diff --git a/lib/src/experimental/NDPred.gf b/lib/src/experimental/NDPred.gf
index f671fe8fa..71f47bce4 100644
--- a/lib/src/experimental/NDPred.gf
+++ b/lib/src/experimental/NDPred.gf
@@ -140,8 +140,11 @@ fun
   UseCN_none : Ant -> Tense -> Pol -> PrCN_none -> PrVP_none ;
   UseCN_np   : Ant -> Tense -> Pol -> PrCN_np   -> PrVP_np ;
 
---<  UseNP     :              Ant -> Tense -> Pol -> NP      -> PrVP aNone ;     -- she is the person
+-- the following are only for aNone
   UseNP_none : Ant -> Tense -> Pol -> NP -> PrVP_none ;
+  UseS_none  : Ant -> Tense -> Pol -> PrCl_none  -> PrVP_none ; -- the fact is that she sleeps
+  UseQ_none  : Ant -> Tense -> Pol -> PrQCl_none -> PrVP_none ; -- the question is who sleeps
+  UseVP_none : Ant -> Tense -> Pol -> PrVPI_none -> PrVP_none ; -- the goal is to sleep
 
 --<  InfVP    : (a : Arg) -> PrVP a -> PrVPI a ;
   InfVP_none : PrVP_none -> PrVPI_none ;
@@ -223,6 +226,28 @@ fun
 --<  AgentPastPartAP : (a : Arg) -> PrV (aNP a) -> NP -> PrAP a ;
   AgentPastPartAP_none : PrV_np -> NP -> PrAP_none ;
 
+-- for aNone only
+  NomVPNP_none   : PrVPI_none -> NP ;   -- translating a document
+
+--<  ByVP      : (a : Arg) -> PrVP a -> PrVPI aNone -> PrVP a ;  -- by translating a document
+  ByVP_none    :      PrVP_none -> PrVPI_none -> PrVP_none ; 
+  
+--<  WhenVP    : (a : Arg) -> PrVP a -> PrVPI aNone -> PrVP a ;  -- when translating a document
+  WhenVP_none    :      PrVP_none -> PrVPI_none -> PrVP_none ; 
+
+--<  BeforeVP  : (a : Arg) -> PrVP a -> PrVPI aNone -> PrVP a ;  -- before translating a document
+  BeforeVP_none    :      PrVP_none -> PrVPI_none -> PrVP_none ; 
+
+--<  AfterVP   : (a : Arg) -> PrVP a -> PrVPI aNone -> PrVP a ;  -- after translating a document
+  AfterVP_none    :      PrVP_none -> PrVPI_none -> PrVP_none ; 
+
+--<  InOrderVP : (a : Arg) -> PrVP a -> PrVPI aNone -> PrVP a ;  -- in order to translate a document
+  InOrderVP_none    :      PrVP_none -> PrVPI_none -> PrVP_none ; 
+
+--<  WithoutVP : (a : Arg) -> PrVP a -> PrVPI aNone -> PrVP a ;  -- without translating a document
+  WithoutVP_none    :      PrVP_none -> PrVPI_none -> PrVP_none ; 
+
+
 -- PrVP coordination
 
 --<  StartVPC : (a : Arg) -> Conj -> PrVP a -> PrVP a  -> VPC a ;
diff --git a/lib/src/experimental/NDPredFunctor.gf b/lib/src/experimental/NDPredFunctor.gf
index 2eb2b8723..05f7b3806 100644
--- a/lib/src/experimental/NDPredFunctor.gf
+++ b/lib/src/experimental/NDPredFunctor.gf
@@ -84,6 +84,12 @@ lin
     = Pred.UseAdv Pred.aNone ;
   UseNP_none
     = Pred.UseNP ;
+  UseS_none
+    = Pred.UseS ;
+  UseQ_none
+    = Pred.UseQ ;
+  UseVP_none
+    = Pred.UseVP ;
 
   ComplV2_none
     = Pred.ComplV2 Pred.aNone ;
@@ -177,6 +183,22 @@ lin
   AgentPastPartAP_none
     = Pred.AgentPastPartAP Pred.aNone ;
 
+  NomVPNP_none
+    = Pred.NomVPNP ;
+
+  ByVP_none
+    = Pred.ByVP Pred.aNone ;
+  WhenVP_none
+    = Pred.WhenVP Pred.aNone ;
+  BeforeVP_none
+    = Pred.BeforeVP Pred.aNone ;
+  AfterVP_none
+    = Pred.AfterVP Pred.aNone ;
+  InOrderVP_none
+    = Pred.InOrderVP Pred.aNone ;
+  WithoutVP_none
+    = Pred.WithoutVP Pred.aNone ;
+
   StartVPC_none, StartVPC_np
     = Pred.StartVPC Pred.aNone ;
   ContVPC_none, ContVPC_np
diff --git a/lib/src/experimental/Pred.gf b/lib/src/experimental/Pred.gf
index 73c285af6..945d747b1 100644
--- a/lib/src/experimental/Pred.gf
+++ b/lib/src/experimental/Pred.gf
@@ -42,10 +42,13 @@ fun
 
   InfVP     : (a : Arg) -> PrVP a -> PrVPI a ;                                -- to love X
 
-  UseAP     : (a : Arg) -> Ant -> Tense -> Pol -> PrAP a  -> PrVP a ;         -- she is married to X
-  UseAdv    : (a : Arg) -> Ant -> Tense -> Pol -> PrAdv a -> PrVP a ;         -- she is in X
-  UseCN     : (a : Arg) -> Ant -> Tense -> Pol -> PrCN a  -> PrVP a ;         -- she is a member of X
-  UseNP     :              Ant -> Tense -> Pol -> NP      -> PrVP aNone ;     -- she is the person
+  UseAP     : (a : Arg) -> Ant -> Tense -> Pol -> PrAP a      -> PrVP a ;     -- she is married to X
+  UseAdv    : (a : Arg) -> Ant -> Tense -> Pol -> PrAdv a     -> PrVP a ;     -- she is in X
+  UseCN     : (a : Arg) -> Ant -> Tense -> Pol -> PrCN a      -> PrVP a ;     -- she is a member of X
+  UseNP     :              Ant -> Tense -> Pol -> NP          -> PrVP aNone ; -- she is the person
+  UseS      :              Ant -> Tense -> Pol -> PrCl aNone  -> PrVP aNone ; -- the fact is that she sleeps
+  UseQ      :              Ant -> Tense -> Pol -> PrQCl aNone -> PrVP aNone ; -- the question is who sleeps
+  UseVP     :              Ant -> Tense -> Pol -> PrVPI aNone -> PrVP aNone ; -- the goal is to sleep
 
   PredVP    : (a : Arg) -> NP -> PrVP a -> PrCl a ;
 
@@ -87,6 +90,17 @@ fun
   PastPartAP      : (a : Arg) -> PrV (aNP a) -> PrAP a ;
   AgentPastPartAP : (a : Arg) -> PrV (aNP a) -> NP -> PrAP a ;
 
+-- nominalization
+  NomVPNP   : PrVPI aNone -> NP ;   -- translating a document
+
+-- other uses of VP's
+  ByVP      : (a : Arg) -> PrVP a -> PrVPI aNone -> PrVP a ;  -- by translating a document
+  WhenVP    : (a : Arg) -> PrVP a -> PrVPI aNone -> PrVP a ;  -- when translating a document
+  BeforeVP  : (a : Arg) -> PrVP a -> PrVPI aNone -> PrVP a ;  -- before translating a document
+  AfterVP   : (a : Arg) -> PrVP a -> PrVPI aNone -> PrVP a ;  -- after translating a document
+  InOrderVP : (a : Arg) -> PrVP a -> PrVPI aNone -> PrVP a ;  -- in order to translate a document
+  WithoutVP : (a : Arg) -> PrVP a -> PrVPI aNone -> PrVP a ;  -- without translating a document
+
 -- PrVP coordination
 
   StartVPC : (a : Arg) -> Conj -> PrVP a -> PrVP a  -> VPC a ;
diff --git a/lib/src/experimental/PredEng.gf b/lib/src/experimental/PredEng.gf
index a0111b735..031b10339 100644
--- a/lib/src/experimental/PredEng.gf
+++ b/lib/src/experimental/PredEng.gf
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ concrete PredEng of Pred =
   with 
       (PredInterface = PredInstanceEng) 
 
-  ** open PredInstanceEng in {
+  ** open PredInstanceEng, (R = ResEng) in {
 
 lin
   QuestIComp a t p icomp np = 
@@ -17,4 +17,17 @@ lin
     qforms = qformsCopula (a.s ++ t.s ++ p.s) t.t a.a p.p vagr ; 
     } ;
 
+  NomVPNP vpi = {
+    s = \\c => vpi.s ! R.VVPresPart ! defaultAgr ;
+    a = defaultAgr
+    } ;
+
+
+  ByVP x vp vpi = vp ** {adv = "by" ++ vpi.s ! R.VVPresPart ! defaultAgr} ; ---- agr
+  WhenVP x vp vpi = vp ** {adv = "when" ++ vpi.s ! R.VVPresPart ! defaultAgr} ; ---- agr
+  BeforeVP x vp vpi = vp ** {adv = "before" ++ vpi.s ! R.VVPresPart ! defaultAgr} ; ---- agr
+  AfterVP x vp vpi = vp ** {adv = "after" ++ vpi.s ! R.VVPresPart ! defaultAgr} ; ---- agr
+  InOrderVP x vp vpi = vp ** {adv = "in order" ++ vpi.s ! R.VVInf ! defaultAgr} ; ---- agr
+  WithoutVP x vp vpi = vp ** {adv = "without" ++ vpi.s ! R.VVPresPart ! defaultAgr} ; ---- agr
+
 }
diff --git a/lib/src/experimental/PredFunctor.gf b/lib/src/experimental/PredFunctor.gf
index ed45a9a03..0157aa6e3 100644
--- a/lib/src/experimental/PredFunctor.gf
+++ b/lib/src/experimental/PredFunctor.gf
@@ -122,6 +122,10 @@ lin
     adj = \\a => np.s ! subjCase ;
     } ;
 
+  UseS  a t p cl = addExtVP (useCopula a t p) (that_Compl ++ declSubordCl cl) ; ---- sentence form
+  UseQ  a t p cl = addExtVP (useCopula a t p) (questSubordCl cl) ; 
+  UseVP a t p vp = addExtVP (useCopula a t p) (vp.s ! vvInfinitive ! defaultAgr) ;
+
   ComplV2 x vp np = vp ** {
     obj1 = <\\a => np.s ! objCase, np.a>  -- np.a for object control 
     } ;
diff --git a/lib/src/experimental/PredInstanceEng.gf b/lib/src/experimental/PredInstanceEng.gf
index bba3c641c..8441fc85f 100644
--- a/lib/src/experimental/PredInstanceEng.gf
+++ b/lib/src/experimental/PredInstanceEng.gf
@@ -142,6 +142,8 @@ oper
     be_Aux s t a p agr ;
   tenseInfCopula : Str -> Anteriority -> Polarity -> VVType -> Str = \s,a,p,vt ->
     tenseInfV s a p Act be_V vt ;
+  tenseImpCopula : Str -> Polarity -> ImpType -> Str = \s,p,n ->
+    imperativeV s p n be_V ;
 
   tenseV : Str -> STense -> Anteriority -> Polarity -> SVoice -> VAgr -> PrVerb -> Str * Str * Str = 
     \sta,t,a,p,o,agr,v -> 
diff --git a/lib/src/experimental/PredInstanceSwe.gf b/lib/src/experimental/PredInstanceSwe.gf
index 61711c144..dfe90f9c4 100644
--- a/lib/src/experimental/PredInstanceSwe.gf
+++ b/lib/src/experimental/PredInstanceSwe.gf
@@ -161,6 +161,8 @@ oper
     \s,t,a,p,_ -> tenseV s t a p CommonScand.Act UUnit (liftV be_V) ;
   tenseInfCopula : Str -> Anteriority -> Polarity -> VVType -> Str =
     \s,a,p,vt -> tenseInfV s a p CommonScand.Act (liftV be_V) vt ;
+  tenseImpCopula : Str -> Polarity -> ImpType -> Str =
+    \s,p,n -> imperativeV s p n (liftV be_V) ;
 
   hava_V : Verb = P.mkV "ha" "har" "ha" "hade" "haft" "havd" ; -- havd not used
   be_V : Verb = P.mkV "vara" "är" "var" "var" "varit" "varen" ; -- varen not used
diff --git a/lib/src/experimental/PredInterface.gf b/lib/src/experimental/PredInterface.gf
index 5e796863f..7df74df3c 100644
--- a/lib/src/experimental/PredInterface.gf
+++ b/lib/src/experimental/PredInterface.gf
@@ -240,6 +240,7 @@ oper
 
   tenseCopula : Str -> STense -> Anteriority -> Polarity -> VAgr -> Str * Str * Str ;
   tenseInfCopula : Str -> Anteriority -> Polarity -> VVType -> Str ;
+  tenseImpCopula : Str -> Polarity -> ImpType -> Str ;
 
   declCl       : PrClause -> Str ;
   declSubordCl : PrClause -> Str ;
@@ -264,6 +265,7 @@ oper
     \a,t,p -> initPrVerbPhrase ** {
     v   = \\agr => tenseCopula (a.s ++ t.s ++ p.s) t.t a.a p.p agr ;
     inf = \\vt => tenseInfCopula a.s a.a p.p vt ;
+    imp = \\n => tenseImpCopula p.s p.p n ;
     adV = negAdV p ;
     qforms = \\agr => qformsCopula (a.s ++ t.s ++ p.s) t.t a.a p.p agr ;
     } ;
diff --git a/lib/src/experimental/PredSwe.gf b/lib/src/experimental/PredSwe.gf
index e7d0b9d0f..ee8000cc0 100644
--- a/lib/src/experimental/PredSwe.gf
+++ b/lib/src/experimental/PredSwe.gf
@@ -28,4 +28,16 @@ lin
     c = objCase
     } ;
 
+  NomVPNP vpi = {
+    s = \\c => "att" ++ vpi.s ! vvInfinitive ! defaultAgr ;
+    a = defaultAgr ** {g = Neutr} ;
+    } ;
+
+  ByVP x vp vpi = vp ** {adv = "genom att" ++ vpi.s ! vvInfinitive ! defaultAgr} ; ---- agr
+  WhenVP x vp vpi = vp ** {adv = "vid att" ++ vpi.s ! vvInfinitive ! defaultAgr} ; ---- agr ----
+  BeforeVP x vp vpi = vp ** {adv = "innan att" ++ vpi.s ! vvInfinitive ! defaultAgr} ; ---- agr ----
+  AfterVP x vp vpi = vp ** {adv = "efter att" ++ vpi.s ! vvInfinitive ! defaultAgr} ; ---- agr
+  InOrderVP x vp vpi = vp ** {adv = "för att" ++ vpi.s ! vvInfinitive ! defaultAgr} ; ---- agr
+  WithoutVP x vp vpi = vp ** {adv = "utan att" ++ vpi.s ! vvInfinitive ! defaultAgr} ; ---- agr
+
 }