diff --git a/lib/doc/translation.txt b/lib/doc/translation.txt
index 9828712fd..f70f40796 100644
--- a/lib/doc/translation.txt
+++ b/lib/doc/translation.txt
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ This will take a long time (ten minutes or more) and will probably require at le
 ```
 with obviously the possibility to vary the source and the target language.
 
+
 4. To modify the sources, work on the files in
 ```
   GF/lib/src/translator/
diff --git a/lib/src/abstract/Extra.gf b/lib/src/abstract/Extra.gf
index 7704fee8b..1dd1f428b 100644
--- a/lib/src/abstract/Extra.gf
+++ b/lib/src/abstract/Extra.gf
@@ -95,4 +95,9 @@ abstract Extra = Cat ** {
     ComplBareVS  : VS  -> S  -> VP ;       -- say she runs
     SlashBareV2S : V2S -> S  -> VPSlash ;  -- answer (to him) it is good
 
+-- front the extraposed part
+
+    FrontExtPredVP : NP -> VP -> Cl ;      -- I am here, she said
+    InvFrontExtPredVP : NP -> VP -> Cl ;   -- I am here, said she
+
 }
diff --git a/lib/src/english/ExtraEng.gf b/lib/src/english/ExtraEng.gf
index e326a76c0..4aef3515f 100644
--- a/lib/src/english/ExtraEng.gf
+++ b/lib/src/english/ExtraEng.gf
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ concrete ExtraEng of ExtraEngAbs = CatEng **
     IAdvAdv adv = {s = "how" ++ adv.s} ;
 
     PartVP vp = {
-      s = \\a => vp.ad ! a ++ vp.prp ++ vp.s2 ! a ;
-      isPre = False ---- depends on whether there are complements
+      s = \\a => vp.ad ! a ++ vp.prp ++ vp.s2 ! a ++ vp.ext ;
+      isPre = vp.isSimple                 -- depends on whether there are complements
       } ;
 
     EmbedPresPart vp = {s = infVP VVPresPart vp Simul CPos (agrP3 Sg)} ; --- agr
@@ -162,6 +162,7 @@ lin
     inf = be.inf ;
     ad = \\_ => [] ;
     s2 = \\a => vps.ad ! a ++ ppt ++ vps.p ++ ag ++ vps.s2 ! a ++ vps.c2 ; ---- place of agent
+    isSimple = False ;
     ext = vps.ext
     } ;
 
@@ -210,6 +211,36 @@ lin
 
     CompoundCN a b = {s = \\n,c => a.s ! Sg ! Nom ++ b.s ! n ! c ; g = b.g} ;
 
+    FrontExtPredVP np vp = {
+      s = \\t,a,b,o => 
+        let 
+          subj  = np.s ! npNom ;
+          agr   = np.a ;
+          verb  = vp.s ! t ! a ! b ! o ! agr ;
+          compl = vp.s2 ! agr
+        in
+        case o of {
+          ODir _ => vp.ext ++ frontComma ++ subj ++ verb.aux ++ verb.adv ++ vp.ad ! agr ++ verb.fin ++ verb.inf ++ vp.p ++ compl ;
+          OQuest => verb.aux ++ subj ++ verb.adv ++ vp.ad ! agr ++ verb.fin ++ verb.inf ++ vp.p ++ compl ++ vp.ext
+          }
+    } ;
+
+    InvFrontExtPredVP np vp = {
+      s = \\t,a,b,o => 
+        let 
+          subj  = np.s ! npNom ;
+          agr   = np.a ;
+          verb  = vp.s ! t ! a ! b ! o ! agr ;
+          compl = vp.s2 ! agr
+        in
+        case o of {
+          ODir _ => vp.ext ++ verb.aux ++ verb.adv ++ vp.ad ! agr ++ verb.fin ++ subj ++ verb.inf ++ vp.p ++ compl ;
+          OQuest => verb.aux ++ subj ++ verb.adv ++ vp.ad ! agr ++ verb.fin ++ verb.inf ++ vp.p ++ compl ++ vp.ext
+          }
+    } ;
+
+
+
   oper
     unc : CPolarity -> CPolarity = \x -> case x of {
       CNeg _ => CNeg False ; 
diff --git a/lib/src/english/ResEng.gf b/lib/src/english/ResEng.gf
index 675c8c691..3f1b8ec9f 100644
--- a/lib/src/english/ResEng.gf
+++ b/lib/src/english/ResEng.gf
@@ -237,7 +237,8 @@ param
     inf : Str ;   -- the infinitive form ; VerbForms would be the logical place
     ad  : Agr => Str ; -- sentence adverb (can be Xself, hence Agr)
     s2  : Agr => Str ; -- complement
-    ext : Str          -- extreposed field such as S, QS, VP
+    ext : Str ;        -- extreposed field such as S, QS, VP
+    isSimple : Bool    -- regulates the place of participle used as adjective
     } ;
 
 
@@ -293,6 +294,7 @@ param
     inf  = verb.s ! VInf ;
     ad   = \\_ => [] ;
     ext  = [] ;
+    isSimple = True ; ---- but really depends on whether p == []
     s2 = \\a => if_then_Str verb.isRefl (reflPron ! a) []
     } ;
 
@@ -351,6 +353,7 @@ param
     inf = verb.inf ;
     ad = \\_ => [] ;
     ext = [] ;
+    isSimple = True ;
     s2 = \\_ => []
     } ;
         
@@ -374,6 +377,7 @@ param
     inf = vp.inf ;
     ad = vp.ad ;
     s2 = \\a => vp.s2 ! a ++ obj ! a ;
+    isSimple = False ;
     ext = vp.ext
     } ;
 
@@ -385,6 +389,7 @@ param
     inf = vp.inf ;
     ad = vp.ad ;
     s2 = \\a => obj ! a ++ vp.s2 ! a ;
+    isSimple = False ;
     ext = vp.ext 
     } ;
 
@@ -402,6 +407,7 @@ param
     inf = vp.inf ;
     ad = vp.ad ;
     s2 = \\a => obj ! a ++ vp.s2 ! a ++ vp.p ; -- and put it here ; corresponds to insertObjPre
+    isSimple = False ;
     ext = vp.ext    
     } ;
 
@@ -417,6 +423,7 @@ param
     inf = vp.inf ;
     ad  = \\a => vp.ad ! a ++ ad ! a ;
     s2 = \\a => vp.s2 ! a  ;
+    isSimple = False ;
     ext = vp.ext
     } ;
 
@@ -428,6 +435,7 @@ param
     inf = vp.inf ;
     ad  = vp.ad ;
     s2 =  vp.s2  ;
+    isSimple = False ;
     ext = vp.ext ++ e  --- there should be at most one, one might think; but: I would say that it will be raining if I saw clouds
     } ;
 
diff --git a/lib/src/translator/Extensions.gf b/lib/src/translator/Extensions.gf
index e431755b6..b25defc49 100644
--- a/lib/src/translator/Extensions.gf
+++ b/lib/src/translator/Extensions.gf
@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ fun
   ConjVPS : Conj -> [VPS] -> VPS ;
   PredVPS : NP -> VPS -> S ;
 
+---- merge VPS and VPI
+----            MkVPS, BaseVPS, ConsVPS, ConjVPS, PredVPS,
+----            VPIForm, VPIInf, VPIPresPart, MkVPI, BaseVPI, ConsVPI, ConjVPI, ComplVPIVV,
+
+
 -- generalizing Grammar
 
   PassVPSlash        : VPSlash -> VP ;                        -- be forced to sleep
@@ -28,6 +33,9 @@ fun
 
   ComplVV : VV -> Ant -> Pol -> VP -> VP ;                    -- want not to have slept
 
+  PredFrontVS : Temp -> NP -> VS -> S  -> S ;                 -- I am here, she said     -- no negation
+  PredFrontVQ : Temp -> NP -> VQ -> QS -> S ;                 -- are you here, she asked -- no negation; direct order
+
 ---- merge?
   SlashV2V      : V2V -> Ant -> Pol -> VP -> VPSlash ;   -- force (her) not to have slept
   SlashVPIV2V   : V2V -> Pol -> VPI -> VPSlash ;         -- force (her) not to sleep and dream
@@ -39,40 +47,18 @@ fun
   GenIP       : IP -> IQuant ;      -- whose
   GenRP       : Num -> CN -> RP ;   -- whose car(s)
  
----- should be covered by variants
-----    ComplBareVS   : VS -> S -> VP ;         -- know you go
-----    SlashBareV2S  : V2S -> S  -> VPSlash ;  -- answer (to him) it is good
-----    ComplSlashPartLast : VPSlash -> NP -> VP ;
+  CompoundCN  : N -> CN -> CN ;     -- control system / controls system / control-system
 
----- merge VPS and VPI
-----            MkVPS, BaseVPS, ConsVPS, ConjVPS, PredVPS,
-----            VPIForm, VPIInf, VPIPresPart, MkVPI, BaseVPI, ConsVPI, ConjVPI, ComplVPIVV,
+  GerundCN    : VP -> CN ;         -- publishing of the document (can get a determiner)
+  GerundNP    : VP -> NP ;         -- publishing the document (by nature definite)
+  GerundAdv   : VP -> Adv ;        -- publishing the document (prepositionless adverb)
 
+  PresPartAP  : VP -> AP ;         -- sleeping (man), (man) sleeping in the car
 
----- merge these two? --- Sg/Pl CN CN CN --- four wheel drive, random number generator
-    CompoundCN : Num -> N -> CN -> CN ;
-    DashCN : N -> N -> N ;
+  PastPartAP      : VPSlash -> AP ;         -- lost (opportunity) ; (opportunity) lost in space
+  PastPartAgentAP : VPSlash -> NP -> AP ;   -- (opportunity) lost by the company
 
----- merge ?
-----  NominalizeVPSlashNP : VPSlash -> NP -> NP ; -- publishing of the document
-----  EmbedPresPart : VP -> SC ;                  -- looking at Mary (is fun)
-    GerundN : V -> N ;                            -- sleeping
-
----- merge ?
-----  PartVP : VP -> AP ;                         -- (man) looking at Mary
-    GerundAP : V -> AP ;                          -- sleeping (man)
-
-    PastPartAP : V2 -> AP ;                       -- lost (opportunity) --- gen to VPSLash
-
----- why is this needed?
-    OrdCompar : A -> Ord ;                                     -- (my) better (side)
-
-    UseQuantPN : Quant -> PN -> NP;                            -- this John
-
-    SlashSlashV2V : V2V -> Ant -> Pol -> VPSlash -> VPSlash ;  ---- what is this?
-
----- eliminate as topicalizations
-    PredVPosv,PredVPovs : NP -> VP -> Cl ;         
+  UseQuantPN : Quant -> PN -> NP;  -- this John
     
 ---- merge with IdRP?
     that_RP : RP ;
@@ -95,5 +81,35 @@ fun
     CompS       : S -> Comp ;                   -- (the fact is) that she sleeps
     CompQS      : QS -> Comp ;                  -- (the question is) who sleeps
     CompVP      : Ant -> Pol -> VP -> Comp ;    -- (she is) to go
+  
+    SlashSlashV2V : V2V -> Ant -> Pol -> VPSlash -> VPSlash ;  -- induce them to sell (it) -- analogous to Verb.SlashVV
+
 
 }
+
+{-
+-- changes from ParseEngAbs
+
+ComplBareVS        -> ComplVS     -- as variant
+SlashBareV2S       -> SlashV2S    -- as variant
+ComplSlashPartLast -> ComplSlash  -- as variant
+
+CompoundCN Sg/Pl   -> CompoundCN  -- as variants
+DashCN             -> CompoundCN  -- as variant
+
+GerundN            -> GerundCN    -- special case: now CN
+                   -> GerundNP    -- an NP version without determiner
+                   -> GerundAdv   -- an Adv version without determiner or preposition
+
+GerundAP           -> PresPartAP  -- special case: now with a VP argument
+
+PastPartAP         -> PastPartAP  -- now with VPSlash argument
+                   -> PastPartAgentAP -- VPSlash + by NP
+
+OrdCompar          -> UseComparA  -- the only use in PTB reduces to this standard RGL function
+
+PredVPosv          -> PredFrontVS, PredFrontVQ  -- restricted to the special case actually occurring in PTB
+PredVPovs          ->                           -- inversion treated as variant: I am here, said she
+
+
+-}
diff --git a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsBul.gf b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsBul.gf
index 3094a777a..624d0c5ab 100644
--- a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsBul.gf
+++ b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsBul.gf
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ lin
   EmptyRelSlash = E.EmptyRelSlash ;
 
 lin
-  CompoundCN num noun cn = {
-    s = \\nf => num.s ! CFNeut Indef ++ (noun.rel ! nform2aform nf cn.g) ++ (cn.s ! (indefNForm nf)) ;
+  CompoundCN noun cn = {
+    s = \\nf => (noun.rel ! nform2aform nf cn.g) ++ (cn.s ! (indefNForm nf)) ;
     g = cn.g
   } ;
 
diff --git a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsChi.gf b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsChi.gf
index 4a20ad19b..fadc6348d 100644
--- a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsChi.gf
+++ b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsChi.gf
@@ -44,8 +44,7 @@ lin
 
 --  but_Subj = {s = "pero" ; m = Indic} ; ---- strange to have this as Subj
 
-CompoundCN num noun cn = {s = num.s ++ noun.s ++ cn.s ; c = cn.c} ; ----
-DashCN noun cn = {s = noun.s ++ cn.s ; c = cn.c} ; ----
+CompoundCN noun cn = {s = noun.s ++ cn.s ; c = cn.c} ; ----
 
   GerundN v = {
     s = v.s ;
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ DashCN noun cn = {s = noun.s ++ cn.s ; c = cn.c} ; ----
   } ;
 
   PastPartAP v = {
-    s = v.s ++ de_s ;
+    s = v.verb.s ++ de_s ; ----
     monoSyl = False ;
     hasAdA = True ; --- 
   } ;
diff --git a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsEng.gf b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsEng.gf
index fc274da81..d83f57c81 100644
--- a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsEng.gf
+++ b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsEng.gf
@@ -33,32 +33,48 @@ lin
   EmptyRelSlash = E.EmptyRelSlash ;
 
 lin
-  CompoundCN num noun cn = {
-    s = \\n,c => num.s ! Nom ++ noun.s ! num.n ! Nom ++ cn.s ! n ! c ;
+  CompoundCN noun cn = {
+    s = (\\n,c => noun.s ! Sg ! Nom ++ cn.s ! n ! c) 
+      | (\\n,c => noun.s ! Pl ! Nom ++ cn.s ! n ! c)
+      | (\\n,c => noun.s ! Sg ! Nom ++ Predef.BIND ++ "-" ++ Predef.BIND ++ cn.s ! n ! c) 
+      | (\\n,c => noun.s ! Pl ! Nom ++ Predef.BIND ++ "-" ++ Predef.BIND ++ cn.s ! n ! c) 
+      ;
     g = cn.g
   } ;
   
-  DashCN noun1 noun2 = {
-    s = \\n,c => noun1.s ! Sg ! Nom ++ "-" ++ noun2.s ! n ! c ;
-    g = noun2.g
-  } ;
 
-  GerundN v = {
-    s = \\n,c => v.s ! VPresPart ;
-    g = Neutr
-  } ;
-  
-  GerundAP v = {
-    s = \\agr => v.s ! VPresPart ;
-    isPre = True
-  } ;
+   GerundCN vp = {
+     s = \\n,c => vp.ad ! AgP3Sg Neutr ++ vp.prp ++
+                  case <n,c> of {
+                    <Sg,Nom> => "" ;
+                    <Sg,Gen> => Predef.BIND ++ "'s" ;
+                    <Pl,Nom> => Predef.BIND ++ "s" ;
+                    <Pl,Gen> => Predef.BIND ++ "s'"
+                    } ++ 
+                  vp.s2 ! AgP3Sg Neutr ++ vp.ext ; 
+     g = Neutr
+     } ;
 
-  PastPartAP v = {
-    s = \\agr => v.s ! VPPart ;
-    isPre = True
-  } ;
+   GerundNP vp = 
+     let a = AgP3Sg Neutr
+     in 
+     {s = \\_ => vp.ad ! a ++ vp.prp ++ vp.s2 ! a ++ vp.ext ; a = a} ;
 
-  OrdCompar a = {s = \\c => a.s ! AAdj Compar c } ;
+   GerundAdv vp = 
+     let a = AgP3Sg Neutr
+     in 
+     {s = vp.ad ! a ++ vp.prp ++ vp.s2 ! a ++ vp.ext} ;
+
+   PresPartAP = E.PartVP ;
+
+   PastPartAP vp = { 
+      s = \\a => vp.ad ! a ++ vp.ptp ++ vp.c2 ++ vp.s2 ! a ++ vp.ext ;
+      isPre = vp.isSimple                 -- depends on whether there are complements
+      } ;
+   PastPartAgentAP vp np = { 
+      s = \\a => vp.ad ! a ++ vp.ptp ++ vp.c2 ++ vp.s2 ! a ++ "by" ++ np.s ! NPAcc ++ vp.ext ;
+      isPre = vp.isSimple                 -- depends on whether there are complements
+      } ;
 
   PositAdVAdj a = {s = a.s ! AAdv} ;
 
@@ -80,28 +96,18 @@ lin
                                          infVP v.typ vp a.a p.p agr)
                                (predVV v) ;
 
-  PredVPosv np vp = {
-      s = \\t,a,b,o => 
-        let 
-          verb  = vp.s ! t ! a ! b ! o ! np.a ;
-          compl = vp.s2 ! np.a
-        in
-        case o of {
-          ODir _ => compl ++ frontComma ++ np.s ! npNom ++ verb.aux ++ vp.ad ! np.a ++ verb.fin ++ verb.adv ++ verb.inf ;
-          OQuest => verb.aux ++ compl ++ frontComma ++ np.s ! npNom ++ verb.adv ++ vp.ad ! np.a ++ verb.fin ++ verb.inf 
-          }
+  PredFrontVS t np vs s = 
+    let 
+      cl = mkClause (np.s ! npNom) np.a (predV vs) | E.InvFrontExtPredVP np (predV vs)
+    in {
+      s = s.s ++ frontComma ++ t.s ++ t.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! t.a ! CPos ! oDir
     } ;
-    
-  PredVPovs np vp = {
-      s = \\t,a,b,o => 
-        let 
-          verb  = vp.s ! t ! a ! b ! o ! np.a ;
-          compl = vp.s2 ! np.a
-        in
-        case o of {
-          ODir _ => compl ++ frontComma ++ verb.aux ++ verb.adv ++ vp.ad ! np.a ++ verb.fin ++ verb.inf ++ np.s ! npNom ;
-          OQuest => verb.aux ++ compl ++ verb.adv ++ vp.ad ! np.a ++ verb.fin ++ verb.inf ++ np.s ! npNom
-          }
+
+  PredFrontVQ t np vs s = 
+    let 
+      cl = mkClause (np.s ! npNom) np.a (predV vs) | E.InvFrontExtPredVP np (predV vs)
+    in {
+      s = s.s ! QDir ++ frontComma ++ t.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! t.a ! CPos ! oDir
     } ;
 
   that_RP = {
diff --git a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsFin.gf b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsFin.gf
index f44563225..10a122793 100644
--- a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsFin.gf
+++ b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsFin.gf
@@ -47,17 +47,12 @@ lin
                }
          ) ;
 
-  CompoundCN num noun cn = {
-    s = \\nf => num.s ! Sg ! Nom ++ noun.s ! 10 ++ BIND ++ cn.s ! nf ;
+  CompoundCN noun cn = {
+    s = \\nf => noun.s ! 10 ++ BIND ++ cn.s ! nf ;
     h = cn.h
     } ;
 
-  DashCN noun1 noun2 = {
-    s = \\nf => noun1.s ! 10 ++ BIND ++ noun2.s ! nf ;
-    h = noun2.h
-    } ;
-
-  PastPartAP v = {s = \\_,nf => (sverb2verbSep v).s ! PastPartPass (AN nf)} ;
+----  PastPartAP vp = {s = \\_,nf => (sverb2verbSep v).s ! PastPartPass (AN nf)} ;
 
   PredVPosv np vp = mkCl np vp ; ----
 
diff --git a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsFre.gf b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsFre.gf
index f24605d1d..44407f7b0 100644
--- a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsFre.gf
+++ b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsFre.gf
@@ -48,17 +48,12 @@ lin
 
 
 lin
-  CompoundCN num noun cn = {
-    s = \\n => cn.s ! n ++ elisDe ++ noun.s ! num.n ;
+  CompoundCN noun cn = {
+    s = \\n => cn.s ! n ++ elisDe ++ noun.s ! Sg ;
     g = cn.g
   } ;
 
 {-  
-  DashCN noun1 noun2 = {
-    s = \\n,c => noun1.s ! Sg ! Nom ++ "-" ++ noun2.s ! n ! c ;
-    g = noun2.g
-  } ;
-
   GerundN v = {
     s = \\n,c => v.s ! VPresPart ;
     g = Neutr
@@ -68,7 +63,7 @@ lin
     s = \\agr => v.s ! VPresPart ;
     isPre = True
   } ;
--}
+-- }
 
   PastPartAP v = {
     s = table {
@@ -78,7 +73,7 @@ lin
     isPre = True
   } ;
 
-{-
+ --{-
   OrdCompar a = {s = \\c => a.s ! AAdj Compar c } ;
 -}
 
diff --git a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsGer.gf b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsGer.gf
index 8913b17d0..ecb39055e 100644
--- a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsGer.gf
+++ b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsGer.gf
@@ -63,17 +63,11 @@ lin
     PredVPosv = G.PredVP;
     PredVPovs = G.PredVP;
 
-  CompoundCN num noun cn = {
-    s = \\a,n,c => num.s ! noun.g ! Nom ++ glue (noun.s ! num.n ! Nom) (cn.s ! a ! n ! c) ;
+  CompoundCN noun cn = {
+    s = \\a,n,c => glue (noun.s ! Sg ! Nom) (cn.s ! a ! n ! c) ;
     g = cn.g
   } ;
 
-
-  DashCN noun1 noun2 = { -- type-checking
-    s = \\n,c => glue (noun1.s ! Sg ! Nom) (noun2.s ! n ! c) ;
-    g = noun2.g
-  } ;
-
   GerundN v = { -- parsing
     s = \\n,c => v.s ! VInf False ; --- formalisieren, not formalisierung
     g = Neutr
diff --git a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsHin.gf b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsHin.gf
index a2ca34f60..fa4498028 100644
--- a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsHin.gf
+++ b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsHin.gf
@@ -37,16 +37,11 @@ lin
 
 lin
 
-  CompoundCN num noun cn = {
-    s = \\n,c => num.s  ++ cn.s ! n ! c ++ noun.s ! num.n ! Dir;
+  CompoundCN noun cn = {
+    s = \\n,c => cn.s ! Sg ! Dir ++ noun.s ! n ! c;
     g = cn.g
   } ;
   
-  DashCN noun1 noun2 = {
-    s = \\n,c => noun1.s ! n ! Dir ++ "-" ++ noun2.s ! n ! c ;
-    g = noun2.g
-  } ;
-
   GerundN v = {
     s = \\n,c => v.cvp ++ v.s ! Inf ; -- v.s ! VF Imperf Pers2_Casual n Masc ++ hwa (Ag Masc n Pers2_Casual) ; --the main verb of compound verbs
     g = Masc
@@ -56,9 +51,9 @@ lin
     s = \\n,g,_,_ => v.cvp ++ v.s ! VF Imperf Pers2_Casual n g ++ hwa (Ag g n Pers2_Casual) ;   
   } ;
 
-  PastPartAP v = {
-    s = \\n,g,_,_ => v.cvp ++ v.s ! VF Imperf Pers2_Casual n g ; -- the main verb of compound versb needs to be attached here
-  } ;
+----  PastPartAP v = {
+----    s = \\n,g,_,_ => v.cvp ++ v.s ! VF Imperf Pers2_Casual n g ; -- the main verb of compound versb needs to be attached here
+----  } ;
 
   OrdCompar a = {s = a.s ! Sg ! Masc ! Dir ! Compar ; n = Sg } ;
 
diff --git a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsSwe.gf b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsSwe.gf
index 74cd47787..f9214456f 100644
--- a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsSwe.gf
+++ b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsSwe.gf
@@ -35,18 +35,12 @@ lin
 
 
 lin
-  CompoundCN num noun cn = {
-      s = \\n,d,c => num.s ! cn.g ++ noun.co ++ BIND ++ cn.s ! n ! d ! c ; 
+  CompoundCN noun cn = {
+      s = \\n,d,c => noun.co ++ BIND ++ cn.s ! n ! d ! c ; 
       g = cn.g ;
       isMod = False
       } ;
 
-  DashCN noun1 noun2 = {
-      s = \\n,d,c => noun1.co ++ BIND ++ noun2.s ! n ! d ! c ; 
-      g = noun2.g ;
-      co = noun1.co ++ BIND ++ noun2.co ---- add s if not already there
-      } ;
-
   GerundN v = {
     s = \\n,d,c => v.s ! VI (VPtPres n d c) ;
     g = Neutr ;
@@ -58,11 +52,7 @@ lin
     isPre = True
   } ;
 
-  PastPartAP v = {
-    s = \\afpos => v.s ! VI (VPtPret afpos Nom) ;
-    isPre = True
-  } ;
-
+----  PastPartAP vp
 
   OrdCompar a = {
       s = case a.isComp of {
diff --git a/lib/src/translator/TranslateEng.gf b/lib/src/translator/TranslateEng.gf
index b6c6772c3..76e20b966 100644
--- a/lib/src/translator/TranslateEng.gf
+++ b/lib/src/translator/TranslateEng.gf
@@ -11,10 +11,16 @@ concrete TranslateEng of Translate =
     addGenitiveS
     ],
   ConjunctionEng,
-  VerbEng - [SlashV2V, PassV2, UseCopula, ComplVV],
+  VerbEng - [
+    SlashV2V, PassV2, UseCopula, ComplVV,  -- generalized in Extensions
+    ComplVS, SlashV2S, ComplSlash          -- have variants in Eng
+    ],
   AdverbEng,
   PhraseEng,
-  SentenceEng - [UseCl], -- replaced by UseCl | ContractedUseCl
+  SentenceEng - [
+----    PredVP,   -- to be replaced by PredVPS, QuestVPS, QuestIAdvVPS in Extensions
+    UseCl     -- replaced by UseCl | ContractedUseCl
+    ],        
   QuestionEng,
   RelativeEng,
   IdiomEng [NP, VP, Tense, Cl, ProgrVP, ExistNP, SelfAdvVP, SelfAdVVP, SelfNP],
@@ -23,14 +29,21 @@ concrete TranslateEng of Translate =
 
   ExtensionsEng,
   DictionaryEng ** 
-open MorphoEng, ResEng, ParadigmsEng, (S = SentenceEng), (E = ExtraEng), Prelude in {
+open MorphoEng, ResEng, ParadigmsEng, (G = GrammarEng), (E = ExtraEng), Prelude in {
 
 flags
   literal=Symb ;
 
 -- exceptional linearizations
 lin
-  UseCl t p cl = S.UseCl t p cl | E.ContractedUseCl t p cl ;
+  UseCl t p cl = 
+     G.UseCl t p cl              -- I am here
+   | E.ContractedUseCl t p cl    -- I'm here
+   ;
+
+  ComplVS vs s = G.ComplVS vs s | E.ComplBareVS vs s ;
+  SlashV2S vs s = G.SlashV2S vs s | E.SlashBareV2S vs s ;
+  ComplSlash vps np = G.ComplSlash vps np | E.ComplSlashPartLast vps np ;
 
   PPos = {s = [] ; p = CPos} ;
   PNeg = {s = [] ; p = CNeg True} | {s = [] ; p = CNeg False} ;