forked from GitHub/gf-core
Added Maltese RG (compiles but far from complete)
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john.j.camilleri
311
lib/src/maltese/ResMlt.gf
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311
lib/src/maltese/ResMlt.gf
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-- ResMlt.gf: Language-specific parameter types, morphology, VP formation
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--
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-- Maltese Resource Grammar Library
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-- John J. Camilleri, 2011
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-- Licensed under LGPL
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--# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../prelude
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{-
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Verb types summary:
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===================
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- Strong verb: none of radicals are semi-vowels eg ĦAREĠ (Ħ-R-Ġ)
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- Defective verb: third radical is semivowel GĦ eg QATA' (Q-T-GĦ)
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- Weak verb: third radical is semivowel J eg MEXA (M-X-J)
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- Hollow verb: long A or IE btw radicals 1 & 3 eg QAL (Q-W-L) or SAB (S-J-B)
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- Double/Geminated verb: radicals 2 & 3 identical eg ĦABB (Ħ-B-B)
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- Quadriliteral verb: 4 radicals eg QARMEĊ (Q-R-M-Ċ)
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-}
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resource ResMlt = PatternsMlt ** open Prelude in {
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flags coding=utf8 ;
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param
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-- Used in the NumeralMlt module
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CardOrd = NCard | NOrd ;
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DTail = T1 | T2 | T3 ; -- This is already defined in ParamX...
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Num_Number =
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NumSg
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| NumDual
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| NumPl
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;
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DForm =
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Unit -- 0..10
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| Teen -- 11-19
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--| TeenIl -- 11-19
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| Ten -- 20-99
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| Hund -- 100..999
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--| Thou -- 1000+
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;
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Num_Case =
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NumNominative
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| NumAdjectival ;
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{-
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Note: NNQ = Non-numerically quantifiable
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Nouns can have the following forms:
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o Singular
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- Singulative (1, >10)
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- Collective (NNQ)
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o Dual (2)
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o Plural
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- Determinate (2-10)
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- Indeterminate (NNQ)
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- Sound
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- Broken
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- Plural of Plural
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Typical combinations thereof (* marks base form):
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- Singulative, no plural!
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- Singulative*, Plural
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- Singulative* (1), Dual (2), Plural (>2)
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- Singulative (1, >10), Collective* (NNQ), Determinate Plural (2-10)
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- Singulative, Collective*, Determinate Plural, Indeterminate Plural -> very few nouns have these 4 forms
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-}
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Noun_Sg_Type =
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Singulative -- eg ĦUTA
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| Collective -- eg ĦUT
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;
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Noun_Pl_Type =
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Determinate -- eg ĦUTIET
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| Indeterminate -- eg ĦWIET
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;
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Noun_Number =
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Singular Noun_Sg_Type -- eg ĦUTA / ĦUT
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| Dual -- eg WIDNEJN
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| Plural Noun_Pl_Type -- eg ĦUTIET / ĦWIET
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;
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{-
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Noun_PluralType =
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Sound -- External (affix), eg FERGĦA -> FERGĦAT
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| Broken -- Internal, eg FERGĦA -> FRIEGĦI
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| Irregular -- eg MARA -> NISA
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| PluralOfPlural -- eg TARF -> TRUF -> TRUFIJIET
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| Foreign -- eg KARTI, PRATTIĊI, TELEVIXINS
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;
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-}
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Gender = Masc | Fem ;
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Animacy =
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Animate
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| Inanimate
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;
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Definiteness =
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Definite -- eg IL-KARTA. In this context same as Determinate
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| Indefinite -- eg KARTA
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;
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{-
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-- CASE AS DEFINED BY GRAMMATIKA MALTIJA, p132
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-- Noun cases
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Case =
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Nominative -- referent as subject, eg IT-TARBIJA ...
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| Genitive -- referent as possessor, eg ... TAT-TARBIJA
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| Accusative -- referent as direct object
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| Dative -- referent as indirect object, eg ... LIT-TARBIJA
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| Ablative -- referent as instrument, cause, location, source or time, eg ... MINN TARBIJA
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| Vocative -- referent being adressed, eg AA TARBIJA (lol)
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;
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-}
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-- CASE AS DEFINED BY ME
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-- Noun cases (note my examples include DEFINITE ARTICLE)
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-- Commented lines mean that noun iflection is unchanged, not that the case does not occur in Maltese!
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Case =
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-- Absessive -- lack or absence of referent (MINGĦAJR)
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-- | Ablative -- referent as instrument, cause, location, source or time
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-- | Absolutive -- subject of intransitive or object of transitive verb (in ergative-absolutive languages)
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-- | Accusative -- referent as direct object (in nominative-accusative languages)
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-- | Allative -- motion towards referent (LEJN)
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-- | Additive -- synonym of Allative (above)
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Benefactive -- referent as recipient, eg GĦAT-TARBIJA. cf Dative.
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-- | Causative -- referent as the cause of a situation (MINĦABBA)
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| Comitative -- with, eg MAT-TARBIJA
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| Dative -- referent as indirect object, eg LIT-TARBIJA. cf Benefactive.
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-- | Delative -- motion downward from referent
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| Elative -- motion away from referent, eg MIT-TARBIJA
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| Equative -- likeness or identity, eg BĦAT-TARBIJA
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-- | Ergative -- subject of transitive verb (in ergative-absolutive languages)
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-- | Essive -- temporary state / while / in capacity of (BĦALA)
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| Genitive -- referent as possessor, eg TAT-TARBIJA
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-- | Illative -- motion into / towards referent, eg SAT-TARBIJA. cf Allative.
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| Inessive -- within referent, eg ĠOT-TARBIJA, FIT-TARBIJA
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| Instrumental -- referent as instrument, eg BIT-TARBIJA. cf Ablative.
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| Lative -- motion up to referent, eg SAT-TARBIJA
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-- | Locative -- location at referent
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| Nominative -- referent as subject, eg IT-TARBIJA
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-- | Partitive -- partial nature of referent
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-- | Prolative -- motion along / beside referent
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-- | Superessive -- on / upon (FUQ)
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-- | Translative -- referent noun or adjective as result of process of change
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-- | Vocative -- referent being adressed, eg AA TARBIJA (lol)
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;
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-- Person = P1 | P2 | P3 ;
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-- State = Def | Indef | Const ;
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-- Mood = Ind | Cnj | Jus ;
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-- Voice = Act | Pas ;
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Origin =
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Semitic
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| Romance
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| English
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;
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-- Order = Verbal | Nominal ;
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-- Just for my own use
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-- Mamma = Per3 Sg Masc ;
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-- Shortcut type
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-- GenNum = gn Gender Number2 ;
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Person_Number = Sg | Pl ;
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-- Agreement features
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Agr =
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Per1 Person_Number -- Jiena, Aħna
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| Per2 Person_Number -- Inti, Intom
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| Per3Sg Gender -- Huwa, Hija
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| Per3Pl -- Huma
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;
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-- Possible tenses
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Tense =
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Perf -- Perfect tense, eg SERAQ
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| Impf -- Imperfect tense, eg JISRAQ
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| Imp -- Imperative, eg ISRAQ
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-- | PresPart -- Present Particible. Intransitive and 'motion' verbs only, eg NIEŻEL
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-- | PastPart -- Past Particible. Both verbal & adjectival function, eg MISRUQ
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-- | VerbalNoun -- Verbal Noun, eg SERQ
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;
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-- Possible verb forms (tense + person)
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VForm =
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VPerf Agr -- Perfect tense in all pronoun cases
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| VImpf Agr -- Imperfect tense in all pronoun cases
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| VImp Person_Number -- Imperative is always Per2, Sg & Pl
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-- | VPresPart GenNum -- Present Particible for Gender/Number
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-- | VPastPart GenNum -- Past Particible for Gender/Number
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-- | VVerbalNoun -- Verbal Noun
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;
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-- Possible verb types
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VType =
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Strong -- Strong verb: none of radicals are semi-vowels eg ĦAREĠ (Ħ-R-Ġ)
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| Defective -- Defective verb: third radical is semivowel GĦ eg QATA' (Q-T-GĦ)
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| Weak -- Weak verb: third radicl is semivowel J eg MEXA (M-X-J)
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| Hollow -- Hollow verb: long A or IE btw radicals 1 & 3 eg QAL (Q-W-L) or SAB (S-J-B)
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| Double -- Double/Geminated verb: radicals 2 & 3 identical eg ĦABB (Ħ-B-B)
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| Quad -- Quadliteral verb eg KARKAR (K-R-K-R), MAQDAR (M-Q-D-R), LEMBEB (L-M-B-B)
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;
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oper
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-- Roots & Patterns
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Pattern : Type = {v1, v2 : Str} ; -- vowel1, vowel2
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-- Root3 : Type = {K, T, B : Str} ;
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-- Root4 : Type = Root3 ** {L : Str} ;
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Root : Type = {K, T, B, L : Str} ;
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-- Some classes. I need to include "c" because currently "ċ" gets downgraded to "c" in input :/
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Consonant : pattern Str = #( "b" | "c" | "ċ" | "d" | "f" | "ġ" | "g" | "għ" | "ħ" | "h" | "j" | "k" | "l" | "m" | "n" | "p" | "q" | "r" | "s" | "t" | "v" | "w" | "x" | "ż" | "z" );
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CoronalConsonant : pattern Str = #( "c" | "ċ" | "d" | "n" | "r" | "s" | "t" | "x" | "ż" | "z" ); -- "konsonanti xemxin"
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LiquidCons : pattern Str = #( "l" | "m" | "n" | "r" | "għ" );
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Vowel : pattern Str = #( "a" | "e" | "i" | "o" | "u" );
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Digraph : pattern Str = #( "ie" );
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SemiVowel : pattern Str = #( "għ" | "j" );
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{- ===== Type declarations ===== -}
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-- VP = {
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-- v : Verb ;
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-- clit : Str ;
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-- clitAgr : ClitAgr ;
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-- obj : Agr => Str
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-- } ;
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-- NP = {
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-- s : Case => {clit,obj : Str ; isClit : Bool} ;
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-- a : Agr
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-- } ;
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{-
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Noun : Type = {
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s : Number5 => Str ;
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g : Gender ;
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} ;
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-}
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Noun : Type = {
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s : Noun_Number => Definiteness => Case => Str ;
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g : Gender ;
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} ;
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Adj : Type = {
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s : Gender => Person_Number => Str ;
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-- isPre : Bool ;
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} ;
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Verb : Type = {
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s : VForm => Str ; -- Give me the form (tense, person etc) and I'll give you the string
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t : VType ; -- Inherent - Strong/Hollow etc
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o : Origin ; -- Inherent - a verb of Semitic or Romance origins?
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} ;
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{- ===== Useful helper functions ===== -}
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addDefinitePreposition : Str -> Str -> Str = \prep,n -> (getDefinitePreposition prep n) ++ n ;
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addDefiniteArticle = addDefinitePreposition "il" ;
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getDefiniteArticle = getDefinitePreposition "il" ;
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-- Correctly inflect definite preposition
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-- A more generic version of getDefiniteArticle
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-- Params:
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-- preposition (eg TAL, MAL, BĦALL)
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-- noun
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-- NOTE trying to call this with a runtime string will cause a world of pain. Design around it.
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getDefinitePreposition : Str -> Str -> Str = \prep,noun ->
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let
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-- Remove either 1 or 2 l's
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prepStem : Str = case prep of {
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_ + "ll" => Predef.tk 2 prep ;
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_ + "l" => Predef.tk 1 prep ;
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_ => prep -- this should never happen, I don't think
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}
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in
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case noun of {
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("s"|#LiquidCons) + #Consonant + _ => prep + "-i" ; -- L-ISKOLA
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("għ" | #Vowel) + _ => case prep of { -- L-GĦATBA...
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("fil"|"bil") => (Predef.take 1 prep) + "l-" ;
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"il" => "l" + "-" ;
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_ => prep + "-"
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};
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K@#CoronalConsonant + _ => prepStem + K + "-" ; -- IĊ-ĊISK
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#Consonant + _ => prep + "-" ; -- IL-QADDIS
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_ => [] -- ?
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} ;
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definiteArticle : Str =
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pre {
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"il-" ;
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"l-" / strs { "a" ; "e" ; "i" ; "o" ; "u" ; "h" ; "għ" } ;
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"iċ-" / strs { "ċ" } ;
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"id-" / strs { "d" } ;
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"in-" / strs { "n" } ;
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"ir-" / strs { "r" } ;
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"is-" / strs { "s" } ;
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"it-" / strs { "t" } ;
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"ix-" / strs { "x" } ;
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"iż-" / strs { "ż" } ;
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"iz-" / strs { "z" }
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} ;
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}
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