1
0
forked from GitHub/gf-core

gfdoc & rem dutch

This commit is contained in:
aarne
2006-01-17 14:28:22 +00:00
parent 25e5edcde6
commit 7b39bb3fe3
31 changed files with 489 additions and 306 deletions

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@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
abstract Basic = Cat ** { abstract Basic = Cat ** {
fun fun
add_V3 : V3 ;
airplane_N : N ; airplane_N : N ;
already_Adv : Adv ;
answer_V2S : V2 ; answer_V2S : V2 ;
apartment_N : N ; apartment_N : N ;
apple_N : N ; apple_N : N ;
@@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ abstract Basic = Cat ** {
die_V : V ; die_V : V ;
dirty_A : A ; dirty_A : A ;
distance_N3 : N3 ; distance_N3 : N3 ;
do_V2 : V2 ;
doctor_N : N ; doctor_N : N ;
dog_N : N ; dog_N : N ;
door_N : N ; door_N : N ;
@@ -93,6 +96,7 @@ abstract Basic = Cat ** {
important_A : A ; important_A : A ;
industry_N : N ; industry_N : N ;
iron_N : N ; iron_N : N ;
jump_V : V ;
king_N : N ; king_N : N ;
know_V2 : V2 ; know_V2 : V2 ;
lake_N : N ; lake_N : N ;
@@ -118,6 +122,8 @@ abstract Basic = Cat ** {
narrow_A : A ; narrow_A : A ;
new_A : A ; new_A : A ;
newspaper_N : N ; newspaper_N : N ;
now_Adv : Adv ;
number_N : N ;
oil_N : N ; oil_N : N ;
old_A : A ; old_A : A ;
open_V2 : V2 ; open_V2 : V2 ;
@@ -131,6 +137,7 @@ abstract Basic = Cat ** {
policeman_N : N ; policeman_N : N ;
priest_N : N ; priest_N : N ;
probable_AS : A ; probable_AS : A ;
put_V2 : V2 ;
queen_N : N ; queen_N : N ;
radio_N : N ; radio_N : N ;
rain_V0 : V ; rain_V0 : V ;
@@ -163,10 +170,12 @@ abstract Basic = Cat ** {
small_A : A ; small_A : A ;
snake_N : N ; snake_N : N ;
sock_N : N ; sock_N : N ;
song_N : N ;
speak_V2 : V2 ; speak_V2 : V2 ;
star_N : N ; star_N : N ;
steel_N : N ; steel_N : N ;
stone_N : N ; stone_N : N ;
stop_V : V ;
stove_N : N ; stove_N : N ;
student_N : N ; student_N : N ;
stupid_A : A ; stupid_A : A ;
@@ -183,7 +192,7 @@ abstract Basic = Cat ** {
train_N : N ; train_N : N ;
travel_V : V ; travel_V : V ;
tree_N : N ; tree_N : N ;
---- trousers_N : N ; ---- trousers_N : N ;
ugly_A : A ; ugly_A : A ;
understand_V2 : V2 ; understand_V2 : V2 ;
university_N : N ; university_N : N ;
@@ -205,14 +214,4 @@ abstract Basic = Cat ** {
yellow_A : A ; yellow_A : A ;
young_A : A ; young_A : A ;
do_V2 : V2 ;
now_Adv : Adv ;
already_Adv : Adv ;
song_N : N ;
add_V3 : V3 ;
number_N : N ;
put_V2 : V2 ;
stop_V : V ;
jump_V : V ;
} }

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@@ -1,18 +1,31 @@
--1 Coordination
-- Coordination is defined for many different categories; here is
-- a sample. The rules apply to *lists* of two or more elements,
-- and define two general patterns:
-- - ordinary conjunction: X,...X and X
-- - distributed conjunction: both X,...,X and X
--
--
abstract Conjunction = Cat ** { abstract Conjunction = Cat ** {
--2 Rules
fun fun
ConjS : Conj -> [S] -> S ; -- "John walks and Mary runs"
ConjAP : Conj -> [AP] -> AP ; -- "even and prime"
ConjNP : Conj -> [NP] -> NP ; -- "John or Mary"
ConjAdv : Conj -> [Adv] -> Adv ; -- "quickly or slowly"
ConjS : Conj -> [S] -> S ; -- "John walks and Mary runs" DConjS : DConj -> [S] -> S ; -- "either John walks or Mary runs"
ConjAP : Conj -> [AP] -> AP ; -- "even and prime" DConjAP : DConj -> [AP] -> AP ; -- "both even and prime"
ConjNP : Conj -> [NP] -> NP ; -- "John or Mary" DConjNP : DConj -> [NP] -> NP ; -- "either John or Mary"
ConjAdv : Conj -> [Adv] -> Adv ; -- "quickly or slowly" DConjAdv : DConj -> [Adv] -> Adv; -- "both badly and slowly"
DConjS : DConj -> [S] -> S ; -- "either John walks or Mary runs" --2 Categories
DConjAP : DConj -> [AP] -> AP ; -- "both even and prime"
DConjNP : DConj -> [NP] -> NP ; -- "either John or Mary"
DConjAdv : DConj -> [Adv] -> Adv ; -- "both badly and slowly"
-- These categories are internal to this module. -- These categories are only used in this module.
cat cat
[S]{2} ; [S]{2} ;
@@ -20,4 +33,11 @@ abstract Conjunction = Cat ** {
[NP]{2} ; [NP]{2} ;
[AP]{2} ; [AP]{2} ;
--2 List constructors
-- The list constructors are derived from the list notation and therefore
-- not given explicitly. But here are their type signatures:
-- BaseC : C -> C -> [C] ; -- for C = S, AP, NP, Adv
-- ConsC : C -> [C] -> [C] ;
} }

View File

@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
--1 Relative clauses and pronouns
abstract Relative = Cat ** { abstract Relative = Cat ** {
fun fun
RelCl : Cl -> RCl ; -- The simplest way to form a relative clause is from a clause by
RelVP : RP -> VP -> RCl ; -- a pronoun similar to "such that".
RelSlash : RP -> Slash -> RCl ;
FunRP : Prep -> NP -> RP -> RP ; RelCl : Cl -> RCl ; -- such that John loves her
IdRP : RP ;
-- The more proper ways are from a verb phrase (formed in [Verb Verb.html])
-- or a sentence with a missing noun phrase (formed in [Sentence Sentence.html]).
RelVP : RP -> VP -> RCl ; -- who loves John
RelSlash : RP -> Slash -> RCl ; -- whom John loves
-- Relative pronouns are formed from an 'identity element' by prefixing
-- or suffixing (depending on language) prepositional phrases.
IdRP : RP ; -- which
FunRP : Prep -> NP -> RP -> RP ; -- all the roots of which
} }

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@@ -15,103 +15,99 @@ abstract Structural = Cat ** {
above_Prep : Prep ; above_Prep : Prep ;
after_Prep : Prep ; after_Prep : Prep ;
-- all8mass_Det : Det ; all_Predet : Predet ;
-- all_NDet : NDet ; almost_AdA : AdA ;
all_Predet : Predet ; -- almost_AdN : AdN ;
almost_AdA : AdA ; -- Adv
almost_AdN : AdN ; --
although_Subj : Subj ; although_Subj : Subj ;
always_AdV : AdV ; -- always_AdV : AdV ;
and_Conj : Conj ; and_Conj : Conj ;
because_Subj : Subj ; because_Subj : Subj ;
before_Prep : Prep ; before_Prep : Prep ;
behind_Prep : Prep ; behind_Prep : Prep ;
between_Prep : Prep ; between_Prep : Prep ;
both7and_DConj : DConj ; -- ConjD both7and_DConj : DConj ;
but_PConj : PConj ; -- but_PConj : PConj ;
by8agent_Prep : Prep ; by8agent_Prep : Prep ;
by8means_Prep : Prep ; by8means_Prep : Prep ;
can8know_VV : VV ; can8know_VV : VV ;
can_VV : VV ; can_VV : VV ;
during_Prep : Prep ; during_Prep : Prep ;
either7or_DConj : DConj ; -- ConjD either7or_DConj : DConj ;
every_Det : Det ; every_Det : Det ;
everybody_NP : NP ; everybody_NP : NP ;
everything_NP : NP ; everything_NP : NP ;
everywhere_Adv : Adv ; everywhere_Adv : Adv ;
first_Ord : Ord ; first_Ord : Ord ;
from_Prep : Prep ; from_Prep : Prep ;
he_Pron : Pron ; -- NP he_Pron : Pron ;
here_Adv : Adv ; -- here_Adv : Adv ;
here7to_Adv : Adv ; here7to_Adv : Adv ;
here7from_Adv : Adv ; here7from_Adv : Adv ;
how_IAdv : IAdv ; how_IAdv : IAdv ;
how8many_IDet : IDet ; how8many_IDet : IDet ;
i_Pron : Pron ; -- NP i_Pron : Pron ;
if_Subj : Subj ; if_Subj : Subj ;
in8front_Prep : Prep ; in8front_Prep : Prep ;
in_Prep : Prep ; in_Prep : Prep ;
it_Pron : Pron ; it_Pron : Pron ;
less_CAdv : CAdv ; -- less_CAdv : CAdv ;
many_Det : Det ; many_Det : Det ;
more_CAdv : CAdv ; -- more_CAdv : CAdv ;
most_Predet : Predet ; -- Det most_Predet : Predet ;
-- most8many_Det : Det ;
much_Det : Det ; much_Det : Det ;
must_VV : VV ; must_VV : VV ;
no_Phr : Phr ; no_Phr : Phr ;
on_Prep : Prep ; on_Prep : Prep ;
one_Quant : QuantSg ; one_Quant : QuantSg ;
only_Predet : Predet ; -- only_Predet : Predet ;
or_Conj : Conj ; or_Conj : Conj ;
otherwise_PConj : PConj ; -- AdC otherwise_PConj : PConj ;
part_Prep : Prep ; part_Prep : Prep ;
please_Voc : Voc ; please_Voc : Voc ;
possess_Prep : Prep ; possess_Prep : Prep ;
quite_Adv : AdA ; quite_Adv : AdA ;
she_Pron : Pron ; she_Pron : Pron ;
so_AdA : AdA ; -- Adv so_AdA : AdA ;
someSg_Det : Det ; -- some_Det someSg_Det : Det ;
somePl_Det : Det ; -- NDet somePl_Det : Det ;
somebody_NP : NP ; somebody_NP : NP ;
something_NP : NP ; something_NP : NP ;
somewhere_Adv : Adv ; somewhere_Adv : Adv ;
that_Quant : QuantSg ; -- Det that_Quant : QuantSg ;
that_NP : NP ; that_NP : NP ;
there_Adv : Adv ; -- there_Adv : Adv ;
there7to_Adv : Adv ; -- there7to_Adv : Adv ;
there7from_Adv : Adv ; -- there7from_Adv : Adv ;
therefore_PConj : PConj ; -- AdC therefore_PConj : PConj ;
these_NP : NP ; -- these_NP : NP ;
these_Quant : QuantPl ; -- NDet these_Quant : QuantPl ;
-- they8fem_NP : NP ; they_Pron : Pron ;
they_Pron : Pron ; -- NP this_Quant : QuantSg ;
this_Quant : QuantSg ; -- NDet
this_NP : NP ; this_NP : NP ;
those_NP : NP ; -- those_NP : NP ;
those_Quant : QuantPl ; -- NDet those_Quant : QuantPl ;
thou_Pron : Pron ; -- NP thou_Pron : Pron ;
through_Prep : Prep ; through_Prep : Prep ;
to_Prep : Prep ; to_Prep : Prep ;
too_AdA : AdA ; -- Adv too_AdA : AdA ;
under_Prep : Prep ; under_Prep : Prep ;
very_AdA : AdA ; -- Adv very_AdA : AdA ;
want_VV : VV ; want_VV : VV ;
we_Pron : Pron ; -- NP we_Pron : Pron ;
whatPl_IP : IP ; -- many whatPl_IP : IP ;
whatSg_IP : IP ; -- one whatSg_IP : IP ;
when_IAdv : IAdv ; when_IAdv : IAdv ;
when_Subj : Subj ; when_Subj : Subj ;
where_IAdv : IAdv ; where_IAdv : IAdv ;
whichPl_IDet : IDet ; -- many whichPl_IDet : IDet ;
whichSg_IDet : IDet ; -- one whichSg_IDet : IDet ;
whoPl_IP : IP ; -- many whoPl_IP : IP ;
whoSg_IP : IP ; -- one whoSg_IP : IP ;
why_IAdv : IAdv ; why_IAdv : IAdv ;
with_Prep : Prep ; with_Prep : Prep ;
without_Prep : Prep ; without_Prep : Prep ;
ye_Pron : Pron ; -- NP ye_Pron : Pron ;
yes_Phr : Phr ; yes_Phr : Phr ;
you_Pron : Pron ; -- NP you_Pron : Pron ;
} }

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@@ -6,13 +6,17 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black"> </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Adjectives and adjectival phrases</H1> <P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Adjectives and adjectival phrases</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4"> <FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:49 2006</I><BR> <I>Author: </I><BR>
% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file. Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:33 2006
</FONT></CENTER> </FONT></CENTER>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Adjectives and adjectival phrases</A>
</UL>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
@@ -21,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>Adjectives and adjectival phrases</H1>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Adjective = Cat ** { abstract Adjective = Cat ** {
@@ -65,6 +71,6 @@ by <A HREF="Adverb.html">Adverb</A>.
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) --> <!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Adjective.txt --> <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Adjective.txt -->
</BODY></HTML> </BODY></HTML>

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@@ -6,13 +6,17 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black"> </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Adverbs and adverbial phrases</H1> <P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Adverbs and adverbial phrases</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4"> <FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:49 2006</I><BR> <I>Author: </I><BR>
% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file. Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:33 2006
</FONT></CENTER> </FONT></CENTER>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Adverbs and adverbial phrases</A>
</UL>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
@@ -21,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>Adverbs and adverbial phrases</H1>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Adverb = Cat ** { abstract Adverb = Cat ** {
@@ -70,6 +76,6 @@ Comparison adverbs also work as numeral adverbs.
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) --> <!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Adverb.txt --> <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Adverb.txt -->
</BODY></HTML> </BODY></HTML>

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@@ -13,17 +13,23 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P> <P>
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:49 2006 Author:
Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:33 2006
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
Produced by Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Basic = Cat ** { abstract Basic = Cat ** {
fun fun
add_V3 : V3 ;
airplane_N : N ; airplane_N : N ;
already_Adv : Adv ;
answer_V2S : V2 ; answer_V2S : V2 ;
apartment_N : N ; apartment_N : N ;
apple_N : N ; apple_N : N ;
@@ -77,6 +83,7 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
die_V : V ; die_V : V ;
dirty_A : A ; dirty_A : A ;
distance_N3 : N3 ; distance_N3 : N3 ;
do_V2 : V2 ;
doctor_N : N ; doctor_N : N ;
dog_N : N ; dog_N : N ;
door_N : N ; door_N : N ;
@@ -116,6 +123,7 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
important_A : A ; important_A : A ;
industry_N : N ; industry_N : N ;
iron_N : N ; iron_N : N ;
jump_V : V ;
king_N : N ; king_N : N ;
know_V2 : V2 ; know_V2 : V2 ;
lake_N : N ; lake_N : N ;
@@ -141,6 +149,8 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
narrow_A : A ; narrow_A : A ;
new_A : A ; new_A : A ;
newspaper_N : N ; newspaper_N : N ;
now_Adv : Adv ;
number_N : N ;
oil_N : N ; oil_N : N ;
old_A : A ; old_A : A ;
open_V2 : V2 ; open_V2 : V2 ;
@@ -154,6 +164,7 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
policeman_N : N ; policeman_N : N ;
priest_N : N ; priest_N : N ;
probable_AS : A ; probable_AS : A ;
put_V2 : V2 ;
queen_N : N ; queen_N : N ;
radio_N : N ; radio_N : N ;
rain_V0 : V ; rain_V0 : V ;
@@ -186,10 +197,12 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
small_A : A ; small_A : A ;
snake_N : N ; snake_N : N ;
sock_N : N ; sock_N : N ;
song_N : N ;
speak_V2 : V2 ; speak_V2 : V2 ;
star_N : N ; star_N : N ;
steel_N : N ; steel_N : N ;
stone_N : N ; stone_N : N ;
stop_V : V ;
stove_N : N ; stove_N : N ;
student_N : N ; student_N : N ;
stupid_A : A ; stupid_A : A ;
@@ -206,12 +219,7 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
train_N : N ; train_N : N ;
travel_V : V ; travel_V : V ;
tree_N : N ; tree_N : N ;
</PRE> ---- trousers_N : N ;
<P></P>
<P>
-- trousers_N : N ;
</P>
<PRE>
ugly_A : A ; ugly_A : A ;
understand_V2 : V2 ; understand_V2 : V2 ;
university_N : N ; university_N : N ;
@@ -233,20 +241,10 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
yellow_A : A ; yellow_A : A ;
young_A : A ; young_A : A ;
do_V2 : V2 ;
now_Adv : Adv ;
already_Adv : Adv ;
song_N : N ;
add_V3 : V3 ;
number_N : N ;
put_V2 : V2 ;
stop_V : V ;
jump_V : V ;
} }
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) --> <!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Basic.txt --> <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Basic.txt -->
</BODY></HTML> </BODY></HTML>

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@@ -6,27 +6,30 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black"> </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The category system</H1> <P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The category system</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4"> <FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:49 2006</I><BR> <I>Author: </I><BR>
% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file. Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:33 2006
</FONT></CENTER> </FONT></CENTER>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">The category system</A>
<UL> <UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Top-level units</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc2">Top-level units</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Tensed sentences</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc3">Tensed sentences</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Clauses</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc4">Clauses</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Questions and interrogatives</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc5">Questions and interrogatives</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relative clauses and pronouns</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc6">Relative clauses and pronouns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Verb phrases</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc7">Verb phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectival phrases</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc8">Adjectival phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Nouns and noun phrases</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc9">Nouns and noun phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc10">Adverbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Numerals</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc11">Numerals</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Structural words</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc12">Structural words</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Words of open classes</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc13">Words of open classes</A>
</UL> </UL>
</UL>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
@@ -36,13 +39,15 @@ Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>The category system</H1>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Cat = { abstract Cat = {
cat cat
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A> <A NAME="toc2"></A>
<H2>Top-level units</H2> <H2>Top-level units</H2>
<P> <P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Phrase.html">Phrase</A>. Constructed in <A HREF="Phrase.html">Phrase</A>.
@@ -54,7 +59,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Phrase.html">Phrase</A>.
Voc ; -- vocative or "please" e.g. "my darling" Voc ; -- vocative or "please" e.g. "my darling"
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc2"></A> <A NAME="toc3"></A>
<H2>Tensed sentences</H2> <H2>Tensed sentences</H2>
<P> <P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Tensed.html">Tensed</A>. Constructed in <A HREF="Tensed.html">Tensed</A>.
@@ -66,7 +71,7 @@ A simplified variant, with just present forms, is <A HREF="Untensed.html">Untens
RS ; -- relative e.g. "in which she lived" RS ; -- relative e.g. "in which she lived"
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc3"></A> <A NAME="toc4"></A>
<H2>Clauses</H2> <H2>Clauses</H2>
<P> <P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Sentence.html">Sentence</A>. Constructed in <A HREF="Sentence.html">Sentence</A>.
@@ -78,7 +83,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Sentence.html">Sentence</A>.
SC ; -- embedded sentence or question e.g. "that it rains" SC ; -- embedded sentence or question e.g. "that it rains"
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc4"></A> <A NAME="toc5"></A>
<H2>Questions and interrogatives</H2> <H2>Questions and interrogatives</H2>
<P> <P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Question.html">Question</A>. Constructed in <A HREF="Question.html">Question</A>.
@@ -90,7 +95,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Question.html">Question</A>.
IDet ; -- interrogative determiner e.g. "which" IDet ; -- interrogative determiner e.g. "which"
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc5"></A> <A NAME="toc6"></A>
<H2>Relative clauses and pronouns</H2> <H2>Relative clauses and pronouns</H2>
<P> <P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Relative.html">Relative</A>. Constructed in <A HREF="Relative.html">Relative</A>.
@@ -100,7 +105,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Relative.html">Relative</A>.
RP ; -- relative pronoun e.g. "in which" RP ; -- relative pronoun e.g. "in which"
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc6"></A> <A NAME="toc7"></A>
<H2>Verb phrases</H2> <H2>Verb phrases</H2>
<P> <P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Verb.html">Verb</A>. Constructed in <A HREF="Verb.html">Verb</A>.
@@ -110,7 +115,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Verb.html">Verb</A>.
Comp ; -- complement of copula, such as AP e.g. "very warm" Comp ; -- complement of copula, such as AP e.g. "very warm"
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc7"></A> <A NAME="toc8"></A>
<H2>Adjectival phrases</H2> <H2>Adjectival phrases</H2>
<P> <P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Adjective.html">Adjective</A>. Constructed in <A HREF="Adjective.html">Adjective</A>.
@@ -119,7 +124,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Adjective.html">Adjective</A>.
AP ; -- adjectival phrase e.g. "very warm" AP ; -- adjectival phrase e.g. "very warm"
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc8"></A> <A NAME="toc9"></A>
<H2>Nouns and noun phrases</H2> <H2>Nouns and noun phrases</H2>
<P> <P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Noun.html">Noun</A>. Constructed in <A HREF="Noun.html">Noun</A>.
@@ -145,7 +150,7 @@ as defined in <A HREF="Noun.html">Noun</A>.
Ord ; -- ordinal number (used in Det) e.g. "seventh" Ord ; -- ordinal number (used in Det) e.g. "seventh"
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc9"></A> <A NAME="toc10"></A>
<H2>Adverbs</H2> <H2>Adverbs</H2>
<P> <P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Adverb.html">Adverb</A>. Constructed in <A HREF="Adverb.html">Adverb</A>.
@@ -158,7 +163,7 @@ Many adverbs are constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
AdN ; -- numeral-modifying adverb, e.g. "more than" AdN ; -- numeral-modifying adverb, e.g. "more than"
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc10"></A> <A NAME="toc11"></A>
<H2>Numerals</H2> <H2>Numerals</H2>
<P> <P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Numeral.html">Numeral</A>. Constructed in <A HREF="Numeral.html">Numeral</A>.
@@ -167,7 +172,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Numeral.html">Numeral</A>.
Numeral;-- cardinal or ordinal, e.g. "five/fifth" Numeral;-- cardinal or ordinal, e.g. "five/fifth"
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc11"></A> <A NAME="toc12"></A>
<H2>Structural words</H2> <H2>Structural words</H2>
<P> <P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>. Constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
@@ -181,7 +186,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
Prep ; -- preposition, or just case e.g. "in" Prep ; -- preposition, or just case e.g. "in"
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc12"></A> <A NAME="toc13"></A>
<H2>Words of open classes</H2> <H2>Words of open classes</H2>
<P> <P>
These are constructed in <A HREF="Basic.html">Basic</A> and in additional lexicon modules. These are constructed in <A HREF="Basic.html">Basic</A> and in additional lexicon modules.
@@ -208,6 +213,6 @@ These are constructed in <A HREF="Basic.html">Basic</A> and in additional lexico
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
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<HTML> <HTML>
<HEAD> <HEAD>
<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net"> <META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
<TITLE> Coordination</TITLE>
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black"> </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Coordination</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4"> <FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:34 2006
</FONT></CENTER> </FONT></CENTER>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Coordination</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Rules</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Categories</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">List constructors</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P> <P>
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:49 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>Coordination</H1>
<P>
Coordination is defined for many different categories; here is
a sample. The rules apply to <B>lists</B> of two or more elements,
and define two general patterns:
</P>
<UL>
<LI>ordinary conjunction: X,...X and X
<LI>distributed conjunction: both X,...,X and X
</UL>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Conjunction = Cat ** { abstract Conjunction = Cat ** {
fun
ConjS : Conj -&gt; [S] -&gt; S ; -- "John walks and Mary runs"
ConjAP : Conj -&gt; [AP] -&gt; AP ; -- "even and prime"
ConjNP : Conj -&gt; [NP] -&gt; NP ; -- "John or Mary"
ConjAdv : Conj -&gt; [Adv] -&gt; Adv ; -- "quickly or slowly"
DConjS : DConj -&gt; [S] -&gt; S ; -- "either John walks or Mary runs"
DConjAP : DConj -&gt; [AP] -&gt; AP ; -- "both even and prime"
DConjNP : DConj -&gt; [NP] -&gt; NP ; -- "either John or Mary"
DConjAdv : DConj -&gt; [Adv] -&gt; Adv ; -- "both badly and slowly"
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
<H2>Rules</H2>
<PRE>
fun
ConjS : Conj -&gt; [S] -&gt; S ; -- "John walks and Mary runs"
ConjAP : Conj -&gt; [AP] -&gt; AP ; -- "even and prime"
ConjNP : Conj -&gt; [NP] -&gt; NP ; -- "John or Mary"
ConjAdv : Conj -&gt; [Adv] -&gt; Adv ; -- "quickly or slowly"
DConjS : DConj -&gt; [S] -&gt; S ; -- "either John walks or Mary runs"
DConjAP : DConj -&gt; [AP] -&gt; AP ; -- "both even and prime"
DConjNP : DConj -&gt; [NP] -&gt; NP ; -- "either John or Mary"
DConjAdv : DConj -&gt; [Adv] -&gt; Adv; -- "both badly and slowly"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
<H2>Categories</H2>
<P> <P>
These categories are internal to this module. These categories are only used in this module.
</P> </P>
<PRE> <PRE>
cat cat
@@ -45,11 +72,21 @@ These categories are internal to this module.
[Adv]{2} ; [Adv]{2} ;
[NP]{2} ; [NP]{2} ;
[AP]{2} ; [AP]{2} ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<H2>List constructors</H2>
<P>
The list constructors are derived from the list notation and therefore
not given explicitly. But here are their type signatures:
</P>
<PRE>
-- BaseC : C -&gt; C -&gt; [C] ; -- for C = S, AP, NP, Adv
-- ConsC : C -&gt; [C] -&gt; [C] ;
} }
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
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@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P> <P>
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:50 2006 Author:
Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:34 2006
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
Produced by Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Lang = abstract Lang =
Noun, Noun,
@@ -39,6 +43,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
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@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P> <P>
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:50 2006 Author:
Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:34 2006
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
Produced by Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Lex = Cat ** { abstract Lex = Cat ** {
@@ -80,6 +84,6 @@ structural
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) --> <!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
<P></P> <P></P>
<P> <P>
Author: Author:
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006 Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:34 2006
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
Produced by Produced by

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@@ -18,13 +18,17 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P> <P>
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:50 2006 Author:
Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:34 2006
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
Produced by Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Math = Cat ** { abstract Math = Cat ** {
</PRE> </PRE>
@@ -59,6 +63,6 @@ This produces <I>x, y and z</I>, in English.
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
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@@ -6,18 +6,21 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black"> </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The construction of nouns, noun phrases, and determiners</H1> <P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The construction of nouns, noun phrases, and determiners</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4"> <FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:50 2006</I><BR> <I>Author: </I><BR>
% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file. Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:34 2006
</FONT></CENTER> </FONT></CENTER>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">The construction of nouns, noun phrases, and determiners</A>
<UL> <UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Noun phrases</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc2">Noun phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Determiners</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc3">Determiners</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Common nouns</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc4">Common nouns</A>
</UL> </UL>
</UL>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
@@ -27,11 +30,13 @@ Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>The construction of nouns, noun phrases, and determiners</H1>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Noun = Cat ** { abstract Noun = Cat ** {
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A> <A NAME="toc2"></A>
<H2>Noun phrases</H2> <H2>Noun phrases</H2>
<P> <P>
The three main types of noun phrases are The three main types of noun phrases are
@@ -57,7 +62,7 @@ A noun phrase already formed can be modified by a Predeterminer.
PredetNP : Predet -&gt; NP -&gt; NP; -- only the man PredetNP : Predet -&gt; NP -&gt; NP; -- only the man
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc2"></A> <A NAME="toc3"></A>
<H2>Determiners</H2> <H2>Determiners</H2>
<P> <P>
The determiner has a fine-grained structure, in which a 'nucleus' The determiner has a fine-grained structure, in which a 'nucleus'
@@ -146,7 +151,7 @@ in semantically odd expressions.
<P> <P>
Other determiners are defined in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>. Other determiners are defined in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
</P> </P>
<A NAME="toc3"></A> <A NAME="toc4"></A>
<H2>Common nouns</H2> <H2>Common nouns</H2>
<P> <P>
Simple nouns can be used as nouns outright. Simple nouns can be used as nouns outright.
@@ -192,6 +197,6 @@ to decide. Sentential complements are defined in <A HREF="Verb.html">Verb</A>.
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
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<HTML> <HTML>
<HEAD> <HEAD>
<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net"> <META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
<TITLE> Numerals</TITLE>
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black"> </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Numerals</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4"> <FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:34 2006
</FONT></CENTER> </FONT></CENTER>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Numerals</A>
</UL>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P> <P>
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:51 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>Numerals</H1>
<P> <P>
numerals from 1 to 999999 in decimal notation This grammar defines numerals from 1 to 999999.
The implementations are adapted from the
<A HREF="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/examples/numerals/">numerals library</A>
which defines numerals for 88 languages.
The resource grammar implementations add to this inflection (if needed)
and ordinal numbers.
<B>Note</B>. Number 1 as defined
in the category <CODE>Numeral</CODE> here should not be used in the formation of
noun phrases, and should therefore be removed. Instead, one should use
<A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A><CODE>.one_Quant</CODE>. This makes the grammar simpler
because we can assume that numbers form plural noun phrases.
</P> </P>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Numeral = Cat ** { abstract Numeral = Cat ** {
@@ -52,10 +69,11 @@ numerals from 1 to 999999 in decimal notation
pot2as3 : Sub1000 -&gt; Sub1000000 ; -- coercion of 1..999 pot2as3 : Sub1000 -&gt; Sub1000000 ; -- coercion of 1..999
pot3 : Sub1000 -&gt; Sub1000000 ; -- m * 1000 pot3 : Sub1000 -&gt; Sub1000000 ; -- m * 1000
pot3plus : Sub1000 -&gt; Sub1000 -&gt; Sub1000000 ; -- m * 1000 + n pot3plus : Sub1000 -&gt; Sub1000 -&gt; Sub1000000 ; -- m * 1000 + n
} }
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
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<P></P> <P></P>
<P> <P>
Author: Author:
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:54 2006 Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:36 2006
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
Produced by Produced by

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@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P> <P>
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:53 2006 Author:
Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:36 2006
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
Produced by Produced by
@@ -50,6 +51,9 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
==
</P>
<P>
# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude # -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude
</P> </P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A> <A NAME="toc1"></A>
@@ -460,6 +464,6 @@ The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
hidden from the document. hidden from the document.
</P> </P>
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@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Prepositions</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc6">Prepositions</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Verbs</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc7">Verbs</A>
<UL> <UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Three-place verbs</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc8">Two-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Other complement patterns</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc9">Three-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Other complement patterns</A>
</UL> </UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Definitions of paradigms</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc11">Definitions of paradigms</A>
</UL> </UL>
</UL> </UL>
@@ -32,7 +33,8 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P> <P>
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:53 2006 Author:
Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:36 2006
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
Produced by Produced by
@@ -40,6 +42,9 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
==
</P>
<P>
# -path=.:../common:../abstract:../../prelude # -path=.:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
</P> </P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A> <A NAME="toc1"></A>
@@ -246,46 +251,59 @@ The worst-case constructor needs six forms:
<LI>1/3p sg imperfect indicative, <LI>1/3p sg imperfect indicative,
<LI>1/3p sg imperfect subjunctive (because this uncommon form can have umlaut) <LI>1/3p sg imperfect subjunctive (because this uncommon form can have umlaut)
<LI>the perfect participle <LI>the perfect participle
</UL>
<PRE> <PRE>
mkV : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -&gt; V ; -- geben, gibt, gib, gab, gäbe, gegeben mkV : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -&gt; V ; -- geben, gibt, gib, gab, gäbe, gegeben
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P>
Weak verbs are sometimes called regular verbs. Weak verbs are sometimes called regular verbs.
</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
regV : Str -&gt; V ; -- führen regV : Str -&gt; V ; -- führen
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P>
Irregular verbs use Ablaut and, in the worst cases, also Umlaut. Irregular verbs use Ablaut and, in the worst cases, also Umlaut.
</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
irregV : (x1,_,_,_,x5 : Str) -&gt; V ; -- sehen, sieht, sah, sähe, gesehen irregV : (x1,_,_,_,x5 : Str) -&gt; V ; -- sehen, sieht, sah, sähe, gesehen
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P>
To remove the past participle prefix <I>ge</I>, e.g. for the verbs To remove the past participle prefix <I>ge</I>, e.g. for the verbs
prefixed by <I>be-, ver-</I>. prefixed by <I>be-, ver-</I>.
</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
no_geV : V -&gt; V ; no_geV : V -&gt; V ;
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P>
To add a movable suffix e.g. <I>auf(fassen)</I>. To add a movable suffix e.g. <I>auf(fassen)</I>.
</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
prefixV : Str -&gt; V -&gt; V ; prefixV : Str -&gt; V -&gt; V ;
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P>
To change the auxiliary from <I>haben</I> (default) to <I>sein</I> and To change the auxiliary from <I>haben</I> (default) to <I>sein</I> and
vice-versa. vice-versa.
</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
seinV : V -&gt; V ; seinV : V -&gt; V ;
habenV : V -&gt; V ; habenV : V -&gt; V ;
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P>
Reflexive verbs can take reflexive pronouns of different cases. Reflexive verbs can take reflexive pronouns of different cases.
</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
reflV : V -&gt; Case -&gt; V ; reflV : V -&gt; Case -&gt; V ;
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
=== Two-place verbs=== <A NAME="toc8"></A>
</UL> <H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
<P> <P>
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object
(accusative, transitive verbs). There is also a case for dative objects. (accusative, transitive verbs). There is also a case for dative objects.
@@ -297,7 +315,7 @@ Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object
datV2 : V -&gt; V2 ; datV2 : V -&gt; V2 ;
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc8"></A> <A NAME="toc9"></A>
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3> <H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
<P> <P>
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
@@ -309,7 +327,7 @@ the first one or both can be absent.
accdatV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,_ accdatV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,_
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc9"></A> <A NAME="toc10"></A>
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3> <H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
<P> <P>
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences, Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
@@ -343,13 +361,13 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ; AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc10"></A> <A NAME="toc11"></A>
<H2>Definitions of paradigms</H2> <H2>Definitions of paradigms</H2>
<P> <P>
The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
hidden from the document. hidden from the document.
</P> </P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) --> <!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc german/ParadigmsGer.txt --> <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc german/ParadigmsGer.txt -->
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@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P> <P>
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:53 2006 Author:
Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:37 2006
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
Produced by Produced by
@@ -50,6 +51,9 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
==
</P>
<P>
# -path=.:../scandinavian:../common:../abstract:../../prelude # -path=.:../scandinavian:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
</P> </P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A> <A NAME="toc1"></A>
@@ -288,21 +292,6 @@ Sometimes just the positive forms are irregular.
mk2ADeg : (bred,brett : Str) -&gt; ADeg ; mk2ADeg : (bred,brett : Str) -&gt; ADeg ;
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P>
If comparison is formed by <I>more, //most</I>, as in general for//
long adjective, the following pattern is used:
</P>
<PRE>
compoundADeg : A -&gt; ADeg ; -- -/more/most ridiculous
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
From a given <CODE>ADeg</CODE>, it is possible to get back to <CODE>A</CODE>.
</P>
<PRE>
adegA : ADeg -&gt; A ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc10"></A> <A NAME="toc10"></A>
<H2>Adverbs</H2> <H2>Adverbs</H2>
<P> <P>
@@ -452,6 +441,6 @@ The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
hidden from the document. hidden from the document.
</P> </P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) --> <!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc swedish/ParadigmsSwe.txt --> <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc swedish/ParadigmsSwe.txt -->
</BODY></HTML> </BODY></HTML>

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@@ -6,13 +6,17 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black"> </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Phrases and utterances</H1> <P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Phrases and utterances</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4"> <FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:51 2006</I><BR> <I>Author: </I><BR>
% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file. Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:35 2006
</FONT></CENTER> </FONT></CENTER>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Phrases and utterances</A>
</UL>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
@@ -21,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>Phrases and utterances</H1>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Phrase = Cat, Tense ** { abstract Phrase = Cat, Tense ** {
</PRE> </PRE>
@@ -81,6 +87,6 @@ which may be overgenerating (e.g. <I>I</I>).
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) --> <!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Phrase.txt --> <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Phrase.txt -->
</BODY></HTML> </BODY></HTML>

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@@ -6,13 +6,17 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black"> </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Questions and interrogative pronouns</H1> <P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Questions and interrogative pronouns</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4"> <FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:51 2006</I><BR> <I>Author: </I><BR>
% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file. Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:35 2006
</FONT></CENTER> </FONT></CENTER>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Questions and interrogative pronouns</A>
</UL>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
@@ -21,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>Questions and interrogative pronouns</H1>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Question = Cat ** { abstract Question = Cat ** {
</PRE> </PRE>
@@ -57,6 +63,6 @@ More <CODE>IP</CODE>, <CODE>IDet</CODE>, and <CODE>IAdv</CODE> are defined in
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) --> <!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Question.txt --> <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Question.txt -->
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@@ -2,40 +2,66 @@
<HTML> <HTML>
<HEAD> <HEAD>
<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net"> <META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
<TITLE> Relative clauses and pronouns</TITLE>
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black"> </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Relative clauses and pronouns</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4"> <FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:35 2006
</FONT></CENTER> </FONT></CENTER>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Relative clauses and pronouns</A>
</UL>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P> <P>
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:51 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>Relative clauses and pronouns</H1>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Relative = Cat ** { abstract Relative = Cat ** {
fun fun
</PRE>
RelCl : Cl -&gt; RCl ; <P></P>
RelVP : RP -&gt; VP -&gt; RCl ; <P>
RelSlash : RP -&gt; Slash -&gt; RCl ; The simplest way to form a relative clause is from a clause by
a pronoun similar to <I>such that</I>.
FunRP : Prep -&gt; NP -&gt; RP -&gt; RP ; </P>
IdRP : RP ; <PRE>
RelCl : Cl -&gt; RCl ; -- such that John loves her
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
The more proper ways are from a verb phrase (formed in <A HREF="Verb.html">Verb</A>)
or a sentence with a missing noun phrase (formed in <A HREF="Sentence.html">Sentence</A>).
</P>
<PRE>
RelVP : RP -&gt; VP -&gt; RCl ; -- who loves John
RelSlash : RP -&gt; Slash -&gt; RCl ; -- whom John loves
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
Relative pronouns are formed from an 'identity element' by prefixing
or suffixing (depending on language) prepositional phrases.
</P>
<PRE>
IdRP : RP ; -- which
FunRP : Prep -&gt; NP -&gt; RP -&gt; RP ; -- all the roots of which
} }
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) --> <!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Relative.txt --> <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Relative.txt -->
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@@ -6,19 +6,22 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black"> </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</H1> <P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4"> <FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:51 2006</I><BR> <I>Author: </I><BR>
% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file. Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:35 2006
</FONT></CENTER> </FONT></CENTER>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</A>
<UL> <UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Clauses</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc2">Clauses</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Clauses missing object noun phrases</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc3">Clauses missing object noun phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Imperatives</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc4">Imperatives</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Embedded sentences</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc5">Embedded sentences</A>
</UL> </UL>
</UL>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
@@ -28,11 +31,13 @@ Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</H1>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Sentence = Cat ** { abstract Sentence = Cat ** {
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A> <A NAME="toc2"></A>
<H2>Clauses</H2> <H2>Clauses</H2>
<P> <P>
The <CODE>NP VP</CODE> predication rule form a clause whose linearization The <CODE>NP VP</CODE> predication rule form a clause whose linearization
@@ -53,7 +58,7 @@ is only meaningful for some verb phrases.
PredSCVP : SC -&gt; VP -&gt; Cl ; -- that you go makes me happy PredSCVP : SC -&gt; VP -&gt; Cl ; -- that you go makes me happy
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc2"></A> <A NAME="toc3"></A>
<H2>Clauses missing object noun phrases</H2> <H2>Clauses missing object noun phrases</H2>
<P> <P>
This category is a variant of the 'slash category' <CODE>S/NP</CODE> of This category is a variant of the 'slash category' <CODE>S/NP</CODE> of
@@ -71,7 +76,7 @@ the style of CCG.
SlashPrep : Cl -&gt; Prep -&gt; Slash ; -- (with whom) he walks SlashPrep : Cl -&gt; Prep -&gt; Slash ; -- (with whom) he walks
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc3"></A> <A NAME="toc4"></A>
<H2>Imperatives</H2> <H2>Imperatives</H2>
<P> <P>
An imperative is straightforwardly formed from a verb phrase. An imperative is straightforwardly formed from a verb phrase.
@@ -82,7 +87,7 @@ To fix these parameters, see <A HREF="Phrase.html">Phrase</A>.
ImpVP : VP -&gt; Imp ; -- go ImpVP : VP -&gt; Imp ; -- go
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc4"></A> <A NAME="toc5"></A>
<H2>Embedded sentences</H2> <H2>Embedded sentences</H2>
<P> <P>
Sentences, questions, and infinitival phrases can be used as Sentences, questions, and infinitival phrases can be used as
@@ -97,6 +102,6 @@ subjects and (adverbial) complements.
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) --> <!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
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@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P> <P>
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:52 2006 Author:
Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:35 2006
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
Produced by Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract SeqConjunction = Cat ** { abstract SeqConjunction = Cat ** {
</PRE> </PRE>
@@ -70,6 +74,6 @@ we use right-associative lists instead of GF's built-in lists
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) --> <!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/SeqConjunction.txt --> <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/SeqConjunction.txt -->
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@@ -6,13 +6,17 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black"> </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words</H1> <P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4"> <FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:52 2006</I><BR> <I>Author: </I><BR>
% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file. Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:35 2006
</FONT></CENTER> </FONT></CENTER>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words</A>
</UL>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
@@ -21,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words</H1>
<P> <P>
AR 21/11/2003 -- 30/11/2005 AR 21/11/2003 -- 30/11/2005
</P> </P>
@@ -42,122 +48,105 @@ This is an alphabetical list of structural words
<PRE> <PRE>
above_Prep : Prep ; above_Prep : Prep ;
after_Prep : Prep ; after_Prep : Prep ;
</PRE> all_Predet : Predet ;
<P></P> almost_AdA : AdA ;
<P> almost_AdN : AdN ;
all8mass_Det : Det ;
all_NDet : NDet ;
</P>
<PRE>
all_Predet : Predet ; --
almost_AdA : AdA ; -- Adv
almost_AdN : AdN ; --
although_Subj : Subj ; although_Subj : Subj ;
always_AdV : AdV ; -- always_AdV : AdV ;
and_Conj : Conj ; and_Conj : Conj ;
because_Subj : Subj ; because_Subj : Subj ;
before_Prep : Prep ; before_Prep : Prep ;
behind_Prep : Prep ; behind_Prep : Prep ;
between_Prep : Prep ; between_Prep : Prep ;
both7and_DConj : DConj ; -- ConjD both7and_DConj : DConj ;
but_PConj : PConj ; -- but_PConj : PConj ;
by8agent_Prep : Prep ; by8agent_Prep : Prep ;
by8means_Prep : Prep ; by8means_Prep : Prep ;
can8know_VV : VV ; can8know_VV : VV ;
can_VV : VV ; can_VV : VV ;
during_Prep : Prep ; during_Prep : Prep ;
either7or_DConj : DConj ; -- ConjD either7or_DConj : DConj ;
every_Det : Det ; every_Det : Det ;
everybody_NP : NP ; everybody_NP : NP ;
everything_NP : NP ; everything_NP : NP ;
everywhere_Adv : Adv ; everywhere_Adv : Adv ;
first_Ord : Ord ;
from_Prep : Prep ; from_Prep : Prep ;
he_Pron : Pron ; -- NP he_Pron : Pron ;
here_Adv : Adv ; -- here_Adv : Adv ;
here7to_Adv : Adv ; here7to_Adv : Adv ;
here7from_Adv : Adv ; here7from_Adv : Adv ;
how_IAdv : IAdv ; how_IAdv : IAdv ;
how8many_IDet : IDet ; how8many_IDet : IDet ;
i_Pron : Pron ; -- NP i_Pron : Pron ;
if_Subj : Subj ; if_Subj : Subj ;
in8front_Prep : Prep ; in8front_Prep : Prep ;
in_Prep : Prep ; in_Prep : Prep ;
it_Pron : Pron ; it_Pron : Pron ;
less_CAdv : CAdv ; -- less_CAdv : CAdv ;
many_Det : Det ; many_Det : Det ;
more_CAdv : CAdv ; -- more_CAdv : CAdv ;
most_Predet : Predet ; -- Det most_Predet : Predet ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
most8many_Det : Det ;
</P>
<PRE>
much_Det : Det ; much_Det : Det ;
must_VV : VV ; must_VV : VV ;
no_Phr : Phr ; no_Phr : Phr ;
on_Prep : Prep ; on_Prep : Prep ;
only_Predet : Predet ; -- one_Quant : QuantSg ;
only_Predet : Predet ;
or_Conj : Conj ; or_Conj : Conj ;
otherwise_PConj : PConj ; -- AdC otherwise_PConj : PConj ;
part_Prep : Prep ; part_Prep : Prep ;
please_Voc : Voc ; please_Voc : Voc ;
possess_Prep : Prep ; possess_Prep : Prep ;
quite_Adv : AdA ; quite_Adv : AdA ;
she_Pron : Pron ; she_Pron : Pron ;
so_AdA : AdA ; -- Adv so_AdA : AdA ;
someSg_Det : Det ; -- some_Det someSg_Det : Det ;
somePl_Det : Det ; -- NDet somePl_Det : Det ;
somebody_NP : NP ; somebody_NP : NP ;
something_NP : NP ; something_NP : NP ;
somewhere_Adv : Adv ; somewhere_Adv : Adv ;
that_Quant : QuantSg ; -- Det that_Quant : QuantSg ;
that_NP : NP ; that_NP : NP ;
there_Adv : Adv ; -- there_Adv : Adv ;
there7to_Adv : Adv ; -- there7to_Adv : Adv ;
there7from_Adv : Adv ; -- there7from_Adv : Adv ;
therefore_PConj : PConj ; -- AdC therefore_PConj : PConj ;
these_NP : NP ; -- these_NP : NP ;
these_Quant : QuantPl ; -- NDet these_Quant : QuantPl ;
</PRE> they_Pron : Pron ;
<P></P> this_Quant : QuantSg ;
<P>
they8fem_NP : NP ;
</P>
<PRE>
they_Pron : Pron ; -- NP
this_Quant : QuantSg ; -- NDet
this_NP : NP ; this_NP : NP ;
those_NP : NP ; -- those_NP : NP ;
those_Quant : QuantPl ; -- NDet those_Quant : QuantPl ;
thou_Pron : Pron ; -- NP thou_Pron : Pron ;
through_Prep : Prep ; through_Prep : Prep ;
to_Prep : Prep ; to_Prep : Prep ;
too_AdA : AdA ; -- Adv too_AdA : AdA ;
under_Prep : Prep ; under_Prep : Prep ;
very_AdA : AdA ; -- Adv very_AdA : AdA ;
want_VV : VV ; want_VV : VV ;
we_Pron : Pron ; -- NP we_Pron : Pron ;
whatPl_IP : IP ; -- many whatPl_IP : IP ;
whatSg_IP : IP ; -- one whatSg_IP : IP ;
when_IAdv : IAdv ; when_IAdv : IAdv ;
when_Subj : Subj ; when_Subj : Subj ;
where_IAdv : IAdv ; where_IAdv : IAdv ;
whichPl_IDet : IDet ; -- many whichPl_IDet : IDet ;
whichSg_IDet : IDet ; -- one whichSg_IDet : IDet ;
whoPl_IP : IP ; -- many whoPl_IP : IP ;
whoSg_IP : IP ; -- one whoSg_IP : IP ;
why_IAdv : IAdv ; why_IAdv : IAdv ;
with_Prep : Prep ; with_Prep : Prep ;
without_Prep : Prep ; without_Prep : Prep ;
ye_Pron : Pron ; -- NP ye_Pron : Pron ;
yes_Phr : Phr ; yes_Phr : Phr ;
you_Pron : Pron ; -- NP you_Pron : Pron ;
} }
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
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@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P> <P>
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:52 2006 Author:
Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:35 2006
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
Produced by Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Tense = { abstract Tense = {
@@ -37,6 +41,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
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<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P> <P>
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:52 2006 Author:
Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:35 2006
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
Produced by Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Tensed = Cat, Tense ** { abstract Tensed = Cat, Tense ** {
@@ -32,6 +36,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
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<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P> <P>
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:52 2006 Author:
Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:36 2006
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
Produced by Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Test = abstract Test =
Noun, Noun,
@@ -39,6 +43,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
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<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<P> <P>
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:52 2006 Author:
Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:36 2006
</P> </P>
<P> <P>
Produced by Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Untensed = Cat ** { abstract Untensed = Cat ** {
@@ -32,6 +36,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
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@@ -6,19 +6,22 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black"> </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The construction of verb phrases</H1> <P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The construction of verb phrases</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4"> <FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:53 2006</I><BR> <I>Author: </I><BR>
% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file. Last update: Tue Jan 17 15:24:36 2006
</FONT></CENTER> </FONT></CENTER>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P> <P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">The construction of verb phrases</A>
<UL> <UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Complementization rules</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc2">Complementization rules</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Other ways of forming verb phrases</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc3">Other ways of forming verb phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Complements to copula</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc4">Complements to copula</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Coercions</A> <LI><A HREF="#toc5">Coercions</A>
</UL> </UL>
</UL>
<P></P> <P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1> <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
@@ -28,11 +31,13 @@ Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL. (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P> </P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>The construction of verb phrases</H1>
<PRE> <PRE>
abstract Verb = Cat ** { abstract Verb = Cat ** {
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A> <A NAME="toc2"></A>
<H2>Complementization rules</H2> <H2>Complementization rules</H2>
<P> <P>
Verb phrases are constructed from verbs by providing their Verb phrases are constructed from verbs by providing their
@@ -52,7 +57,7 @@ complements. There is one rule for each verb category.
ComplV2A : V2A -&gt; NP -&gt; AP -&gt; VP ; -- paint the house red ComplV2A : V2A -&gt; NP -&gt; AP -&gt; VP ; -- paint the house red
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc2"></A> <A NAME="toc3"></A>
<H2>Other ways of forming verb phrases</H2> <H2>Other ways of forming verb phrases</H2>
<P> <P>
Verb phrases can also be constructed reflexively and from Verb phrases can also be constructed reflexively and from
@@ -93,7 +98,7 @@ vs. next to (or before) the verb.
<B>Agents of passives</B> are constructed as adverbs with the <B>Agents of passives</B> are constructed as adverbs with the
preposition <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A><CODE>.8agent_Prep</CODE>. preposition <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A><CODE>.8agent_Prep</CODE>.
</P> </P>
<A NAME="toc3"></A> <A NAME="toc4"></A>
<H2>Complements to copula</H2> <H2>Complements to copula</H2>
<P> <P>
Adjectival phrases, noun phrases, and adverbs can be used. Adjectival phrases, noun phrases, and adverbs can be used.
@@ -104,7 +109,7 @@ Adjectival phrases, noun phrases, and adverbs can be used.
CompAdv : Adv -&gt; Comp ; -- (be) here CompAdv : Adv -&gt; Comp ; -- (be) here
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
<A NAME="toc4"></A> <A NAME="toc5"></A>
<H2>Coercions</H2> <H2>Coercions</H2>
<P> <P>
Verbs can change subcategorization patterns in systematic ways, Verbs can change subcategorization patterns in systematic ways,
@@ -119,6 +124,6 @@ work in all the languages we cover.
</PRE> </PRE>
<P></P> <P></P>
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@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
-- --
--1 German Lexical Paradigms --1 German Lexical Paradigms
-- --
-- Aarne Ranta 2003--2005 -- Aarne Ranta & Harald Hammarström 2003--2006
-- --
-- This is an API to the user of the resource grammar -- This is an API to the user of the resource grammar
-- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming -- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ oper
-- - 1/3p sg imperfect indicative, -- - 1/3p sg imperfect indicative,
-- - 1/3p sg imperfect subjunctive (because this uncommon form can have umlaut) -- - 1/3p sg imperfect subjunctive (because this uncommon form can have umlaut)
-- - the perfect participle -- - the perfect participle
--
--
mkV : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> V ; -- geben, gibt, gib, gab, gäbe, gegeben mkV : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> V ; -- geben, gibt, gib, gab, gäbe, gegeben
-- Weak verbs are sometimes called regular verbs. -- Weak verbs are sometimes called regular verbs.
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ oper
reflV : V -> Case -> V ; reflV : V -> Case -> V ;
--3 Two-place verbs --3 Two-place verbs
-- --
-- Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object -- Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object