diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/catalan/IdiomCat.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/catalan/IdiomCat.gf
index 13f056876..193cd3b49 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/catalan/IdiomCat.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/catalan/IdiomCat.gf
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ concrete IdiomCat of Idiom = CatCat **
     ImpersCl vp = mkClause [] True (agrP3 Masc Sg) vp ;
 
 
-    ProgrVP vp = 
+    ProgrVP vpr = let vp = useVP vpr in 
       insertComplement 
         (\\agr => 
            let 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/danish/LexiconDan.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/danish/LexiconDan.gf
index a9c5e350b..055a2c8dd 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/danish/LexiconDan.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/danish/LexiconDan.gf
@@ -355,7 +355,8 @@ lin
   language_N = mk2N "sprog" "sproget" ;
   rule_N = mkN "regel" "regeln" "regler" "reglerne" ;
 
-----    question_N = regN "fråga" ;
+    question_N = mk2N "spørgsmål" "spørgsmålet" ;
+
 ----    ready_A = regA "färdig" ;
 ----    reason_N = regN "anledning" ;
     today_Adv = mkAdv "idag" ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/exx-resource.gft b/lib/resource-1.4/exx-resource.gft
index c99642db9..fdf05d2f2 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/exx-resource.gft
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/exx-resource.gft
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (UseComp (CompAdv here_Adv))
 
 -- Janna's and Krasimir's long examples
 
-RelCN (UseN car_N) (UseRCl TPres ASimul PPos (RelSlash IdRP (SlashVP (Us ePron they_Pron) (SlashV2VNP beg_V2V (UsePron i_Pron) (SlashVV want_VV (SlashV2A paint_V2A (PositA red_A)))))))
+RelCN (UseN car_N) (UseRCl TPres ASimul PPos (RelSlash IdRP (SlashVP (UsePron they_Pron) (SlashV2VNP beg_V2V (UsePron i_Pron) (SlashVV want_VV (SlashV2A paint_V2A (PositA red_A)))))))
 PhrUtt NoPConj (UttImpSg PPos (ImpVP (AdVVP always_AdV (ComplSlash (SlashV2a listen_V2) (DetArtSg DefArt (UseN sea_N)))))) NoVoc
 PhrUtt NoPConj (UttS (UseCl TPres ASimul PPos (ExistNP (PredetNP only_Predet (DetCN (DetArtCard IndefArt (NumNumeral (num (pot2as3 (pot1as2 (pot0as1 (pot0 n2))))))) (AdvCN (SentCN (UseN woman_N) (EmbedQS (UseQCl TCond ASimul PPos (QuestSlash (IdetIP (IdetQuant which_IQuant NumPl)) (SlashPrep (PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (ComplVV want_VV (PassV2 see_V2))) with_Prep))))) (PrepNP in_Prep (DetArtSg DefArt (UseN rain_N))))))))) NoVoc
 PhrUtt NoPConj (UttImpSg  PPos (ImpVP (ComplSlash (SlashV2A paint_V2A (ConjAP both7and_DConj (BaseAP (ComparA small_A (DetArtSg DefArt (UseN sun_N))) (ComparA big_A (DetArtSg DefArt (UseN moon_N)))))) (DetArtSg DefArt (UseN earth_N))))) NoVoc
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/french/DiffFre.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/french/DiffFre.gf
index 00a93935d..f8800a63d 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/french/DiffFre.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/french/DiffFre.gf
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ instance DiffFre of DiffRomance = open CommonRomance, PhonoFre, Prelude in {
       } ;
 
     vpAgrClit : Agr -> VPAgr = \a ->
-      VPAgrClit (aagr a.g a.n) ; --- subty
+      VPAgrClit a.g a.n ;
 
 ----    pronArg = pronArgGen Neg ; --- takes more space and time
 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/french/IdiomFre.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/french/IdiomFre.gf
index 3f12683fa..bb38c8774 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/french/IdiomFre.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/french/IdiomFre.gf
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ concrete IdiomFre of Idiom = CatFre **
         (\\a => "en" ++ "train" ++ elisDe ++ infVP vp a) 
         (predV copula) ;
 
-    ImpPl1 vp = {s =
+    ImpPl1 vpr = let vp = useVP vpr in {s =
       (mkImperative False P1 vp).s ! Pos ! {n = Pl ; g = Masc} --- fem
       } ;
 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/german/NounGer.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/german/NounGer.gf
index f6921f8ba..4c8dc3551 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/german/NounGer.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/german/NounGer.gf
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ concrete NounGer of Noun = CatGer ** open ResGer, Prelude in {
       } ;
 
     RelNP np rs = {
-      s = \\c => np.s ! c ++ rs.s ! gennum np.a.g np.a.n ;
+      s = \\c => np.s ! c ++ "," ++ rs.s ! gennum np.a.g np.a.n ;
       a = np.a ;
       isPron = False
       } ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/german/ResGer.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/german/ResGer.gf
index 059e150b8..9df407b3d 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/german/ResGer.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/german/ResGer.gf
@@ -367,11 +367,15 @@ resource ResGer = ParamX ** open Prelude in {
 
 -- For $Verb$.
 
-  VP : Type = {
+  VPC : Type = {
       s : Bool => Agr => VPForm => { -- True = prefix glued to verb
         fin : Str ;          -- hat
         inf : Str            -- wollen
-        } ;
+        } 
+      } ;
+
+  VP : Type = {
+      s  : Verb ;
       a1 : Polarity => Str ; -- nicht
       n2 : Agr => Str ;      -- dich
       a2 : Str ;             -- heute
@@ -382,8 +386,10 @@ resource ResGer = ParamX ** open Prelude in {
 
   predV : Verb -> VP = predVGen False ;
 
-  predVGen : Bool -> Verb -> VP = \isAux, verb ->
+  useVP : VP -> VPC = \vp ->
     let
+      isAux = vp.isAux ;
+      verb = vp.s ;
       vfin : Bool -> Mood -> Tense -> Agr -> Str = \b,m,t,a -> 
         verb.s ! vFin b m t a ;
       vinf = verb.s ! VInf False ;
@@ -426,7 +432,18 @@ resource ResGer = ParamX ** open Prelude in {
       VPImperat True  => vf False (verb.s ! VFin False (VPresSubj Pl P3)) [] ;
       VPInfinit Anter => vf True [] (vpart ++ haben) ; --# notpresent
       VPInfinit Simul => vf True [] (verb.s ! VInf b)
-      } ;
+      }
+    } ;
+
+
+  predVGen : Bool -> Verb -> VP = \isAux, verb -> {
+    s = {
+     s = verb.s ;
+     prefix = verb.prefix ;
+     aux = verb.aux ;
+     vtype = verb.vtype
+     } ;
+
     a1  : Polarity => Str = negation ;
     n2  : Agr => Str = case verb.vtype of {
       VAct => \\_ => [] ;
@@ -498,7 +515,7 @@ resource ResGer = ParamX ** open Prelude in {
   insertObj : (Agr => Str) -> VP -> VP = \obj,vp -> {
     s = vp.s ;
     a1 = vp.a1 ;
-    n2 = \\a => vp.n2 ! a ++ obj ! a ;
+    n2 = \\a => obj ! a ++ vp.n2 ! a ;
     a2 = vp.a2 ;
     isAux = vp.isAux ;
     inf = vp.inf ;
@@ -551,14 +568,14 @@ resource ResGer = ParamX ** open Prelude in {
     s : Mood => Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => Order => Str
     } ;
 
-  mkClause : Str -> Agr -> VP -> Clause = \subj,agr,vp -> {
+  mkClause : Str -> Agr -> VP -> Clause = \subj,agr,vp ->  let vps = useVP vp in {
       s = \\m,t,a,b,o =>
         let
           ord   = case o of {
             Sub => True ;  -- glue prefix to verb
             _ => False
             } ;
-          verb  = vp.s  ! ord ! agr ! VPFinite m t a ;
+          verb  = vps.s  ! ord ! agr ! VPFinite m t a ;
           neg   = vp.a1 ! b ;
           obj   = vp.n2 ! agr ;
           compl = obj ++ neg ++ vp.a2 ;
@@ -578,10 +595,10 @@ resource ResGer = ParamX ** open Prelude in {
           }
     } ;
 
-  infVP : Bool -> VP -> ((Agr => Str) * Str * Str) = \isAux, vp ->
+  infVP : Bool -> VP -> ((Agr => Str) * Str * Str) = \isAux, vp -> let vps = useVP vp in
     <
      \\agr => vp.n2 ! agr ++  vp.a2,
-     vp.a1 ! Pos ++ (vp.s ! (notB isAux) ! agrP3 Sg ! VPInfinit Simul).inf,
+     vp.a1 ! Pos ++ (vps.s ! (notB isAux) ! agrP3 Sg ! VPInfinit Simul).inf,
      vp.inf ++ vp.ext
     > ;
 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/german/SentenceGer.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/german/SentenceGer.gf
index 512db531f..9154c1445 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/german/SentenceGer.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/german/SentenceGer.gf
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ concrete SentenceGer of Sentence = CatGer ** open ResGer, Prelude in {
 
     PredSCVP sc vp = mkClause sc.s (agrP3 Sg) vp ;
 
-    ImpVP vp = {
+    ImpVP vp =  let vps = useVP vp in {
       s = \\pol,n => 
         let 
           ps = case n of {
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ concrete SentenceGer of Sentence = CatGer ** open ResGer, Prelude in {
             _ => <P2,[],False>
             } ;
           agr  = {g = Fem ; n = numImp n ; p = ps.p1} ; --- g does not matter
-          verb = vp.s ! False ! agr ! VPImperat ps.p3 ;
+          verb = vps.s ! False ! agr ! VPImperat ps.p3 ;
           inf  = vp.inf ++ verb.inf ;
         in
         verb.fin ++ ps.p2 ++ 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/german/StructuralGer.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/german/StructuralGer.gf
index bf9394b50..6dfe9f6ea 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/german/StructuralGer.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/german/StructuralGer.gf
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ concrete StructuralGer of Structural = CatGer **
   how8many_IDet = detLikeAdj Pl "wieviel" ;
   if_Subj = ss "wenn" ;
   in8front_Prep = mkPrep "vor" Dat ;
-  i_Pron = mkPronPers "ich" "mich" "mir" "meiner" "mein" Fem Sg P1 ;
+  i_Pron = mkPronPers "ich" "mich" "mir" "meiner" "mein" Masc Sg P1 ;
   in_Prep = mkPrep "in" Dat ;
   it_Pron = mkPronPers "es" "es" "ihm" "seiner" "sein"  Neutr Sg P3 ;
   less_CAdv = ss "weniger" ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/italian/DiffIta.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/italian/DiffIta.gf
index c1996398a..3cca9cd5c 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/italian/DiffIta.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/italian/DiffIta.gf
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ instance DiffIta of DiffRomance = open CommonRomance, PhonoIta, BeschIta, Prelud
       } ;
 
     vpAgrClit : Agr -> VPAgr = \a ->
-      VPAgrClit (aagr a.g a.n) ; --- subty
+      VPAgrClit a.g a.n ; --- subty
 
     pronArg = \n,p,acc,dat ->
       let 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/italian/IdiomIta.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/italian/IdiomIta.gf
index 7b74df6b2..2f1bb118d 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/italian/IdiomIta.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/italian/IdiomIta.gf
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ concrete IdiomIta of Idiom = CatIta **
 
   lin
     ImpersCl vp = mkClause [] True (agrP3 Masc Sg) vp ;
-    GenericCl vp = mkClause "si" True (agrP3 Masc Sg) vp ; ---- non se ci fanno cose
+
+    GenericCl vp = 
+      mkClause [] True (agrP3 Masc Sg) (insertRefl vp) ;
 
     CleftNP np rs = mkClause [] True (agrP3 Masc Sg) 
       (insertComplement (\\_ => rs.s ! Indic ! np.a)
@@ -29,7 +31,8 @@ concrete IdiomIta of Idiom = CatIta **
               (predV copula))).s ! DDir ! t ! a ! p ! Indic
       } ;
 
-    ProgrVP vp = 
+    ProgrVP vpr =
+      let vp = useVP vpr in 
       insertComplement 
         (\\agr => 
            let 
@@ -40,7 +43,7 @@ concrete IdiomIta of Idiom = CatIta **
         )
         (predV (essereV (verboV (stare_16 "stare")))) ;
 
-    ImpPl1 vp = {s =
+    ImpPl1 vpr = let vp = useVP vpr in {s =
       (mkImperative False P1 vp).s ! Pos ! {n = Pl ; g = Masc} --- fem
       } ;
 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/italian/LexiconIta.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/italian/LexiconIta.gf
index 61bf0fdd8..6cbc29d85 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/italian/LexiconIta.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/italian/LexiconIta.gf
@@ -355,6 +355,7 @@ lin
   language_N = regN "lingua" ;
   rule_N = regN "regola" ;
 
+  question_N = regN "domanda" ;
   today_Adv = mkAdv "oggi" ;
 
 } ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/LexiconNor.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/LexiconNor.gf
index cceb25b41..30cda22ea 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/LexiconNor.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/LexiconNor.gf
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ lin
   language_N = mk2N "språk" "språket" ;
   rule_N = mkN "regel" "regelen" "regler" "reglene" ;
 
-----    question_N = regN "fråga" ;
+    question_N = mk2N "spørsmål" "spørsmålet" ;
 ----    ready_A = regA "färdig" ;
 ----    reason_N = regN "anledning" ;
     today_Adv = mkAdv "idag" ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/romance/CatRomance.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/romance/CatRomance.gf
index a3829d811..4a88dd082 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/romance/CatRomance.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/romance/CatRomance.gf
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ incomplete concrete CatRomance of Cat =
 
 -- Verb
 
-    VP = CommonRomance.VP ;
-    VPSlash = CommonRomance.VP ** {c2 : Compl} ;
+    VP = ResRomance.VP ;
+    VPSlash = ResRomance.VP ** {c2 : Compl} ;
     Comp = {s : Agr => Str} ; 
 
 -- Adjective
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/romance/CommonRomance.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/romance/CommonRomance.gf
index 528ea22d8..f167f38fa 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/romance/CommonRomance.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/romance/CommonRomance.gf
@@ -176,11 +176,11 @@ oper
 
     appVPAgr : VPAgr -> AAgr -> AAgr = \vp,agr -> 
       case vp of {
-        VPAgrSubj   => agr ;
-        VPAgrClit a => a
+        VPAgrSubj     => agr ;
+        VPAgrClit g n => {g = g ; n = n}
         } ;
 
-    vpAgrNone : VPAgr = VPAgrClit (aagr Masc Sg) ;
+    vpAgrNone : VPAgr = VPAgrClit Masc Sg ;
 
   oper
     mkOrd : {s : Degree => AForm => Str} -> {s : AAgr => Str} ;
@@ -193,11 +193,10 @@ oper
   param
     VPAgr = 
        VPAgrSubj                    -- elle est partie, elle s'est vue
-     | VPAgrClit                    -- elle a dormi; elle les a vues
-         {g : Gender ; n : Number} ;
+     | VPAgrClit Gender Number ;    -- elle a dormi; elle les a vues
 
   oper
-  VP : Type = {
+  VPC : Type = {
       s : VPForm => {
         fin : Agr  => Str ;              -- ai  
         inf : AAgr => Str                -- dit 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/romance/DiffRomance.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/romance/DiffRomance.gf
index acf44cb9b..4ff5f3c96 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/romance/DiffRomance.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/romance/DiffRomance.gf
@@ -49,8 +49,7 @@ interface DiffRomance = open CommonRomance, Prelude in {
 
 -- To render imperatives (with their clitics etc).
 
-  oper mkImperative : Bool -> Person -> CommonRomance.VP -> {s : Polarity => AAgr => Str} ;
-
+  oper mkImperative : Bool -> Person -> VPC -> {s : Polarity => AAgr => Str} ;
 
 --2 Constants that must derivatively depend on language
 
@@ -104,5 +103,6 @@ param
 oper
   Verb = {s : VF => Str ; vtyp : VType} ;
 
+
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/romance/ResRomance.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/romance/ResRomance.gf
index 9191b5f5f..6e91fe665 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/romance/ResRomance.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/romance/ResRomance.gf
@@ -48,8 +48,23 @@ oper
   appCompl : Compl -> (NPForm => Str) -> Str = \comp,np ->
     comp.s ++ np ! Ton comp.c ;
 
-  predV : Verb -> VP = \verb -> 
+  oper
+
+  VP : Type = {
+      s : Verb ;
+      agr    : VPAgr ;                   -- dit/dite dep. on verb, subj, and clitic
+      neg    : Polarity => (Str * Str) ; -- ne-pas
+      clAcc  : CAgr ;                    -- le/se
+      clDat  : CAgr ;                    -- lui
+      clit2  : Str ;                     -- y en
+      comp   : Agr => Str ;              -- content(e) ; ā ma mčre ; hier
+      ext    : Polarity => Str ;         -- que je dors / que je dorme
+      } ;
+
+
+  useVP : VP -> VPC = \vp -> 
     let
+      verb = vp.s ;
       vfin  : TMood -> Agr -> Str = \tm,a -> verb.s ! VFin tm a.n a.p ;
       vpart : AAgr -> Str = \a -> verb.s ! VPart a.g a.n ;
       vinf  : Bool -> Str = \b -> verb.s ! VInfin b ;
@@ -86,6 +101,23 @@ oper
       VPGerund         => vf (\_ -> []) (\_ -> vger) ;
       VPInfinit Simul b=> vf (\_ -> []) (\_ -> vinf b)
       } ;
+    agr    = vp.agr ; -- partAgr typ ;
+    neg    = vp.neg ; -- negation ;
+    clAcc  = vp.clAcc ; -- case isVRefl typ of {
+         -- True => CRefl ;
+         -- _    => CNone
+         -- } ;
+    clDat  = vp.clDat ; -- CNone ; --- no dative refls
+    clit2  = vp.clit2 ; -- [] ;
+    comp   = vp.comp ; -- \\a => [] ;
+    ext    = vp.ext -- \\p => []
+    } ;
+
+  predV : Verb -> VP = \verb -> 
+    let
+      typ = verb.vtyp ;
+    in {
+    s = {s = verb.s ; vtyp = typ} ;
     agr    = partAgr typ ;
     neg    = negation ;
     clAcc  = case isVRefl typ of {
@@ -137,6 +169,7 @@ oper
     ext   = vp.ext ;
     } ;
 
+
 -- Agreement with preceding relative or interrogative: 
 -- "les femmes que j'ai aimées"
 
@@ -151,6 +184,17 @@ oper
     ext   = vp.ext ;
     } ;
 
+  insertRefl : VP -> VP = \vp -> { 
+    s     = {s = vp.s.s ; vtyp = vRefl} ;
+    agr   = vp.agr ;
+    clAcc = CRefl ; 
+    clDat = vp.clDat ; 
+    clit2 = vp.clit2 ; 
+    neg   = vp.neg ;
+    comp  = vp.comp ;
+    ext   = vp.ext ;
+    } ;
+
   insertAdv : Str -> VP -> VP = \co,vp -> { 
     s     = vp.s ;
     agr   = vp.agr ;
@@ -199,7 +243,7 @@ oper
 
   mkClause : Str -> Bool -> Agr -> VP -> 
     {s : Direct => RTense => Anteriority => Polarity => Mood => Str} =
-    \subj,hasClit,agr,vp -> {
+    \subj,hasClit,agr,vpr -> {
       s = \\d,t,a,b,m => 
         let 
           tm = case t of {
@@ -209,6 +253,7 @@ oper
             RPasse => VPasse ;      --# notpresent
             RPres  => VPres m
             } ;
+          vp    = useVP vpr ;
           vps   = vp.s ! VPFinite tm a ;
           verb  = vps.fin ! agr ;
           inf   = vps.inf ! (appVPAgr vp.agr (aagr agr.g agr.n)) ; --- subtype bug
@@ -229,8 +274,9 @@ oper
 --- have a "-" with possibly a special verb form with "t":
 --- "comment fera-t-il" vs. "comment fera Pierre"
 
-  infVP : VP -> Agr -> Str = \vp,agr ->
+  infVP : VP -> Agr -> Str = \vpr,agr ->
       let
+        vp   = useVP vpr ;
         clpr = pronArg agr.n agr.p vp.clAcc vp.clDat ;
         inf  = (vp.s ! VPInfinit Simul clpr.p3).inf ! (aagr agr.g agr.n) ;
         neg  = vp.neg ! Pos ; --- Neg not in API
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/romance/SentenceRomance.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/romance/SentenceRomance.gf
index feadd991c..66b9ed8dd 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/romance/SentenceRomance.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/romance/SentenceRomance.gf
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ incomplete concrete SentenceRomance of Sentence =
 
     PredSCVP sc vp = mkClause sc.s False (agrP3 Masc Sg) vp ;
 
-    ImpVP vp = {
+    ImpVP vpr = let vp = useVP vpr in {
       s = \\p,i,g => case i of {
         ImpF n b => (mkImperative b P2 vp).s ! p ! (aagr g n)
         }
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/romance/VerbRomance.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/romance/VerbRomance.gf
index b6c96f06b..b09e0426b 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/romance/VerbRomance.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/romance/VerbRomance.gf
@@ -36,15 +36,17 @@ incomplete concrete VerbRomance of Verb =
          (\\_ => q.s ! QIndir)
          (predV v)) ; 
 
+    {- ---- lincat should be fixed
     SlashV2A v ap = 
 
-      let af = AF Masc Sg
-    {- ---- lincat should be fixed
       let af = case v.c3.isDir of {
         True => AF np.a.g np.a.n ;  -- ... bleues
         _ => AF Masc Sg             -- il les peint en bleu
         }
     -}
+
+    SlashV2A v ap = 
+      let af = AF Masc Sg
       in
       mkVPSlash v.c2
         (insertComplement 
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ incomplete concrete VerbRomance of Verb =
     ComplSlash vp np = insertObject vp.c2 np vp ;
 
     ReflVP v = case v.c2.isDir of {
-      True  => v ** {vtyp = vRefl} ;
+      True  => insertRefl v ;
       False => insertComplement 
                  (\\a => v.c2.s ++ reflPron a.n  a.p v.c2.c) v
       } ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/spanish/IdiomSpa.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/spanish/IdiomSpa.gf
index 0697942ac..209d66c0a 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/spanish/IdiomSpa.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/spanish/IdiomSpa.gf
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ concrete IdiomSpa of Idiom = CatSpa **
 
   lin
     ImpersCl vp = mkClause [] True (agrP3 Masc Sg) vp ;
-    GenericCl vp = mkClause "se" True (agrP3 Masc Sg) vp ; ---- just Italian ?
+
+    GenericCl vp = 
+      mkClause [] True (agrP3 Masc Sg) (insertRefl vp) ; ---- just Italian ?
 
     CleftNP np rs = mkClause [] True (agrP3 Masc Sg) 
       (insertComplement (\\_ => rs.s ! Indic ! np.a)
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ concrete IdiomSpa of Idiom = CatSpa **
         (mkClause [] True (agrP3 Masc Sg) (predV (verboV (hay_3 "haber")))).s ! DDir ! t ! a ! p ! Indic
       } ;
 
-    ProgrVP vp = 
+    ProgrVP vpr = let vp = useVP vpr in
       insertComplement 
         (\\agr => 
            let 
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ concrete IdiomSpa of Idiom = CatSpa **
         )
         (predV (verboV (estar_2 "estar"))) ;
 
-    ImpPl1 vp = {s =
+    ImpPl1 vpr = let vp = useVP vpr in {s =
       (mkImperative False P1 vp).s ! Pos ! {n = Pl ; g = Masc} --- fem
       } ;