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Founded Italian resource gramamr in GF2.
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aarne
291
grammars/resource/italian/MorphoIta.gf
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291
grammars/resource/italian/MorphoIta.gf
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--# -path=.:../romance:../../prelude
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--1 A Simple Italian Resource Morphology
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--
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-- Aarne Ranta 2002--2003
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--
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-- This resource morphology contains definitions needed in the resource
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-- syntax. It moreover contains the most usual inflectional patterns.
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-- The patterns for verbs contain the complete "Bescherelle" conjugation
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-- tables.
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--
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-- We use the parameter types and word classes defined in $TypesIta.gf$.
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resource MorphoIta = open (Predef=Predef), Prelude, TypesIta in {
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--2 Some phonology
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--
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--3 Elision
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--
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-- The phonological rule of *elision* can be defined as follows in GF.
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-- In Italian it includes both vowels and the *impure 's'*.
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oper
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vocale : Strs = strs {
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"a" ; "e" ; "h" ; "i" ; "o" ; "u"
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} ;
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sImpuro : Strs = strs {
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"z" ; "sb" ; "sc" ; "sd" ; "sf" ; "sm" ; "sp" ; "sq" ; "sr" ; "st" ; "sv"
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} ;
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elision : (_,_,_ : Str) -> Str = \il, l', lo ->
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pre {il ; l' / vocale ; lo / sImpuro} ;
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--2 Nouns
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--
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-- The following macro is useful for creating the forms of number-dependent
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-- tables, such as common nouns.
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numForms : (_,_ : Str) -> Number => Str = \vino, vini ->
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table {Sg => vino ; Pl => vini} ;
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-- For example:
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nomVino : Str -> Number => Str = \vino -> let {vin = Predef.tk 1 vino} in
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numForms vino (vin + "i") ;
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nomRana : Str -> Number => Str = \rana -> let {ran = Predef.tk 1 rana} in
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numForms rana (ran + "e") ;
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nomSale : Str -> Number => Str = \sale -> let {sal = Predef.tk 1 sale} in
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numForms sale (sal + "i") ;
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nomTram : Str -> Number => Str = \tram ->
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numForms tram tram ;
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-- Common nouns are inflected in number and have an inherent gender.
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mkCNom : (Number => Str) -> Gender -> CNom = \mecmecs,gen ->
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{s = mecmecs ; g = gen} ;
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mkCNomIrreg : Str -> Str -> Gender -> CNom = \mec,mecs ->
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mkCNom (numForms mec mecs) ;
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--2 Adjectives
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--
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-- Adjectives are conveniently seen as gender-dependent nouns.
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-- Here are some patterns. First one that describes the worst case.
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mkAdj : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Adj = \solo,sola,soli,sole ->
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{s = table {
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Masc => numForms solo soli ;
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Fem => numForms sola sole
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}
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} ;
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-- Then the regular and invariant patterns.
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adjSolo : Str -> Adj = \solo -> let {sol = Predef.tk 1 solo} in
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mkAdj solo (sol + "a") (sol + "i") (sol + "e") ;
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adjTale : Str -> Adj = \tale -> let {tali = Predef.tk 1 tale + "i"} in
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mkAdj tale tale tali tali ;
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adjBlu : Str -> Adj = \blu ->
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mkAdj blu blu blu blu ;
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-- Adjectives themselves are records. Here the most common cases:
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--2 Personal pronouns
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--
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-- All the eight personal pronouns can be built by the following macro.
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-- The use of "ne" as atonic genitive is debatable.
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-- We follow the rule that the atonic nominative is empty.
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mkPronoun : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) ->
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PronGen -> Number -> Person -> ClitType -> Pronoun =
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\il,le,lui,Lui,son,sa,ses,see,g,n,p,c ->
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{s = table {
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Ton Nom => il ;
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Ton x => prepCase x ++ Lui ;
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Aton Nom => [] ;
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Aton Acc => le ;
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Aton (CPrep P_di) => "ne" ; --- hmm
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Aton (CPrep P_a) => lui ;
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Aton (CPrep q) => strPrep q ++ Lui ; ---- GF bug with c or p!
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Poss Sg Masc => son ;
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Poss Sg Fem => sa ;
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Poss Pl Masc => ses ;
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Poss Pl Fem => see
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} ;
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g = g ;
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n = n ;
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p = p ;
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c = c
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} ;
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--2 Reflexive pronouns
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--
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-- It is simply a function depending on number and person.
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pronRefl : Number -> Person -> Str = \n,p -> case <n,p> of {
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<Sg,P1> => "mi" ;
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<Sg,P2> => "ti" ;
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<_, P3> => "si" ;
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<Pl,P1> => "ci" ;
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<Pl,P2> => "vi"
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} ;
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--2 Determiners
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--
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-- Determiners, traditionally called indefinite pronouns, are inflected
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-- in gender and number, like adjectives.
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pronForms : Adj -> Gender -> Number -> Str = \tale,g,n -> tale.s ! g ! n ;
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qualPron : Gender -> Number -> Str = pronForms (adjTale "quale") ;
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talPron : Gender -> Number -> Str = pronForms (adjTale "tale") ;
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tuttoPron : Gender -> Number -> Str = pronForms (adjSolo "tutto") ;
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--2 Articles
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--
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-- The definite article has quite some variation: three parameters and
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-- elision. This is the simples definition we have been able to find.
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artDefTable : Gender => Number => Case => Str = \\g,n,c => case <g,n,c> of {
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<_, _, CPrep P_di> => prepArt g n "de" ;
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<_, _, CPrep P_da> => prepArt g n "da" ;
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<_, _, CPrep P_a> => prepArt g n "a" ;
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<_, _, CPrep P_in> => prepArt g n "ne" ;
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<_, _, CPrep P_su> => prepArt g n "su" ;
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<_, _, CPrep P_con> => prepArt g n "co" ;
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<Masc,Sg, Nom> => elision "il" "l'" "lo" ;
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<Masc,Sg, _> => elision "il" "l'" "lo" ;
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<Fem ,Sg, _> => elision "la" "l'" "la" ;
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<Masc,Pl, _> => elision "i" "gli" "gli" ;
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<Fem ,Pl, _> => "le"
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} ;
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-- This auxiliary expresses the uniform rule.
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prepArt : Gender -> Number -> Tok -> Tok = \g,n,de -> case <g,n> of {
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<Masc,Sg> => elision (de + "l") (de + "ll'") (de + "llo") ;
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<Masc,Pl> => elision (de + "i") (de + "gli") (de + "gli") ;
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<Fem, Sg> => elision (de + "lla") (de + "ll'") (de + "lla") ;
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<Fem, Pl> => de + "lle"
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} ;
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--2 Verbs
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--
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--3 The present tense
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--
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-- We first define some macros for the special case of present tense.
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--
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-- The verb "essere" is often used in syntax.
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verbEssere = verbPres essere ;
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-- We very often form the verb stem by dropping out the infinitive ending.
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troncVerb : Tok -> Tok = Predef.tk 3 ;
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oper mkVerbPres : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> VerbPres =
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\veng, viene, ven, venite, vengono, venga, vieni, venire ->
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let {vien = Predef.tk 1 vieni} in
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{s = table {
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VFin Ind Sg P1 => veng + "o" ;
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VFin Ind Sg P2 => vien + "i" ;
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VFin Ind Sg P3 => viene ;
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VFin Ind Pl P1 => ven + "iamo" ;
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VFin Ind Pl P2 => venite ;
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VFin Ind Pl P3 => vengono ;
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VFin Con Sg _ => venga ;
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VFin Con Pl P1 => ven + "iamo" ;
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VFin Con Pl P2 => ven + "iate" ;
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VFin Con Pl P3 => venga + "no" ;
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VImper SgP2 => vieni ;
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VImper PlP1 => ven + "iamo" ;
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VImper PlP2 => venite ;
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VInfin => venire
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}
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} ;
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-- The four main conjugations.
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verbAmare : Str -> VerbPres = \amare ->
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let {am = troncVerb amare ; ama = am + "a"} in
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mkVerbPres
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am ama am (ama + "te") (ama + "no")
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(am+"i") ama amare ;
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verbDormire : Str -> VerbPres = \dormire ->
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let {dorm = troncVerb dormire} in
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mkVerbPres
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dorm (dorm + "e") dorm (dorm + "ite") (dorm + "ino") (dorm+"a")
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(dorm + "i") dormire ;
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verbFinire : Str -> VerbPres = \finire ->
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let {fin = troncVerb finire ; fini = fin + "i" ; finisc = fini + "sc"} in
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mkVerbPres
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finisc (finisc + "e") fin (fini + "te") (finisc + "ono")
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(finisc + "a") (finisc + "i") finire ;
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verbCorrere : Str -> VerbPres = \correre ->
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let {corr = troncVerb correre ; corre = corr + "e"} in
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mkVerbPres corr corre corr (corre + "te") (corr + "ono") (corr+"a") (corr+"i")
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correre ;
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-- Some irregular verbs.
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verbPresSpegnere : VerbPres =
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mkVerbPres "speng" "spegne" "spegn" "spegnete" "spengono"
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"spenga" "spegni" "spegnere" ;
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verbPresDire : VerbPres =
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mkVerbPres "dic" "dice" "dic" "dite" "dicono"
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"dica" "di" "dire" ;
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essere = {s = table {
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Inf => "essere" ;
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Indi Pres Sg P1 => "sono" ;
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Indi Pres Sg P2 => "sei" ;
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Indi Pres Sg P3 => "è" ;
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Indi Pres Pl P1 => "siamo" ;
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Indi Pres Pl P2 => "siete" ;
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Indi Pres Pl P3 => "sono" ;
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Cong Pres Sg P1 => "sia" ;
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Cong Pres Sg P2 => "sia" ;
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Cong Pres Sg P3 => "sia" ;
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Cong Pres Pl P1 => "siamo" ;
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Cong Pres Pl P2 => "siate" ;
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Cong Pres Pl P3 => "siano" ;
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Imper SgP2 => "sii" ;
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Imper PlP1 => "siamo" ;
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Imper PlP2 => "siate" ;
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_ => "essere" --- we just don't care
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}} ;
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avere = {s = table {
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Inf => "avere" ;
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Indi Pres Sg P1 => "ho" ;
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Indi Pres Sg P2 => "hai" ;
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Indi Pres Sg P3 => "ha" ;
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Indi Pres Pl P1 => "abbiamo" ;
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Indi Pres Pl P2 => "avete" ;
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Indi Pres Pl P3 => "hanno" ;
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Cong Pres Sg P1 => "abbia" ;
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Cong Pres Sg P2 => "abbia" ;
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Cong Pres Sg P3 => "abbia" ;
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Cong Pres Pl P1 => "abbiamo" ;
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Cong Pres Pl P2 => "abbiate" ;
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Cong Pres Pl P3 => "abbiano" ;
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Imper SgP2 => "abbi" ;
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Imper PlP1 => "abbiamo" ;
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Imper PlP2 => "abbiate" ;
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_ => "avere" --- we just don't care
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}} ;
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}
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