diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Extra.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Extra.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7908a2ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Extra.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+--1 More syntax rules
+
+-- This module defines syntax rules that are not implemented in all
+-- languages, but in more than one, so that it makes sense to offer a
+-- common API.
+
+abstract Extra = Cat ** {
+
+  fun
+    GenNP       : NP -> Quant ;       -- this man's
+    EmbedBareS  : S -> SC ;           -- (I know) you go
+    ComplBareVS : VS -> S -> VP ;     -- know you go
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/English.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/English.gf
index 2b4f474d4..d1efdb5af 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/english/English.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/english/English.gf
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@
 concrete English of EnglishAbs = 
   LangEng,
 --  IrregEng,
-  ExtEng 
+  ExtraEng 
   ** {} ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/EnglishAbs.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/EnglishAbs.gf
index ba1522274..6e5ede07a 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/english/EnglishAbs.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/english/EnglishAbs.gf
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 abstract EnglishAbs = 
   Lang,
 ---  IrregEngAbs,
-  ExtEngAbs
+  ExtraEngAbs
   ** {} ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/ExtEng.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/ExtEng.gf
deleted file mode 100644
index a1aa8325d..000000000
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/english/ExtEng.gf
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-concrete ExtEng of ExtEngAbs = CatEng ** open ResEng in {
-
-  lincat
-
-    Aux = {s : Polarity => Str} ;
-    
-  lin
- 
-    PredAux np aux vp = mkClause (np.s ! Nom) np.a {
-      s = \\t,ant,b,ord,agr => 
-        let 
-          fin  = aux.s ! b ;
-          vf : Str -> Str -> {fin, inf : Str} = \x,y -> 
-            {fin = x ; inf = y} ;
-        in
-        case ant of {
-          Simul => vf fin [] ;
-          Anter => vf fin "have"
-          } ;
-      s2 = \\agr => infVP vp agr
-      } ;
-
-    can_Aux  = {s = \\p => posneg p "can"} ; ---- cannt
-    must_Aux = {s = \\p => posneg p "must"} ;
-
-}
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/ExtEngAbs.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/ExtEngAbs.gf
deleted file mode 100644
index 85c117e47..000000000
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/english/ExtEngAbs.gf
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-abstract ExtEngAbs = Cat ** {
-
-  cat
-    Aux ;  -- auxiliary verbs: "can", "must", etc
-
--- Notice that $Aux$ cannot form $VP$ with infinitive, imperative, etc.
-
-  fun
-    PredAux  : NP -> Aux -> VP -> Cl ;
-    QuestAux : IP -> Aux -> VP -> QCl ;
-
-    can_Aux  : Aux ;
-    must_Aux : Aux ;
-
-}
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/ExtraEng.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/ExtraEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9aaffa36e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/english/ExtraEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+concrete ExtraEng of ExtraEngAbs = CatEng ** open ResEng in {
+
+  lin
+    GenNP np = {s = \\_ => np.s ! Gen} ;
+    EmbedBareS s = s ;
+    ComplBareVS v s  = insertObj (\\_ => s.s) (predV v) ;
+
+} 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/ExtraEngAbs.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/ExtraEngAbs.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4a9c9289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/english/ExtraEngAbs.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+abstract ExtraEngAbs = Extra ** {
+
+}
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/norwegian/ExtraNor.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/norwegian/ExtraNor.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1cfd1008b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/norwegian/ExtraNor.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+concrete ExtraNor of ExtraNorAbs = ExtraScandNor ** open CommonScand, ResNor in {
+
+  lin
+    PossNP np pro = {
+      s = \\c => np.s ! NPNom ++ pro.s ! NPPoss np.a.gn ; ---- c 
+      a = np.a
+      } ;
+}
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/norwegian/ExtraNorAbs.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/norwegian/ExtraNorAbs.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..21c03ae7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/norwegian/ExtraNorAbs.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+-- Structures special for Norwegian. These are not implemented in other
+-- Scandinavian languages.
+
+abstract ExtraNorAbs = ExtraScandAbs ** {
+
+  fun
+    PossNP : NP -> Pron -> NP ;   -- bilen min
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/norwegian/ExtraScandNor.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/norwegian/ExtraScandNor.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f988fe7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/norwegian/ExtraScandNor.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete ExtraScandNor of ExtraScandAbs = CatNor ** ExtraScand with
+  (ResScand = ResNor) ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/norwegian/Norwegian.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/norwegian/Norwegian.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc0edaf9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/norwegian/Norwegian.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+--# -path=.:../scandinavian:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+concrete Norwegian of NorwegianAbs = 
+  LangNor,
+--  IrregNor,
+  ExtraNor 
+  ** {} ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/norwegian/NorwegianAbs.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/norwegian/NorwegianAbs.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0cca4cf90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/norwegian/NorwegianAbs.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+abstract NorwegianAbs = 
+  Lang,
+---  IrregNorAbs,
+  ExtraNorAbs
+  ** {} ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/scandinavian/ExtScand.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/scandinavian/ExtScand.gf
deleted file mode 100644
index 7ec98ea9e..000000000
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/scandinavian/ExtScand.gf
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-incomplete concrete ExtScand of ExtScandAbs = 
-  CatScand ** open CommonScand, ResScand in {
-
-  lin
-    DefSgN predet noun = let g = noun.g in {
-      s = \\c => predet.s ! gennum g Sg ++ noun.s ! Sg ! Def ! caseNP c ;
-      a = agrP3 g Sg
-      } ;
-    DefPlN predet noun = let g = noun.g in {
-      s = \\c => predet.s ! Plg ++ noun.s ! Pl ! Def ! caseNP c ;
-      a = agrP3 g Sg
-      } ;
-
-}
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/scandinavian/ExtScandAbs.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/scandinavian/ExtScandAbs.gf
deleted file mode 100644
index e23f05f8e..000000000
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/scandinavian/ExtScandAbs.gf
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-abstract ExtScandAbs = Cat ** {
-
-  fun
-
--- Definite form of simple nouns without article; neither $Num$ nor $Ord$ allowed.
-
-    DefSgN, DefPlN : Predef -> N -> NP ; 
-
-}
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/scandinavian/ExtraScand.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/scandinavian/ExtraScand.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c743cb908
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/scandinavian/ExtraScand.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+incomplete concrete ExtraScand of ExtraScandAbs = CatScand ** open CommonScand,ResScand in {
+
+  lin
+    GenNP np = {
+      s = \\n,_,g => np.s ! NPPoss (gennum g n) ; 
+      det = DDef Indef
+      } ;
+
+    EmbedBareS s = {s = s.s ! Sub} ;
+    ComplBareVS v s  = insertObj (\\_ => s.s ! Sub) (predV v) ;
+
+} 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/scandinavian/ExtraScandAbs.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/scandinavian/ExtraScandAbs.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f0fb1651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/scandinavian/ExtraScandAbs.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+abstract ExtraScandAbs = Extra ** {
+
+}
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/swedish/ExtraScandSwe.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/swedish/ExtraScandSwe.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba62a8f1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/swedish/ExtraScandSwe.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete ExtraScandSwe of ExtraScandAbs = CatSwe ** ExtraScand with
+  (ResScand = ResSwe) ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/swedish/ExtraSwe.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/swedish/ExtraSwe.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca533be6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/swedish/ExtraSwe.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+concrete ExtraSwe of ExtraSweAbs = ExtraScandSwe ** {
+
+}
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/swedish/Swedish.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/swedish/Swedish.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f71934293
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/swedish/Swedish.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+--# -path=.:../scandinavian:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+concrete Swedish of SwedishAbs = 
+  LangSwe,
+--  IrregSwe,
+  ExtraSwe 
+  ** {} ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/swedish/SwedishAbs.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/swedish/SwedishAbs.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4bf60813
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/swedish/SwedishAbs.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+abstract SwedishAbs = 
+  Lang,
+---  IrregSweAbs,
+  ExtraSweAbs
+  ** {} ;