-Grammatical Framework
- A programming language for multilingual grammar applications + + + + + + + + +
+ Grammatical Framework
+A programming language for multilingual grammar applications
Use GF
--
-
- GF Cloud
- - Other Demos -
-
-
- Download GF -
- GF Editor Modes -
Use
+-
+
- GF Cloud +
- Other Demos +
-
-
- User Group -
- Bug Reports - (old) -
Community
+-
+
- User Group +
- Bug Reports + (old) +
Learn
+ +-
+
- GF Shell Reference +
- RGL Library Synopsis +
- The GF Book +
- GF Tutorial +
- Reference Manual +
- QuickStart +
- QuickRefCard +
Other resources
+-
+
- Google Tech Talk +
- Best Practices [PDF] +
- Library Tutorial [PDF] +
Develop
+GF
+ +Applications
+ +Learn GF
- --
-
- The GF Book -
- GF Tutorial -
- Reference Manual -
- Best Practices [PDF] -
-
-
- Library Synopsis -
- Library Tutorial [PDF] -
- Coverage Map -
Develop GF
- -Develop Applications
- -News
- -| 2018-07-25: | The GF repository has been split in two: - gf-core and - gf-rgl. - The original GF repository is now archived. - |
| 2017-08-11: | GF 3.9 released! - Release notes. - |
| 2017-06-29: | GF is moving to GitHub! - |
| 2017-03-13: | GF Summer School in Riga (Latvia), 14-25 August 2017 - Summer - School web page. - |
| 2016-09-07: | Google Tech Talk on GF on Youtube. - |
| 2016-07-05: | GitHub mirror temporarily not updated, due to server migration. - |
| 2016-06-22: | GF 3.8 released! - Release notes. - |
| 2015-06-21: | Summer School in Rule-Based Machine - Translation in Alacant/Alicante (Spain), 11-21 July 2016 - featuring GF, Apertium, Matxin, and TectoMT. - Summer - School web page. - |
| 2016-06-14: | New resource grammar language: Nynorsk. - |
| 2015-10-02: | GF 3.7.1 released! - Release notes. - |
| 2015-06-25: | GF 3.7 released! - Release notes. - |
| 2015-03-13: | New resource grammar language: Mongolian. - See library synopsis. - |
| 2015-02-09: | GF Summer School in Gozo (Malta), 13-24 July 2015 - Summer - School web page. - |
| 2014-06-23: | GF 3.6 released! - Release notes. - |
| 2014-03-11: - | A company for commercial applications of GF has been founded: - Digital Grammars. - |
| 2013-11-25: - | The default character encoding in GF grammar files will be changed - from Latin-1 to UTF-8. See - GF character encoding changes - for details. - |
| 2013-10-18: | New resource grammar language: Estonian. - See library synopsis. - |
| 2013-09-18: | New GF contributions repository, hosted on GitHub. - |
| 2013-08-06: | GF 3.5 released! - Release notes. - |
| 2013-07-26: | Started a page with RGL Documentation and Publications. - |
| 2013-06-24: | We are now running the IRC channel #gf on the Freenode network.
- |
| 2013-06-19: | New resource grammar language: Maltese. - See library synopsis. - |
| 2013-04-25: | New resource grammar language: Greek. - See library synopsis. - |
| 2013-01-31: | GF 3.4 released! - Release notes. - |
| 2012-12-10: | - Resource Grammar Library - coverage map, created by Tommi Nieminen. - - |
What is GF
-+
What is GF?
+GF, Grammatical Framework, is a programming language for -multilingual grammar applications. It is -
--
-
- a special-purpose language for grammars, like
+multilingual grammar applications. It is
+
+
-
+
- a special-purpose language for grammars, like YACC, Bison, Happy, BNFC, but not restricted to programming languages -
- a functional programming language, like +
- a functional programming language, like Haskell, Lisp, OCaml, SML, Scheme, but specialized to grammar writing -
- a development platform for natural language grammars, like +
- a development platform for natural language grammars, like LKB, XLE, Regulus, but based on functional programming and type theory -
- a categorial grammar formalism, like +
- a categorial grammar formalism, like ACG, CCG, but specialized for multilingual grammars, -
- a logical framework, like +
- a logical framework, like Agda, Coq, Isabelle, but equipped with concrete syntax in addition to logic -
- a platform for machine translation, like +
- a platform for machine translation, like Moses, Apertium, but based on deep structural analysis (and usually applied for limited fragments of language). -
+
Don't worry if you don't know most of the references above - but if you do know at least one, it may help you to get a first idea of what GF is. -
-Applications
--GF can be used for building -
--
-
- translation systems -
- multilingual web gadgets -
- natural-language interfaces -
- dialogue systems -
- natural language resources -
Availability
--GF is open-source, licensed under GPL (the program) and -LGPL and BSD (the libraries). It -is available for -
--
-
- Linux -
- Mac OS X -
- Windows -
- Android mobile platform (via Java; runtime) -
- via compilation to JavaScript, almost any platform that has a web browser (runtime) -
Projects
--GF was first created in 1998 at -Xerox Research Centre Europe, -Grenoble, in the project -Multilingual Document Authoring. At Xerox, it was used for prototypes including -a restaurant phrase book, -a database query system, -a formalization of an alarm system instructions with translations to 5 languages, and -an authoring system for medical drug descriptions. -
--Later projects using GF and involving third parties include, in chronological order, -
--
-
- GF-Alfa: - natural language interface to formal proofs -
- Efficient: - authoring tool for business models. -
- GF-KeY: - authoring and translation of software specifications -
- TALK: - multilingual and multimodal spoken dialogue systems -
- WebALT: - multilingual generation of mathematical exercises (commercial project) -
- SALDO: - Swedish morphological dictionary based on rules developed for GF and - Functional Morphology -
- MOLTO: - multilingual online translation -
- REMU: - reliable multilingual digital communication. -
-Here is a talk -about GF at XRCE, -14 years later. - -
-Academically, GF has been used in at least ten PhD theses and resulted -in more than a hundred -scientific publications (see GF publication list). -
-Programming in GF
--GF is easy to learn by following the tutorial. -You can write your first translator in 15 minutes. -
--GF has an interactive command interpreter, as well as a batch compiler. -Grammars can be compiled to parser and translator code in many different -formats. These components can then be embedded in applications written -in other programming languages. The formats currently supported are: -
--
-
- Haskell -
- Java, in particular the Android platform -
- JavaScript -
- Speech recognition: HTK/ATK, Nuance, JSGF -
-The GF programming language is high-level and advanced, featuring -
--
-
- static type checking -
- higher-order functions -
- dependent types -
- pattern matching with data constructors and regular expressions -
- module system with multiple inheritance and parametrized modules -
Getting help
--If you need some help with GF, the first places to start are the Tutorial and Reference pages. -The printed book contains all the material in the tutorial and some extra bits, and is the recommended reference for GF.
-
-We run the IRC channel #gf on the Freenode network, where you are welcome to look for help with small questions or just start a general discussion.
-IRC logs (in raw format) are available here.
-If you have a larger question which the community may benefit from, we recommend you ask it on the mailing list.
-
Libraries
--Libraries are at the heart of modern software engineering. In natural language -applications, libraries are a way to cope with thousands of details involved in -syntax, lexicon, and inflection. The -GF resource grammar library has -support for an increasing number of languages, currently including -
--
-
- Afrikaans -
- Amharic (partial) -
- Arabic (partial) -
- Bulgarian -
- Catalan -
- Chinese -
- Danish -
- Dutch -
- English -
- Estonian -
- Finnish -
- French -
- German -
- Greek ancient (partial) -
- Greek modern -
- Hebrew (fragments) -
- Hindi -
- Interlingua -
- Japanese -
- Italian -
- Latin (fragments) -
- Latvian -
- Maltese -
- Mongolian -
- Nepali -
- Norwegian bokmål -
- Norwegian nynorsk -
- Persian -
- Polish -
- Punjabi -
- Romanian -
- Russian -
- Sindhi -
- Slovene (partial) -
- Spanish -
- Swahili (fragments) -
- Swedish -
- Thai -
- Turkish (fragments) -
- Urdu -
Applications & Availability
++ GF can be used for building + translation systems, + multilingual web gadgets, + natural-language interfaces, + dialogue systems, and + natural language resources. +
--Adding a language to the resource library takes 3 to 9 -months - contributions -are welcome! You can start with the resource grammarian's tutorial. +
+ GF is open-source, licensed under GPL (the program) and + LGPL and BSD (the libraries). It + is available for +
+-
+
- Linux +
- Mac OS X +
- Windows +
- Android mobile platform (via Java; runtime) +
- via compilation to JavaScript, almost any platform that has a web browser (runtime) +
Programming in GF
++ GF is easy to learn by following the tutorial. + You can write your first translator in 15 minutes. +
++ GF has an interactive command interpreter, as well as a batch compiler. + Grammars can be compiled to parser and translator code in many different + formats. These components can then be embedded in applications written + in other programming languages. The formats currently supported are: +
+-
+
- Haskell +
- Java, in particular the Android platform +
- JavaScript +
- Speech recognition: HTK/ATK, Nuance, JSGF +
+ The GF programming language is high-level and advanced, featuring +
+-
+
- static type checking +
- higher-order functions +
- dependent types +
- pattern matching with data constructors and regular expressions +
- module system with multiple inheritance and parametrized modules +
Getting help
++ If you need some help with GF, the first places to start are the Tutorial and Reference pages. + The printed book contains all the material in the tutorial and some extra bits, and is the recommended reference for GF. +
+ +
+ We run the IRC channel #gf on the Freenode network, where you are welcome to look for help with small questions or just start a general discussion.
+ IRC logs (in raw format) are available here.
+ If you have a larger question which the community may benefit from, we recommend you ask it on the mailing list.
+
News
+ +-
+
- 2018-11-28 +
- + GF 18.12 released. + +
- 2018-07-25 +
- + The GF repository has been split in two: + gf-core and + gf-rgl. + The original GF repository is now archived. + +
- 2017-08-11 +
- + GF 3.9 released. + Release notes + +
- 2017-06-29 +
- + GF is moving to GitHub. +
- 2017-03-13 +
- + GF Summer School in Riga (Latvia), 14-25 August 2017 + +
Projects
++ GF was first created in 1998 at + Xerox Research Centre Europe, + Grenoble, in the project + Multilingual Document Authoring. At Xerox, it was used for prototypes including + a restaurant phrase book, + a database query system, + a formalization of an alarm system instructions with translations to 5 languages, and + an authoring system for medical drug descriptions. +
++ Later projects using GF and involving third parties include, in chronological order, +
+-
+
- GF-Alfa: + natural language interface to formal proofs +
- Efficient: + authoring tool for business models. +
- GF-KeY: + authoring and translation of software specifications +
- TALK: + multilingual and multimodal spoken dialogue systems +
- WebALT: + multilingual generation of mathematical exercises (commercial project) +
- SALDO: + Swedish morphological dictionary based on rules developed for GF and + Functional Morphology +
- MOLTO: + multilingual online translation +
- REMU: + reliable multilingual digital communication. +
+ Here is a talk + about GF at XRCE, + 14 years later. + +
+ Academically, GF has been used in at least ten PhD theses and resulted + in more than a hundred + scientific publications (see GF publication list). +
+ +Libraries
++ Libraries are at the heart of modern software engineering. In natural language + applications, libraries are a way to cope with thousands of details involved in + syntax, lexicon, and inflection. The + GF resource grammar library has + support for an increasing number of languages, currently including + Afrikaans, + Amharic (partial), + Arabic (partial), + Bulgarian, + Catalan, + Chinese, + Danish, + Dutch, + English, + Estonian, + Finnish, + French, + German, + Greek ancient (partial), + Greek modern, + Hebrew (fragments), + Hindi, + Interlingua, + Japanese, + Italian, + Latin (fragments), + Latvian, + Maltese, + Mongolian, + Nepali, + Norwegian bokmål, + Norwegian nynorsk, + Persian, + Polish, + Punjabi, + Romanian, + Russian, + Sindhi, + Slovene (partial), + Spanish, + Swahili (fragments), + Swedish, + Thai, + Turkish (fragments), + Urdu +
+ ++ Adding a language to the resource library takes 3 to 9 + months - contributions + are welcome! You can start with the resource grammarian's tutorial. +
+ +