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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
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<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Russian Lexical Paradigms</H1>
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<FONT SIZE="4">
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<I>Last update: 2006-09-07 16:12:56 CEST</I><BR>
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<I>Last update: 2007-07-06 10:39:50 CEST</I><BR>
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</FONT></CENTER>
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<P></P>
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@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
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<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Adjectives</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Adverbs</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Verbs</A>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Two-place verbs</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Three-place verbs</A>
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</UL>
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</UL>
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<P></P>
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@@ -105,6 +109,11 @@ To abstract over number names, we define the following.
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singular : Number ;
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plural : Number ;
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Animacy: Type ;
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animate: Animacy;
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inanimate: Animacy;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc2"></A>
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@@ -113,12 +122,22 @@ To abstract over number names, we define the following.
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Best case: indeclinabe nouns: <I>кофе</I>, <I>пальто</I>, <I>ВУЗ</I>.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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Animacy: Type ;
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animate: Animacy;
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inanimate: Animacy;
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mkIndeclinableNoun: Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> N ;
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mkN : overload {
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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The regular function captures the variants for some popular nouns
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endings below:
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkN : Str -> N ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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This function is for indeclinable nouns.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkN : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> N ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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@@ -132,19 +151,15 @@ to the Nominative or the Genetive one) is actually of no help,
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since there are a lot of exceptions and the gain is just one form less.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkN : (nomSg, genSg, datSg, accSg, instSg, preposSg,
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nomPl, genPl, datPl, accPl, instPl, preposPl: Str) -> Gender -> Animacy -> N ;
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-- мужчина, мужчины, мужчине, мужчину, мужчиной, мужчине
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-- мужчины, мужчин, мужчинам, мужчин, мужчинами, мужчинах
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mkN : (nomSg,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,prepPl : Str) -> Gender -> Animacy -> N ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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The regular function captures the variants for some popular nouns
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endings below:
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мужчина, мужчины, мужчине, мужчину, мужчиной, мужчине
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мужчины, мужчин, мужчинам, мужчин, мужчинами, мужчинах
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</P>
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<PRE>
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regN : Str -> N ;
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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@@ -206,17 +221,11 @@ Nouns used as functions need a preposition. The most common is with Genitive.
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Proper names.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkPN : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> PN ; -- "Иван", "Маша"
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nounPN : N -> PN ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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On the top level, it is maybe <CODE>CN</CODE> that is used rather than <CODE>N</CODE>, and
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<CODE>NP</CODE> rather than <CODE>PN</CODE>.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkCN : N -> CN ;
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mkNP : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> NP ;
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mkPN : overload {
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mkPN : Str -> PN ;
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mkPN : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> PN ; -- "Иван", "Маша"
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mkPN : N -> PN ;
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc3"></A>
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@@ -230,20 +239,16 @@ Instructive | Prepositional)
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Notice that 4 short forms, which exist for some adjectives are not included
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in the current description, otherwise there would be 32 forms for
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positive degree.
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mkA : ( : Str) -> A ;
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The regular function captures the variants for some popular adjective
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endings below. The first string agrument is the masculine singular form,
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the second is comparative:
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Invariable adjective is a special case, with only on string needed.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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regA : Str -> Str -> A ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Invariable adjective is a special case.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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adjInvar : Str -> A ; -- khaki, mini, hindi, netto
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mkA : overload {
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mkA : Str -> A ; -- khaki, mini, hindi, netto
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mkA : Str -> Str -> A ;
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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@@ -274,10 +279,6 @@ only one superlative form (syntactic) we can produce the
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comparison adjective with only one extra argument -
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non-syntactic comparative form.
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Syntactic forms are based on the positive forms.
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mkADeg : A -> Str -> ADeg ;
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On top level, there are adjectival phrases. The most common case is
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just to use a one-place adjective.
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ap : A -> IsPostfixAdj -> AP ;
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</P>
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<A NAME="toc4"></A>
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<H2>Adverbs</H2>
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@@ -322,20 +323,6 @@ Notice, that some forms are never used for some verbs.
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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The worst case need 6 forms of the present tense in indicative mood
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(<I>я бегу</I>, <I>ты бежишь</I>, <I>он бежит</I>, <I>мы бежим</I>, <I>вы бежите</I>, <I>они бегут</I>),
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a past form (singular, masculine: <I>я бежал</I>), an imperative form
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(singular, second person: <I>беги</I>), an infinitive (<I>бежать</I>).
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Inherent aspect should also be specified.
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mkVerbum : Aspect -> (presentSgP1,presentSgP2,presentSgP3,
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkV : Aspect -> (presentSgP1,presentSgP2,presentSgP3,
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presentPlP1,presentPlP2,presentPlP3,
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pastSgMasculine,imperative,infinitive: Str) -> V ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Common conjugation patterns are two conjugations:
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first - verbs ending with <I>-ать/-ять</I> and second - <I>-ить/-еть</I>.
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Instead of 6 present forms of the worst case, we only need
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@@ -347,20 +334,45 @@ first person from with second person form:
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So the definition for verb <I>любить</I> looks like:
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regV Imperfective Second <I>люб</I> <I>лю</I> <I>любил</I> <I>люби</I> <I>любить</I>;
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</P>
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<P>
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There is no one-argument case.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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regV :Aspect -> Conjugation -> (stemPresentSgP1,endingPresentSgP1,
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pastSgP1,imperative,infinitive : Str) -> V ;
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mkV : overload {
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mkV : Aspect -> Conjugation -> (stemPrsSgP1,endPrsSgP1,pastSgP1,imp,inf : Str) -> V ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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The worst case need 6 forms of the present tense in indicative mood
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(<I>я бегу</I>, <I>ты бежишь</I>, <I>он бежит</I>, <I>мы бежим</I>, <I>вы бежите</I>, <I>они бегут</I>),
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a past form (singular, masculine: <I>я бежал</I>), an imperative form
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(singular, second person: <I>беги</I>), an infinitive (<I>бежать</I>).
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Inherent aspect should also be specified.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkV : Aspect -> (presSgP1,presSgP2,presSgP3,presPlP1,presPlP2,presPlP3,pastSgMasc,imp,inf: Str) -> V ;
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc6"></A>
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<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
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<P>
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Two-place verbs, and the special case with direct object. Notice that
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a particle can be included in a <CODE>V</CODE>.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkV2 : V -> Str -> Case -> V2 ; -- "войти в дом"; "в", accusative
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mkV3 : V -> Str -> Str -> Case -> Case -> V3 ; -- "сложить письмо в конверт"
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dirV2 : V -> V2 ; -- "видеть", "любить"
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mkV2 : overload {
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mkV2 : V -> V2 ; -- "видеть", "любить"
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mkV2 : V -> Str -> Case -> V2 ; -- "войти в дом"; "в", accusative
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc7"></A>
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<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
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<PRE>
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tvDirDir : V -> V3 ;
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mkV3 : V -> Str -> Str -> Case -> Case -> V3 ; -- "сложить письмо в конверт"
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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@@ -368,6 +380,6 @@ The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
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hidden from the document.
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</P>
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