, MostsDet, ManyDet, MuchDet : Det ; -- sg most, pl most, many, much
        ThisDet, ThatDet : Det ;                    -- this, that

        AllNumDet, WhichNumDet,                     -- pl all, which (86)
        SomeNumDet, AnyNumDet, NoNumDet,            -- pl some, any, no
        TheseNumDet, ThoseNumDet : Num -> Det ;     -- these, those (86)

        ThisNP, ThatNP : NP ;                       -- this, that
        TheseNumNP, ThoseNumNP : Num -> NP ;        -- these, those (86)
        INP, ThouNP, HeNP, SheNP, ItNP : NP ;       -- personal pronouns in singular
        WeNumNP, YeNumNP : Num -> NP ;              -- these pronouns can take numeral
        TheyNP : NP ; YouNP : NP ;                  -- they, the polite you

        EverybodyNP, SomebodyNP, NobodyNP,          -- everybody, somebody, nobody
        EverythingNP, SomethingNP, NothingNP : NP ; -- everything, something, nothing

## Auxiliary verbs

Depending on language, all, some, or none of there verbs belong to a separate class of auxiliary verbs. The list is incomplete.

        CanVV, CanKnowVV, MustVV : VV ;             -- can (pouvoir,savoir), must
        WantVV : VV ;                               -- want (to do)

## Adverbials

        WhenIAdv,WhereIAdv,WhyIAdv,HowIAdv : IAdv ; -- when, where, why, how
        EverywhereNP, SomewhereNP,NowhereNP : AdV ; -- everywhere, somewhere, nowhere
        VeryAdv, TooAdv : AdA ;                     -- very, too
        AlmostAdv, QuiteAdv : AdA ;                 -- almost, quite
        OtherwiseAdv, ThereforeAdv : AdS ;          -- therefore, otherwise

## Conjunctions and subjunctions

        AndConj, OrConj : Conj ;                    -- and, or
        BothAnd, EitherOr, NeitherNor : ConjD ;     -- both-and, either-or, neither-nor
        IfSubj, WhenSubj, AlthoughSubj : Subj ;     -- if, when, although

## Prepositions

We have chosen a set of semantic relations expressible by prepositions in some languages, by cases or postpositions in others. Complement uses of prepositions are not included, and should be treated by the use of many-place verbs, adjectives, and functions.

        InPrep, OnPrep, ToPrep, FromPrep,           -- spatial relations
        ThroughPrep, AbovePrep, UnderPrep,
        InFrontPrep, BehindPrep, BetweenPrep : Prep ;
        BeforePrep, DuringPrep, AfterPrep : Prep ;  -- temporal relations
        WithPrep, WithoutPrep, ByMeansPrep : Prep ; -- some other relations
        PossessPrep : Prep ;                        -- possessive/genitive
        PartPrep : Prep ;                           -- partitive "of" ("bottle of wine")
        AgentPrep : Prep ;                          -- agent "by" in passive constructions

## Affirmation and negation

The negative-positive (French si, German doch) is missing.

        PhrYes, PhrNo : Phr ;                       -- yes, no

      }