--# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../../prelude

----1 Catalan Lexical Paradigms
----
---- Aarne Ranta 2003
----
---- This is an API to the user of the resource grammar 
---- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
---- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
---- 
---- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
---- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$. 
----
---- The main difference with $MorphoCat.gf$ is that the types
---- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
---- had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather
---- than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms.
----
---- The structure of functions for each word class $C$ is the following:
---- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
---- regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function $mkC$, which serves as an
---- escape to construct the most irregular words of type $C$.
--
resource ParadigmsCat = 
  open 
    (Predef=Predef), 
    Prelude, 
    CommonRomance, 
    ResCat, 
    MorphoCat, 
    BeschCat,
    CatCat in {

 flags optimize=all ;
--
----2 Parameters 
----
---- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
--
oper
  Gender : Type ; 

  masculine : Gender ;
  feminine  : Gender ;

---- To abstract over number names, we define the following.
--
--  Number : Type ; 
--
--  singular : Number ;
--  plural   : Number ;
--
-- Prepositions used in many-argument functions are either strings
-- (including the 'accusative' empty string) or strings that
-- amalgamate with the following word (the 'genitive' "de" and the
-- 'dative' "a").

  Preposition : Type ;

  accusative : Preposition ;
  genitive   : Preposition ;
  dative     : Preposition ;

  mkPreposition : Str -> Preposition ;


--2 Nouns

-- Worst case: two forms (singular + plural),
-- and the gender.

    mkN  : (_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> N ;   -- uomo, uomini, masculine

-- The regular function takes the singular form and the gender,
-- and computes the plural and the gender by a heuristic. 
-- The heuristic says that the gender is feminine for nouns
-- ending with "a" or "z", and masculine for all other words.
-- Nouns ending with "a", "o", "e" have the plural with "s",
-- those ending with "z" have "ces" in plural; all other nouns
-- have "es" as plural ending. The accent is not dealt with.

    regN : Str -> N ;

-- To force a different gender, use one of the following functions.

    mascN : N -> N ;
    femN  : N -> N ;

--3 Compound nouns 
--
-- Some nouns are ones where the first part is inflected as a noun but
-- the second part is not inflected. e.g. "número de telèfon". 
-- They could be formed in syntax, but we give a shortcut here since
-- they are frequent in lexica.

    compN : N -> Str -> N ;


--3 Relational nouns 
-- 
-- Relational nouns ("filla de x") need a case and a preposition. 

  mkN2 : N -> Preposition -> N2 ;

-- The most common cases are the genitive "de" and the dative "a", 
-- with the empty preposition.

  deN2 : N -> N2 ;
  -- aN2  : N -> N2 ; s'usa ?

-- Three-place relational nouns ("la connexió de x a y") need two prepositions.

  mkN3 : N -> Preposition -> Preposition -> N3 ;


----3 Relational common noun phrases
----
---- In some cases, you may want to make a complex $CN$ into a
---- relational noun (e.g. "the old town hall of"). However, $N2$ and
---- $N3$ are purely lexical categories. But you can use the $AdvCN$
---- and $PrepNP$ constructions to build phrases like this.
--
---- 
--3 Proper names and noun phrases
--
-- Proper names need a string and a gender.

  mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ;          -- Joan

-- To form a noun phrase that can also be plural,
-- you can use the worst-case function.

  makeNP : Str -> Gender -> Number -> NP ; 

----2 Adjectives
--
---- Non-comparison one-place adjectives need five forms in the worst
---- case (masc and fem singular, masc plural, adverbial).
--
    mkA : (fort,forta,forts,fortes, fortament : Str) -> A ;
--
-- For regular adjectives, all other forms are derived from the
-- masculine singular. The types of adjectives that are recognized are
-- "alto", "fuerte", "util".

  regA : Str -> A ;

---- These functions create postfix adjectives. To switch
---- them to prefix ones (i.e. ones placed before the noun in
---- modification, as in "petite maison"), the following function is
---- provided.
--
    prefA : A -> A ;
--
----3 Two-place adjectives
----
---- Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
--
      mkA2 : A -> Preposition -> A2 ;
--
----3 Comparison adjectives 
--
---- Comparison adjectives are in the worst case put up from two
---- adjectives: the positive ("bueno"), and the comparative ("mejor"). 
--
    mkADeg : A -> A -> A ;
--
-- If comparison is formed by "més", as usual in Catalan,
-- the following pattern is used:

  compADeg : A -> A ;

---- The regular pattern is the same as $regA$ for plain adjectives, 
---- with comparison by "mas".
--
    regADeg : Str -> A ;
--
--
----2 Adverbs

-- Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
-- after the verb. 

  mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;

---- Some appear next to the verb (e.g. "siempre").
--
    mkAdV : Str -> AdV ;
--
---- Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
--
    mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
--
--
--2 Verbs
--
-- Regular verbs are ones inflected like "cantar", "servir"/"dormir", or "perdre"/"treure".
-- The regular verb function is the first conjugation ("ar") recognizes
-- the variations corresponding to the patterns
-- "actuar, cazar, guiar, pagar, sacar". The module $BeschCat$ gives
-- the complete set of "Bescherelle" conjugations.

  regV : Str -> V ;

---- The module $BeschCat$ gives all the patterns of the "Bescherelle"
---- book. To use them in the category $V$, wrap them with the function

  verbV : Verbum -> V ;

---- To form reflexive verbs:
--
    reflV : V -> V ;
--
-- Verbs with a deviant passive participle: just give the participle
-- in masculine singular form as second argument.

  special_ppV : V -> Str -> V ; 

--3 Two-place verbs
--
-- Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
-- (transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the $V$.

  mkV2  : V -> Preposition -> V2 ;

  dirV2 : V -> V2 ;

---- You can reuse a $V2$ verb in $V$.
--
--  v2V : V2 -> V ;
--
----3 Three-place verbs
----
---- Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
---- the first one or both can be absent.

  mkV3     : V -> Preposition -> Preposition -> V3 ; -- parlar, a, de
  dirV3    : V -> Preposition -> V3 ;                -- donar,_,a
  dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ;                               -- donar,_,_

----3 Other complement patterns
----
---- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
---- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
--
--  mkV0  : V -> V0 ;
  mkVS  : V -> VS ;
  mkV2S : V -> Preposition -> V2S ;
  mkVV  : V -> VV ;  -- plain infinitive: "je veux parler"
--  deVV  : V -> VV ;  -- "j'essaie de parler"
--  aVV   : V -> VV ;  -- "j'arrive à parler"
--  mkV2V : V -> Preposition -> Preposition -> V2V ;
--  mkVA  : V -> VA ;
--  mkV2A : V -> Preposition -> Preposition -> V2A ;
    mkVQ  : V -> VQ ;
--  mkV2Q : V -> Preposition -> V2Q ;
--
    mkAS  : A -> AS ;

--  mkA2S : A -> Preposition -> A2S ;
--  mkAV  : A -> Preposition -> AV ;
--  mkA2V : A -> Preposition -> Preposition -> A2V ;
--
---- Notice: categories $V2S, V2V, V2Q$ are in v 1.0 treated
---- just as synonyms of $V2$, and the second argument is given
---- as an adverb. Likewise $AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$.
---- $V0$ is just $V$.
--
  V0, V2S, V2V, V2Q : Type ;
  AS, A2S, AV, A2V  : Type ;
--
--
----2 The definitions of the paradigms
----
---- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
---- hidden from the document.
----.

  Gender = MorphoCat.Gender ; 
  Number = MorphoCat.Number ;
  masculine = Masc ;
  feminine = Fem ;
  singular = Sg ;
  plural = Pl ;

  Preposition = Compl ;
  accusative = complAcc ;
  genitive = complGen ;
  dative = complDat ;
  mkPreposition p = {s = p ; c = Acc ; isDir = False} ;
--
--
  mkN x y g = mkNounIrreg x y g ** {lock_N = <>} ;
  regN x = mkNomReg x ** {lock_N = <>} ;
  compN x y = {s = \\n => x.s ! n ++ y ; g = x.g ; lock_N = <>} ;
  femN x = {s = x.s ; g = feminine ; lock_N = <>} ;
  mascN x = {s = x.s ; g = masculine ; lock_N = <>} ;

  mkN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = p} ;
  deN2 n = mkN2 n genitive ;
--  aN2 n = mkN2 n dative ;   -- s'usa ?
  mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = p ; c3 = q} ;

  mkPN x g = {s = x ; g = g} ** {lock_PN = <>} ;
  makeNP x g n = {s = (pn2np (mkPN x g)).s; a = agrP3 g n ; hasClit = False} ** {lock_NP = <>} ;
--
  mkA a b c d e = 
    compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj a b c d e).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
  regA a = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdjReg a).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
  prefA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; lock_A = <>} ;
--
   mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = p ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
--
  mkADeg a b = 
   {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => b.s ! Posit} ; 
    isPre = a.isPre ; lock_A = <>} ;
 compADeg a = 
   {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => \\f => "més" ++ a.s ! Posit ! f} ; 
    isPre = a.isPre ;
    lock_A = <>} ;
  regADeg a = compADeg (regA a) ;

  mkAdv x = ss x ** {lock_Adv = <>} ;
--  mkAdV x = ss x ** {lock_AdV = <>} ;
--  mkAdA x = ss x ** {lock_AdA = <>} ;
--
  regV x = -- cantar 
    let 
      ar = Predef.dp 2 x ;
      z  = Predef.dp 1 (Predef.tk 2 x) ;
      verb = case ar of {
          "re" => viure_119 x ;
          "ir" => patir_81 x ;
          _    => cantar_15 x  
        }
--        "er" =>  deber_6 x ;
--        _ => case z of {
--           "u" => actuar_9 x ;
--           "z" => cazar_21 x ;
--           "i" => guiar_43 x ;
--           "g" => pagar_53 x ;
--           "c" => sacar_72 x ;
--           _   => cortar_5 x
--            }
    in verbBesch verb ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;

--  reflV v = {s = v.s ; vtyp = VRefl ; lock_V = <>} ;

  verbV ve = verbBesch ve ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;

   special_ppV ve pa = {
    s = table {
      VPart g n => (adjFort pa).s ! AF g n ;
      p => ve.s ! p
      } ;
    lock_V = <> ;
    vtyp = VHabere
    } ;


  mkV2 v p = {s = v.s ; vtyp = v.vtyp ; c2 = p ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
  dirV2 v = mkV2 v accusative ;
--  v2V v = v ** {lock_V = <>} ;
--
  mkV3 v p q = {s = v.s ; vtyp = v.vtyp ; 
    c2 = p ; c3 = q ; lock_V3 = <>} ;
  dirV3 v p = mkV3 v accusative p ;
  dirdirV3 v = dirV3 v dative ;
--
--  V0 : Type = V ;
  V2S, V2V, V2Q : Type = V2 ;
  AS, AV : Type = A ;
--  A2S, A2V : Type = A2 ;
--
--  mkV0  v = v ** {lock_V0 = <>} ;
  mkVS  v = v ** {m = \\_ => Indic ; lock_VS = <>} ;  ---- more moods
  mkV2S v p = mkV2 v p ** {mn,mp = Indic ; lock_V2S = <>} ;
  mkVV  v = v ** {c2 = complAcc ; lock_VV = <>} ;
--  deVV  v = v ** {c2 = complGen ; lock_VV = <>} ;
--  aVV  v = v ** {c2 = complDat ; lock_VV = <>} ;
--  mkV2V v p t = mkV2 v p ** {c3 = t.p1  ; s3 = p.p2 ; lock_V2V = <>} ;
--  mkVA  v = v ** {lock_VA = <>} ;
--  mkV2A v p q = mkV3 v p q ** {lock_V2A = <>} ;
    mkVQ  v = v ** {lock_VQ = <>} ;
--  mkV2Q v p = mkV2 v p ** {lock_V2Q = <>} ;
--
    mkAS  v = v ** {lock_AS = <>} ; ---- more moods
--  mkA2S v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A2S = <>} ;
--  mkAV  v p = v ** {c = p.p1 ; s2 = p.p2 ; lock_AV = <>} ;
--  mkA2V v p q = mkA2 v p ** {s3 = q.p2 ; c3 = q.p1 ; lock_A2V = <>} ;
--
} ;
