diff --git a/lib/src/abstract/Extra.gf b/lib/src/abstract/Extra.gf
index 4f5bb08e3..fa05b8a89 100644
--- a/lib/src/abstract/Extra.gf
+++ b/lib/src/abstract/Extra.gf
@@ -36,4 +36,11 @@ abstract Extra = Cat ** {
     ConjVPS : Conj -> [VPS] -> VPS ;
     PredVPS : NP -> VPS -> S ;
 
+  -- 9/4/2010
+
+  fun
+    ProDrop : Pron -> Pron ;  -- unstressed subject pronoun becomes []: "(io) sono stanco"
+    ICompAP : AP -> IComp ;   -- "how old"
+    IAdvAdv : Adv -> IAdv ;   -- "how often"
+
 }
diff --git a/lib/src/api/Constructors.gf b/lib/src/api/Constructors.gf
index f26e5e408..f22b85509 100644
--- a/lib/src/api/Constructors.gf
+++ b/lib/src/api/Constructors.gf
@@ -443,6 +443,10 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
 
 -- There are definite and indefinite articles.
 
+    mkQuant : overload { --# notminimal
+      mkQuant : Pron -> Quant ;  -- 1. my --# notminimal
+      } ; --# notminimal
+
       the_Quant : Quant ;   -- the --# notminimal
       a_Quant   : Quant ;   -- a --# notminimal
 
@@ -1125,6 +1129,10 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
         = \p -> DetQuant (PossPron p) ; --# notminimal
       } ;  
 
+    mkQuant = overload { --# notminimal
+      mkQuant : Pron -> Quant = PossPron ;  -- 1. my --# notminimal
+      } ; --# notminimal
+
 
       the_Art : Art = DefArt ;     -- the  
       a_Art   : Art = IndefArt ;   -- a  
diff --git a/lib/src/api/TryEng.gf b/lib/src/api/TryEng.gf
index 823dc212f..7a8aee98c 100644
--- a/lib/src/api/TryEng.gf
+++ b/lib/src/api/TryEng.gf
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 --# -path=.:alltenses:prelude
 
-resource TryEng = SyntaxEng-[mkAdN], LexiconEng, ParadigmsEng - [mkAdv,mkAdN,mkOrd] ** 
+resource TryEng = SyntaxEng-[mkAdN], LexiconEng, ParadigmsEng - [mkAdv,mkAdN,mkOrd,mkQuant] ** 
   open (P = ParadigmsEng) in {
 
 oper
diff --git a/lib/src/danish/DiffDan.gf b/lib/src/danish/DiffDan.gf
index 7b0401e9b..72912ae49 100644
--- a/lib/src/danish/DiffDan.gf
+++ b/lib/src/danish/DiffDan.gf
@@ -76,4 +76,5 @@ instance DiffDan of DiffScand = open CommonScand, Prelude in {
       <_, P3> => "sig"
       } ;
 
+    hur_IAdv = {s = "hvor"} ;
 }
diff --git a/lib/src/english/ExtraEng.gf b/lib/src/english/ExtraEng.gf
index c70154869..984a4d4d4 100644
--- a/lib/src/english/ExtraEng.gf
+++ b/lib/src/english/ExtraEng.gf
@@ -93,4 +93,8 @@ concrete ExtraEng of ExtraEngAbs = CatEng **
 
     ConjVPS = conjunctDistrTable Agr ;
 
+    ICompAP ap = {s = "how" ++ ap.s ! agrP3 Sg} ; ---- IComp should have agr!
+
+    IAdvAdv adv = {s = "how" ++ adv.s} ;
+
 } 
diff --git a/lib/src/english/ExtraEngAbs.gf b/lib/src/english/ExtraEngAbs.gf
index 78e735d9d..19cf48717 100644
--- a/lib/src/english/ExtraEngAbs.gf
+++ b/lib/src/english/ExtraEngAbs.gf
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-abstract ExtraEngAbs = Extra ** {
+abstract ExtraEngAbs = Extra - [ProDrop] ** {
 
 -- uncontracted negations; contracted are the default
   fun
diff --git a/lib/src/finnish/ExtraFin.gf b/lib/src/finnish/ExtraFin.gf
index 381b72104..41645bb0b 100644
--- a/lib/src/finnish/ExtraFin.gf
+++ b/lib/src/finnish/ExtraFin.gf
@@ -75,4 +75,18 @@ concrete ExtraFin of ExtraFinAbs = CatFin **
       s = \\agr => ap.s ! False ! NCase (complNumAgr agr) Part
       } ;
 
+---- copied from VerbFin.CompAP, should be shared
+    ICompAP ap = {
+      s = \\agr => 
+          let
+            n = complNumAgr agr ;
+            c = case n of {
+              Sg => Nom ;  -- minä olen iso ; te olette iso
+              Pl => Part   -- me olemme isoja ; te olette isoja
+              }            --- definiteness of NP ?
+          in "kuinka" ++ ap.s ! False ! (NCase n c)
+      } ;
+
+    IAdvAdv adv = {s = "kuinka" ++ adv.s} ;
+
 } 
diff --git a/lib/src/finnish/ExtraFinAbs.gf b/lib/src/finnish/ExtraFinAbs.gf
index 8459af853..1908edf3d 100644
--- a/lib/src/finnish/ExtraFinAbs.gf
+++ b/lib/src/finnish/ExtraFinAbs.gf
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 abstract ExtraFinAbs = Extra [
   GenNP,VPI,ListVPI,BaseVPI,ConsVPI,MkVPI,ComplVPIVV,ConjVPI,
-  VV,VP,Conj,NP,Quant] ** {
+  VV,VP,Conj,NP,Quant,IAdv,IComp,ICompAP,IAdvAdv,Adv,AP] ** {
 
   fun
     AdvExistNP : Adv -> NP -> Cl ;        -- kuvassa olemme me
diff --git a/lib/src/french/ExtraFreAbs.gf b/lib/src/french/ExtraFreAbs.gf
index 33f518ab7..166987457 100644
--- a/lib/src/french/ExtraFreAbs.gf
+++ b/lib/src/french/ExtraFreAbs.gf
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 -- Structures special for French. These are not implemented in other
 -- Romance languages.
 
-abstract ExtraFreAbs = ExtraRomanceAbs ** {
+abstract ExtraFreAbs = ExtraRomanceAbs - [ProDrop] ** {
 
 -- Notice: only direct (main-clause) questions are generated, and needed.
 
diff --git a/lib/src/german/ExtraGer.gf b/lib/src/german/ExtraGer.gf
index 518fe1713..6e1df9ffe 100644
--- a/lib/src/german/ExtraGer.gf
+++ b/lib/src/german/ExtraGer.gf
@@ -31,4 +31,8 @@ concrete ExtraGer of ExtraGerAbs = CatGer **
 
     moegen_VV = auxVV mögen_V ;
 
+    ICompAP ap = {s = \\_ => "wie" ++ ap.s ! APred} ; 
+
+    IAdvAdv adv = {s = "wie" ++ adv.s} ;
+
 } 
diff --git a/lib/src/german/ExtraGerAbs.gf b/lib/src/german/ExtraGerAbs.gf
index 886b666c3..38fa60ac3 100644
--- a/lib/src/german/ExtraGerAbs.gf
+++ b/lib/src/german/ExtraGerAbs.gf
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 abstract ExtraGerAbs = Extra [
   VPI,ListVPI,BaseVPI,ConsVPI,MkVPI,ComplVPIVV,ConjVPI,
-  VV,VP,Conj] ** {
+  VV,VP,Conj,IAdv,IComp,ICompAP,IAdvAdv,Adv,AP] ** {
 
   fun
     PPzuAdv   : CN -> Adv ;  -- zum Lied, zur Flasche
diff --git a/lib/src/norwegian/DiffNor.gf b/lib/src/norwegian/DiffNor.gf
index b8ccefd70..3ae69f84e 100644
--- a/lib/src/norwegian/DiffNor.gf
+++ b/lib/src/norwegian/DiffNor.gf
@@ -86,4 +86,6 @@ instance DiffNor of DiffScand = open CommonScand, Prelude in {
       <_, P3> => "seg"
       } ;
 
+    hur_IAdv = {s = "hvor"} ;
+
 }
diff --git a/lib/src/romance/ExtraRomance.gf b/lib/src/romance/ExtraRomance.gf
index 18b3cd56e..d4647129a 100644
--- a/lib/src/romance/ExtraRomance.gf
+++ b/lib/src/romance/ExtraRomance.gf
@@ -20,4 +20,15 @@ incomplete concrete ExtraRomance of ExtraRomanceAbs = CatRomance **
     ComplVPIVV v vpi = 
       insertComplement (\\a => prepCase v.c2.c ++ vpi.s) (predV v) ;
 
+    ProDrop p = {
+      s = table {
+        Nom => let pn = p.s ! Nom in {c1 = pn.c1 ; c2 = pn.c2 ; comp = [] ; ton = pn.ton} ; 
+        c => p.s ! c
+        } ;
+      a = p.a ;
+      poss = p.poss ;
+      hasClit = p.hasClit ;
+      isPol = p.isPol
+      } ;
+
 } 
diff --git a/lib/src/romance/ExtraRomanceAbs.gf b/lib/src/romance/ExtraRomanceAbs.gf
index e8a8e7daf..b223e0523 100644
--- a/lib/src/romance/ExtraRomanceAbs.gf
+++ b/lib/src/romance/ExtraRomanceAbs.gf
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 abstract ExtraRomanceAbs = Cat, Extra[
   VPI,ListVPI,BaseVPI,ConsVPI,MkVPI,ComplVPIVV,ConjVPI,
-  VV,VP,Conj] ** {
+  VV,VP,Conj,Pron,ProDrop] ** {
 
   fun 
     TPasseSimple : Tense ; --# notpresent
diff --git a/lib/src/scandinavian/DiffScand.gf b/lib/src/scandinavian/DiffScand.gf
index 7a17732bf..584235b5f 100644
--- a/lib/src/scandinavian/DiffScand.gf
+++ b/lib/src/scandinavian/DiffScand.gf
@@ -61,5 +61,7 @@ interface DiffScand = open CommonScand, Prelude in {
 
     reflPron : Agr -> Str ;
 
+    hur_IAdv : {s : Str} ;
+
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/src/scandinavian/ExtraScand.gf b/lib/src/scandinavian/ExtraScand.gf
index 12c5fbd7d..47b6e2bf3 100644
--- a/lib/src/scandinavian/ExtraScand.gf
+++ b/lib/src/scandinavian/ExtraScand.gf
@@ -80,4 +80,8 @@ incomplete concrete ExtraScand of ExtraScandAbs = CatScand **
       } ;
 
     ConjVPS = conjunctDistrTable2 Order Agr ;
+
+    ICompAP ap = {s = \\a => hur_IAdv.s ++ ap.s ! a} ;
+
+    IAdvAdv adv = {s = hur_IAdv.s ++ adv.s} ;
 } 
diff --git a/lib/src/swedish/DiffSwe.gf b/lib/src/swedish/DiffSwe.gf
index 1ad42006f..f1865e2fb 100644
--- a/lib/src/swedish/DiffSwe.gf
+++ b/lib/src/swedish/DiffSwe.gf
@@ -77,4 +77,5 @@ instance DiffSwe of DiffScand = open CommonScand, Prelude in {
       <_, P3> => "sig"
       } ;
 
+    hur_IAdv = {s = "hur"} ;
 }