russian

lib/resource-1.0/russian/AdjectiveRus.gf

@@ -3,40 +3,44 @@
 
 
 concrete AdjectiveRus of Adjective = CatRus ** open ResRus, Prelude in {
---
---  lin
---
---    PositA  a = {
---      s = \\_ => a.s ! AAdj Posit ;
---      isPre = True
---      } ;
---    ComparA a np = {
---      s = \\_ => a.s ! AAdj Compar ++ "than" ++ np.s ! Nom ; 
---      isPre = False
---      } ;
---
----- $SuperlA$ belongs to determiner syntax in $Noun$.
---
---    ComplA2 a np = {
---      s = \\_ => a.s ! AAdj Posit ++ a.c2 ++ np.s ! Acc ; 
---      isPre = False
---      } ;
---
---    ReflA2 a = {
---      s = \\ag => a.s ! AAdj Posit ++ a.c2 ++ reflPron ! ag ; 
---      isPre = False
---      } ;
---
---    SentAP ap sc = {
---      s = \\a => ap.s ! a ++ sc.s ; 
---      isPre = False
---      } ;
---
---    AdAP ada ap = {
---      s = \\a => ada.s ++ ap.s ! a ;
---      isPre = ap.isPre
---      } ;
---
---    UseA2 a = a ;
---
+flags  coding=utf8 ;
+
+  lin
+
+    PositA  a = { s = a.s!Posit; p = False};
+       -- Comparative forms are used with an object of comparison, as
+        -- adjectival phrases ("больше тебя").
+
+    ComparA bolshoj tu =
+          {s = \\af => bolshoj.s ! Compar ! af ++ tu.s ! (mkPronForm Gen Yes NonPoss) ; 
+            p = True
+           } ;
+
+-- $SuperlA$ belongs to determiner syntax in $Noun$.
+
+    ComplA2 vlublen tu =
+    {s = \\af => vlublen.s !Posit! af ++ vlublen.s2 ++ 
+          tu.s ! (mkPronForm vlublen.c No NonPoss) ;
+     p = True
+    } ;
+
+    ReflA2 vlublen = 
+    {s = \\af => vlublen.s !Posit! af ++ vlublen.s2 ++ "себя";
+     p = True
+    } ;
+
+    SentAP vlublen sent= 
+    {s = \\af => vlublen.s ! af ++ sent.s;
+      p = True
+    } ;
+
+
+    AdAP ada ap = {
+      s = \\af => ada.s ++ ap.s ! af ;
+      p = True
+      } ;
+
+    UseA2 a = a ;
+
 }
+

lib/resource-1.0/russian/AdverbRus.gf

@@ -1,23 +1,25 @@
 --# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../../prelude
 
 concrete AdverbRus of Adverb = CatRus ** open ResRus, Prelude in {
---
---  lin
---    PositAdvAdj a = {s = a.s ! AAdv} ;
---    ComparAdvAdj cadv a np = {
---      s = cadv.s ++ a.s ! AAdv ++ "than" ++ np.s ! Nom
---      } ;
---    ComparAdvAdjS cadv a s = {
---      s = cadv.s ++ a.s ! AAdv ++ "than" ++ s.s
---      } ;
---
---    PrepNP prep np = {s = prep.s ++ np.s ! Acc} ;
---
---    AdAdv = cc2 ;
---
---    SubjS = cc2 ;
---    AdvSC s = s ; --- this rule give stack overflow in ordinary parsing
---
---    AdnCAdv cadv = {s = cadv.s ++ "than"} ;
---
+flags  coding=utf8 ;
+
+  lin
+    PositAdvAdj a = {s = a.s !Posit! AdvF} ;
+    ComparAdvAdj cadv a np = {
+      s = cadv.s ++ a.s !Posit! AdvF ++ "чем" ++ np.s ! PF Nom No NonPoss
+      } ;
+    ComparAdvAdjS cadv a s = {
+      s = cadv.s ++ a.s !Posit! AdvF ++ "чем" ++ s.s
+      } ;
+
+    PrepNP na stol = ss (na.s ++ stol.s ! PF na.c Yes NonPoss) ;
+
+    AdAdv = cc2 ;
+
+    SubjS = cc2 ;
+    AdvSC s = s ; --- this rule give stack overflow in ordinary parsing
+
+    AdnCAdv cadv = {s = cadv.s ++ "чем"} ;
+
 }
+

lib/resource-1.0/russian/CatRus.gf

@@ -1,93 +1,106 @@
 --# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../../prelude
 
 concrete CatRus of Cat = CommonX ** open ResRus, Prelude in {
---
---  flags optimize=all_subs ;
---
---  lincat
---
----- Phrase
---
---    Utt, Voc = {s : Str} ;
---
----- Tensed/Untensed
---
---    S  = {s : Str} ;
---    QS = {s : QForm => Str} ;
---    RS = {s : Agr => Str} ;
---
----- Sentence
---
---    Cl = {s : Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => Order => Str} ;
---    Slash = {s : Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => Order => Str} ** {c2 : Str} ;
---    Imp = {s : Polarity => Number => Str} ;
---
----- Question
---
---    QCl = {s : Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => QForm => Str} ;
---    IP = {s : Case => Str ; n : Number} ;
---    IAdv, IComp = {s : Str} ;    
---    IDet = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;
---
----- Relative
---
---    RCl = {s : Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => Agr => Str} ;
---    RP = {s : RCase => Str ; a : RAgr} ;
---
----- Verb
---
---    VP = {
---      s   : Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => Order => Agr => {fin, inf : Str} ;
---      prp : Str ; -- present participle
---      inf : Str ; -- infinitive
---      ad  : Str ;
---      s2  : Agr => Str
---      } ;
---    Comp = {s : Agr => Str} ; 
---    SC = {s : Str} ;
---
----- Adjective
---
---    AP = {s : Agr => Str ; isPre : Bool} ; 
---
----- Noun
---
---    CN = {s : Number => Case => Str} ;
---    NP, Pron = {s : Case => Str ; a : Agr} ;
---    Det = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;
---    Predet, QuantSg, QuantPl, Num, Ord = {s : Str} ;
---    Quant = {s : Number => Str} ;
---
----- Adverb
---
---    Adv, AdV, AdA, AdS, AdN = {s : Str} ;
---
----- Numeral
---
---    Numeral = {s : CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} ;
---
----- Structural
---
---    Conj = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;
---    DConj = {s1,s2 : Str ; n : Number} ;
---    PConj = {s : Str} ;    
---    CAdv = {s : Str} ;    
---    Subj = {s : Str} ;
---    Prep = {s : Str} ;
---
----- Open lexical classes, e.g. Lexicon
---
---    V, VS, VQ, VA = Verb ; -- = {s : VForm => Str} ;
---    V2, V2A = Verb ** {c2 : Str} ;
---    V3 = Verb ** {c2, c3 : Str} ;
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ; coding=utf8 ;
+
+  lincat
+
+-- Phrase
+
+    Utt, Voc = {s : Str} ;
+
+-- Tensed/Untensed
+
+   S  = {s : Str} ;
+   SC  = {s : Str} ;
+   QS = {s :                 QForm => Str} ;
+   RS = {s :                   GenNum => Case => Animacy => Str} ;
+
+-- Sentence
+   -- clause (variable tense) e.g. "John walks"/"John walked"
+   Cl ={s : Polarity => ClForm => Str} ;
+   Slash = {s : Polarity => ClForm => Str; s2: Str; c: Case} ;
+   Imp = { s: Polarity => Gender => Number => Str } ;
+
+-- Question
+
+    QCl = {s :Polarity => ClForm => QForm => Str};  
+    IP = { s : PronForm => Str ; n : Number ; p : Person ;
+           g: PronGen ; anim : Animacy ;  pron: Bool} ;     
+    IAdv, IComp = {s : Str} ;    
+    IDet = Adjective ** {n: Number; g: PronGen; c: Case} ; 
+
+-- Relative
+
+    RCl = {s :  Polarity => ClForm => GenNum => Case => Animacy => Str} ;
+    RP = {s :                   GenNum => Case => Animacy => Str} ;
+
+-- Verb
+   -- Polarity =>
+   Comp, VP = {s : ClForm => GenNum => Person => Str ; asp : Aspect ; w: Voice} 
+          ** {s2 : Str ; s3 : Gender => Number => Str ; negBefore: Bool} ;
+
+
+-- Adjective
+    
+    AP = {s : AdjForm => Str; p : IsPostfixAdj} ; 
+
+-- Noun
+
+    CN = {s : Number => Case => Str; g : Gender; anim : Animacy} ;  
+    NP = { s : PronForm => Str ; n : Number ; p : Person ;
+           g: PronGen ; anim : Animacy ;  pron: Bool} ;     
+    Pron = { s : PronForm => Str ; n : Number ; p : Person ;
+           g: PronGen ;  pron: Bool} ;     
+
+-- Determiners (only determinative pronouns 
+-- (or even indefinite numerals: "много" (many)) in Russian) are inflected 
+-- according to the gender of nouns they determine.
+-- extra parameters (Number and Case) are added for the sake of                            	
+-- the determinative pronoun "bolshinstvo" ("most");
+-- Gender parameter is due to multiple determiners (Numerals in Russian)
+-- like "mnogo"
+-- The determined noun has the case parameter specific for the determiner
+    QuantSg, QuantPl , Det = {s : AdjForm => Str; n: Number; g: PronGen; c: Case} ; 
+    Predet, Quant= {s : AdjForm => Str; g: PronGen; c: Case} ; 
+
+-- Adverb
+
+    Adv, AdV, AdA, AdS, AdN = {s : Str} ;
+
+-- Numeral
+
+    Num, Numeral = {s : Case => Gender => Str} ;
+    
+-- Structural
+-- The conjunction has an inherent number, which is used when conjoining
+-- noun phrases: "Иван и Маша поют" vs. "Иван или Маша поет"; in the
+-- case of "или", the result is however plural if any of the disjuncts is.
+
+    Conj = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;  
+    DConj = {s1,s2 : Str ; n : Number} ; 
+    PConj = {s : Str} ;    
+    CAdv = {s : Str} ;    
+    Subj = {s : Str} ;
+    Prep = {s : Str ; c: Case } ;
+
+-- Open lexical classes, e.g. Lexicon
+
+    V, VS, VV, VQ, VA = Verbum ; -- = {s : VerbForm => Str ; asp : Aspect } ;
+    V2, V2A = Verbum ** Complement ; 
+    V3 = Verbum ** Complement** {s4 : Str; c2: Case} ; 
 --    VV = {s : VVForm => Str ; isAux : Bool} ;
---
---    A = {s : AForm => Str} ;
---    A2 = {s : AForm => Str ; c2 : Str} ;
---
---    N = {s : Number => Case => Str} ;
---    N2 = {s : Number => Case => Str} ** {c2 : Str} ;
---    N3 = {s : Number => Case => Str} ** {c2,c3 : Str} ;
---    PN = {s : Case => Str} ;
---
+
+    Ord =  {s : AdjForm => Str} ;
+    A =  {s : Degree => AdjForm => Str} ;
+    A2 = A ** Complement ;
+
+ -- Substantives moreover have an inherent gender. 
+    N = {s : SubstForm => Str ; g : Gender ; anim : Animacy } ;   
+    N2 = {s : Number => Case => Str; g : Gender; anim : Animacy} ** Complement ;
+    N3 = {s : Number => Case => Str; g : Gender; anim : Animacy} ** Complement ** {s3 : Str; c2: Case} ;
+    PN = {s :  Case => Str ; g : Gender ; anim : Animacy} ;
+
 }
+

lib/resource-1.0/russian/ConjunctionRus.gf

@@ -2,46 +2,107 @@
 
 concrete ConjunctionRus of Conjunction = 
   CatRus ** open ResRus, Coordination, Prelude in {
---
---  flags optimize=all_subs ;
---
---  lin
---
---    ConjS = conjunctSS ;
---    DConjS = conjunctDistrSS ;
---
---    ConjAdv = conjunctSS ;
---    DConjAdv = conjunctDistrSS ;
---
---    ConjNP conj ss = conjunctTable Case conj ss ** {
---      a = {n = conjNumber conj.n ss.a.n ; p = ss.a.p}
---      } ;
---    DConjNP conj ss = conjunctDistrTable Case conj ss ** {
---      a = {n = conjNumber conj.n ss.a.n ; p = ss.a.p}
---      } ;
---
---    ConjAP conj ss = conjunctTable Agr conj ss ** {
---      isPre = ss.isPre
---      } ;
---    DConjAP conj ss = conjunctDistrTable Agr conj ss ** {
---      isPre = ss.isPre
---      } ;
---
----- These fun's are generated from the list cat's.
---
---    BaseS = twoSS ;
---    ConsS = consrSS comma ;
---    BaseAdv = twoSS ;
---    ConsAdv = consrSS comma ;
---    BaseNP x y = twoTable Case x y ** {a = conjAgr x.a y.a} ;
---    ConsNP xs x = consrTable Case comma xs x ** {a = conjAgr xs.a x.a} ;
---    BaseAP x y = twoTable Agr x y ** {isPre = andB x.isPre y.isPre} ;
---    ConsAP xs x = consrTable Agr comma xs x ** {isPre = andB xs.isPre x.isPre} ;
---
---  lincat
---    [S] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
---    [Adv] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
---    [NP] = {s1,s2 : Case => Str ; a : Agr} ;
---    [AP] = {s1,s2 : Agr => Str ; isPre : Bool} ;
---
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;  coding=utf8 ;
+
+  lin
+
+    ConjS = conjunctSS ;
+    DConjS = conjunctDistrSS ;
+
+    ConjAdv = conjunctSS ;
+    DConjAdv = conjunctDistrSS ;
+                                                    
+    ConjNP c xs =
+      conjunctTable PronForm c xs ** {n = conjNumber c.n xs.n ;
+      anim = xs.anim ;
+       p = xs.p; g = xs.g ; pron = xs.pron} ;
+
+
+    DConjNP  c xs =
+    conjunctDistrTable PronForm c xs ** {n = conjNumber c.n xs.n ; 
+      p = xs.p ; pron = xs.pron ; anim = xs.anim ; 
+       g = xs.g } ;
+
+
+    ConjAP c xs =    conjunctTable AdjForm c xs ** {p = xs.p} ;
+
+
+    DConjAP c xs = conjunctDistrTable AdjForm c xs ** {p = xs.p} ;
+
+-- These fun's are generated from the list cat's.
+
+    BaseS = twoSS ;
+    ConsS = consrSS comma ;
+    BaseAdv = twoSS ;
+    ConsAdv = consrSS comma ;
+
+
+    ConsNP  x xs =
+    consTable PronForm comma xs x ** 
+       {n = conjNumber xs.n x.n ; g = conjPGender x.g xs.g ;
+          anim = conjAnim x.anim xs.anim ;
+          p = conjPerson xs.p x.p; pron = conjPron xs.pron x.pron} ;
+      
+    ConsAP x xs = consTable AdjForm comma xs x ** {p = andB xs.p x.p} ;
+
+
+    BaseAP x y = twoTable AdjForm x y ** {p = andB x.p y.p} ;
+
+    BaseNP x y = twoTable PronForm x y ** {n = conjNumber x.n y.n ; 
+       g = conjPGender x.g y.g ; p = conjPerson x.p y.p ;
+       pron = conjPron x.pron y.pron ; anim = conjAnim x.anim y.anim } ;
+
+
+
+
+  lincat
+    [S] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
+    [Adv] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
+ -- The structure is the same as for sentences. The result is either always plural
+ -- or plural if any of the components is, depending on the conjunction.
+    [NP] = { s1,s2 : PronForm => Str ; g: PronGen ; 
+             anim : Animacy ; n : Number ; p : Person ;  pron : Bool } ;
+ -- The structure is the same as for sentences. The result is a prefix adjective
+ -- if and only if all elements are prefix.
+    [AP] =  {s1,s2 : AdjForm => Str ; p : Bool} ;
+
+
+
+oper
+  -- We have to define a calculus of numbers of persons. For numbers,
+-- it is like the conjunction with $Pl$ corresponding to $False$.
+
+  conjNumber : Number -> Number -> Number = \m,n -> case <m,n> of {
+    <Sg,Sg> => Sg ;
+    _ => Pl 
+    } ;
+
+-- For persons, we let the latter argument win ("либо ты, либо я пойду"
+-- but "либо я, либо ты пойдешь"). This is not quite clear.
+
+  conjPerson : Person -> Person -> Person = \_,p -> 
+    p ;
+
+-- For pron, we let the latter argument win - "Маша или моя мама" (Nominative case)
+-- but - "моей или Машина мама" (Genetive case) both corresponds to 
+-- "Masha's or my mother"), which is actually not exactly correct, since
+-- different cases should be used - "Машина или моя мама".
+
+  conjPron : Bool -> Bool -> Bool = \_,p -> 
+    p ;
+
+-- For gender in a similar manner as for person:
+-- Needed for adjective predicates like:
+-- "Маша или Оля - красивая", "Антон или Олег - красивый",
+-- "Маша или Олег - красивый".
+-- The later is not totally correct, but there is no correct way to say that.
+
+  conjGender : Gender -> Gender -> Gender = \_,m -> m ; 
+ conjPGender : PronGen -> PronGen -> PronGen = \_,m -> m ; 
+
+  conjAnim : Animacy -> Animacy -> Animacy = \_,m -> m ; 
+
+
 }
+

lib/resource-1.0/russian/IdiomRus.gf

@@ -1,15 +1,37 @@
 --# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../../prelude
 
-concrete IdiomRus of Idiom = CatRus ** open Prelude, ResRus in {
---
---  flags optimize=all_subs ;
---
---  lin
---    ExistNP np = 
---      mkClause "there" (agrP3 np.a.n) (insertObj (\\_ => np.s ! Acc) (predAux auxBe)) ;
---    ImpersCl vp = mkClause "it" (agrP3 Sg) vp ;
---    GenericCl vp = mkClause "one" (agrP3 Sg) vp ;
---
---    ProgrVP vp = insertObj (\\a => vp.ad ++ vp.prp ++ vp.s2 ! a) (predAux auxBe) ;
---
+concrete IdiomRus of Idiom = CatRus ** open Prelude, ResRus, MorphoRus in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;  coding=utf8 ;
+
+  lin
+    ExistNP = \bar ->
+    {s =\\b,clf => case b of 
+        {Pos =>  verbByut.s ! (getActVerbForm clf (pgen2gen bar.g) Sg P3) 
+           ++ bar.s ! PF Nom No NonPoss;
+        Neg => "не" ++ verbByut.s ! (getActVerbForm clf (pgen2gen bar.g) Sg P3) 
+           ++ bar.s ! PF Nom No NonPoss
+       }
+} ;
+
+
+    ImpersCl vp = {s= \\ b, clf =>  let ne= case b of {Pos =>[]; Neg =>""}
+      in 
+      ne ++ vp.s! clf! (ASg Neut) ! P3  }; 
+
+-- No direct correspondance in Russian. Usually expressed by infinitive:
+-- "Если очень захотеть, можно в космос улететь" 
+-- (If one really wants one can fly into the space).
+-- Note that the modal verb "can" is trasferred into adverb 
+-- "можно" (it is possible) in Russian
+-- The closest subject is "ты" (you), which is omitted in the final sentence:
+-- "Если очень захочешь, можешь в космос улететь"
+
+    GenericCl vp = {s= \\ b, clf =>  let ne= case b of {Pos =>[]; Neg =>""}
+      in 
+      ne ++ vp.s! clf! (ASg Masc) ! P3  }; 
+
+    ProgrVP vp = vp ;
+
 }
+

lib/resource-1.0/russian/LangRus.gf

@@ -1,23 +1,17 @@
 --# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../../prelude
 
-
 concrete LangRus of Lang = 
---  NounRus, 
---  VerbRus, 
---  AdjectiveRus,
---  AdverbRus,
---  NumeralRus,
---  SentenceRus,
---  QuestionRus,
---  RelativeRus,
---  ConjunctionRus,
---  PhraseRus,
---  TextX,
---  StructuralRus,
---  IdiomRus,
---  LexiconRus
-  ** {
-
-flags startcat = Phr ; unlexer = text ; lexer = text ;
-
-} ;
+  NounRus, 
+  VerbRus, 
+  AdjectiveRus,
+  AdverbRus,
+  NumeralRus,
+  SentenceRus,
+  QuestionRus,
+  RelativeRus,
+  ConjunctionRus,
+  PhraseRus,
+  TextX,
+  StructuralRus,
+  IdiomRus,
+  LexiconRus ** { flags  startcat = Phr ; unlexer = text ; lexer = text ;} ;

lib/resource-1.0/russian/LexiconRus.gf

@@ -1,356 +1,404 @@
 --# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../../prelude
 
-
 --
 concrete LexiconRus of Lexicon = CatRus ** 
-  open ParadigmsRus, IrregRus, Prelude in {
---
---flags 
---  optimize=values ;
---
---lin
---  airplane_N = regN "airplane" ;
---  answer_V2S = mkV2S (regV "answer") "to" ;
---  apartment_N = regN "apartment" ;
---  apple_N = regN "apple" ;
---  art_N = regN "art" ;
---  ask_V2Q = mkV2Q (regV "ask") [] ;
---  baby_N = regN "baby" ;
---  bad_A = mkADeg "bad" "badly" "worse" "worst" ;
---  bank_N = regN "bank" ;
---  beautiful_A = regADeg "beautiful" ;
---  become_VA = mkVA (irregV "become" "became" "become") ;
---  beer_N = regN "beer" ;
---  beg_V2V = mkV2V (regDuplV "beg") [] "to" ;
---  big_A = duplADeg "big" ;
---  bike_N = regN "bike" ;
---  bird_N = regN "bird" ;
---  black_A = regADeg "black" ;
---  blue_A = regADeg "blue" ;
---  boat_N = regN "boat" ;
---  book_N = regN "book" ;
---  boot_N = regN "boot" ;
---  boss_N = regN "boss" ;
---  boy_N = regN "boy" ;
---  bread_N = regN "bread" ;
---  break_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "break" "broke" "broken") ;
---  broad_A = regADeg "broad" ;
---  brother_N2 = regN2 "brother" ;
---  brown_A = regADeg "brown" ;
---  butter_N = regN "butter" ;
---  buy_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "buy" "bought" "bought") ;
---  camera_N = regN "camera" ;
---  cap_N = regN "cap" ;
---  car_N = regN "car" ;
---  carpet_N = regN "carpet" ;
---  cat_N = regN "cat" ;
---  ceiling_N = regN "ceiling" ;
---  chair_N = regN "chair" ;
---  cheese_N = regN "cheese" ;
---  child_N = mk2N "child" "children" ;
---  church_N = regN "church" ;
---  city_N = regN "city" ;
---  clean_A = regADeg "clean" ;
---  clever_A = regADeg "clever" ;
---  close_V2 = dirV2 (regV "close") ;
---  coat_N = regN "coat" ;
---  cold_A = regADeg "cold" ;
---  come_V = (irregV "come" "came" "come") ;
---  computer_N = regN "computer" ;
---  country_N = regN "country" ;
---  cousin_N = regN "cousin" ;
---  cow_N = regN "cow" ;
---  die_V = (regV "die") ;
---  dirty_A = regADeg "dirty" ;
---  distance_N3 = mkN3 (regN "distance") "from" "to" ;
---  doctor_N = regN "doctor" ;
---  dog_N = regN "dog" ;
---  door_N = regN "door" ;
---  drink_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "drink" "drank" "drunk") ;
---  easy_A2V = mkA2V (regA "easy") "for" ;
---  eat_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "eat" "ate" "eaten") ;
---  empty_A = regADeg "empty" ;
---  enemy_N = regN "enemy" ;
---  factory_N = regN "factory" ;
---  father_N2 = regN2 "father" ;
---  fear_VS = mkVS (regV "fear") ;
---  find_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "find" "found" "found") ;
---  fish_N = mk2N "fish" "fish" ;
---  floor_N = regN "floor" ;
---  forget_V2 = dirV2 (irregDuplV "forget" "forgot" "forgotten") ;
---  fridge_N = regN "fridge" ;
---  friend_N = regN "friend" ;
---  fruit_N = regN "fruit" ;
---  fun_AV = mkAV (regA "fun") ;
---  garden_N = regN "garden" ;
---  girl_N = regN "girl" ;
---  glove_N = regN "glove" ;
---  gold_N = regN "gold" ;
---  good_A = mkADeg "good" "well" "better" "best" ;
---  go_V = (mkV "go" "goes" "went" "gone" "going") ;
---  green_A = regADeg "green" ;
---  harbour_N = regN "harbour" ;
---  hate_V2 = dirV2 (regV "hate") ;
---  hat_N = regN "hat" ;
---  have_V2 = dirV2 (mkV "have" "has" "had" "had" "having") ;
---  hear_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "hear" "heard" "heard") ;
---  hill_N = regN "hill" ;
---  hope_VS = mkVS (regV "hope") ;
---  horse_N = regN "horse" ;
---  hot_A = duplADeg "hot" ;
---  house_N = regN "house" ;
---  important_A = compoundADeg (regA "important") ;
---  industry_N = regN "industry" ;
---  iron_N = regN "iron" ;
---  king_N = regN "king" ;
---  know_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "know" "knew" "known") ;
---  lake_N = regN "lake" ;
---  lamp_N = regN "lamp" ;
---  learn_V2 = dirV2 (regV "learn") ;
---  leather_N = regN "leather" ;
---  leave_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "leave" "left" "left") ;
---  like_V2 = dirV2 (regV "like") ;
---  listen_V2 = mkV2 (regV "listen") "to" ;
---  live_V = (regV "live") ;
---  long_A = regADeg "long" ;
---  lose_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "lose" "lost" "lost") ;
---  love_N = regN "love" ;
---  love_V2 = dirV2 (regV "love") ;
---  man_N = mk2N "man" "men" ;
---  married_A2 = mkA2 (regA "married") "to" ;
---  meat_N = regN "meat" ;
---  milk_N = regN "milk" ;
---  moon_N = regN "moon" ;
---  mother_N2 = regN2 "mother" ;
---  mountain_N = regN "mountain" ;
---  music_N = regN "music" ;
---  narrow_A = regADeg "narrow" ;
---  new_A = regADeg "new" ;
---  newspaper_N = regN "newspaper" ;
---  oil_N = regN "oil" ;
---  old_A = regADeg "old" ;
---  open_V2 = dirV2 (regV "open") ;
---  paint_V2A = mkV2A (regV "paint") [] ;
---  paper_N = regN "paper" ;
---  paris_PN = regPN "Paris" nonhuman ;
---  peace_N = regN "peace" ;
---  pen_N = regN "pen" ;
---  planet_N = regN "planet" ;
---  plastic_N = regN "plastic" ;
---  play_V2 = dirV2 (regV "play") ;
---  policeman_N = regN "policeman" ;
---  priest_N = regN "priest" ;
---  probable_AS = mkAS (regA "probable") ;
---  queen_N = regN "queen" ;
---  radio_N = regN "radio" ;
---  rain_V0 = mkV0 (regV "rain") ;
---  read_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "read" "read" "read") ;
---  red_A = duplADeg "red" ;
---  religion_N = regN "religion" ;
---  restaurant_N = regN "restaurant" ;
---  river_N = regN "river" ;
---  rock_N = regN "rock" ;
---  roof_N = regN "roof" ;
---  rubber_N = regN "rubber" ;
---  run_V = (irregDuplV "run" "ran" "run") ;
---  say_VS = mkVS (irregV "say" "said" "said") ;
---  school_N = regN "school" ;
---  science_N = regN "science" ;
---  sea_N = regN "sea" ;
---  seek_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "seek" "sought" "sought") ;
---  see_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "see" "saw" "seen") ;
---  sell_V3 = dirV3 (irregV "sell" "sold" "sold") "to" ;
---  send_V3 = dirV3 (irregV "send" "sent" "sent") "to" ;
---  sheep_N = mk2N "sheep" "sheep" ;
---  ship_N = regN "ship" ;
---  shirt_N = regN "shirt" ;
---  shoe_N = regN "shoe" ;
---  shop_N = regN "shop" ;
---  short_A = regADeg "short" ;
---  silver_N = regN "silver" ;
---  sister_N = regN "sister" ;
---  sleep_V = (irregV "sleep" "slept" "slept") ;
---  small_A = regADeg "small" ;
---  snake_N = regN "snake" ;
---  sock_N = regN "sock" ;
---  speak_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "speak" "spoke" "spoken") ;
---  star_N = regN "star" ;
---  steel_N = regN "steel" ;
---  stone_N = regN "stone" ;
---  stove_N = regN "stove" ;
---  student_N = regN "student" ;
---  stupid_A = regADeg "stupid" ;
---  sun_N = regN "sun" ;
---  switch8off_V2 = dirV2 (partV (regV "switch") "off") ;
---  switch8on_V2 = dirV2 (partV (regV "switch") "on") ;
---  table_N = regN "table" ;
---  talk_V3 = mkV3 (regV "talk") "to" "about" ;
---  teacher_N = regN "teacher" ;
---  teach_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "teach" "taught" "taught") ;
---  television_N = regN "television" ;
---  thick_A = regADeg "thick" ;
---  thin_A = duplADeg "thin" ;
---  train_N = regN "train" ;
---  travel_V = (regDuplV "travel") ;
---  tree_N = regN "tree" ;
--- ---- trousers_N = regN "trousers" ;
---  ugly_A = regADeg "ugly" ;
---  understand_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "understand" "understood" "understood") ;
---  university_N = regN "university" ;
---  village_N = regN "village" ;
---  wait_V2 = mkV2 (regV "wait") "for" ;
---  walk_V = (regV "walk") ;
---  warm_A = regADeg "warm" ;
---  war_N = regN "war" ;
---  watch_V2 = dirV2 (regV "watch") ;
---  water_N = regN "water" ;
---  white_A = regADeg "white" ;
---  window_N = regN "window" ;
---  wine_N = regN "wine" ;
---  win_V2 = dirV2 (irregDuplV "win" "won" "won") ;
---  woman_N = mk2N "woman" "women" ;
---  wonder_VQ = mkVQ (regV "wonder") ;
---  wood_N = regN "wood" ;
---  write_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "write" "wrote" "written") ;
---  yellow_A = regADeg "yellow" ;
---  young_A = regADeg "young" ;
---
---  do_V2 = dirV2 (mkV "do" "does" "did" "done" "doing") ;
---  now_Adv = mkAdv "now" ;
---  already_Adv = mkAdv "already" ;
---  song_N = regN "song" ;
---  add_V3 = dirV3 (regV "add") "to" ;
---  number_N = regN "number" ;
---  put_V2 = mkV2 (irregDuplV "put" "put" "put") [] ;
---  stop_V = regDuplV "stop" ;
---  jump_V = regV "jump" ;
---
---  left_Ord = ss "left" ;
---  right_Ord = ss "right" ;
---  far_Adv = mkAdv "far" ;
---  correct_A = (regA "correct") ;
---  dry_A = regA "dry" ;
---  dull_A = regA "dull" ;
---  full_A = regA "full" ;
---  heavy_A = regA "heavy" ;
---  near_A = regA "near" ;
---  rotten_A = (regA "rotten") ;
---  round_A = regA "round" ;
---  sharp_A = regA "sharp" ;
---  smooth_A = regA "smooth" ;
---  straight_A = regA "straight" ;
---  wet_A = regA "wet" ; ----
---  wide_A = regA "wide" ;
---  animal_N = regN "animal" ;
---  ashes_N = regN "ash" ; -- FIXME: plural only?
---  back_N = regN "back" ;
---  bark_N = regN "bark" ;
---  belly_N = regN "belly" ;
---  blood_N = regN "blood" ;
---  bone_N = regN "bone" ;
---  breast_N = regN "breast" ;
---  cloud_N = regN "cloud" ;
---  day_N = regN "day" ;
---  dust_N = regN "dust" ;
---  ear_N = regN "ear" ;
---  earth_N = regN "earth" ;
---  egg_N = regN "egg" ;
---  eye_N = regN "eye" ;
---  fat_N = regN "fat" ;
---  feather_N = regN "feather" ;
---  fingernail_N = regN "fingernail" ;
---  fire_N = regN "fire" ;
---  flower_N = regN "flower" ;
---  fog_N = regN "fog" ;
---  foot_N = mk2N "foot" "feet" ;
---  forest_N = regN "forest" ;
---  grass_N = regN "grass" ;
---  guts_N = regN "gut" ; -- FIXME: no singular
---  hair_N = regN "hair" ;
---  hand_N = regN "hand" ;
---  head_N = regN "head" ;
---  heart_N = regN "heart" ;
---  horn_N = regN "horn" ;
---  husband_N = genderN masculine (regN "husband") ;
---  ice_N = regN "ice" ;
---  knee_N = regN "knee" ;
---  leaf_N = mk2N "leaf" "leaves" ;
---  leg_N = regN "leg" ;
---  liver_N = regN "liver" ;
---  louse_N = mk2N "louse" "lice" ;
---  mouth_N = regN "mouth" ;
---  name_N = regN "name" ;
---  neck_N = regN "neck" ;
---  night_N = regN "night" ;
---  nose_N = regN "nose" ;
---  person_N = genderN human (regN "person") ;
---  rain_N = regN "rain" ;
---  road_N = regN "road" ;
---  root_N = regN "root" ;
---  rope_N = regN "rope" ;
---  salt_N = regN "salt" ;
---  sand_N = regN "sand" ;
---  seed_N = regN "seed" ;
---  skin_N = regN "skin" ;
---  sky_N = regN "sky" ;
---  smoke_N = regN "smoke" ;
---  snow_N = regN "snow" ;
---  stick_N = regN "stick" ;
---  tail_N = regN "tail" ;
---  tongue_N = regN "tongue" ;
---  tooth_N = mk2N "tooth" "teeth" ;
---  wife_N = genderN feminine (mk2N "wife" "wives") ;
---  wind_N = regN "wind" ;
---  wing_N = regN "wing" ;
---  worm_N = regN "worm" ;
---  year_N = regN "year" ;
---  blow_V = blow_V ;
---  breathe_V = dirV2 (regV "breathe") ;
---  burn_V = burn_V ;
---  dig_V = dig_V ;
---  fall_V = fall_V ;
---  float_V = regV "float" ;
---  flow_V = regV "flow" ;
---  fly_V = fly_V ;
---  freeze_V = freeze_V ;
---  give_V3 = dirV3 give_V "to" ;
---  laugh_V = regV "laugh" ;
---  lie_V = lie_V ;
---  play_V = regV "play" ;
---  sew_V = sew_V ;
---  sing_V = sing_V ;
---  sit_V = sit_V ;
---  smell_V = regV "smell" ;
---  spit_V = spit_V ;
---  stand_V = stand_V ;
---  swell_V = swell_V ;
---  swim_V = swim_V ;
---  think_V = think_V ;
---  turn_V = regV "turn" ;
---  vomit_V = regV "vomit" ;
---
---  bite_V2 = dirV2 bite_V ;
---  count_V2 = dirV2 (regV "count") ;
---  cut_V2 = dirV2 cut_V ;
---  fear_V2 = dirV2 (regV "fear") ;
---  fight_V2 = dirV2 fight_V ;
---  hit_V2 = dirV2 hit_V ;
---  hold_V2 = dirV2 hold_V ;
---  hunt_V2 = dirV2 (regV "hunt") ;
---  kill_V2 = dirV2 (regV "kill") ;
---  pull_V2 = dirV2 (regV "pull") ;
---  push_V2 = dirV2 (regV "push") ;
---  rub_V2 = dirV2 (regDuplV "rub") ;
---  scratch_V2 = dirV2 (regV "scratch") ;
---  split_V2 = dirV2 split_V ;
---  squeeze_V2 = dirV2 (regV "squeeze") ;
---  stab_V2 = dirV2 (regDuplV "stab") ;
---  suck_V2 = dirV2 (regV "suck") ;
---  throw_V2 = dirV2 throw_V ;
---  tie_V2 = dirV2 (regV "tie") ;
---  wash_V2 = dirV2 (regV "wash") ;
---  wipe_V2 = dirV2 (regV "wipe") ;
---
-----  other_A = regA "other" ;
---
+  open ParadigmsRus, Prelude, StructuralRus, MorphoRus in {
+--, IrregRus
+flags 
+  optimize=values ;
+  coding=utf8 ;
+lin
+  airplane_N = nTelefon "самолет" ;
+  answer_V2S = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  first "отвеча" "ю" "отвечал" "отвечай" "отвечать" );
+  apartment_N = nMashina "квартир" ;
+  apple_N = nChislo "яблок" ; 
+  art_N = nChislo "искусств" ;
+  ask_V2Q = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  first "спрашива" "ю" "спрашивал" "спрашивай" "спрашивать") ;
+  baby_N = nMalush "малыш";
+  bad_A = AKakoj_Nibud  "плох" "" "хуже";
+  bank_N = nBank "банк" ;
+  beautiful_A =  AStaruyj "красив" "красивее";
+  become_VA = mkRegVerb perfective second "станов" "лю" "стал" "стань" "стать" ;
+  beer_N = nChislo "пив" ;
+  beg_V2V = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  second "про" "шу" "просил" "проси" "просить" );
+  big_A = AKakoj_Nibud  "больш" "" "больше" ;
+  bike_N = nTelefon "велосипед" ;
+  bird_N = nEdinica "птиц" ;
+  black_A = AStaruyj  "чёрн" "чернее";
+  blue_A =  AMolodoj  "голуб" "голубее";
+  boat_N = nMashina "лодк" ;
+  book_N = nMashina "книг" ;
+  boot_N = nBank "сапог" ;
+  boss_N = nStomatolog "начальник" ;
+  boy_N = nStomatolog "мальчик" ;
+  bread_N = nAdres "хлеб" ;
+  break_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "прерыва" "ю" "прерывал" "прерывай" "прерывать" );
+
+  broad_A = AMalenkij  "широк" "шире";
+  brother_N2 = mkN2  (nBrat ",брат") ;
+  brown_A = AStaruyj  "коричнев" "коричневее";
+  butter_N = nChislo "масл";
+  buy_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "покупа" "ю" "покупал" "покупай" "покупать" );
+  camera_N = nMashina "kamer" ;
+  cap_N = nNoga "чашк" ; -- чаш-ек Pl-Gen
+  car_N = nMashina "машин" ;
+  carpet_N =  mkN "ковёр" "ковра" "ковру" "ковёр" "ковром" "ковре" "ковры" "ковров" "коврам" "ковры" "коврами" "коврах" masculine inanimate;
+  cat_N = nMashina "кошк" ;
+ceiling_N =  nPotolok "потол" ; 
+  chair_N = nStul "стул"  ;
+cheese_N = nTelefon "сыр" ;
+child_N = mkN "ребёнок" "ребёнка" "ребёнку" "ребёнка" "ребёнком" "ребёнке" "дети"  "детей" "детям" "детей" "детьми"  "детях" masculine animate ;
+  church_N = mkN "церковь" "церкви" "церкви" "церковь" "церковью" "церкви" "церкви" "церквей" "церквям" "церкви" "церквями" "церквях" masculine inanimate;
+  city_N = nAdres "город" ;
+
+  clean_A =  AStaruyj  "чист" "чище"; 
+  clever_A =  AStaruyj "умн" "умнее";
+  close_V2= tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "закрыва" "ю" "закрывал" "закрывай" "закрывать" );
+  coat_N = mkIndeclinableNoun "пальто" masculine inanimate ;
+  cold_A =  AStaruyj  "холодн" "холоднее";
+  come_V = mkRegVerb imperfective first "прихо" "жу" "приходил" "приходи" "приходить" ;
+  computer_N = nTelefon  "компьютер" ;
+  country_N = nMashina "стран" ;
+cousin_N = nTelefon "кузен" ;
+cow_N = nMashina "коров" ;
+die_V = mkRegVerb imperfective first "умира" "ю" "умирал" "умрай" "умирать" ;
+dirty_A =  AStaruyj  "грязн" "грязнее" ;
+doctor_N = nAdres "доктор" ;
+dog_N = nNoga "собак" ;
+door_N = nBol "двер" ;
+drink_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective firstE "пь" "ю" "пил" "пей" "пить" );
+eat_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "куша" "ю" "кушал" "кушай" "кушать" );
+enemy_N = nStomatolog "враг" ;
+factory_N = nNoga "фабрик" ;
+father_N2 = mkN2 (mkN "отец" "отца" "отцу" "отца" "отцом" "отце" "отцы" "отцов" "отцам" "отцов" "отцами" "отцах" masculine animate);
+fear_VS= mkRegVerb imperfective second "бо" "ю" "боял" "бой" "боять" ;
+find_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective second "нахо" "жу" "находил" "находи" "находить" );
+fish_N = nMashina "рыб" ;
+floor_N = nTelefon "пол" ;
+forget_V2= tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "забыва" "ю" "забывал" "забывай" "забывать" );
+fridge_N = nBank "холодильник" ;
+friend_N = mkN "друг" "друга" "другу" "друга" "другом" "друге" "друзья" "друзей" "друзьям" "друзей" "дузьями" "друзьях" masculine animate;
+fruit_N = nTelefon "фрукт" ;
+garden_N = nTelefon  "сад" ;
+girl_N = nNoga "девочк" ;
+glove_N = nNoga "перчатк" ;
+gold_N = nChislo "золот" ;
+good_A = AKhoroshij "хорош" "лучше" ; 
+go_V= mkRegVerb imperfective second "хо" "жу" "ходил" "ходи" "ходить" ;
+green_A = AStaruyj  "зелен" "зеленее" ;
+harbour_N = nTelefon "залив" ;
+hate_V2= tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective second "ненави" "жу" "ненавидел" "ненавидь" "ненавидеть" );
+hat_N = nMashina "шляп" ;
+have_V2= tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "име" "ю" "имел" "имей" "иметь" );
+hear_V2= tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "слуша" "ю" "слушал" "слушай" "слушать" );
+hill_N = nTelefon  "холм" ;
+hope_VS= mkRegVerb imperfective first "наде" "ю" "надеял" "надей" "надеять" ;
+horse_N = nBol "лошад" ;
+hot_A = AKhoroshij "горяч" "горячее" ;
+house_N = nAdres "дом" ;
+
+important_A = AStaruyj  "важн" "важнее" ;
+industry_N = nChislo "производств" ;
+iron_N = nChislo "желез" ;
+king_N = mkN "король" "короля" "королю" "короля" "королем" "короле" "короли" "королей" "королям" "королей" "королями" "королях" masculine animate;
+know_V2= tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "зна" "ю" "знал" "знай" "знать" );
+lake_N = nChislo "озер" ;
+lamp_N = nMashina "ламп" ;
+learn_V2= tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective second "уч" "у" "учил" "учи" "учить" );
+leather_N = nEdinica "кож" ;
+leave_V2= tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective second "ухож" "у" "уходил" "уходи" "уходить" );
+like_V2= tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective second "нрав" "лю" "нравил" "нравь" "нравить" );
+listen_V2= tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "слуша" "ю" "слушал" "слушай" "слушать" );
+live_V= mkRegVerb imperfective firstE "жив" "у" "жил" "живи" "жить" ;
+long_A = AStaruyj  "длинн" "длиннее" ;
+lose_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "теря" "ю" "терял" "теряй" "терять" );
+love_N = nBol "любов" ;
+love_V2= tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective second "люб" "лю" "любил" "люби" "любить" );
+man_N = nStomatolog "человек" ;
+meat_N =nChislo "мяс" ;
+milk_N = nChislo "молок" ;
+moon_N = nMashina  "лун" ;
+mother_N2 = mkN2 ( nMashina "мам") ;
+mountain_N = nMashina "гор" ;
+music_N = nNoga "музык" ;
+narrow_A =  AStaruyj  "узк" "уже" ;
+
+new_A =  AStaruyj  "нов" "новее" ;
+newspaper_N = nMashina "газет" ;
+oil_N = nBol "нефть" ;
+old_A =  AStaruyj  "стар" "старше" ;
+open_V2= tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "открыва" "ю" "открывал" "открывай" "открывать" );
+paper_N = nNoga "бумаг" ;
+peace_N = nTelefon "мир" ;
+pen_N = nNoga "ручк" ;
+planet_N = nMashina "планет" ;
+plastic_N = nMashina "пластмасс" ;
+play_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "игра" "ю" "играл" "играй" "играть" );
+policeman_N = nTelefon "милиционер" ;
+priest_N = nStomatolog "священник" ;
+queen_N = nMashina "королев" ;
+radio_N = mkIndeclinableNoun "радио" neuter inanimate;
+read_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "чита" "ю" "читал" "читай" "читать" );
+red_A =  AStaruyj  "красн" "краснее" ;
+religion_N = nMalyariya "религи" ;
+restaurant_N = nTelefon "ресторан" ;
+river_N = nNoga "рек" ;
+rock_N = nUroven "кам" ;
+roof_N = nEdinica "крыш" ;
+rubber_N = nMashina "резин" ;
+run_V = mkRegVerb imperfective first "бега" "ю" "бегал" "бегай" "бегать" ;
+say_VS = mkRegVerb imperfective second "говор" "ю" "говорил" "говори" "говорить" ;
+school_N = nMashina "школ" ;
+science_N = nEdinica "наук" ;
+sea_N = nProizvedenie "мор" ;
+seek_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "ищ" "у" "искал" "ищи" "искать" );
+see_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective second "виж" "у" "видел" "видь" "видеть" );
+sell_V3 = tvDirDir (mkRegVerb imperfective firstE "прода" "ю" "продавал" "продавай" "продавать" );
+send_V3 = tvDirDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "посыла" "ю" "посылал" "посылай" "посылать" );
+sheep_N = nMashina "овц" ;
+ship_N = nNol "корабл" ;
+
+shirt_N = nNoga "рубашк" ;
+shoe_N =  mkN "туфля" "туфли" "туфле" "туфлю" "туфлей" "туфле" "туфли" "туфель" "туфлям" "туфли" "туфлями" "туфлях" masculine inanimate;
+shop_N = nTelefon "магазин" ;
+short_A = AMalenkij  "коротк" "короче" ;
+silver_N = nChislo "серебр" ;
+sister_N = nMashina "сестр" ;
+sleep_V = mkRegVerb imperfective second "сп" "лю" "спал" "спи" "спать" ;
+small_A = AMalenkij  "маленьк" "меньше" ;
+snake_N = nTetya"зме" ;
+sock_N = nPotolok "нос" ;
+speak_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective second "говор" "ю" "говорил" "говори" "говорить" );
+star_N = nMashina "звезд" ;
+steel_N = nBol "стал" ;
+stone_N = nNol "камен" ;
+stove_N = nBol "печ" ;
+student_N = nTelefon "студент" ;
+stupid_A =  AMolodoj  "тупой" "тупее" ;
+sun_N =  mkN "солнце" "солнца" "солнцу" "солнце" "солнцем" "солнце" "солнца" "солнц" "солнцам" "солнца" "солнцами" "солнцах" neuter inanimate;
+switch8off_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "выключа" "ю" "выключал" "выключай" "выключать") ;
+switch8on_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "включа" "ю" "включал" "включай" "включать") ;
+table_N = nTelefon "стол" ;
+teacher_N = nNol "учител" ;
+teach_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective second "уч" "у" "учил" "учи" "учить" );
+television_N = nProizvedenie "телевидени" ;
+thick_A = AStaruyj  "толст" "толще" ;
+thin_A = AMalenkij  "тонк" "тоньше" ;
+train_N = nAdres "поезд" ;
+travel_V = mkRegVerb imperfective first "путешеству" "ю" "путешествовал" "путешествуй" "путешествовать" ;
+tree_N = nChislo "дерев" ;
+--trousers_N =  mkN "" "" "" "" "" "" "штаны" "штанов" "штанам" "штаны" "штанами" "штанах" masculine inanimate;
+ugly_A = AStaruyj  "некрасив" "некрасивее" ;
+understand_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "понима" "ю" "понимал" "понимай" "понимать" );
+university_N = nTelefon "университет" ;
+village_N = nMalyariya "деревн" ;
+wait_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective firstE "жд" "у" "ждал" "жди" "ждать" );
+walk_V = mkRegVerb imperfective first "гуля" "ю" "гулял" "гуляй" "гулять" ;
+warm_A = AStaruyj  "тёпл" "теплее" ;
+war_N = nMashina "войн" ;
+watch_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective second "смотр" "ю" "смотрел" "смотри" "смотреть" );
+water_N = nMashina "вод" ;
+white_A = AStaruyj  "бел" "белее" ;
+
+window_N = nChislo "окн" ;
+wine_N = nChislo "вин" ;
+win_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "выигрыва" "ю" "выигрывал" "выигрывай" "выигрывать" );
+woman_N = nZhenchina "женщин" ;
+wood_N = nChislo "дерев" ;
+write_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "пиш" "у" "писал" "пиши" "писать" );
+yellow_A = AStaruyj  "жёлт" "желтее" ;
+young_A = AMolodoj  "молод" "моложе";
+
+  do_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "дела" "ю" "делал" "делай" "делать" );
+  now_Adv  = mkAdv "сейчас" ;
+  already_Adv  = mkAdv "уже" ;
+  song_N =  nTetya "песн" ;
+  add_V3 = mkV3 (mkRegVerb imperfective first "складыва" "ю" "складывал" "складывай" "складывать" ) "" "в" accusative accusative;
+  number_N  = nChislo  "числ" ;
+  put_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective firstE "клад" "у" "клал" "клади" "класть" );
+  stop_V = mkRegVerb imperfective first "останавлива" "ю" "останавливал" "останавливай" "останавливать";
+  jump_V = mkRegVerb imperfective first "прыга" "ю" "прыгал" "прыгай" "прыгать" ;
+
+distance_N3 = mkN3 (nProizvedenie "расстоян") from_Prep to_Prep ;
+
+-- in Russian combinations with verbs are expressed with adverbs:
+-- "легко понять" ("easy to understand"), which is different from 
+-- adjective expression "легкий для понимания" ("easy for understanding")
+-- So the next to words are adjectives, since there are such adjectives
+-- in Russian, but to use them with verb would be wrong in Russian:
+fun_AV = AStaruyj "весёл" "веселее";
+easy_A2V = mkA2 (AMalenkij "легк" "легче") "для" genitive ;
+
+empty_A =  AMolodoj "пуст" "пустее";
+married_A2 = mkA2 (adjInvar "замужем") "за" instructive ;
+paint_V2A = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "рису" "ю" "рисовал" "рисуй"  "рисовать" ) ;
+  probable_AS = AStaruyj "возможный" "возможнее";
+--  rain_V0  No such verb in Russian!
+talk_V3 = mkV3 (mkRegVerb imperfective second "говор" "ю" "говорил" "говори" "говорить" ) "с" "о" instructive prepositional;
+wonder_VQ = mkRegVerb imperfective first "интересу" "ю" "интересовал" "интересуй" "интересовать";  
+
+    -- Nouns
+
+    animal_N = nZhivotnoe "животн" ;
+    ashes_N = nPepel "пеп" ;
+    back_N = nMashina "спин" ;
+    bark_N = mkN "лай" "лая" "лаю" "лай" "лаем" "лае" "лаи" "лаев" "лаям" "лаи" "лаями" "лаях" masculine inanimate;
+    belly_N = nTelefon "живот" ;
+    bird_N = nEdinica "птиц" ;
+    blood_N = nBol "кров" ;
+    bone_N = nBol "кост" ;
+    breast_N = nBol "грудь" ;
+    
+    cloud_N = nChislo "облак" ;
+    day_N = mkN "день" "дня" "дню" "день" "днём" "дне" "дни" "дней" "дням" "дни" "днями" "днях" masculine inanimate ;
+
+    dust_N = nBol "пыл" ;
+   ear_N = nChislo "ухо" ;
+   earth_N = nTetya "земл" ;
+    egg_N = nChislo "яйц" ;
+    eye_N = nAdres "глаз" ;
+    fat_N = nBank "жир" ;
+
+--    father_N = UseN2 father_N2 ;
+    feather_N = mkN "перо" "пера" "перу" "пера" "пером" "пере" "перья" "перьев" "перьям" "перьев" "перьями" "перьях" neuter inanimate ;
+   fingernail_N = mkN "ноготь" "ногтя" "ногтю" "ногтя" "ногтем" "ногте" "ногти" "ногтей" "ногтям" "ногтей" "ногтями" "ногтях" masculine inanimate ;
+    fire_N = mkN "огонь" "огня" "огню" "огня" "огнём" "огне" "огни" "огней" "огням" "огней" "огнями" "огнях" masculine inanimate ;
+    fish_N = nMashina "рыб" ;
+    flower_N = mkN "отец" "отца" "отцу" "отца" "отцом" "отце" "отцы" "отцов" "отцам" "отцов" "отцами" "отцах" masculine animate ;
+    fog_N = nTelefon "туман" ;
+    foot_N = nTetya "ступн" ;
+    forest_N = nAdres "лес" ;
+    fruit_N = nTelefon "фрукт";
+    grass_N = nMashina "трав" ;
+    guts_N =  nBol "внутренност" ;
+    hair_N = nTelefon "волос" ;
+   hand_N =  nNoga "рук" ;
+   head_N = nMashina "голов" ;
+   heart_N = mkN "сердце" "сердца" "сердцу" "сердца" "сердцем" "сердце" "сердца" "сердец" "сердцам" "сердец" "сердцами" "сердцах" neuter inanimate;
+   horn_N = nAdres "рог" ;
+   husband_N = mkN "муж" "мужа" "мужу" "мужа" "мужем" "муже" "мужья" "мужей" "мужьям" "мужей" "мужьями" "мужьях" masculine animate ;
+   ice_N = mkN "лёд" "льда" "льду" "льда" "льдом" "льде" "льды" "льдов" "льдам" "льдов" "льдами" "льдах" masculine inanimate ;
+   knee_N = mkN "колено" "колена" "колену" "колена" "коленом" "колене" "колени" "колен" "коленам" "колен" "коленями" "коленях" neuter inanimate ;
+    lake_N = nChislo "озер" ;
+   leaf_N = nStul "лист" ;
+   leg_N = nNoga "ног" ;
+  liver_N = nBol "печен" ;
+  louse_N = mkN "вошь" "вши" "вши" "вошь" "вошью" "вше" "вши" "вшей" "вшам" "вшей" "вшами" "вшах" feminine animate ;
+   
+    meat_N = nChislo "мяс" ;
+    moon_N = nMashina "лун" ;
+    
+
+    mountain_N = nMashina "гор" ;
+   mouth_N =  mkN "рот" "рта" "рту" "рот" "ртом" "рте" "рты" "ртов" "ртам" "рты" "ртами" "ртах" masculine inanimate;
+  name_N = mkN "имя" "имени" "имени" "имя" "именем" "имени" "имена" "имён" "именам" "имена" "именами" "именах" neuter inanimate;
+  neck_N = nTetya "ше"  ;
+  night_N = nBol "ноч" ;
+  nose_N = nTelefon "нос" ;
+  person_N = nBol "личность" ;
+  rain_N = nNol "дожд" ;
+   
+  road_N = nNoga "дорог" ;
+   root_N = nUroven "кор" ;
+   rope_N =  nNoga "веревк" ;
+   salt_N = nBol "сол" ;
+   sand_N = mkN "песок" "песка" "песку" "песок" "песком" "песке" "пески" "песков" "пескам" "песков" "песками" "песках" masculine inanimate ;
+    sea_N = nProizvedenie "мор" ;
+    seed_N = mkN "семя" "семени" "семении" "семя" "семенем" "семени" "семена" "семян" "семенам" "семена" "семенами" "семенах" neuter inanimate ;
+   skin_N =  nEdinica "кож" ;
+   sky_N = mkN "небо" "неба" "небу" "небо" "небом" "небе" "небеса" "небес" "небесам" "небес" "небесами" "небесах" neuter inanimate ; 
+   smoke_N =  nTelefon "дым" ;
+    snake_N = nTetya "зме" ;
+   snow_N = nAdres "снег" ;
+    star_N = nMashina "звезд" ;
+    stick_N = nNoga "палк" ;
+
+    
+   tail_N = nTelefon "хвост" ;
+   tongue_N = nBank "язык" ;
+   tooth_N = nTelefon "зуб" ;
+    tree_N = nChislo "дерев" ;
+    water_N = nMashina "вод" ;
+    wife_N = nMashina "жен" ;
+    wind_N = mkN "ветер" "ветра" "ветру" "ветер" "ветром" "ветра" "ветров" "ветра" "ветрам" "ветров" "ветрами" "ветрах" masculine inanimate ;
+    wing_N = mkN "крыло" "крыла" "крылу" "крыло" "крылом" "крыле" "крылья" "крыльев" "крыльям" "крылья" "крыльями" "крыльях" neuter inanimate ;
+    
+   worm_N = nNol "черв" ;
+   year_N = nAdres "год" ;
+
+
+-- Verbs
+
+    bite_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  first "куса" "ю" "кусал" "кусай" "кусать");
+    blow_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  first "ду" "ю" "дул" "дуй" "дуть"  ;
+   breathe_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  second "дыш" "у" "дышал" "дыши" "дышать"  ;
+   burn_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  second "гор" "ю" "горел" "гори" "гореть"  ;
+   count_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  first "счита" "ю" "считал" "считай" "считать"  ) ;
+    cut_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  first "реж" "у" "резал" "режь" "резать" ) ;
+    dig_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  first "копа" "ю" "копал" "копай" "копать"  ;
+   
+    
+    fall_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  first "пада" "ю" "падал" "падай" "падать"  ;
+    
+    fight_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  firstE "дер" "у" "драл" "дери" "драть" ) ;
+    float_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  firstE "плыв" "у" "плыл" "плыви" "плыть"  ;
+    flow_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  firstE "тек" "у" "тёк" "теки" "течь"  ;
+    fly_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  second "лета" "ю" "летал" "летай" "летать"  ;
+    freeze_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  first "замерза" "ю" "замерзал" "замерзай" "замерзать"  ;
+    give_V3 = tvDirDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  firstE "да" "ю" "давал" "давай" "давать" ) ;
+    
+    hit_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  first "ударя" "ю" "ударял" "ударяй" "ударять"  );
+    hold_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  second "держ" "у" "держал" "держи" "держать"  );
+    hunt_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  second "охоч" "у" "охотил" "охоть" "охотить" ) ;
+    kill_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  first "убива" "ю" "убивал" "убивай" "убивать" ) ;
+    
+    laugh_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  firstE "сме" "ю" "смеял" "смей" "смеять"  ;
+    lie_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  firstE "лг" "у" "лгал" "лги" "лгать"  ;
+    play_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  first "игра" "ю" "играл" "играй" "играть"  ;
+    pull_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  first "тян" "у" "тянул" "тяни" "тянуть" ) ;
+    push_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  first "толка" "ю" "толкал" "толкай" "толкать"  );
+    rub_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  firstE "тр" "у" "тёр" "три" "тереть"  );
+    
+    scratch_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  first "чеш" "у" "чесал" "чеши" "чесать" ) ;    
+
+    sew_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  firstE "шь" "ю" "шил" "шей" "шить"  ;
+    sing_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  firstE "по" "ю" "пел" "пой" "петь"  ;
+    sit_V = mkVerbum imperfective  "сижу" "сидишь" "сидит" "сидим" "сидите" "сидят" "сидел" "сиди" "сидеть"  ;
+    smell_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  first "пахн" "у" "пахнул" "пахни" "пахнуть"  ;
+    spit_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  firstE "плю" "ю" "плевал" "плюй" "плевать"  ;
+    split_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  first "разбива" "ю" "разбивал" "разбей" "разбивать" ) ;
+    squeeze_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  first "сжима" "ю" "сжимал" "сжимай" "сжимать" ) ;
+    stab_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  first "кол" "ю" "колол" "коли" "колоть" ) ;
+    stand_V = mkRegVerb imperfective second "сто" "ю" "стоял" "стой" "стоять"  ;
+    suck_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  firstE "сос" "у" "сосал" "соси" "сосать")  ;
+    swell_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  first "опуха" "ю" "опухал" "опухай" "опухать"  ;
+    swim_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  first "плава" "ю" "плавал" "плавай" "плавать"  ;
+    think_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  first "дума" "ю" "думал" "думай" "думать"  ;
+    throw_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  first "броса" "ю" "бросал" "бросай" "бросать" ) ;
+    tie_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  first "вяж" "у" "вязал" "вяжи" "вязать")  ;
+    turn_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  first "поворачива" "ю" "поворачивал" "поворачивай" "поворачивать"  ;
+    vomit_V = mkRegVerb imperfective  firstE "рв" "у" "рвал" "рви" "рвать"  ;
+    wash_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  first "мо" "ю" "мыл" "мой" "мыть" ) ;
+    wipe_V2 = tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective  first "вытира" "ю" "вытирал" "вытирай" "вытирать"  );
+
+
+    correct_A = AStaruyj "правильн" "правильнее"; 
+    dry_A = AMolodoj "сух" "суше";
+
+   
+    dull_A = AStaruyj "скучн" "скучнее";
+    far_Adv = mkAdv "далеко";
+    full_A = AStaruyj "полн" "полнее";
+    heavy_A = AStaruyj "тяжел" "тяжелее";
+    left_Ord = (uy_j_EndDecl   "лев" ) ** {lock_A = <>}; 
+    near_A = AMalenkij "близк" "ближе";
+    right_Ord = (uy_j_EndDecl  "прав") ** {lock_A = <>} ;
+    rotten_A = AMolodoj "гнил" "гнилее";
+    round_A = AStaruyj "кругл" "круглее";
+    sharp_A = AStaruyj "остр" "острее";
+    smooth_A = AMalenkij "гладк" "глаже";
+    straight_A = AMolodoj "прям" "прямее";
+    wet_A = AStaruyj "мокр" "мокрее";
+    wide_A = AMalenkij "широк" "шире";
 
+fear_V2 =tvDir (mkRegVerb imperfective first "бо" "ю" "боял" "бой" "боять" );

lib/resource-1.0/russian/NounRus.gf

@@ -1,77 +1,166 @@
 --# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../../prelude
 
+concrete NounRus of Noun = CatRus ** open ResRus, Prelude, MorphoRus in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+    DetCN kazhduj okhotnik = {
+      s = \\c => case kazhduj.c of {
+       Nom => 
+        kazhduj.s ! AF (extCase c) okhotnik.anim (gNum okhotnik.g kazhduj.n) ++ 
+         okhotnik.s ! kazhduj.n ! (extCase c) ; 
+       _ => 
+        kazhduj.s ! AF (extCase c) okhotnik.anim (gNum okhotnik.g kazhduj.n) ++ 
+         okhotnik.s ! kazhduj.n ! kazhduj.c };
+      n = kazhduj.n ; 
+      p = P3 ;
+      pron = False;
+      g = kazhduj.g ;
+      anim = okhotnik.anim 
+    } ;
+
+    UsePN masha = {
+      s = \\c => masha.s ! (extCase c) ; 
+      p = P3; g = PGen masha.g ; anim = masha.anim ; 
+      n = Sg; nComp = Sg; pron = False} ;
+
+    UsePron p = p ** {anim = Inanimate};
+
+    PredetNP pred np = {
+      s = \\pf => pred.s! (AF (extCase pf) np.anim (gNum (pgen2gen np.g) np.n))++ np.s ! pf ;
+      n = np.n;
+      p = np.p;
+      g = np.g;
+      anim = np.anim;
+      pron = np.pron
+      } ;
+
+    DetSg quant ord = {
+      s = \\af => quant.s!af ++ ord.s!af ; 
+      n = quant.n;
+      g = quant.g;
+      c = quant.c
+      } ;
+
+
+    DetPl quant num ord = {
+      s =  \\af => quant.s !af ++ num.s! (caseAF af) ! (genAF af)  ++ ord.s!af ; 
+      n = Pl;
+      g = quant.g;
+      c = quant.c
+      } ;
+
+    SgQuant quant = {s = quant.s; c=quant.c; g=quant.g; n= Sg} ;
+    PlQuant quant = {s = quant.s ; c=quant.c; g=quant.g; n= Pl} ;
+
+    PossPron p = {s = \\af => p.s ! mkPronForm (caseAF af) No (Poss (gNum (genAF af) (numAF af) )); c=Nom; g = PNoGen} ;
+
+      NoNum = {s = \\_,_ => []} ; -- cardinal numeral
+      NoOrd = {s = \\_ => []} ;   -- adjective
+
+-- unclear how to tell apart the numbers from their string representation,
+-- so just leave a decimal representation, without case-suffixes:
+    NumInt i =  {s = table { _ => table {_ => i.s } } } ;
+
+--    OrdInt n = case n of {
+--       0|2|6 => (uy_oj_EndDecl n.s) ; 
+--       3 => (ti_j_EndDecl n.s) ; 
+--       _ => uy_j_EndDecl n.s }  ;
+
+--  OrdNumeral numeral = 
+--    {s = \\ af => (uy_j_EndDecl (numeral.s ! caseAF af ! genAF af)).s!af} ;
+
+    NumNumeral n = n ;
+
+
+    AdNum adn num = {s = \\c,n => adn.s ++ num.s!c!n} ;
+
+    OrdSuperl a = {s = a.s!Posit};
+
+    DefArt = {s = \\_=>[] ; c=Nom; g = PNoGen };
+    IndefArt = { s = \\_=>[] ; c=Nom; g = PNoGen };
+    MassDet = {s = \\_=>[] ; c=Nom; g = PNoGen; n = Sg} ;
+
+  UseN  sb =
+    {s = \\n,c => sb.s ! SF n c ; 
+     g = sb.g ; 
+     anim = sb.anim
+    } ;
+
+-- It is possible to use a function word as a common noun; the semantics is
+-- often existential or indexical.
+  UseN2 x = x ;
+  UseN3 x = x ;
+
+-- The application of a function gives, in the first place, a common noun:
+-- "ключ от дома". From this, other rules of the resource grammar 
+-- give noun phrases, such as "ключи от дома", "ключи от дома
+-- и от машины", and "ключ от дома и машины" (the
+-- latter two corresponding to distributive and collective functions,
+-- respectively). Semantics will eventually tell when each
+-- of the readings is meaningful.
+
+  ComplN2 mama ivan =
+     {s = \\n, cas =>  case ivan.pron of 
+       { True => ivan.s ! (mkPronForm cas No (Poss (gNum mama.g n))) ++ mama.s ! n ! cas;
+         False => mama.s ! n ! cas ++ mama.s2 ++ 
+         ivan.s ! (mkPronForm mama.c Yes (Poss (gNum mama.g n)))
+       };
+       g = mama.g ;
+       anim = mama.anim
+      } ;
+
+-- Two-place functions add one argument place.
+-- There application starts by filling the first place.
+
+  ComplN3 poezd paris =
+    {s  = \\n,c => poezd.s ! n ! c ++ poezd.s2 ++ paris.s ! (PF poezd.c Yes NonPoss) ;
+     g  = poezd.g ; anim = poezd.anim;
+     s2 = poezd.s3; c = poezd.c2 
+    } ;
+
+
+-- The two main functions of adjective are in predication ("Иван - молод")
+-- and in modification ("молодой человек"). Predication will be defined
+-- later, in the chapter on verbs.
+
+  AdjCN khoroshij novayaMashina =
+    {s = \\n, c => 
+         khoroshij.s ! AF c novayaMashina.anim (gNum novayaMashina.g n) ++ 
+         novayaMashina.s ! n ! c ;
+         g = novayaMashina.g ; 
+         anim = novayaMashina.anim
+     } ;                          
+
+-- This is a source of the "man with a telescope" ambiguity, and may produce
+-- strange things, like "машины всегда".
+-- Semantics will have to make finer distinctions among adverbials.
+
+  AdvCN chelovek uTelevizora =
+    {s = \\n,c => chelovek.s ! n ! c ++ uTelevizora.s ;
+     g = chelovek.g ;
+     anim = chelovek.anim 
+    } ;
+
+-- Constructions like "the idea that two is even" are formed at the
+-- first place as common nouns, so that one can also have "a suggestion that...".
+
+  SentCN idea x =
+    {s = \\n,c => idea.s ! n ! c ++ ["о том, что"] ++ x.s ; 
+     g = idea.g; anim = idea.anim
+    } ;
+
+  RelCN idea x =
+    {s = \\n,c => idea.s ! n ! c ++ ["о том, что"] ++ x.s !(gNum idea.g n)!c!idea.anim ; 
+     g = idea.g; anim = idea.anim
+    } ;
+
+  ApposCN cn s =
+    {s = \\n,c => cn.s ! n ! c ++ s.s! PF c No NonPoss ; 
+     g = cn.g ;
+     anim = cn.anim
     } ;
 
-concrete NounRus of Noun = CatRus ** open ResRus, Prelude in {
---
---  flags optimize=all_subs ;
---
---  lin
---    DetCN det cn = {
---      s = \\c => det.s ++ cn.s ! det.n ! c ; 
---      a = agrP3 det.n
---      } ;
---    UsePN pn = pn ** {a = agrP3 Sg} ;
---    UsePron p = p ;
---
---    PredetNP pred np = {
---      s = \\c => pred.s ++ np.s ! c ;
---      a = np.a
---      } ;
---
---    DetSg quant ord = {
---      s = quant.s ++ ord.s ; 
---      n = Sg
---      } ;
---
---    DetPl quant num ord = {
---      s = quant.s ++ num.s ++ ord.s ; 
---      n = Pl
---      } ;
---
---    SgQuant quant = {s = quant.s ! Sg} ;
---    PlQuant quant = {s = quant.s ! Pl} ;
---
---    PossPron p = {s = \\_ => p.s ! Gen} ;
---
---    NoNum, NoOrd = {s = []} ;
---
---    NumInt n = n ;
---    OrdInt n = {s = n.s ++ "th"} ; ---
---
---    NumNumeral numeral = {s = numeral.s ! NCard} ;
---    OrdNumeral numeral = {s = numeral.s ! NOrd} ;
---
---    AdNum adn num = {s = adn.s ++ num.s} ;
---
---    OrdSuperl a = {s = a.s ! AAdj Superl} ;
---
---    DefArt = {s = \\_ => artDef} ;
---
---    IndefArt = {
---      s = table {
---        Sg => artIndef ; 
---        Pl => []
---        }
---      } ;
---
---    MassDet = {s = [] ; n = Sg} ;
---
---    UseN n = n ;
---    UseN2 n = n ;
---    UseN3 n = n ;
---
---    ComplN2 f x = {s = \\n,c => f.s ! n ! Nom ++ f.c2 ++ x.s ! c} ;
---    ComplN3 f x = {s = \\n,c => f.s ! n ! Nom ++ f.c2 ++ x.s ! c ; c2 = f.c3} ;
---
---    AdjCN ap cn = {
---      s = \\n,c => preOrPost ap.isPre (ap.s ! agrP3 n) (cn.s ! n ! c)
---      } ;
---    RelCN cn rs = {s = \\n,c => cn.s ! n ! c ++ rs.s ! {n = n ; p = P3}} ;
---    AdvCN cn ad = {s = \\n,c => cn.s ! n ! c ++ ad.s} ;
---
---    SentCN cn sc = {s = \\n,c => cn.s ! n ! c ++ sc.s} ;
---
---    ApposCN cn np = {s = \\n,c => cn.s ! n ! Nom ++ np.s ! c} ;
---
   
+}

lib/resource-1.0/russian/NumeralRus.gf

@@ -1,46 +1,103 @@
 --# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../../prelude
 
 concrete NumeralRus of Numeral = CatRus ** open ResRus in {
---
---lincat 
---  Digit = {s : DForm => CardOrd => Str} ;
---  Sub10 = {s : DForm => CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} ;
---  Sub100     = {s : CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} ;
---  Sub1000    = {s : CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} ;
---  Sub1000000 = {s : CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} ;
---
---lin num x = x ;
---lin n2 = let two = mkNum "two"   "twelve"   "twenty" "second" in
---         {s = \\f,c => case <f,c> of {
---             <teen,NOrd> => "twelfth" ;
---             _ => two.s ! f ! c
---             }
---         } ;
---
---lin n3 = mkNum "three" "thirteen" "thirty" "third" ;
---lin n4 = mkNum "four"  "fourteen" "forty" "fourth" ;
---lin n5 = mkNum "five"  "fifteen"  "fifty" "fifth" ;
---lin n6 = regNum "six" ;
---lin n7 = regNum "seven" ;
---lin n8 = mkNum "eight" "eighteen" "eighty" "eighth" ;
---lin n9 = regNum "nine" ;
---
---lin pot01 = mkNum "one" "eleven" "ten" "first" ** {n = Sg} ;
---lin pot0 d = d ** {n = Pl} ;
---lin pot110 = regCardOrd "ten" ** {n = Pl} ;
---lin pot111 = regCardOrd "eleven" ** {n = Pl} ;
---lin pot1to19 d = {s = d.s ! teen} ** {n = Pl} ;
---lin pot0as1 n = {s = n.s ! unit}  ** {n = n.n} ;
---lin pot1 d = {s = d.s ! ten} ** {n = Pl} ;
---lin pot1plus d e = {
---   s = \\c => d.s ! ten ! NCard ++ "-" ++ e.s ! unit ! c ; n = Pl} ;
---lin pot1as2 n = n ;
---lin pot2 d = {s = \\c => d.s ! unit ! NCard ++ mkCard c "hundred"}  ** {n = Pl} ;
---lin pot2plus d e = {
---  s = \\c => d.s ! unit ! NCard ++ "hundred" ++ "and" ++ e.s ! c ; n = Pl} ;
---lin pot2as3 n = n ;
---lin pot3 n = {
---  s = \\c => n.s ! NCard ++ mkCard c "thousand" ; n = Pl} ;
---lin pot3plus n m = {
---  s = \\c => n.s ! NCard ++ "thousand" ++ m.s ! c ; n = Pl} ;
+
+flags  coding=utf8 ;
+
+-- Toiska, 13/8/2000, AR with Arto Mustajoki.
+
+lincat Digit = {s : DForm => Gender => Str ; size : Size} ;
+lincat Sub10 = {s : Place => DForm => Gender => Str ; size : Size} ;
+lincat Sub100 = {s : Place => Gender => Str ; size : Size} ;
+lincat Sub1000 = {s : Place => Gender => Str ; size : Size} ;
+lincat Sub1000000 = {s : Gender => Str} ;
+
+lin num x = {s = table{ _ => x.s }};
+
+lin n2  =
+  {s = table {{unit} => table {{Fem} => "две" ; _ => "два"} ; 
+            {teen} => gg "двенадцать" ; 
+            {ten}  => gg "двадцать" ;
+            {hund} => gg "двести"} ; 
+   size = sgg} ;
+lin n3  =
+  {s = table {{unit} => gg "три" ; 
+            {teen} => gg "тринадцать" ; 
+            {ten}  => gg "тридцать" ;
+            {hund} => gg "триста"} ; 
+  size = sgg} ;
+lin n4  =
+  {s = table {{unit} => gg "четыре" ; 
+            {teen} => gg "четырнадцать" ; 
+            {ten}  => gg "сорок" ;
+            {hund} => gg "четыреста"} ; 
+  size = sgg} ;
+lin n5  =
+  {s = table {{unit} => gg "пять" ; 
+            {teen} => gg "пятнадцать" ; 
+            {ten}  => gg "пятьдесят" ;
+            {hund} => gg "пятьсот"} ; 
+  size = plg} ;
+lin n6  =
+  {s = table {{unit} => gg "шесть" ; 
+            {teen} => gg "шестнадцать" ; 
+            {ten}  => gg "шестьдесят" ;
+            {hund} => gg "шестьсот"} ; 
+  size = plg} ;
+lin n7  =
+  {s = table {{unit} => gg "семь" ; 
+            {teen} => gg "семнадцать" ; 
+            {ten}  => gg "семьдесят" ;
+            {hund} => gg "семьсот"} ; 
+  size = plg} ;
+lin n8  =
+  {s = table {{unit} => gg "восемь" ; 
+            {teen} => gg "восемнадцать" ; 
+            {ten}  => gg "восемьдесят" ;
+            {hund} => gg "восемьсот"} ; 
+  size = plg} ;
+lin n9  =
+  {s = table {{unit} => gg "девять" ; 
+            {teen} => gg "девятнадцать" ; 
+            {ten}  => gg "девяносто" ;
+            {hund} => gg "девятьсот"} ; 
+  size = plg} ;
+
+
+lin pot01  =
+  {s = table {{attr} => table {{hund} => gg "сто" ; _ => gg []} ; 
+            _ => table {{hund} => gg "сто" ; 
+                     _ => table {{Masc} => "один" ; {Fem} => "одна" ; _ => "одно"}}} ;
+   size = nom} ;
+lin pot0 d =
+  {s = table {_ => d.s} ; size = d.size} ;
+lin pot110  =
+  {s = table {_ => gg "десять"} ; size = plg} ;
+lin pot111  =
+  {s = table {_ => gg "одиннадцать"} ; size = plg} ; --- 11
+lin pot1to19 d =
+  {s = table {_ => d.s ! teen} ; size = plg} ;
+lin pot0as1 n =
+  {s = table {p => n.s ! p ! unit} ; size = n.size} ;
+lin pot1 d =
+  {s = table {_ => d.s ! ten} ; size = plg} ; ---
+lin pot1plus d e =
+  {s = table {_ => 
+            table {g => d.s ! ten ! g ++ e.s ! indep ! unit ! g}} ; size = e.size} ;
+lin pot1as2 n =
+  {s = n.s ; size = n.size} ;
+lin pot2 d =
+  {s = table {p => d.s ! p ! hund} ; size = plg} ;
+lin pot2plus d e =
+  {s = table {p => table {g => d.s ! p ! hund ! g ++ e.s ! indep ! g}} ; size = e.size} ;
+lin pot2as3 n =
+  {s = n.s ! indep} ;
+lin pot3 n =
+  {s = gg (n.s ! attr ! Fem ++ mille ! n.size)} ;
+lin pot3plus n m =
+  {s = table {g => n.s ! attr ! Fem ++ mille ! n.size ++ m.s ! indep ! g}} ;
+
+--- TODO
+--- raz/odin
 }
+

lib/resource-1.0/russian/ParadigmsRus.gf

@@ -1,37 +1,493 @@
 --# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude:../common
+
+--1 Russian Lexical Paradigms
 --
-----1 Russian Lexical Paradigms
-----
----- Aarne Ranta 2003--2005
-----
----- This is an API to the user of the resource grammar 
----- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
----- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
----- 
----- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
----- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$. 
-----
----- The main difference with $MorphoRus.gf$ is that the types
----- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
----- had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather
----- than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms.
-----
----- The structure of functions for each word class $C$ is the following:
----- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
----- regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function $mkC$, which serves as an
----- escape to construct the most irregular words of type $C$.
----- However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
----- separate module $IrregularRus$, which covers all irregularly inflected
----- words.
----- 
----- The following modules are presupposed:
+-- Janna Khegai 2003--2005
 --
+-- This is an API to the user of the resource grammar 
+-- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
+-- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
+-- 
+-- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
+-- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$. 
+--
+-- The main difference with $MorphoEng.gf$ is that the types
+-- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
+-- had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather
+-- than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms.
+--
+-- The structure of functions for each word class $C$ is the following:
+-- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
+-- regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function $mkC$, which serves as an
+-- escape to construct the most irregular words of type $C$.
+-- However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
+-- separate module $IrregularEng$, which covers all irregularly inflected
+-- words.
+-- 
+-- The following modules are presupposed:
+
 resource ParadigmsRus = open 
- (Predef=Predef), 
+  (Predef=Predef), 
   Prelude, 
   MorphoRus,
-  CatRus
+  CatRus,
+  NounRus
   in {
+
+flags  coding=utf8 ;
+
+--2 Parameters 
+--
+-- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
+
+oper
+  Gender : Type ;
+  masculine : Gender ;
+  feminine  : Gender ;
+  neuter    : Gender ;
+
+-- To abstract over case names, we define the following.
+  Case : Type ;
+
+  nominative    : Case ;
+  genitive      : Case ;
+  dative        : Case ;
+  accusative    : Case ; 
+  instructive   : Case ;
+  prepositional : Case ;
+
+-- In some (written in English) textbooks accusative case 
+-- is put on the second place. However, we follow the case order 
+-- standard for Russian textbooks.
+
+-- To abstract over number names, we define the following.
+  Number : Type ;
+
+  singular : Number ;
+  plural   : Number ;
+
+--2 Nouns
+
+-- Best case: indeclinabe nouns: "кофе", "пальто", "ВУЗ".
+  Animacy: Type ; 
+  
+  animate: Animacy;
+  inanimate: Animacy; 
+ 
+   mkIndeclinableNoun: Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> N ; 
+
+-- Worst case - give six singular forms:
+-- Nominative, Genetive, Dative, Accusative, Instructive and Prepositional;
+-- corresponding six plural forms and the gender.
+-- May be the number of forms needed can be reduced, 
+-- but this requires a separate investigation.
+-- Animacy parameter (determining whether the Accusative form is equal 
+-- to the Nominative or the Genetive one) is actually of no help, 
+-- since there are a lot of exceptions and the gain is just one form less.
+
+  mkN  : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> Animacy -> N ; 
+
+     -- мужчина, мужчины, мужчине, мужчину, мужчиной, мужчине
+     -- мужчины, мужчин, мужчинам, мужчин, мужчинами, мужчинах
+
+
+-- Here are some common patterns. The list is far from complete.
+
+-- Feminine patterns.
+
+  nMashina   : Str -> N ;    -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "-а", Inst -"машин-ой"
+  nEdinica   : Str -> N ;    -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "-а", Inst -"единиц-ей"
+  nZhenchina : Str -> N ;    -- feminine, animate, ending with "-a"
+  nNoga      : Str -> N ;    -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "г_к_х-a"
+  nMalyariya  : Str -> N ;    -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "-иÑ<C2B8>"   
+  nTetya     : Str -> N ;    -- feminine, animate, ending with "-Ñ<>"   
+  nBol       : Str -> N ;    -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "-ь"(soft sign)     
+
+-- Neuter patterns. 
+
+  nObezbolivauchee : Str -> N ;   -- neutral, inanimate, ending with "-ee" 
+  nProizvedenie : Str -> N ;   -- neutral, inanimate, ending with "-e" 
+  nChislo : Str -> N ;   -- neutral, inanimate, ending with "-o" 
+  nZhivotnoe : Str -> N ;    -- masculine, inanimate, ending with "-ень"
+
+-- Masculine patterns. 
+
+--Ending with consonant: 
+nPepel : Str -> N ;    -- masculine, inanimate, ending with "-ел"- "пеп-ла"
+
+  nBrat: Str -> N ;   -- animate, брат-ÑŒÑ<C592>
+  nStul: Str -> N ;    -- same as above, but inanimate
+  nMalush : Str -> N ; -- малышей
+  nPotolok : Str -> N ; -- потол-ок - потол-ка
+
+ -- the next four differ in plural nominative and/or accusative form(s) :
+  nBank: Str -> N ;    -- банк-и (Nom=Acc)
+  nStomatolog : Str -> N ;  -- same as above, but animate
+  nAdres     : Str -> N ;     -- адреÑ<C2B5>-а (Nom=Acc)
+  nTelefon   : Str -> N ;     -- телефон-ы (Nom=Acc)
+
+  nNol       : Str -> N ;    -- masculine, inanimate, ending with "-ь" (soft sign)
+  nUroven    : Str -> N ;    -- masculine, inanimate, ending with "-ень"
+
+-- Nouns used as functions need a preposition. The most common is with Genitive.
+
+  mkFun  : N -> Prep -> N2 ;
+  mkN2 : N -> N2 ;
+  mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
+
+-- Proper names.
+
+  mkPN  : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> PN ;          -- "Иван", "Маша"
+  nounPN : N -> PN ;
+  
+-- On the top level, it is maybe $CN$ that is used rather than $N$, and
+-- $NP$ rather than $PN$.
+
+  mkCN  : N -> CN ;
+  mkNP  : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> NP ;
+
+
+--2 Adjectives
+
+-- Non-comparison (only positive degree) one-place adjectives need 28 (4 by 7)
+-- forms in the worst case:
+
+
+--                        Masculine  | Feminine | Neutral | Plural
+--  Nominative
+--  Genitive
+--  Dative
+--  Accusative Inanimate
+--  Accusative Animate
+--  Instructive
+--  Prepositional
+
+
+-- Notice that 4 short forms, which exist for some adjectives are not included 
+-- in the current description, otherwise there would be 32 forms for 
+-- positive degree.
+
+-- mkA : ( : Str) -> A ;
+
+-- Invariable adjective is a special case.
+
+   adjInvar : Str -> A ;          -- khaki, mini, hindi, netto
+
+-- Some regular patterns depending on the ending.
+
+   AStaruyj : Str -> Str -> A ;             -- ending with "-ый"
+   AMalenkij : Str -> Str -> A ;            -- ending with "-ий", Gen - "маленьк-ого"
+   AKhoroshij : Str -> Str -> A ;         --  ending with "-ий", Gen - "хорош-его"
+     AMolodoj : Str -> Str -> A ;             -- ending with "-ой", 
+                                           -- plural - молод-ые"
+   AKakoj_Nibud : Str -> Str -> Str -> A ;  -- ending with "-ой", 
+                                           -- plural - "как-ие"
+
+-- Two-place adjectives need a preposition and a case as extra arguments.
+
+   mkA2 : A -> Str -> Case -> A2 ;  -- "делим на"
+
+-- Comparison adjectives need a positive adjective 
+-- (28 forms without short forms). 
+-- Taking only one comparative form (non-syntaxic) and 
+-- only one superlative form (syntaxic) we can produce the
+-- comparison adjective with only one extra argument -
+-- non-syntaxic comparative form.
+-- Syntaxic forms are based on the positive forms.
+
+
+--   mkADeg : A -> Str -> ADeg ;
+
+-- On top level, there are adjectival phrases. The most common case is
+-- just to use a one-place adjective. 
+--   ap : A  -> IsPostfixAdj -> AP ;
+
+--2 Adverbs
+
+-- Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
+-- after the verb. Some can be preverbal (e.g. "always").
+
+  mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
+
+--2 Verbs
+--
+-- In our lexicon description ("Verbum") there are 62 forms: 
+-- 2 (Voice) by { 1 (infinitive) + [2(number) by 3 (person)](imperative) + 
+-- [ [2(Number) by 3(Person)](present) + [2(Number) by 3(Person)](future) + 
+-- 4(GenNum)(past) ](indicative)+ 4 (GenNum) (subjunctive) } 
+-- Participles (Present and Past) and Gerund forms are not included, 
+-- since they fuction more like Adjectives and Adverbs correspondingly
+-- rather than verbs. Aspect regarded as an inherent parameter of a verb.
+-- Notice, that some forms are never used for some verbs. Actually, 
+-- the majority of verbs do not have many of the forms.
+Voice: Type; 
+Aspect: Type; 
+--Tense : Type;  
+Bool: Type;
+Conjugation: Type ;
+
+first: Conjugation; -- "гулÑ<C2BB>-Ешь, гулÑ<C2BB>-Ем"
+firstE: Conjugation; -- Verbs with vowel "ё": "даёшь" (give), "пьёшь" (drink)  
+second: Conjugation; -- "вид-Ишь, вид-Им"
+mixed: Conjugation; -- "хоч-Ешь - хот-Им"
+dolzhen: Conjugation; -- irregular
+
+true: Bool;
+false: Bool;
+ 
+active: Voice ;
+passive: Voice ;
+imperfective: Aspect;
+perfective: Aspect ;  
+--present : Tense ;
+--past : Tense ;
+
+
+-- The worst case need 6 forms of the present tense in indicative mood
+-- ("Ñ<> бегу", "Ñ‚Ñ‹ бежишь", "он бежит", "мы бежим", "вы бежите", "они бегут"),
+-- a past form (singular, masculine: "Ñ<> бежал"), an imperative form 
+-- (singular, second person: "беги"), an infinitive ("бежать").
+-- Inherent aspect should also be specified.
+
+   mkVerbum : Aspect -> (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V ;
+
+-- Common conjugation patterns are two conjugations: 
+--  first - verbs ending with "-ать/-Ñ<>Ñ‚ÑŒ" and second - "-ить/-еть".
+-- Instead of 6 present forms of the worst case, we only need
+-- a present stem and one ending (singular, first person):
+-- "Ñ<> люб-лю", "Ñ<> жд-у", etc. To determine where the border
+-- between stem and ending lies it is sufficient to compare 
+-- first person from with second person form:
+-- "Ñ<> люб-лю", "Ñ‚Ñ‹ люб-ишь". Stems shoud be the same.
+-- So the definition for verb "любить"  looks like:
+-- mkRegVerb Imperfective Second "люб" "лю" "любил" "люби" "любить";
+
+   mkRegVerb :Aspect -> Conjugation -> (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V ; 
+
+-- For writing an application grammar one usualy doesn't need
+-- the whole inflection table, since each verb is used in 
+-- a particular context that determines some of the parameters
+-- (Tense and Voice while Aspect is fixed from the beginning) for certain usage. 
+-- The "V" type, that have these parameters fixed. 
+-- We can extract the "V" from the lexicon.
+
+--   mkV: Verbum -> Voice ->  V ;
+--   mkPresentV: Verbum -> Voice -> V ;
+
+
+-- Two-place verbs, and the special case with direct object. Notice that
+-- a particle can be included in a $V$.
+
+   mkTV     : V   -> Str -> Case -> V2 ;   -- "войти в дом"; "в", accusative
+   mkV3  : V -> Str -> Str -> Case -> Case -> V3 ; -- "Ñ<>ложить пиÑ<C2B8>ьмо в конверт"
+   tvDir    : V -> V2 ;                    -- "видеть", "любить"
+   tvDirDir : V -> V3 ; 
+                            
+-- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
+-- hidden from the document.
+--.
+  Gender = MorphoRus.Gender ;
+  Case = MorphoRus.Case ;
+  Number = MorphoRus.Number ;
+  Animacy = MorphoRus.Animacy;
+  Aspect = MorphoRus.Aspect;
+  Voice = MorphoRus.Voice ;
+  --Tense = Tense ;
+   Bool = Prelude.Bool ;
+  Conjugation = MorphoRus.Conjugation;
+first = First ;
+firstE = FirstE ;
+second = Second ;
+mixed = Mixed ;
+dolzhen = Dolzhen; 
+
+  true = True;
+  false = False ;
+  masculine = Masc ;
+  feminine  = Fem ;
+  neuter = Neut ;
+  nominative = Nom ;
+  accusative = Acc ;
+  dative = Dat ;
+  genitive = Gen ;
+  instructive = Inst ;
+  prepositional = Prepos ;
+  singular = Sg ;
+  plural = Pl ;
+  animate = Animate ;
+  inanimate = Inanimate ;
+  active = Act ;
+  passive = Pass ; 
+  imperfective = Imperfective ;
+  perfective = Perfective ;
+ -- present = Present ;
+  --past = Past ;
+  --  Degree     = Pos | Comp | Super ;
+ -- Person     = P1 | P2 | P3 ;
+ -- AfterPrep  = Yes | No ; 
+ -- Possessive = NonPoss | Poss GenNum ;
+
+-- Noun definitions
+
+  mkIndeclinableNoun = \s,g, anim ->
+   {
+     s = table { SF _ _ => s } ;
+     g = g ;
+     anim = anim 
+   } ** {lock_N = <>};
+
+
+  mkN =  \nomSg, genSg, datSg, accSg, instSg, preposSg,
+          nomPl, genPl, datPl, accPl, instPl, preposPl, g, anim ->
+   {
+     s = table { 
+           SF Sg Nom => nomSg ;
+           SF Sg Gen => genSg ;
+           SF Sg Dat => datSg ;
+           SF Sg Acc => accSg ;
+           SF Sg Inst => instSg ;
+           SF Sg Prepos => preposSg ;
+           SF Pl Nom => nomPl ;
+           SF Pl Gen => genPl ;
+           SF Pl Dat => datPl ;
+           SF Pl Acc => accPl ;
+           SF Pl Inst => instPl ;
+           SF Pl Prepos => preposPl      
+     } ;                           
+     g = g ;
+     anim = anim
+   } ** {lock_N = <>}  ;
+
+  nMashina   = \s -> aEndInAnimateDecl s ** {lock_N = <>};
+  nEdinica   = \s -> ej_aEndInAnimateDecl s ** {lock_N = <>};
+  nZhenchina = \s -> (aEndAnimateDecl s) ** { g = Fem ; anim = Animate } ** {lock_N = <>}; 
+  nNoga      = \s -> aEndG_K_KH_Decl s ** {lock_N = <>};    
+  nMalyariya  = \s -> i_yaEndDecl s ** {lock_N = <>};
+  nTetya     = \s -> (yaEndAnimateDecl s) ** {g = Fem; anim = Animate; lock_N = <>} ;
+  nBol       = \s -> softSignEndDeclFem  s ** {lock_N = <>};
+
+-- Neuter patterns. 
+
+  nObezbolivauchee = \s -> eeEndInAnimateDecl s ** {lock_N = <>};
+  nZhivotnoe = \s -> oeEndAnimateDecl s ** {lock_N = <>};
+  nProizvedenie = \s -> eEndInAnimateDecl s ** {lock_N = <>};
+  nChislo = \s -> oEndInAnimateDecl s ** {lock_N = <>};
+
+
+-- Masculine patterns. 
+  nBank = \s -> nullEndInAnimateDecl s ** {lock_N = <>}; 
+  nStomatolog = \s -> nullEndAnimateDecl s ** {lock_N = <>};
+  nMalush = \s -> shEndDeclMasc s ** {lock_N = <>};
+  nPotolok = \s ->okEndDeclMasc s ** {lock_N = <>};
+
+  nBrat = \s -> nullEndAnimateDeclBrat s** {lock_N = <>}; 
+  nStul = \s -> nullEndInAnimateDeclStul s** {lock_N = <>}; 
+
+  nAdres     = \s -> nullEndInAnimateDecl2 s ** {lock_N = <>}; 
+  nTelefon   = \s -> nullEndInAnimateDecl1 s ** {lock_N = <>}; 
+  nPepel   = \s -> nullEndInAnimateDeclPepel s ** {lock_N = <>}; 
+
+  nNol       = \s -> softSignEndDeclMasc s ** {lock_N = <>};
+  nUroven    = \s -> EN_softSignEndDeclMasc s ** {lock_N = <>};
+
+
+-- An individual-valued function is a common noun together with the
+-- preposition prefixed to its argument ("клÑZÑ+ оÑ' дома").
+-- The situation is analogous to two-place adjectives and transitive verbs.
+--
+-- We allow the genitive construction to be used as a variant of
+-- all function applications. It would definitely be too restrictive only
+-- to allow it when the required case is genitive. We don't know if there
+-- are counterexamples to the liberal choice we've made.
+
+  mkFun f p = (UseN f) ** {s2 = p.s ; c = p.c}** {lock_N2 = <>}  ;
+
+-- The commonest cases are functions with Genitive.
+  mkN2 n = mkFun n nullPrep ;
+  nullPrep : Prep = {s = []; c= Gen; lock_Prep=<>} ;  
+
+  mkN3 f p r = (UseN f) ** {s2 = p.s ; c=p.c; s3=r.s ; c2=r.c; lock_N3 = <>} ; 
+
+
+  mkPN = \ivan, g, anim -> 
+    case g of { 
+       Masc => mkProperNameMasc ivan anim ; 
+       _ => mkProperNameFem ivan anim
+    } ** {lock_PN =<>};
+  nounPN n = {s=\\c => n.s! SF Sg c; anim=n.anim; g=n.g; lock_PN=<>};
+    
+  mkCN = UseN;
+
+  mkNP = \x,y,z -> UsePN (mkPN x y z) ;
+
+-- Adjective definitions
+
+  adjInvar = \s -> { s = \\_,_ => s } ** {lock_A= <>};
+
+  AStaruyj s comp = mkAdjDeg (uy_j_EndDecl s) comp ** {lock_A = <>} ;       
+  AKhoroshij s comp = mkAdjDeg (shij_End_Decl s) comp ** {lock_A= <>}; 
+  AMalenkij s comp = mkAdjDeg (ij_EndK_G_KH_Decl s) comp ** {lock_A= <>};       
+  AMolodoj s comp = mkAdjDeg (uy_oj_EndDecl s) comp ** {lock_A= <>};        
+  AKakoj_Nibud s t  comp = mkAdjDeg (i_oj_EndDecl s t) comp ** {lock_A= <>}; 
+
+  mkA2 a p c=  a ** {s2 = p ; c = c; lock_A2 = <>};
+--  mkADeg a s = mkAdjDeg a s ** {lock_ADeg = <>}; -- defined in morpho.RusU
+
+--  ap a p = mkAdjPhrase a p ** {lock_AP = <>};  -- defined in syntax module
+
+  mkAdv x = ss x ** {lock_Adv = <>} ;
+
+-- Verb definitions 
+
+   mkVerbum = \asp, sgP1, sgP2, sgP3, plP1, plP2, plP3, 
+     sgMascPast, imperSgP2, inf -> case asp of { 
+       Perfective  =>  
+         mkVerb (perfectiveActivePattern inf imperSgP2 
+         (presentConj sgP1 sgP2 sgP3 plP1 plP2 plP3) (pastConj sgMascPast))
+         (pastConj sgMascPast) ** {    lock_V=<> };
+       Imperfective  =>  
+         mkVerb (imperfectiveActivePattern inf imperSgP2 
+         (presentConj sgP1 sgP2 sgP3 plP1 plP2 plP3) (pastConj sgMascPast))
+         (pastConj sgMascPast) ** {    lock_V=<> }
+        }; 
+
+   oper presentConj: (_,_,_,_,_,_: Str) -> PresentVerb = 
+     \sgP1, sgP2, sgP3, plP1, plP2, plP3 ->
+     table {
+       PRF (ASg _) P1 => sgP1 ;
+       PRF (ASg _) P2 => sgP2 ;
+       PRF (ASg _) P3 => sgP3 ;
+       PRF APl P1 => plP1 ;
+       PRF APl P2 => plP2 ;
+       PRF APl P3 => plP3   
+     };
+
+    mkRegVerb a b c d e f g = verbDecl a b c d e f g ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+   -- defined in morpho.RusU.gf
+{-
+   mkV a b = extVerb a b ** {lock_V = <>};                         -- defined in types.RusU.gf
+
+   mkPresentV = \aller, vox -> 
+    { s = table { 
+       VFin gn p => aller.s ! VFORM vox (VIND (VPresent (numGNum gn) p)) ;
+       VImper n p => aller.s ! VFORM vox (VIMP n p) ;
+       VInf => aller.s ! VFORM vox VINF ;
+       VSubj gn => aller.s ! VFORM vox (VSUB gn)
+       }; t = Present ; a = aller.asp ; w = vox ; lock_V = <>} ;
+-}
+   mkTV v p cas = v ** {s2 = p ; c = cas; lock_V2 = <>}; 
+   tvDir v = mkTV v [] Acc;
+
+
+   tvDirDir v = mkV3 v "" "" Acc Dat; 
+
+-- *Ditransitive verbs* are verbs with three argument places.
+-- We treat so far only the rule in which the ditransitive
+-- verb takes both complements to form a verb phrase.
+
+   mkV3 v s1 s2 c1 c2 = v ** {s2 = s1; c = c1; s4 = s2; c2=c2; lock_V3 = <>};  
+ 
+
 ----2 Parameters 
 ----
 ---- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
@@ -221,7 +677,7 @@ resource ParadigmsRus = open
 --
 --  regDuplV : Str -> V ;
 --
----- There is an extensive list of irregular verbs in the module $IrregularRus$.
+---- There is an extensive list of irregular verbs in the module $IrregularEng$.
 ---- In practice, it is enough to give three forms, 
 ---- e.g. "drink - drank - drunk", with a variant indicating consonant
 ---- duplication in the present participle.
@@ -295,9 +751,9 @@ resource ParadigmsRus = open
 ---- hidden from the document.
 ----.
 --
---  Gender = MorphoRus.Gender ; 
---  Number = MorphoRus.Number ;
---  Case = MorphoRus.Case ;
+--  Gender = MorphoEng.Gender ; 
+--  Number = MorphoEng.Number ;
+--  Case = MorphoEng.Case ;
 --  human = Masc ; 
 --  nonhuman = Neutr ;
 --  masculine = Masc ;
@@ -466,3 +922,4 @@ resource ParadigmsRus = open
 --  mkA2V v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A2 = <>} ;
 --
 } ;
+

lib/resource-1.0/russian/PhraseRus.gf

@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
 --# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../../prelude
 
 concrete PhraseRus of Phrase = CatRus ** open Prelude, ResRus in {
---
---  lin
---    PhrUtt pconj utt voc = {s = pconj.s ++ utt.s ++ voc.s} ;
---
---    UttS s = s ;
---    UttQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QDir} ;
---    UttImpSg pol imp = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s ! pol.p ! Sg} ;
---    UttImpPl pol imp = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s ! pol.p ! Pl} ;
---
---    UttIP ip = {s = ip.s ! Nom} ; --- Acc also
---    UttIAdv iadv = iadv ;
---    UttNP np = {s = np.s ! Acc} ;
---    UttVP vp = {s = infVP False vp (agrP3 Sg)} ;
---    UttAdv adv = adv ;
---
---    NoPConj = {s = []} ;
---    PConjConj conj = conj ;
---
---    NoVoc = {s = []} ;
---    VocNP np = {s = "," ++ np.s ! Nom} ;
---
+
+  lin
+    PhrUtt pconj utt voc = {s = pconj.s ++ utt.s ++ voc.s} ;
+
+    UttS s = s ;
+    UttQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QDir} ;
+    UttImpSg pol imp = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s ! pol.p ! Masc! Sg} ;
+    UttImpPl pol imp = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s ! pol.p ! Masc!Pl} ;
+
+    UttIP ip = {s = ip.s ! PF Nom No NonPoss} ; --- Acc also
+    UttIAdv iadv = iadv ;
+    UttNP np = {s = np.s ! PF Acc No NonPoss} ;
+    UttVP vp = {s = vp.s ! ClInfinit ! ASg Masc! P3} ;
+    UttAdv adv = adv ;
+
+    NoPConj = {s = []} ;
+    PConjConj conj = conj ;
+
+    NoVoc = {s = []} ;
+    VocNP np = {s = "," ++ np.s ! PF Nom No NonPoss} ;
+
 }

lib/resource-1.0/russian/QuestionRus.gf

@@ -1,61 +1,55 @@
 --# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../../prelude
 
 concrete QuestionRus of Question = CatRus ** open ResRus, Prelude in {
---
---  flags optimize=all_subs ;
---
---  lin
---
---    QuestCl cl = {
---      s = \\t,a,p => 
---            let cls = cl.s ! t ! a ! p 
---            in table {
---              QDir   => cls ! OQuest ;
---              QIndir => "if" ++ cls ! ODir
---              } ---- "whether" in ExtRus
---      } ;
---
---    QuestVP qp vp = 
---      let cl = mkClause (qp.s ! Nom) {n = qp.n ; p = P3} vp
---      in {s = \\t,a,b,_ => cl.s ! t ! a ! b ! ODir} ;
---
---    QuestSlash ip slash = 
---      mkQuestion (ss (slash.c2 ++ ip.s ! Acc)) slash ;
---      --- stranding in ExtRus 
---
---    QuestIAdv iadv cl = mkQuestion iadv cl ;
---
---    QuestIComp icomp np = 
---      mkQuestion icomp (mkClause (np.s ! Nom) np.a (predAux auxBe)) ;
---
---
---    PrepIP p ip = {s = p.s ++ ip.s ! Nom} ;
---
---    AdvIP ip adv = {
---      s = \\c => ip.s ! c ++ adv.s ;
---      n = ip.n
---      } ;
--- 
---    IDetCN idet num ord cn = {
---      s = \\c => idet.s ++ num.s ++ ord.s ++ cn.s ! idet.n ! c ; 
---      n = idet.n
---      } ;
---
---    CompIAdv a = a ;
---
---  oper
---    mkQuestion : 
---      {s : Str} -> Clause -> 
---      {s : Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => QForm => Str} = \wh,cl ->
---      {
---      s = \\t,a,p => 
---            let 
---              cls = cl.s ! t ! a ! p ;
---              why = wh.s
---            in table {
---              QDir   => why ++ cls ! OQuest ;
---              QIndir => why ++ cls ! ODir
---              }
---      } ;
---
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+
+    QuestCl cl = {s = \\b,cf,_ => cl.s ! b ! cf  } ; 
+
+    QuestVP kto spit =
+    {s = \\b,clf,qf  => (predVerbPhrase kto spit).s!b!clf  } ;
+
+    QuestSlash Kto yaGovoruO =
+    let {  kom = Kto.s ! (mkPronForm yaGovoruO.c No NonPoss) ; o = yaGovoruO.s2 } in 
+    {s =  \\b,clf,_ => o ++ kom ++ yaGovoruO.s ! b ! clf  
+    } ;
+
+    QuestIAdv kak tuPozhivaesh =
+    {s = \\b,clf,q => kak.s ++ tuPozhivaesh.s!b!clf } ; 
+ 
+    QuestIComp kak tuPozhivaesh =
+    {s = \\b,clf,q => let ne = case b of {Neg => ""; Pos => []}
+     in 
+     kak.s ++ ne ++tuPozhivaesh.s! PF Nom No NonPoss } ; 
+
+
+    PrepIP p ip = {s = p.s ++ ip.s ! PF Nom No NonPoss} ;
+
+    AdvIP ip adv = {
+      s = \\c => ip.s ! c ++ adv.s ;
+       n = ip.n; p=ip.p; g=ip.g; anim=ip.anim; pron=ip.pron 
+      } ;
+ 
+    IDetCN kakoj pyat umeluj okhotnik =
+    {s = \\pf => case kakoj.c of {
+       Nom => 
+        kakoj.s ! AF (extCase pf) okhotnik.anim (gNum okhotnik.g kakoj.n) ++ 
+         pyat.s! (extCase pf) ! okhotnik.g ++ 
+         umeluj.s!AF (extCase pf) okhotnik.anim (gNum okhotnik.g kakoj.n)++
+         okhotnik.s ! kakoj.n ! (extCase pf) ; 
+       _ => 
+        kakoj.s ! AF (extCase pf) okhotnik.anim (gNum okhotnik.g kakoj.n) ++ 
+        pyat.s! (extCase pf) ! okhotnik.g ++ 
+        umeluj.s!AF (extCase pf) okhotnik.anim (gNum okhotnik.g kakoj.n)++  
+        okhotnik.s ! kakoj.n ! kakoj.c };
+     n = kakoj.n ; 
+     p = P3 ;
+     pron = False;
+     g = kakoj.g ;
+     anim = okhotnik.anim 
+    } ;
+
+    CompIAdv a = a ;
 }

lib/resource-1.0/russian/RelativeRus.gf

@@ -1,46 +1,36 @@
 --# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../../prelude
 
-concrete RelativeRus of Relative = CatRus ** open ResRus in {
---
---  flags optimize=all_subs ;
---
---  lin
---
---    RelCl cl = {
---      s = \\t,a,p,_ => "such" ++ "that" ++ cl.s ! t ! a ! p ! ODir
---      } ;
---
---    RelVP rp vp = {
---      s = \\t,ant,b,ag => 
---        let 
---          agr = case rp.a of {
---            RNoAg => ag ;
---            RAg a => a
---            } ;
---          cl = mkClause (rp.s ! RC Nom) agr vp
---        in
---        cl.s ! t ! ant ! b ! ODir
---      } ;
---
----- Preposition stranding: "that we are looking at". Pied-piping is
----- deferred to $ExtRus.gf$ ("at which we are looking").
---
---    RelSlash rp slash = {
---      s = \\t,a,p,_ => rp.s ! RC Acc ++ slash.s ! t ! a ! p ! ODir ++ slash.c2
---      } ;
---
---    FunRP p np rp = {
---      s = \\c => np.s ! Acc ++ p.s ++ rp.s ! RPrep ;
---      a = RAg np.a
---      } ;
---
---    IdRP = {
---      s = table {
---        RC Gen => "whose" ; 
---        RC _   => "that" ;
---        RPrep  => "which"
---        } ;
---      a = RNoAg
---      } ;
---
+concrete RelativeRus of Relative = CatRus ** open ResRus, MorphoRus in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ; coding=utf8 ;
+
+  lin
+
+    RelCl A =   {s = \\b,clf,gn,c, anim => 
+     takoj.s ! AF c anim gn ++ "что" ++ A.s !b!clf};
+
+    RelVP kotoruj gulyaet =
+    { s = \\b,clf,gn, c, anim =>  let { nu = numGNum gn } in
+      kotoruj.s ! gn ! c ! anim ++ gulyaet.s2 ++ gulyaet.s ! clf ! gn !P3 ++ 
+       gulyaet.s3 ! genGNum gn ! nu
+    } ;
+
+
+-- Preposition stranding: "that we are looking at". Pied-piping is
+-- deferred to $ExtRus.gf$ ("at which we are looking").
+
+    RelSlash kotoruj yaVizhu =
+    {s = \\b,clf,gn, _ , anim => yaVizhu.s2 ++ kotoruj.s ! gn ! yaVizhu.c ! anim 
+         ++ yaVizhu.s!b!clf 
+    } ;
+
+    FunRP p mama kotoruj =
+    {s = \\gn,c, anim => let {nu = numGNum gn} in
+           mama.s ! PF c No NonPoss ++  
+           p.s ++ kotoruj.s !  gn ! p.c ! anim
+    } ;
+
+    IdRP ={ s  = \\gn, c, anim => 
+     kotorujDet.s ! (AF c anim gn )} ;
 }
+

lib/resource-1.0/russian/ResRus.gf

@@ -1,76 +1,393 @@
 --# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../../prelude
---
-----1 Russian auxiliary operations.
---
----- This module contains operations that are needed to make the
----- resource syntax work. To define everything that is needed to
----- implement $Test$, it moreover contains regular lexical
----- patterns needed for $Lex$.
---
+
+--1 Russian auxiliary operations.
+
+-- This module contains operations that are needed to make the
+-- resource syntax work. To define everything that is needed to
+-- implement $Test$, it moreover contains regular lexical
+-- patterns needed for $Lex$.
+
 resource ResRus = ParamX ** open Prelude in {
+
+flags  coding=utf8 ; optimize=all ;
+
+--2 Enumerated parameter types 
 --
---  flags optimize=all ;
---
---
----- Some parameters, such as $Number$, are inherited from $ParamX$.
---
-----2 For $Noun$
---
----- This is the worst-case $Case$ needed for pronouns.
---
---  param
---    Case = Nom | Acc | Gen ;
---
----- Agreement of $NP$ is a record. We'll add $Gender$ later.
---
---  oper
---    Agr = {n : Number ; p : Person} ;
---
---  param 
---    Gender = Neutr | Masc | Fem ;
---
+-- These types are the ones found in school grammars.
+-- Their parameter values are atomic.
+
+-- Some parameters, such as $Number$, are inherited from $ParamX$.
+param
+  Gender     = Masc | Fem | Neut ;
+  Case       = Nom | Gen | Dat | Acc | Inst | Prepos ;   
+  Animacy    = Animate | Inanimate ;
+  Voice        = Act | Pass ;
+  Aspect     = Imperfective | Perfective ;
+--  RusTense      = Present | Past | Future ;
+--  Degree     = Pos | Comp | Super ;
+  AfterPrep  = Yes | No ; 
+  Possessive = NonPoss | Poss GenNum ;
+--  Anteriority = Simul | Anter ; 
+  ClForm =  ClIndic Tense Anteriority | ClCondit  | ClInfinit | ClImper;      
+  -- "naked infinitive" clauses
+
+-- A number of Russian nouns have common gender. They can
+-- denote both males and females: "умница" (a clever person), "инженер" (an engineer).
+-- We overlook this phenomenon for now.
+
+-- The AfterPrep parameter is introduced in order to describe
+-- the variations of the third person personal pronoun forms
+-- depending on whether they come after a preposition or not. 
+
+-- Declination forms depend on Case, Animacy , Gender: 
+-- "большие дома" - "больших домов" (big houses - big houses'), 
+-- Animacy plays role only in the Accusative case (Masc Sg and Plural forms):
+-- Accusative Animate = Genetive, Accusaive Inanimate = Nominative
+-- "я люблю большие дома-"я люблю больших мужчин"
+-- (I love big houses - I love big men);
+-- and on Number: "большой дом - "большие дома"
+-- (a big house - big houses).
+-- The plural never makes a gender distinction.
+
+  GenNum = ASg Gender | APl ;
+
+  -- Coercions between the compound gen-num type and gender and number:
+oper
+  gNum : Gender -> Number -> GenNum = \g,n -> 
+    case n of 
+   {   Sg => case g of 
+                 { Fem => ASg Fem ;
+                   Masc => ASg Masc ;
+                   Neut => ASg Neut  } ;
+       Pl => APl
+   } ;
+
+
+-- The Possessive parameter is introduced in order to describe
+-- the possessives of personal pronouns, which are used in the 
+-- Genetive constructions like "моя мама" (my mother) instead of 
+-- "мама моя" (the mother of mine). 
+
+--2 For $Noun$
+-- Nouns decline according to number and case.
+-- For the sake of shorter description these parameters are 
+-- combined in the type SubstForm.
+param
+  SubstForm = SF Number Case ;
+
+
+-- Real parameter types (i.e. ones on which words and phrases depend) 
+-- are mostly hierarchical. The alternative would be cross-products of
+-- simple parameters, but this would usually overgenerate.
+
+-- However, we use the cross-products in complex cases 
+-- (for example, aspect and tense parameter in the verb description)
+-- where the relationship between the parameters are non-trivial
+-- even though we aware that some combinations do not exist
+-- (for example, present perfective does not exist, but removing 
+-- this combination would lead to having different descriptions 
+-- for perfective and imperfective verbs, which we do not want for the 
+-- sake of uniformity).
+
+param  PronForm = PF Case AfterPrep Possessive;
+
+oper Pronoun = { s : PronForm => Str ; n : Number ; p : Person ;
+           g: PronGen ;  pron: Bool} ;     
+
+-- Gender is not morphologically determined for first
+--  and second person pronouns.
+
+param  PronGen = PGen Gender | PNoGen ;
+
+-- The following coercion is useful:
+
+oper
+  pgen2gen : PronGen -> Gender = \p -> case p of {
+    PGen g => g ;
+    PNoGen => variants {Masc ; Fem} --- the best we can do for ya, tu
+    } ;
+
+oper
+  extCase: PronForm -> Case = \pf -> case pf of 
+   { PF Nom _ _ => Nom ;
+     PF Gen _ _ => Gen ;
+     PF Dat _ _ => Dat ;
+     PF Inst _ _ => Inst ;
+     PF Acc _ _ => Acc ;
+     PF Prepos _ _ => Prepos 
+    } ;
+
+  mkPronForm: Case -> AfterPrep -> Possessive -> PronForm = 
+    \c,n,p -> PF c n p ;
+
+  CommNounPhrase: Type = {s : Number => Case => Str; g : Gender; anim : Animacy} ;  
+  
+  NounPhrase : Type = { s : PronForm => Str ; n : Number ; 
+   p : Person ; g: PronGen ; anim : Animacy ;  pron: Bool} ;
+
+  mkNP : Number -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = \n,chelovek -> 
+    {s = \\cas => chelovek.s ! n ! (extCase cas) ;
+     n = n ; g = PGen chelovek.g ; p = P3 ; pron =False ;
+     anim = chelovek.anim 
+    } ;
+
+  det2NounPhrase : Adjective -> NounPhrase = \eto -> 
+    {s = \\pf => eto.s ! (AF (extCase pf) Inanimate (ASg Neut)); n = Sg ; g = PGen Neut ; pron = False ; p = P3 ; anim = Inanimate } ;
+
+
+ 
+ pron2NounPhraseNum : Pronoun -> Animacy -> Number -> NounPhrase = \ona, anim, num -> 
+    {s = ona.s ; n = num ; g =  ona.g ; 
+     pron = ona.pron; p = ona.p ; anim = anim } ;
+
+
+-- Agreement of $NP$ is a record. We'll add $Gender$ later.
+--  oper  Agr = {n : Number ; p : Person} ;
+
+
 ----2 For $Verb$
+
+-- Mood is the main verb classification parameter.
+-- The verb mood can be infinitive, subjunctive, imperative, and indicative.
+
+-- Note: subjunctive mood is analytical, i.e. formed from the past form of the
+-- indicative mood plus the particle "ли". That is why they have the same GenNum 
+-- parameter. We choose to keep the "redundant" form in order to indicate 
+-- the presence of the subjunctive mood in Russian verbs. 
+
+-- Aspect and Voice parameters are present in every mood, so Voice is put
+-- before the mood parameter in verb form description the hierachy.
+-- Moreover Aspect is regarded as an inherent parameter of a verb entry.
+-- The primary reason for that is that one imperfective form can have several
+-- perfective forms: "ломать" - "сломать" - "поломать" (to break).
+-- Besides, the perfective form could be formed from imperfective 
+-- by prefixation, but also by taking a completely different stem:
+-- "говорить"-"сказать" (to say). In the later case it is even natural to 
+-- regard them as different verb entries.
+-- Another reason is that looking at the Aspect as an inherent verb parameter
+-- seem to be customary in other similar projects:
+-- http://starling.rinet.ru/morph.htm
+
+-- Note: Of course, the whole inflection table has many redundancies
+-- in a sense that many verbs do not have all grammatically possible
+-- forms. For example, passive does not exist for the verb 
+-- "любить" (to love), but exists for the verb "ломаться" (to break).
+-- In present tense verbs do not conjugate according to Genus,
+-- so parameter GenNum instead Number is used for the sake of 
+-- using for example as adjective in predication.
+
+-- Depending on the tense verbs conjugate according to combinations
+-- of gender, person and number of the verb objects. 
+-- Participles (Present and Past) and Gerund forms are not included in the
+-- current description. This is the verb type used in the lexicon:
+
+oper Verbum : Type = { s: VerbForm => Str ; asp : Aspect };
+
+param
+
+  VerbForm = VFORM Voice VerbConj ;
+  VerbConj =  VIND GenNum VTense | VIMP Number Person | VINF | VSUB GenNum ;
+  VTense   = VPresent Person | VPast | VFuture Person ;
+
+oper 
+   getVTense : Tense -> Person -> VTense= \t,p ->
+   case t of { Present => VPresent p ; Past => VPast; Future => VFuture p } ;
+  
+   getVoice: VerbForm -> Voice = \vf ->
+   case vf of {
+    VFORM Act _ => Act;
+    VFORM Pass _ => Pass
+  };
+oper sebya : Case => Str =table {
+Nom => "";
+Gen => "себя";
+Dat=> "себе";
+Acc => "себя";
+Instr => "собой";
+Prep =>"себе"};
+
+  Verb : Type = {s : ClForm => GenNum => Person => Str ; asp : Aspect ; w: Voice} ;
+-- Verb phrases are discontinuous: the parts of a verb phrase are
+-- (s) an inflected verb, (s2) verb adverbials (not negation though), and
+-- (s3) complement. This discontinuity is needed in sentence formation
+-- to account for word order variations.
+ 
+  VerbPhrase : Type = Verb ** {s2: Str; s3 : Gender => Number => Str ;
+    negBefore: Bool} ;
+
+
+-- This is one instance of Gazdar's *slash categories*, corresponding to his
+-- $S/NP$.
+-- We cannot have - nor would we want to have - a productive slash-category former.
+-- Perhaps a handful more will be needed.
 --
----- Only these five forms are needed for open-lexicon verbs.
---
---  param
---    VForm = 
---       VInf
---     | VPres
---     | VPPart
---     | VPresPart
---     | VPast      --# notpresent
---     ;
---
----- Auxiliary verbs have special negative forms.
---
---    VVForm = 
---       VVF VForm
---     | VVPresNeg
---     | VVPastNeg  --# notpresent
---     ;
---
+-- Notice that the slash category has the same relation to sentences as
+-- transitive verbs have to verbs: it's like a *sentence taking a complement*.
+
+  SlashNounPhrase = Clause ** Complement ;
+  Clause = {s : Polarity => ClForm => Str} ;
+
+-- This is the traditional $S -> NP VP$ rule. 
+
+    predVerbPhrase : NounPhrase -> VerbPhrase -> SlashNounPhrase = 
+    \Ya, tebyaNeVizhu -> { s = \\b,clf =>
+       let 
+       { ya = Ya.s ! (mkPronForm Nom No NonPoss);
+         khorosho = tebyaNeVizhu.s2;
+         vizhu = tebyaNeVizhu.s ! clf !(gNum (pgen2gen Ya.g) Ya.n)! Ya.p;
+         tebya = tebyaNeVizhu.s3 ! (pgen2gen Ya.g) ! Ya.n 
+       }
+       in
+        ya ++  khorosho ++ vizhu ++ tebya;
+        s2= "";
+       c = Nom
+} ;
+
+-- Questions are either direct ("Ты счастлив?") 
+-- or indirect ("Потом он спросил счастлив ли ты").
+
+param 
+  QuestForm = DirQ | IndirQ ;
+
 ---- The order of sentence is needed already in $VP$.
 --
 --    Order = ODir | OQuest ;
+
+oper
+   getActVerbForm : ClForm -> Gender -> Number -> Person -> VerbForm = \clf,g,n, p -> case clf of
+   { ClIndic Future _ => VFORM Act (VIND (gNum g n) (VFuture p));
+     ClIndic Past _ => VFORM Act (VIND (gNum g n) VPast);
+      ClIndic Present _ => VFORM Act (VIND (gNum g n) (VPresent p));
+      ClCondit => VFORM Act (VSUB (gNum g n));
+      ClInfinit => VFORM Act VINF ;
+      ClImper => VFORM Act (VIMP n p) 
+   };
+
+
+--2 For $Adjective$
+param
+  AdjForm = AF Case Animacy GenNum | AdvF;
+
+oper
+  Complement =  {s2 : Str ; c : Case} ;
+
+  pgNum : PronGen -> Number -> GenNum = \g,n -> 
+    case n of 
+   {   Sg => case g of 
+                 { PGen Fem => ASg Fem ;
+                   PGen Masc => ASg Masc ;
+                   PGen Neut => ASg Neut ;
+                   _ => ASg Masc } ; 
+        Pl => APl
+   } ;
+              --    _  => variants {ASg Masc ; ASg Fem}  } ; 
+              --  "variants" version cause "no term variants" error during linearization
+
+
+
+oper numGNum : GenNum -> Number = \gn ->
+   case gn of { APl => Pl ; _ => Sg } ;
+
+oper genGNum : GenNum -> Gender = \gn ->
+   case gn of { ASg Fem => Fem; _ => Masc } ;
+
+oper numAF: AdjForm -> Number = \af ->
+   case af of { AdvF => Sg; AF _ _  gn => (numGNum gn) } ;
+
+oper genAF: AdjForm -> Gender = \af ->
+   case af of { AdvF => Neut; AF _ _  gn => (genGNum gn) } ;
+
+oper caseAF: AdjForm -> Case = \af ->
+   case af of { AdvF => Nom; AF c _ _ => c } ;
+
+-- The Degree parameter should also be more complex, since most Russian
+-- adjectives have two comparative forms: 
+-- attributive (syntactic (compound), declinable) - 
+-- "более высокий" (corresponds to "more high")
+-- and predicative (indeclinable)- "выше" (higher) and more than one 
+-- superlative forms: "самый высокий" (corresponds to "the most high") - 
+-- "высочайший" (the highest). 
+
+-- Even one more parameter independent of the degree can be added,
+-- since Russian adjectives in the positive degree also have two forms: 
+-- long  (attributive and predicative) - "высокий" (high) and short (predicative) - "высок" 
+-- although this parameter will not be exactly orthogonal to the 
+-- degree parameter. 
+-- Short form has no case declension, so in principle
+-- it can be considered as an additional case.
+
+-- Note: although the predicative usage of the long 
+-- form is perfectly grammatical, it can have a slightly different meaning
+-- compared to the short form. 
+-- For example: "он - больной"  (long, predicative) vs. 
+-- "он - болен" (short, predicative). 
+
+--3 Adjective phrases
 -- 
---
-----2 For $Adjective$
---
---    AForm = AAdj Degree | AAdv ;
---
+-- An adjective phrase may contain a complement, e.g. "моложе Риты".
+-- Then it is used as postfix in modification, e.g. "человек, моложе Риты".
+
+  IsPostfixAdj = Bool ;
+
+
+-- Simple adjectives are not postfix:
+
+-- Adjective type includes both non-degree adjective classes:
+-- possesive ("мамин"[mother's], "лисий" [fox'es]) 
+-- and relative ("русский" [Russian]) adjectives.
+
+  Adjective : Type = {s : AdjForm => Str} ;
+
+-- A special type of adjectives just having positive forms 
+-- (for semantic reasons)  is useful, e.g. "финский".
+
+  AdjPhrase = Adjective ** {p : IsPostfixAdj} ; 
+
+
+ mkAdjPhrase : Adjective -> IsPostfixAdj  -> AdjPhrase = \novuj ,p -> novuj ** {p = p} ;
+
 ----2 For $Relative$
 -- 
 --    RAgr = RNoAg | RAg {n : Number ; p : Person} ;
 --    RCase = RPrep | RC Case ;
 --
-----2 For $Numeral$
---
+--2 For $Numeral$
+
+param DForm = unit  | teen  | ten | hund ;
+param Place = attr  | indep  ;
+param Size  = nom | sgg | plg ;
+--param Gend = masc | fem | neut ;
+oper mille : Size => Str = table {
+  {nom} => "тысяча" ;
+  {sgg} => "тысячи" ;
+  _     => "тысяч"} ;
+
+oper gg : Str -> Gender => Str = \s -> table {_ => s} ;
+
 --    CardOrd = NCard | NOrd ;
---    DForm = unit | teen | ten  ;
---
+
 ----2 Transformations between parameter types
 --
+
+oper 
+
+   numSF: SubstForm -> Number = \sf -> case sf of 
+    {
+      SF Sg _ => Sg ;
+      _       => Pl
+    } ;
+   
+   caseSF: SubstForm -> Case = \sf -> case sf of 
+    {
+      SF _ Nom => Nom ;
+      SF _ Gen => Gen ;
+      SF _ Dat => Dat ;
+      SF _ Inst => Inst ;
+      SF _ Acc => Acc ;
+      SF _ Prepos => Prepos 
+    } ;
+
+
 --  oper
 --    agrP3 : Number -> Agr = \n -> 
 --      {n = n ; p = P3} ;

lib/resource-1.0/russian/SentenceRus.gf

@@ -3,49 +3,77 @@
 
 
 concrete SentenceRus of Sentence = CatRus ** open Prelude, ResRus in {
---
---  flags optimize=all_subs ;
---
---  lin
---
---    PredVP np vp = mkClause (np.s ! Nom) np.a vp ;
---
---    PredSCVP sc vp = mkClause sc.s (agrP3 Sg) vp ;
---
---    ImpVP vp = {
---      s = \\pol,n => 
---        let 
---          agr   = {n = n ; p = P2} ;
---          verb  = infVP True vp agr ;
---          dont  = case pol of {
---            Neg => "don't" ;
---            _ => []
---            }
---        in
---        dont ++ verb
---    } ;
---
---    SlashV2 np v2 = 
---      mkClause (np.s ! Nom) np.a (predV v2) ** {c2 = v2.c2} ;
---
---    SlashVVV2 np vv v2 = 
---      mkClause (np.s ! Nom) np.a 
---        (insertObj (\\a => infVP vv.isAux (predV v2) a) (predVV vv))  **
---        {c2 = v2.c2} ;
---
---    AdvSlash slash adv = {
---      s  = \\t,a,b,o => slash.s ! t ! a ! b ! o ++ adv.s ;
---      c2 = slash.c2
---    } ;
---
---    SlashPrep cl prep = cl ** {c2 = prep.s} ;
---
---    EmbedS  s  = {s = conjThat ++ s.s} ;
---    EmbedQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QIndir} ;
---    EmbedVP vp = {s = infVP False vp (agrP3 Sg)} ; --- agr
---
---    UseCl  t a p cl = {s = t.s ++ a.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! a.a ! p.p ! ODir} ;
---    UseQCl t a p cl = {s = \\q => t.s ++ a.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! a.a ! p.p ! q} ;
---    UseRCl t a p cl = {s = \\r => t.s ++ a.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! a.a ! p.p ! r} ;
---
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ; coding=utf8 ;
+
+  lin
+
+    PredVP Ya tebyaNeVizhu = { s = \\b,clf =>
+       let  { 
+          ya = Ya.s ! (case clf of {
+              ClInfinit => (mkPronForm Acc No NonPoss); 
+               _ => (mkPronForm Nom No NonPoss)
+               });
+         ne = case b of {Pos=>""; Neg=>"не"};
+
+         vizhu = tebyaNeVizhu.s ! clf ! (pgNum Ya.g Ya.n)! Ya.p;
+         tebya = tebyaNeVizhu.s3 ! (pgen2gen Ya.g) ! Ya.n 
+       }
+       in
+       if_then_else Str tebyaNeVizhu.negBefore  
+        (ya ++ ne ++ vizhu ++ tebya)
+        (ya ++ vizhu ++ ne ++ tebya)
+    } ;
+
+
+    PredSCVP sc vp = { s = \\b,clf => 
+       let  { 
+         ne = case b of {Pos=>""; Neg=>"не"};
+
+         vizhu = vp.s ! clf ! (ASg Neut)! P3;
+         tebya = vp.s3 ! Neut ! Sg 
+       }
+       in
+       if_then_else Str vp.negBefore  
+        (sc.s ++ ne ++ vizhu ++ tebya)
+        (sc.s ++ vizhu ++ ne ++ tebya)
+    } ;
+
+    SlashV2 ivan lubit = { s=\\b,clf => ivan.s ! PF Nom No NonPoss ++ 
+         lubit.s! (getActVerbForm clf (pgen2gen ivan.g) ivan.n ivan.p) ;
+         s2=lubit.s2; c=lubit.c };
+
+    SlashVVV2 ivan khotet lubit =
+   { s=\\b,clf => ivan.s ! PF Nom No NonPoss ++ khotet.s! (getActVerbForm clf (pgen2gen ivan.g) ivan.n ivan.p) ++ lubit.s! VFORM Act VINF ;
+    s2=lubit.s2; 
+    c=lubit.c                    };
+
+    AdvSlash slash adv = {
+      s  = \\b,clf => slash.s ! b ! clf ++ adv.s ;
+      c = slash.c;
+      s2 = slash.s2;
+    } ;
+
+    SlashPrep cl p =  {s=cl.s; s2=p.s; c=p.c} ;     
+
+    ImpVP inf = {s = \\pol, g,n =>          
+        let 
+          dont  = case pol of {
+            Neg => "don't" ;
+            _ => []
+            }
+        in
+        dont ++ inf.s ! ClImper ! (gNum g n )!P3++ 
+        inf.s2++inf.s3!g!n
+    } ;
+
+    EmbedS  s  = {s = "что" ++ s.s} ;
+ -- In Russian "Whether you go" transformed in "go whether you":
+    EmbedQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QIndir} ;
+    EmbedVP vp = {s = vp.s!ClInfinit!(ASg Masc) !P3} ;
+
+    UseCl  t a p cl = {s = cl.s! p.p ! ClIndic t.t a.a};
+
+    UseQCl t a p qcl= {s = qcl.s!p.p! ClIndic t.t a.a };
     UseRCl t a p rcl ={s = rcl.s! p.p ! ClIndic t.t a.a };
+

lib/resource-1.0/russian/StructuralRus.gf

@@ -1,117 +1,136 @@
 --# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../../prelude
 
 concrete StructuralRus of Structural = CatRus ** 
---  open MorphoRus, (P = ParadigmsRus), Prelude in {
---
---  flags optimize=all ;
---
---  lin
---  above_Prep = ss "above" ;
---  after_Prep = ss "after" ;
---  all_Predet = ss "all" ;
---  almost_AdA, almost_AdN = ss "almost" ;
---  although_Subj = ss "although" ;
---  always_AdV = ss "always" ;
---  and_Conj = ss "and" ** {n = Pl} ;
---  because_Subj = ss "because" ;
---  before_Prep = ss "before" ;
---  behind_Prep = ss "behind" ;
---  between_Prep = ss "between" ;
---  both7and_DConj = sd2 "both" "and" ** {n = Pl} ;
---  but_PConj = ss "but" ;
---  by8agent_Prep = ss "by" ;
---  by8means_Prep = ss "by" ;
---  can8know_VV, can_VV = {
---    s = table VVForm [["be able to"] ; "can" ; "could" ; 
---         ["been able to"] ; ["being able to"] ; "can't" ; "couldn't"] ; 
---    isAux = True
---    } ;
---  during_Prep = ss "during" ;
---  either7or_DConj = sd2 "either" "or" ** {n = Sg} ;
---  everybody_NP = regNP "everybody" Sg ;
---  every_Det = mkDeterminer Sg "every" ;
---  everything_NP = regNP "everything" Sg ;
---  everywhere_Adv = ss "everywhere" ;
---  few_Det = mkDeterminer Pl "few" ;
---  first_Ord = ss "first" ;
---  from_Prep = ss "from" ;
---  he_Pron = mkNP "he" "him" "his" Sg P3 ;
---  here_Adv = ss "here" ;
---  here7to_Adv = ss ["to here"] ;
---  here7from_Adv = ss ["from here"] ;
---  how_IAdv = ss "how" ;
---  how8many_IDet = mkDeterminer Pl ["how many"] ;
---  if_Subj = ss "if" ;
---  in8front_Prep = ss ["in front of"] ;
---  i_Pron  = mkNP "I" "me" "my"  Sg P1 ;
---  in_Prep = ss "in" ;
---  it_Pron  = mkNP "it" "it" "its" Sg P3 ;
---  less_CAdv = ss "less" ;
---  many_Det = mkDeterminer Pl "many" ;
---  more_CAdv = ss "more" ;
---  most_Predet = ss "most" ;
---  much_Det = mkDeterminer Sg "much" ;
---  must_VV = {
---    s = table VVForm [["be have to"] ; "must" ; ["had to"] ; 
---         ["had to"] ; ["having to"] ; "mustn't" ; ["hadn't to"]] ; ---- 
---    isAux = True
---    } ;
---  no_Phr = ss "no" ;
---  on_Prep = ss "on" ;
---  one_Quant = mkDeterminer Sg "one" ;
---  only_Predet = ss "only" ;
---  or_Conj = ss "or" ** {n = Sg} ;
---  otherwise_PConj = ss "otherwise" ;
---  part_Prep = ss "of" ;
---  please_Voc = ss "please" ;
---  possess_Prep = ss "of" ;
---  quite_Adv = ss "quite" ;
---  she_Pron = mkNP "she" "her" "her" Sg P3 ;
---  so_AdA = ss "so" ;
---  somebody_NP = regNP "somebody" Sg ;
---  someSg_Det = mkDeterminer Sg "some" ;
---  somePl_Det = mkDeterminer Pl "some" ;
---  something_NP = regNP "something" Sg ;
---  somewhere_Adv = ss "somewhere" ;
---  that_Quant = mkQuant "that" "those" ;
---  that_NP = regNP "that" Sg ;
---  there_Adv = ss "there" ;
---  there7to_Adv = ss "there" ;
---  there7from_Adv = ss ["from there"] ;
---  therefore_PConj = ss "therefore" ;
---  these_NP = regNP "these" Pl ;
---  they_Pron = mkNP "they" "them" "their" Pl P3 ; 
---  this_Quant = mkQuant "this" "these" ;
---  this_NP = regNP "this" Sg ;
---  those_NP = regNP "those" Pl ;
---  through_Prep = ss "through" ;
---  too_AdA = ss "too" ;
---  to_Prep = ss "to" ;
---  under_Prep = ss "under" ;
---  very_AdA = ss "very" ;
---  want_VV = P.mkVV (P.regV "want") ;
---  we_Pron = mkNP "we" "us" "our" Pl P1 ;
---  whatPl_IP = mkIP "what" "what" "what's" Sg ;
---  whatSg_IP = mkIP "what" "what" "what's" Sg ;
---  when_IAdv = ss "when" ;
---  when_Subj = ss "when" ;
---  where_IAdv = ss "where" ;
---  whichPl_IDet = mkDeterminer Pl ["which"] ;
---  whichSg_IDet = mkDeterminer Sg ["which"] ;
---  whoSg_IP = mkIP "who" "whom" "whose" Sg ;
---  whoPl_IP = mkIP "who" "whom" "whose" Pl ;
---  why_IAdv = ss "why" ;
---  without_Prep = ss "without" ;
---  with_Prep = ss "with" ;
---  yes_Phr = ss "yes" ;
---  youSg_Pron = mkNP "you" "you" "your" Sg P2 ;
---  youPl_Pron = mkNP "you" "you" "your" Pl P2 ;
---  youPol_Pron = mkNP "you" "you" "your" Sg P2 ;
---
---
---oper
---  mkQuant : Str -> Str -> {s : Number => Str} = \x,y -> {
---    s = table Number [x ; y]
---    } ;
---
+  open ResRus, MorphoRus, (P = ParadigmsRus), Prelude, NounRus, in {
+
+  flags optimize=all ; coding=utf8 ;
+
+lin
+-- First mount the numerals.
+--  UseNumeral i = i ;   
+
+-- Then an alphabetical list of structural words
+
+  above_Prep = { s = "над" ; c = Inst} ;
+  after_Prep  = { s = "после" ; c = Gen };
+--  all8mass_Det = vesDet ** {n = Sg; g = PNoGen;  c = Nom} ; 
+  all_Predet  = vseDetPl ** { g = PNoGen; c = Nom} ; 
+  almost_AdA = {s= "почти"} ;
+  almost_AdN = {s= "почти"} ;
+  although_Subj  = ss "хотя" ;
+  always_AdV = ss "всегда" ;
+  and_Conj  = ss "и"  ** {n = Pl} ;
+  because_Subj  = ss ["потому что"] ;
+  before_Prep   ={ s = "перед" ; c = Inst};
+  behind_Prep  = { s = "за" ; c = Inst };
+  between_Prep  = { s = "между" ; c = Inst};
+  both7and_DConj = sd2 "как" [", так и"]  ** {n = Pl} ;
+  but_PConj = ss "но" ;
+  by8agent_Prep  = { s = ["с помощью"] ; c = Gen};
+  by8means_Prep  = { s = ["с помощью"] ; c = Gen};
+  can8know_VV  = verbMoch ;
+  can_VV  =  verbMoch ;
+  during_Prep  = { s = ["в течение"] ; c = Gen};
+  either7or_DConj  = sd2 "либо" [", либо"]  ** {n = Sg} ;
+-- comma is not visible in GUI!
+  every_Det  = kazhdujDet ** {n = Sg ; g = PNoGen; c= Nom} ; 
+  everybody_NP = mkNP Pl (UseN ((eEnd_Decl "вс")**{lock_N=<>})) ;
+  everything_NP  = UsePron (pronVseInanimate ** {lock_Pron=<>}) ;
+  everywhere_Adv = ss "везде" ;
+  few_Det = (ij_EndK_G_KH_Decl "немног") **{lock_Det= <>; n= Sg; g = PNoGen; c = Nom}; -- AMalenkij  
+  first_Ord = (uy_j_EndDecl  "перв" ) ** {lock_A = <>};  --AStaruyj 
+  from_Prep  = { s = "от" ; c = Gen };
+  he_Pron  = pronOn ;
+  here_Adv = ss "здесь" ;
+  here7to_Adv = ss "сюда" ;
+  here7from_Adv = ss "отсюда" ;
+  how_IAdv  = ss "как" ;
+  how8many_IDet   = skolkoSgDet ** {n = Sg; g = (PGen Neut); c= Gen}; 
+  i_Pron   = pronYa ;
+  if_Subj    = ss "если" ;
+  in8front_Prep  = { s = "перед" ; c = Inst};
+  in_Prep  = { s = "в" ; c = Prepos };
+  it_Pron    = pronOno ;
+  less_CAdv = ss "меньше" ;
+  many_Det  = mnogoSgDet ** {n = Sg; g = (PGen Neut); c= Gen} ; 
+  more_CAdv = ss "более" ;
+  most_Predet   = bolshinstvoSgDet ** {n = Sg; g = (PGen Neut); c= Gen} ; 
+  -- inanimate, Sg: "большинство телефонов безмолству-ет" 
+--  most8many_Det = bolshinstvoPlDet ** {n = Pl; g = (PGen Neut); c= Gen} ;  
+  -- animate, Pl: "большинство учащихся хорошо подготовлен-ы"
+ much_Det   = mnogoSgDet ** {n = Sg; g = (PGen Neut); c= Gen} ; -- same as previous
+ must_VV  = verbDolzhen ;
+ no_Phr  = ss ["Нет ."] ;
+ on_Prep = { s = "на" ; c = Prepos };
+ one_Quant = odinDet  ** {lock_QuantSg = <>; n= Sg; g = PNoGen; c = Nom };
+--AStaruyj :
+ only_Predet = (uy_j_EndDecl  "единственн" ) ** {lock_Predet = <>; n= Sg; g = PNoGen; c = Nom };
+ or_Conj  = ss "или"  ** {n = Sg} ;
+ otherwise_PConj  = ss "иначе" ;
+  part_Prep = { s = "" ; c = Nom}; -- missing in Russian
+  please_Voc = ss "пожалуйста" ;
+  possess_Prep  = { s = "" ; c = Gen}; --- ?? AR 19/2/2004
+  quite_Adv = ss "довольно" ;
+  she_Pron   = pronOna ;
+  so_AdA = ss "так";
+  somebody_NP = UsePron (pronKtoTo** {lock_Pron = <>});
+  someSg_Det   = nekotorujDet ** {n = Sg; g = PNoGen; c= Nom} ;
+  somePl_Det = nekotorujDet ** {n = Pl; g = PNoGen; c= Nom} ;  
+  something_NP  = UsePron (pronChtoTo** {lock_Pron=<> }) ;
+  somewhere_Adv  = ss "где-нибудь" ;
+---  these_NP n =  { s =\\_ => [] ; n = Pl; p = P3; g= PGen Fem ;
+--- anim = Animate ;  pron = True} ;    -- missing in Russian
+---  those_NP n =  { s =\\_ => [] ; n = Pl; p = P3; g=PGen Fem ;
+--- anim = Animate ;  pron = True} ;    -- missing in Russian
+  that_Quant   = totDet ** {n = Sg; g = PNoGen; c= Nom} ;
+  that_NP  = det2NounPhrase totDet ; -- inanimate form only
+  there_Adv = ss "там" ;
+  there7to_Adv = ss "туда" ;
+  there7from_Adv = ss "оттуда" ;
+  therefore_PConj  = ss "следовательно" ;
+--  these_NDet  = etotDet ** { g = PNoGen; c= Nom} ;  
+--  they8fem_NP = UsePron pronOni Animate;
+  they_Pron  = pronOni;
+  this_Quant   = etotDet ** {n = Sg; g = PNoGen; c= Nom} ;
+  this_NP  = det2NounPhrase etotDet ; -- inanimate form only
+--  those_NDet  = totDet ** {g = PNoGen; c= Nom} ;    
+--  thou_NP = UsePron pronTu Animate;
+  through_Prep  = { s = "через" ; c = Acc };
+  to_Prep = { s = "к" ; c = Dat };
+  too_AdA = ss "слишком" ;
+  under_Prep  = { s = "под"  ; c = Inst };
+  very_AdA  = ss "очень" ;
+  want_VV  = verbKhotet ;
+  we_Pron  = pronMu ;
+  whatPl_IP = pron2NounPhraseNum pronChto Inanimate Pl;
+  whatSg_IP = pron2NounPhraseNum pronChto Inanimate Sg;
+  when_IAdv = ss "когда" ;
+  when_Subj  = ss "когда" ;
+  where_IAdv  = ss "где" ;
+  whichPl_IDet = kotorujDet ** {n = Pl; g = PNoGen; c= Nom} ;  
+  whichSg_IDet = kotorujDet ** {n = Sg; g = PNoGen; c= Nom} ;
+  whoPl_IP = pron2NounPhraseNum pronKto Animate Pl;
+  whoSg_IP = pron2NounPhraseNum pronKto Animate Sg;
+  why_IAdv  = ss "почему" ;
+  with_Prep  = { s = "с" ; c = Inst};
+  without_Prep  = { s = "без" ; c = Gen};
+  youPl_Pron  = pronVu;
+  yes_Phr  = ss ["Да ."] ;
+  youSg_Pron   = pronVu;
+  youPol_Pron =  pronVu;
+
+---  NoDet    = nikakojDet ** {n = Sg; g = PNoGen; c= Nom} ;
+---  AnyDet   = lubojDet ** {n = Sg; g = PNoGen; c= Nom} ;
+---  AnyNumDet  = mkDeterminerNum (lubojDet ** {n = Pl; g = PNoGen; c= Nom} );  
+---  NoNumDet   = mkDeterminerNum (nikakojDet ** {n = Pl; g = PNoGen; c= Nom} );  
+---NobodyNP = UsePron pronNikto Animate;
+---NothingNP = UsePron pronNichto Inanimate;
+
+-- In case of "neither..  no" expression double negation is not 
+-- only possible, but also required in Russian.
+-- There is no means of control for this however in the resource grammar.
+---  NeitherNor = sd2 "ни" [", ни"]  ** {n = Sg} ;
+---  NowhereNP = ss "нигде" ;
+---  AgentPrep = { s = "" ; c = Nom}; -- missing in Russian
 }
+

lib/resource-1.0/russian/VerbRus.gf

@@ -1,41 +1,239 @@
 
 --# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../../prelude
 
+concrete VerbRus of Verb = CatRus ** open ResRus, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;  coding=utf8 ;
+  lin
+  CompNP masha =
+ { s=\\clf,gn,p => case clf of 
+   {
+        (ClIndic Present _) =>  masha.s ! (mkPronForm Nom No NonPoss) ;
+        (ClIndic Past _) => case  gn of 
+    {   (ASg Fem)  =>"была"++masha.s ! (mkPronForm Inst No NonPoss);
+      (ASg Masc)  =>"был" ++ masha.s!(mkPronForm Inst No NonPoss);
+     (ASg Neut)  =>"было" ++ masha.s!(mkPronForm Inst No NonPoss);
+      APl => "были" ++ masha.s ! (mkPronForm Inst No NonPoss)
+   };
+    (ClIndic Future _) => case gn of 
+   {    APl => case p of
+      { P3 => "будут"++masha.s ! (mkPronForm Inst No NonPoss);
+        P2 => "будете"++masha.s !(mkPronForm Inst No NonPoss);
+        P1 => "будем"++masha.s ! (mkPronForm Inst No NonPoss)
+      };
+      (ASg _) => case p of
+      {  P3=>"будет"++masha.s!(mkPronForm Inst No NonPoss) ;
+         P2 => "будешь"++ masha.s ! (mkPronForm Inst No NonPoss) ;
+         P1=> "буду"++ masha.s ! (mkPronForm Inst No NonPoss)      
+      } --case p
+    }; --case gn
+      ClCondit => "" ;        
+      ClImper  => case (numGNum gn) of 
+        {Sg  => "будь" ++ masha.s ! (mkPronForm Inst No NonPoss);
+         Pl => "будьте" ++  masha.s ! (mkPronForm Inst No NonPoss) 
+       };
+       ClInfin => "быть" ++   masha.s ! (mkPronForm Inst No NonPoss)
+};  -- case clf     
+      asp = Imperfective ;
+      w = Act;
+      negBefore = True;
+      s2 = "";
+      s3 = \\g,n => ""
+   } ;
+
+  CompAP zloj ={
+ s= \\clf,gn,p => case clf of { 
+
+-- person is ignored !
+       ClInfinit => "быть" ++ zloj.s ! AF Inst Animate (ASg Masc) ; 
+        ClImper => case gn of 
+          {  (ASg _) => "будь" ++ zloj.s ! AF Inst Animate (ASg Masc);
+             APl => "будьте" ++ zloj.s ! AF Inst Animate APl  
+          };  
+-- infinitive does not save GenNum, 
+-- but indicative does for the sake of adjectival predication !
+        ClIndic Present _ =>  zloj.s ! AF Nom Animate gn ;
+        ClIndic Past _ => case gn of
+       { (ASg Fem)   => "была" ++ zloj.s! AF Nom Animate (ASg Fem);
+
+          (ASg Masc)  => "был" ++ zloj.s! AF Nom Animate (ASg Masc);
+          (ASg Neut)   => "был" ++ zloj.s! AF Nom Animate (ASg Neut);
+           APl => "были" ++ zloj.s! AF Nom Animate APl
+       };
+       ClIndic Future _ => case gn of 
+       { APl => case p of 
+          { P3 => "будут" ++ zloj.s! AF Nom Animate APl;
+            P2 => "будете" ++ zloj.s! AF Nom Animate APl;
+            P1 => "будем" ++ zloj.s! AF Nom Animate APl
+          } ;
+         (ASg _) => case p of 
+         {P3 => "будет" ++ zloj.s! AF Nom Animate (ASg (genGNum gn));
+          P2 => "будешь"++ zloj.s! AF Nom Animate (ASg (genGNum gn));
+          P1=> "буду" ++ zloj.s! AF Nom Animate (ASg (genGNum gn))
+        }
+      };
+       ClCondit => ""
+      } ;        
+
+
+      asp = Imperfective ;      
+      w = Act;
+      negBefore = True;
+      s2 = "";
+      s3 = \\g,n=> ""
+    } ;
+
+
+-- Verb phrases can also be formed from adjectives (" молод"),
+-- common nouns (" человек"), and noun phrases (" самый молодой").
+-- The third rule is overgenerating: " каждый человек" has to be ruled out
+-- on semantic grounds.
+
+-- Note: we omit a dash "-" because it will cause problems with negation word order:
+-- "Я не - волшебник". Alternatively, we can consider verb-based VP and
+-- all the rest.
+
+  CompAdv zloj =
+    { s= \\clf,gn,p => case clf of {
+        ClImper => case gn of 
+     { ASg _ => "будь" ++ zloj.s;    -- person is ignored !
+       APl => "будьте" ++ zloj.s
+     };
+     ClInfinit => "быть" ++ zloj.s;
+        ClIndic Present  _ => zloj.s ;
+        ClIndic Past _ => case gn of 
+       { (ASg Fem)  => "была" ++ zloj.s;
+         (ASg Masc) => "был" ++ zloj.s;
+          (ASg Neut) => "было" ++ zloj.s;
+         APl => "были" ++ zloj.s
+       };
+        ClIndic Future _ => case gn of 
+       { (ASg _) => "будет" ++ zloj.s;
+         APl => "будут" ++ zloj.s
+        };
+        ClCondit => ""
+        } ;        
+      asp = Imperfective ;
+      w = Act;
+      s2 = "";
+      negBefore = True;
+      s3 = \\g,n => ""
+    } ;
+
 
-concrete VerbRus of Verb = CatRus ** open ResRus in {
---
---  flags optimize=all_subs ;
---
---  lin
---    UseV = predV ;
---    ComplV2 v np = insertObj (\\_ => v.c2 ++ np.s ! Acc) (predV v) ;
---    ComplV3 v np np2 = 
---      insertObj (\\_ => v.c2 ++ np.s ! Acc ++ v.c3 ++ np2.s ! Acc) (predV v) ;
---
---    ComplVV v vp = insertObj (\\a => infVP v.isAux vp a) (predVV v) ;
---
---    ComplVS v s  = insertObj (\\_ => conjThat ++ s.s) (predV v) ;
---    ComplVQ v q  = insertObj (\\_ => q.s ! QIndir) (predV v) ;
---
---    ComplVA  v    ap = insertObj (ap.s) (predV v) ;
---    ComplV2A v np ap = 
---      insertObj (\\_ => v.c2 ++ np.s ! Acc ++ ap.s ! np.a) (predV v) ;
---
---    UseComp comp = insertObj comp.s (predAux auxBe) ;
---
---    AdvVP vp adv = insertObj (\\_ => adv.s) vp ;
---
---    AdVVP adv vp = insertAdV adv.s vp ;
---
---    ReflV2 v = insertObj (\\a => v.c2 ++ reflPron ! a) (predV v) ;
---
---    PassV2 v = insertObj (\\_ => v.s ! VPPart) (predAux auxBe) ;
---
---    UseVS, UseVQ = \vv -> {s = vv.s ; c2 = [] ; isRefl = vv.isRefl} ; -- no "to"
---
 
    UseComp comp = comp ;
    UseVS, UseVQ = \vv -> {s = vv.s ; asp = vv.asp; s2 = [] ; c = Acc} ; 
---
---
+
+--    CompAP ap = ap ;
+--    CompNP np = {s = \\_ => np.s ! Acc} ;
+--    CompAdv a = {s = \\_ => a.s} ;
+
+
+-- A simple verb can be made into a verb phrase with an empty complement.
+-- There are two versions, depending on if we want to negate the verb.
+-- N.B. negation is *not* a function applicable to a verb phrase, since
+-- double negations with "inte" are not grammatical.
+
+    UseV se = 
+    {s=\\clf,gn,p =>  se.s ! (getActVerbForm clf (genGNum gn) (numGNum gn) p) ; 
+      asp = se.asp ;
+     w=Act;      
+    s2 = "";
+      negBefore = True;
+      s3 = table{_=> table{_ => ""}}
+    } ;
+
+-- The rule for using transitive verbs is the complementization rule:
+  ComplV2 se tu =
+    {s =\\clf,gn,p =>  se.s ! (getActVerbForm clf (genGNum gn) (numGNum gn) p)
+     ++ se.s2 ++ tu.s ! (mkPronForm se.c No NonPoss) ; 
+      asp = se.asp ; 
+      w = Act;
+      s2 = "";
+      s3 = \\g,n => ""; 
+      negBefore = True
+    } ;
+
+  ComplV3 dat tu pivo =
+      let
+        tebepivo = dat.s2 ++
+         tu.s ! PF dat.c No NonPoss ++ dat.s4 ++ pivo.s ! PF dat.c2 Yes NonPoss 
+      in
+      {s  = \\clf,gn,p => dat.s ! (getActVerbForm clf (genGNum gn) (numGNum gn) p) ++ tebepivo ; 
+      asp = dat.asp ;
+      w = Act;
+      negBefore = True;
+      s2 = "";
+      s3 = \\g,n=> ""
+    } ;
+
+  ReflV2 v = 
+    { s  = \\clf,gn,p => v.s ! (getActVerbForm clf (genGNum gn) (numGNum gn) p) ++ v.s2 ++ sebya!v.c; 
+      asp = v.asp ;
+      w = Act;
+      negBefore = True;
+      s2 = "";
+      s3 = \\g,n=> ""
+ } ;
+
+-- To generate "сказал, что Иван гуляет" / "не сказал, что Иван гуляет":
+  ComplVS   vidit tuUlubaeshsya =
+    {s = \\clf,gn,p => vidit.s ! (getActVerbForm clf (genGNum gn) (numGNum gn) p)
+     ++ [", что"] ++ tuUlubaeshsya.s ;
+     asp = vidit.asp;
+     w = Act;
+     s2="";
+      negBefore = True;
+      s3 = \\g,n => ""
+ } ;
+-- To generate "can walk"/"can't walk"; "tries to walk"/"does not try to walk":
+-- The contraction of "not" is not provided, since it would require changing
+-- the verb parameter type.
+
+  ComplVV putatsya bezhat =
+  { s =  \\clf,gn,p => putatsya.s ! (getActVerbForm clf (genGNum gn) (numGNum gn) p)  ++ bezhat.s!clf!gn!p ; 
+      asp = putatsya.asp ;
+      w = Act;
+      negBefore = True;
+      s2 = "";
+      s3 =\\g,n => ""
+  } ;
+  ComplVQ dat esliOnPridet =
+       {s  = \\clf,gn,p => dat.s ! (getActVerbForm clf (genGNum gn) (numGNum gn) p) ++ esliOnPridet.s ! QDir ; 
+      asp = dat.asp ;
+      w = Act;
+      negBefore = True;
+      s2 = "";
+      s3 = \\g,n=> ""
+    } ;
+  ComplVA vuglyadet molodoj =
+      {s  = \\clf,gn,p => vuglyadet.s ! (getActVerbForm clf (genGNum gn) (numGNum gn) p) ; 
+      asp = vuglyadet.asp ;
+      w = Act;
+      negBefore = True;
+      s2 = "";
+      s3 = \\g,n => molodoj.s!(AF Inst Animate (gNum g n))  
+    } ;
+
+  ComplV2A  obechat tu molodoj =
+         {s  = \\clf,gn,p => obechat.s2++obechat.s ! (getActVerbForm clf (genGNum gn) (numGNum gn) p) ++  tu.s ! PF obechat.c No NonPoss ++molodoj.s!AF Inst tu.anim (pgNum tu.g tu.n) ; 
+      asp = obechat.asp ;
+      w = Act;
+      negBefore = True;
+      s2 = "";
+      s3 = \\g,n =>""
+    } ;
+  AdvVP poet khorosho =
+    {s = \\clf,gn,p => poet.s ! clf!gn!p; s2 = poet.s2 ++ khorosho.s; s3 = poet.s3;
+     asp = poet.asp; w = poet.w; t = poet.t ; negBefore = poet.negBefore } ;
+
+  AdVVP khorosho poet =
+    {s = \\clf,gn,p => poet.s ! clf!gn!p; s2 = poet.s2 ++ khorosho.s; s3 = poet.s3;
+     asp = poet.asp; w = poet.w; t = poet.t ; negBefore = poet.negBefore } ;
+
+PassV2  se =
+    {s=\\clf,gn,p =>  se.s ! (getActVerbForm clf (genGNum gn) (numGNum gn) p) ; 
+    asp=se.asp; w=Pass;      s2 = se.s2;
       negBefore = True;
+      s3 = table{_=> table{_ => ""}}