forked from GitHub/gf-core
tutorial in final form
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all: html tex
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html:
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html:
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txt2tags -thtml --toc gf-tutorial2_8.txt
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txt2tags -thtml --toc gf-tutorial2.txt
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tex:
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tex:
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txt2tags -ttex --toc gf-tutorial2_8.txt
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txt2tags -ttex --toc gf-tutorial2.txt
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pdflatex gf-tutorial2_8.tex
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pdflatex gf-tutorial2.tex
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pdflatex gf-tutorial2_8.tex
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pdflatex gf-tutorial2.tex
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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interface Lex = open Grammar in {
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interface Lex = open Syntax in {
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oper
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oper
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even_A : A ;
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even_A : A ;
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@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
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instance LexEng of Lex = open GrammarEng, ParadigmsEng in {
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instance LexEng of Lex = open SyntaxEng, ParadigmsEng in {
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oper
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oper
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even_A = regA "even" ;
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even_A = mkA "even" ;
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odd_A = regA "odd" ;
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odd_A = mkA "odd" ;
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zero_PN = regPN "zero" ;
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zero_PN = mkPN "zero" ;
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}
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}
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@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
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instance LexFre of Lex = open GrammarFre, ParadigmsFre in {
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instance LexFre of Lex = open SyntaxFre, ParadigmsFre in {
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oper
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oper
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even_A = regA "pair" ;
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even_A = mkA "pair" ;
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odd_A = regA "impair" ;
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odd_A = mkA "impair" ;
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zero_PN = regPN "zéro" ;
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zero_PN = mkPN "zéro" ;
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}
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}
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@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
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--# -path=.:api:present:prelude:mathematical
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--# -path=.:present:prelude
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concrete MathEng of Math = MathI with
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concrete MathEng of Math = MathI with
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(Grammar = GrammarEng),
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(Syntax = SyntaxEng),
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(Combinators = CombinatorsEng),
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(Predication = PredicationEng),
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(Lex = LexEng) ;
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(Lex = LexEng) ;
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@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
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--# -path=.:api:present:prelude:mathematical
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--# -path=.:present:prelude
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concrete MathFre of Math = MathI with
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concrete MathFre of Math = MathI with
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(Grammar = GrammarFre),
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(Syntax = SyntaxFre),
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(Combinators = CombinatorsFre),
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(Predication = PredicationFre),
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(Lex = LexFre) ;
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(Lex = LexFre) ;
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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incomplete concrete MathI of Math =
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incomplete concrete MathI of Math =
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open Grammar, Combinators, Predication, Lex in {
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open Syntax, Lex in {
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flags startcat = Prop ;
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flags startcat = Prop ;
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@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ incomplete concrete MathI of Math =
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Elem = NP ;
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Elem = NP ;
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lin
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lin
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And x y = coord and_Conj x y ;
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And x y = mkS and_Conj x y ;
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Even x = PosCl (pred even_A x) ;
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Even x = mkS (mkCl x even_A) ;
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Odd x = PosCl (pred odd_A x) ;
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Odd x = mkS (mkCl x odd_A) ;
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Zero = UsePN zero_PN ;
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Zero = mkNP zero_PN ;
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}
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}
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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Aarne Ranta
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In this directory, we have a minimal resource grammar
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We will show how to build a minimal resource grammar
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application whose architecture scales up to much
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application whose architecture scales up to much
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larger applications. The application is run from the
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larger applications. The application is run from the
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shell by the command
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shell by the command
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@@ -47,14 +47,11 @@ The system was built in 22 steps explained below.
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1. Write ``Math.gf``, which defines what you want to say.
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1. Write ``Math.gf``, which defines what you want to say.
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```
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```
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abstract Math = {
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abstract Math = {
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cat Prop ; Elem ;
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cat Prop ; Elem ;
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fun
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fun
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And : Prop -> Prop -> Prop ;
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And : Prop -> Prop -> Prop ;
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Even : Elem -> Prop ;
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Even : Elem -> Prop ;
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Zero : Elem ;
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Zero : Elem ;
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}
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}
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```
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```
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2. Write ``Lex.gf``, which defines which language-dependent
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2. Write ``Lex.gf``, which defines which language-dependent
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@@ -62,19 +59,16 @@ parts are needed in the concrete syntax. These are mostly
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words (lexicon), but can in fact be any operations. The definitions
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words (lexicon), but can in fact be any operations. The definitions
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only use resource abstract syntax, which is opened.
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only use resource abstract syntax, which is opened.
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```
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```
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interface Lex = open Grammar in {
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interface Lex = open Syntax in {
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oper
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oper
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even_A : A ;
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even_A : A ;
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zero_PN : PN ;
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zero_PN : PN ;
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}
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}
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```
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```
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3. Write ``LexEng.gf``, the English implementation of ``Lex.gf``
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3. Write ``LexEng.gf``, the English implementation of ``Lex.gf``
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This module uses English resource libraries.
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This module uses English resource libraries.
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```
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```
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instance LexEng of Lex = open GrammarEng, ParadigmsEng in {
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instance LexEng of Lex = open GrammarEng, ParadigmsEng in {
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oper
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oper
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even_A = regA "even" ;
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even_A = regA "even" ;
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zero_PN = regPN "zero" ;
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zero_PN = regPN "zero" ;
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@@ -82,23 +76,23 @@ instance LexEng of Lex = open GrammarEng, ParadigmsEng in {
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}
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}
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```
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```
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4. Write ``MathI.gf``, a language-independent concrete syntax of
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4. Write ``MathI.gf``, a language-independent concrete syntax of
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``Math.gf``. It opens interfaces can resource abstract syntaxes,
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``Math.gf``. It opens interfaces.
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which makes it an incomplete module, aka. parametrized module, aka.
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which makes it an incomplete module, aka. parametrized module, aka.
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functor.
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functor.
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```
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```
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incomplete concrete MathI of Math =
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incomplete concrete MathI of Math =
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open Grammar, Combinators, Predication, Lex in {
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open Syntax, Lex in {
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flags startcat = Prop ;
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flags startcat = Prop ;
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lincat
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lincat
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Prop = S ;
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Prop = S ;
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Elem = NP ;
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Elem = NP ;
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lin
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lin
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And x y = coord and_Conj x y ;
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And x y = mkS and_Conj x y ;
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Even x = PosCl (pred even_A x) ;
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Even x = mkS (mkCl x even_A) ;
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Zero = UsePN zero_PN ;
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Zero = mkNP zero_PN ;
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}
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}
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```
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```
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5. Write ``MathEng.gf``, which is just an instatiation of ``MathI.gf``,
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5. Write ``MathEng.gf``, which is just an instatiation of ``MathI.gf``,
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@@ -106,15 +100,14 @@ replacing the interfaces by their English instances. This is the module
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that will be used as a top module in GF, so it contains a path to
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that will be used as a top module in GF, so it contains a path to
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the libraries.
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the libraries.
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```
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```
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--# -path=.:api:present:prelude:mathematical
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instance LexEng of Lex = open SyntaxEng, ParadigmsEng in {
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oper
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concrete MathEng of Math = MathI with
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even_A = mkA "even" ;
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(Grammar = GrammarEng),
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zero_PN = mkPN "zero" ;
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(Combinators = CombinatorsEng),
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}
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(Predication = PredicationEng),
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(Lex = LexEng) ;
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```
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```
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===Testing===
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===Testing===
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6. Test the grammar in GF by random generation and parsing.
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6. Test the grammar in GF by random generation and parsing.
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@@ -128,39 +121,39 @@ concrete MathEng of Math = MathI with
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```
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```
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When importing the grammar, you will fail if you haven't
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When importing the grammar, you will fail if you haven't
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- correctly defined your ``GF_LIB_PATH`` as ``GF/lib``
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- correctly defined your ``GF_LIB_PATH`` as ``GF/lib``
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- compiled the resourcec by ``make`` in ``GF/lib/resource-1.0``
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- installed the resource package or
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compiled the resource from source by ``make`` in ``GF/lib/resource-1.0``
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===Adding a new language===
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===Adding a new language===
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7. Now it is time to add a new language. Write a French lexicon ``LexFre.gf``:
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7. Now it is time to add a new language. Write a French lexicon ``LexFre.gf``:
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```
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```
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instance LexFre of Lex = open GrammarFre, ParadigmsFre in {
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instance LexFre of Lex = open SyntaxFre, ParadigmsFre in {
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oper
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oper
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even_A = regA "pair" ;
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even_A = mkA "pair" ;
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zero_PN = regPN "zéro" ;
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zero_PN = mkPN "zéro" ;
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}
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}
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```
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```
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8. You also need a French concrete syntax, ``MathFre.gf``:
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8. You also need a French concrete syntax, ``MathFre.gf``:
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```
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```
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--# -path=.:api:present:prelude:mathematical
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--# -path=.:present:prelude
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concrete MathFre of Math = MathI with
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concrete MathFre of Math = MathI with
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(Grammar = GrammarFre),
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(Syntax = SyntaxFre),
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(Combinators = CombinatorsFre),
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(Predication = PredicationFre),
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(Lex = LexFre) ;
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(Lex = LexFre) ;
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```
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```
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9. This time, you can test multilingual generation:
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9. This time, you can test multilingual generation:
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```
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```
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> i MathFre.gf
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> i MathFre.gf
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> gr -tr | l -multi
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> gr | tb
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Even Zero
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Even Zero
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zéro est pair
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zéro est pair
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zero is even
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zero is even
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```
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```
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===Extending the language===
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===Extending the language===
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10. You want to add a predicate saying that a number is odd.
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10. You want to add a predicate saying that a number is odd.
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@@ -175,15 +168,15 @@ It is first added to ``Math.gf``:
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12. Then you can give a language-independent concrete syntax in
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12. Then you can give a language-independent concrete syntax in
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``MathI.gf``:
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``MathI.gf``:
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```
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```
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lin Odd x = PosCl (pred odd_A x) ;
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lin Odd x = mkS (mkCl x odd_A) ;
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```
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```
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13. The new word is implemented in ``LexEng.gf``.
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13. The new word is implemented in ``LexEng.gf``.
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```
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```
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oper odd_A = regA "odd" ;
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oper odd_A = mkA "odd" ;
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```
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```
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14. The new word is implemented in ``LexFre.gf``.
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14. The new word is implemented in ``LexFre.gf``.
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```
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```
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oper odd_A = regA "impair" ;
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oper odd_A = mkA "impair" ;
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```
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```
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15. Now you can test with the extended lexicon. First empty
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15. Now you can test with the extended lexicon. First empty
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the environment to get rid of the old abstract syntax, then
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the environment to get rid of the old abstract syntax, then
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@@ -192,12 +185,13 @@ import the new versions of the grammars.
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> e
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> e
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> i MathEng.gf
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> i MathEng.gf
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> i MathFre.gf
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> i MathFre.gf
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> gr -tr | l -multi
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> gr | tb
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And (Odd Zero) (Even Zero)
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And (Odd Zero) (Even Zero)
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zéro est impair et zéro est pair
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zéro est impair et zéro est pair
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zero is odd and zero is even
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zero is odd and zero is even
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```
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```
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==Building a user program==
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==Building a user program==
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===Producing a compiled grammar package===
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===Producing a compiled grammar package===
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