diff --git a/examples/app/App.gf b/examples/app/App.gf
index 7f5c45f17..24f4bb67c 100644
--- a/examples/app/App.gf
+++ b/examples/app/App.gf
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 abstract App = 
   Translate - [
   -- Verb
-    SlashV2V, 
+    SlashV2V,             -- replaced by more efficient inlined versions
     Slash2V3, Slash3V3, SlashV2S, SlashV2Q, SlashV2A, 
     SlashVV, SlashV2VNP,
     AdvVPSlash, AdVVPSlash, VPSlashPrep,
@@ -28,4 +28,10 @@ fun
   PhrasePhr : Phrase -> Phr ;
   Phrase_Chunk : Phrase -> Chunk ;
 
+  ComplV2V : V2V -> NP -> VP -> VP ;
+  ComplV2A : V2A -> NP -> AP -> VP ;
+  ComplV2Q : V2Q -> NP -> QS -> VP ;
+  ComplV2S : V2S -> NP -> S  -> VP ;
+  ComplV3  : V3  -> NP -> NP -> VP ;
+
 }
diff --git a/examples/app/AppBul.gf b/examples/app/AppBul.gf
index eb23ce0f7..8bbfd202d 100644
--- a/examples/app/AppBul.gf
+++ b/examples/app/AppBul.gf
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ concrete AppBul of App =
 
   TranslateBul - [
   -- Verb
-    SlashV2V, 
+    SlashV2V,             -- replaced by more efficient inlined versions
     Slash2V3, Slash3V3, SlashV2S, SlashV2Q, SlashV2A, 
     SlashVV, SlashV2VNP,
     AdvVPSlash, AdVVPSlash, VPSlashPrep,
@@ -37,4 +37,11 @@ lin
   PhrasePhr p = {s = "+" ++ p.s} | p ;
   Phrase_Chunk p = p ;
 
+
+ComplV2V v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2A v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2Q v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2S v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV3  v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+
 }
diff --git a/examples/app/AppChi.gf b/examples/app/AppChi.gf
index 28c7abb2e..8e563c257 100644
--- a/examples/app/AppChi.gf
+++ b/examples/app/AppChi.gf
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ concrete AppChi of App =
 
   TranslateChi - [
   -- Verb
-    SlashV2V, 
+    SlashV2V,             -- replaced by more efficient inlined versions
     Slash2V3, Slash3V3, SlashV2S, SlashV2Q, SlashV2A, 
     SlashVV, SlashV2VNP,
     AdvVPSlash, AdVVPSlash, VPSlashPrep,
@@ -38,4 +38,11 @@ lin
   PhrasePhr p = {s = "+" ++ p.s} | p ;
   Phrase_Chunk p = p ;
 
+
+ComplV2V v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2A v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2Q v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2S v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV3  v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+
 }
diff --git a/examples/app/AppDut.gf b/examples/app/AppDut.gf
index 620b8ceb8..0b89b593f 100644
--- a/examples/app/AppDut.gf
+++ b/examples/app/AppDut.gf
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ concrete AppDut of App =
 
   TranslateDut - [
   -- Verb
-    SlashV2V, 
+    SlashV2V,             -- replaced by more efficient inlined versions
     Slash2V3, Slash3V3, SlashV2S, SlashV2Q, SlashV2A, 
     SlashVV, SlashV2VNP,
     AdvVPSlash, AdVVPSlash, VPSlashPrep,
@@ -36,4 +36,11 @@ lin
   PhrasePhr p = {s = "+" ++ p.s} | p ;
   Phrase_Chunk p = p ;
 
+
+ComplV2V v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2A v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2Q v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2S v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV3  v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+
 }
diff --git a/examples/app/AppEng.gf b/examples/app/AppEng.gf
index 9ac21a783..91253a6f9 100644
--- a/examples/app/AppEng.gf
+++ b/examples/app/AppEng.gf
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ concrete AppEng of App =
 
   TranslateEng - [
   -- Verb
-    SlashV2V, 
+    SlashV2V,             -- replaced by more efficient inlined versions
     Slash2V3, Slash3V3, SlashV2S, SlashV2Q, SlashV2A, 
     SlashVV, SlashV2VNP,
     AdvVPSlash, AdVVPSlash, VPSlashPrep,
@@ -36,4 +36,17 @@ lin
   PhrasePhr p = {s = "+" ++ p.s} | p ;
   Phrase_Chunk p = p ;
 
+  ComplV2V v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+  ComplV2A v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+  ComplV2Q v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+  ComplV2S v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+  ComplV3  v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+
+
+ComplV2V v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2A v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2Q v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2S v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV3  v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+
 }
diff --git a/examples/app/AppFin.gf b/examples/app/AppFin.gf
index 69fc9cac4..e669ac618 100644
--- a/examples/app/AppFin.gf
+++ b/examples/app/AppFin.gf
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ concrete AppFin of App =
 
   TranslateFin - [
   -- Verb
-    SlashV2V, 
+    SlashV2V,             -- replaced by more efficient inlined versions
     Slash2V3, Slash3V3, SlashV2S, SlashV2Q, SlashV2A, 
     SlashVV, SlashV2VNP,
     AdvVPSlash, AdVVPSlash, VPSlashPrep,
@@ -36,4 +36,11 @@ lin
   PhrasePhr p = {s = "+" ++ p.s} | p ;
   Phrase_Chunk p = p ;
 
+
+ComplV2V v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2A v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2Q v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2S v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV3  v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+
 }
diff --git a/examples/app/AppFre.gf b/examples/app/AppFre.gf
index 8af43c2f9..87ce3c132 100644
--- a/examples/app/AppFre.gf
+++ b/examples/app/AppFre.gf
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ concrete AppFre of App =
 
   TranslateFre - [
   -- Verb
-    SlashV2V, 
+    SlashV2V,             -- replaced by more efficient inlined versions
     Slash2V3, Slash3V3, SlashV2S, SlashV2Q, SlashV2A, 
     SlashVV, SlashV2VNP,
     AdvVPSlash, AdVVPSlash, VPSlashPrep,
@@ -37,4 +37,11 @@ lin
   PhrasePhr p = {s = "+" ++ p.s} | p ;
   Phrase_Chunk p = p ;
 
+
+ComplV2V v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2A v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2Q v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2S v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV3  v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+
 }
diff --git a/examples/app/AppGer.gf b/examples/app/AppGer.gf
index a754e6ddc..72dbc31f2 100644
--- a/examples/app/AppGer.gf
+++ b/examples/app/AppGer.gf
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ concrete AppGer of App =
 
   TranslateGer - [
   -- Verb
-    SlashV2V, 
+    SlashV2V,             -- replaced by more efficient inlined versions
     Slash2V3, Slash3V3, SlashV2S, SlashV2Q, SlashV2A, 
     SlashVV, SlashV2VNP,
     AdvVPSlash, AdVVPSlash, VPSlashPrep,
@@ -36,4 +36,11 @@ lin
   PhrasePhr p = {s = "+" ++ p.s} | p ;
   Phrase_Chunk p = p ;
 
+
+ComplV2V v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2A v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2Q v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2S v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV3  v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+
 }
diff --git a/examples/app/AppHin.gf b/examples/app/AppHin.gf
index 74ce40d34..0bddfb3bf 100644
--- a/examples/app/AppHin.gf
+++ b/examples/app/AppHin.gf
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ concrete AppHin of App =
 
   TranslateHin - [
   -- Verb
-    SlashV2V, 
+    SlashV2V,             -- replaced by more efficient inlined versions
     Slash2V3, Slash3V3, SlashV2S, SlashV2Q, SlashV2A, 
     SlashVV, SlashV2VNP,
     AdvVPSlash, AdVVPSlash, VPSlashPrep,
@@ -36,4 +36,11 @@ lin
   PhrasePhr p = {s = "+" ++ p.s} | p ;
   Phrase_Chunk p = p ;
 
+
+ComplV2V v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2A v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2Q v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2S v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV3  v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+
 }
diff --git a/examples/app/AppIta.gf b/examples/app/AppIta.gf
index e7d9bee13..7041d43f8 100644
--- a/examples/app/AppIta.gf
+++ b/examples/app/AppIta.gf
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ concrete AppIta of App =
 
   TranslateIta - [
   -- Verb
-    SlashV2V, 
+    SlashV2V,             -- replaced by more efficient inlined versions
     Slash2V3, Slash3V3, SlashV2S, SlashV2Q, SlashV2A, 
     SlashVV, SlashV2VNP,
     AdvVPSlash, AdVVPSlash, VPSlashPrep,
@@ -35,4 +35,11 @@ lin
   PhrasePhr p = {s = "+" ++ p.s} | p ;
   Phrase_Chunk p = p ;
 
+
+ComplV2V v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2A v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2Q v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2S v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV3  v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+
 }
diff --git a/examples/app/AppSpa.gf b/examples/app/AppSpa.gf
index eb915461d..6e57da478 100644
--- a/examples/app/AppSpa.gf
+++ b/examples/app/AppSpa.gf
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ concrete AppSpa of App =
 
   TranslateSpa - [
   -- Verb
-    SlashV2V, 
+    SlashV2V,             -- replaced by more efficient inlined versions
     Slash2V3, Slash3V3, SlashV2S, SlashV2Q, SlashV2A, 
     SlashVV, SlashV2VNP,
     AdvVPSlash, AdVVPSlash, VPSlashPrep,
@@ -37,4 +37,11 @@ lin
   PhrasePhr p = {s = "+" ++ p.s} | p ;
   Phrase_Chunk p = p ;
 
+
+ComplV2V v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2A v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2Q v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2S v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV3  v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+
 }
diff --git a/examples/app/AppSwe.gf b/examples/app/AppSwe.gf
index b1c7e73f6..093a1e91f 100644
--- a/examples/app/AppSwe.gf
+++ b/examples/app/AppSwe.gf
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 concrete AppSwe of App = 
   TranslateSwe - [
   -- Verb
-    SlashV2V, 
+    SlashV2V,             -- replaced by more efficient inlined versions
     Slash2V3, Slash3V3, SlashV2S, SlashV2Q, SlashV2A, 
     SlashVV, SlashV2VNP,
     AdvVPSlash, AdVVPSlash, VPSlashPrep,
@@ -35,4 +35,11 @@ lin
   PhrasePhr p = {s = "+" ++ p.s} | p ;
   Phrase_Chunk p = p ;
 
+
+ComplV2V v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2A v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2Q v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV2S v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+ComplV3  v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;
+
 }
diff --git a/examples/app/MkApp.hs b/examples/app/MkApp.hs
index 29caf2fd5..7704ffcb7 100644
--- a/examples/app/MkApp.hs
+++ b/examples/app/MkApp.hs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 -- update the import list of every language
+-- although possibly some extra definitions at the end
 -- the new files are produced in ./tmp/
 -- usage: runghc MkApp.hs
 
@@ -17,5 +18,18 @@ putImports i s =
   let
     (s1,_:s2) = span (/='[') s
     (_,   s3) = span (/=']') s2
-  in s1 ++ "[" ++ i ++ s3
+  in s1 ++ "[" ++ i ++ extra s3
 
+extra s = unlines (init (lines s) ++ extraLines ++ ["}"])
+
+extraLines = -- [] -- default: no extra
+
+  [
+  "",
+  "ComplV2V v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;",
+  "ComplV2A v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;",
+  "ComplV2Q v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;",
+  "ComplV2S v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;",
+  "ComplV3  v np vp = mkVP v np vp ;",
+  ""
+  ]
\ No newline at end of file