added romance in next-resource ; some French determiners and definite articles in other languages to revisit

lib/next-resource/catalan/AdjectiveCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete AdjectiveCat of Adjective = CatCat ** AdjectiveRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResCat) ;

lib/next-resource/catalan/AdverbCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete AdverbCat of Adverb = CatCat ** AdverbRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResCat) ;

lib/next-resource/catalan/AllCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+concrete AllCat of AllCatAbs = 
+  LangCat,
+  IrregCat,
+  ExtraCat 
+  ** {} ;

lib/next-resource/catalan/AllCatAbs.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+abstract AllCatAbs = 
+  Lang,
+  IrregCatAbs,
+  ExtraCatAbs
+  ** {} ;

lib/next-resource/catalan/CatCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+concrete CatCat of Cat = 
+  CommonX - [Temp,TTAnt,Tense,TPres,TPast,TFut,TCond] ** 
+  CatRomance with -- JS restore TPast for notpresent
+  (ResRomance = ResCat) ;

lib/next-resource/catalan/ConjunctionCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete ConjunctionCat of Conjunction = CatCat ** ConjunctionRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResCat) ;

lib/next-resource/catalan/DiffCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+instance DiffCat of DiffRomance = open CommonRomance, PhonoCat, BeschCat, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=noexpand ;
+
+  param 
+    Prepos = P_de | P_a ;
+    VType = VHabere | VRefl ;
+
+oper
+    dative   : Case = CPrep P_a ;
+    genitive : Case = CPrep P_de ;
+
+    prepCase = \c -> case c of {
+      Nom => [] ;
+      Acc => [] ; 
+      CPrep P_de => "de" ;
+      CPrep P_a  => "a"
+      } ;
+
+        
+    artDef : Gender -> Number -> Case -> Str = \g,n,c ->
+      case <g,n,c> of {
+        <Masc,Sg, CPrep P_de> => pre {"del" ; ["de l'"] / vocalForta} ;
+        <Masc,Sg, CPrep P_a>  => pre {"al" ; ["a l'"]  / vocalForta} ;
+        <Masc,Sg, _>    => elisEl ;
+        <Fem, Sg, _>    => prepCase c ++ elisLa ;
+        <_,   Pl, CPrep P_de> => "dels" ;
+        <_,   Pl, CPrep P_a>  => "als" ;
+        <Masc,   Pl, _ >   => "els" ;
+        <Fem,   Pl, _ >   => "les"
+        } ;
+
+        
+
+    artIndef = \g,n,c -> case <n,c> of {
+      <Sg,CPrep P_de>   => genForms ["d' un"] ["d' una"] ! g ;
+      <Pl,CPrep P_de> => genForms ["d' uns"] ["d' unes"] ! g ;
+      <Sg,_> => prepCase c ++ genForms "un" "una" ! g ;
+      <Pl,_> => prepCase c ++ genForms "uns" "unes" ! g
+      } ;
+
+      
+
+    possCase = \_,_,c -> prepCase c ;
+
+    partitive = \g,c -> case c of {
+      CPrep P_de => "de" ;
+      _ => prepCase c ++ artDef g Sg (CPrep P_de)
+      } ;
+
+    conjunctCase : NPForm -> NPForm = \c -> case c of {
+      Ton Nom | Aton Nom => Ton Nom ;
+      _ => Ton Acc 
+      } ;
+
+    auxVerb : VType -> (VF => Str) = \_ -> haver_V.s ;
+
+    partAgr : VType -> VPAgr = \vtyp -> vpAgrNone ;
+
+    vpAgrClit : Agr -> VPAgr = \a ->
+      vpAgrNone ;
+
+  pronArg = \n,p,acc,dat ->
+      let 
+        paccp = case acc of {
+          CRefl   => <reflPron n p Acc, p,True> ;
+          CPron ag an ap => <argPron ag an ap Acc, ap,True> ;
+          _ => <[],P2,False>
+          } ;
+        pdatp = case dat of {
+          CPron ag an ap => <argPron ag an ap dative, ap,True> ;
+          _ => <[],P2,False>
+          }
+       in case <paccp.p2, pdatp.p2> of {
+         ---- AR 8/6/2008 efficiency problem in pgf generation: 
+         ---- replace the case expr with
+         ---- a constant produces an error in V3 predication with two pronouns
+         ---- <P3,P3> => <"se" ++ paccp.p1, [],True> ;
+         _       => <pdatp.p1 ++ paccp.p1, [],orB paccp.p3 pdatp.p3>
+         } ;
+         
+    --case <p,acc,dat> of {
+    --    <Sg,P2,CRefl,CPron {n = Sg ; p = P1}> => <"te" ++ "me", []> ;
+    --    <_,_,CPron {n = Sg ; p = P2},CPron {n = Sg ; p = P1}> => <"te" ++ "me", []> ;
+
+   infForm _ _ _ _  = True ;
+
+   mkImperative _ p vp = { --- politeness
+      s = \\pol,aag => 
+        let 
+          agr   = aag ** {p = p} ;
+          verb  = case <aag.n, pol> of {
+            <Sg,Neg> => (vp.s ! VPFinite (VPres Conjunct) Simul).fin ! agr ;
+            _ => (vp.s ! VPImperat).fin ! agr
+            } ;
+          neg   = vp.neg ! pol ;
+          clpr  = pronArg agr.n agr.p vp.clAcc vp.clDat ;
+          compl = neg.p2 ++ clpr.p2 ++ vp.comp ! agr ++ vp.ext ! pol
+        in
+        neg.p1 ++ verb ++ bindIf clpr.p3 ++ clpr.p1 ++ compl ;
+      } ;
+      
+    negation : Polarity => (Str * Str) = table {
+      Pos => <[],[]> ;
+      Neg => <"no",[]>
+      } ;
+
+    conjThan = "que" ;
+    conjThat = "que" ;
+    subjIf = "si" ;
+
+
+   
+    clitInf b cli inf = inf ++ bindIf b ++ cli ; --- JS copied from DiffSpa
+
+    relPron : Bool => AAgr => Case => Str = \\b,a,c => 
+      case c of {
+        Nom | Acc => "que" ;
+        CPrep P_a => "cuyo" ;
+        _ => prepCase c ++ "cuyo"
+        } ;
+
+    pronSuch : AAgr => Str = aagrForms "tal" "tal" "tals" "tals" ;
+
+    quelPron : AAgr => Str = aagrForms "qual" "qual" "quals" "quals" ;
+
+    partQIndir = [] ; ---- ?
+
+    reflPron : Number -> Person -> Case -> Str = \n,p,c -> 
+        let pro = argPron Fem n p c 
+        in
+        case p of { 
+        P3 => case c of {
+          Acc | CPrep P_a => "se" ;
+          _ => "sÌ"
+          } ;
+        _ => pro
+        } ; 
+
+    argPron : Gender -> Number -> Person -> Case -> Str = 
+      let 
+        cases : (x,y : Str) -> Case -> Str = \me,moi,c -> case c of {
+          Acc | CPrep P_a => me ;
+          _ => moi
+          } ;
+        cases3 : (x,y,z : Str) -> Case -> Str = \les,leur,eux,c -> case c of {
+          Acc => les ;
+          CPrep P_a => leur ;
+          _ => eux
+          } ;
+      in 
+      \g,n,p -> case <g,n,p> of { 
+        <_,Sg,P1> => cases "em" "mí" ;
+        <_,Sg,P2> => cases "et" "tú" ;
+        <_,Pl,P1> => cases "ens" "nosaltres" ; --- nosotros
+        <_,Pl,P2> => cases "us" "vosaltres" ; --- vosotros
+        <Fem,Sg,P3> => cases3 "la" "li" "ella" ;
+        <Masc,  Sg,P3> => cases3 "el" "li" "ell" ;
+        <Fem,Pl,P3> => cases3 "les" "les" "elles" ;
+        <Masc,  Pl,P3> => cases3 "els" "els" "ells"
+        } ;
+
+    vRefl   : VType = VRefl ;
+    isVRefl : VType -> Bool = \ty -> case ty of {
+      VRefl => True ;
+      _ => False
+      } ;
+
+    auxPassive : Verb = copula ;
+
+    copula = verbBeschH (ser_52 "ser") ;
+
+    haver_V : Verb = verbBeschH (haver_59 "haver") ;
+
+    verbBeschH : Verbum -> Verb = \v -> verbBesch v ** {vtyp = VHabere} ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/catalan/ExtraCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+concrete ExtraCat of ExtraCatAbs = ExtraRomanceCat ** 
+  open CommonRomance, PhonoCat, MorphoCat, ParadigmsCat, ParamX, ResCat in {
+
+--  lin
+--    i8fem_Pron =  mkPronoun
+--      "yo" "me" "me" "mí"
+--      "mi" "mi" "mis" "mis"
+--      Fem Sg P1 ;
+--    these8fem_NP = mkNP ["estas"] Fem Pl ;
+--    they8fem_Pron = mkPronoun
+--      "ellas" "las" "les" "ellas"
+--      "su" "su" "sus" "sus"
+--      Fem Pl P3 ;
+--    this8fem_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["esta"] Fem) ;
+--    those8fem_NP = mkNP ["esas"] Fem Pl ;
+
+--    we8fem_Pron = mkPronoun 
+--      "nosotras" "nos" "nos" "nosotras"
+--      "nuestro" "nuestra" "nuestros" "nuestras"
+--      Fem Pl P1 ;
+--    whoPl8fem_IP = {s = \\c => prepCase c ++ "quién" ; a = aagr Fem Pl} ;
+--    whoSg8fem_IP = {s = \\c => prepCase c ++ "quién" ; a = aagr Fem Sg} ;
+
+--    youSg8fem_Pron = mkPronoun 
+--      "tu" "te" "te" "tí"
+--      "tu" "tu" "tus" "tus"
+--      Fem Sg P2 ;
+--    youPl8fem_Pron = mkPronoun
+--      "vosotras" "vos" "vos" "vosotras"
+--      "vuestro" "vuestra" "vuestros" "vuestras"
+--      Fem Pl P2 ;
+--    youPol8fem_Pron = mkPronoun
+--      "usted" "la" "le" "usted"
+--      "su" "su" "sus" "sus"
+--      Fem Sg P3 ;
+
+--    youPolPl_Pron = mkPronoun
+--      "ustedes" "las" "les" "usted"
+--      "su" "su" "sus" "sus"
+--      Masc Pl P3 ;
+--    youPolPl8fem_Pron = mkPronoun
+--      "ustedes" "las" "les" "usted"
+--      "su" "su" "sus" "sus"
+--      Fem Pl P3 ;
+
+
+}

lib/next-resource/catalan/ExtraCatAbs.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+-- Structures special for Catalan. These are not implemented in other
+-- Romance languages.
+
+abstract ExtraCatAbs = ExtraRomanceAbs ** {
+
+--  fun
+
+-- Feminine variants of pronouns (those in $Structural$ are
+-- masculine, which is the default when gender is unknown).
+
+--    i8fem_Pron : Pron ;
+--    these8fem_NP : NP ;
+--    they8fem_Pron : Pron ;
+--    this8fem_NP : NP ;
+--    those8fem_NP : NP ;
+
+--    we8fem_Pron : Pron ;  -- nosotras
+--    whoPl8fem_IP : IP ;
+--    whoSg8fem_IP : IP ;
+
+--    youSg8fem_Pron : Pron ;
+--    youPl8fem_Pron : Pron ; -- vosotras
+--    youPol8fem_Pron : Pron ; -- usted
+
+--    youPolPl_Pron : Pron ;  -- ustedes
+--    youPolPl8fem_Pron : Pron ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/catalan/ExtraRomanceCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete ExtraRomanceCat of ExtraRomanceAbs = CatCat ** ExtraRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResCat) ;

lib/next-resource/catalan/GrammarCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+concrete GrammarCat of Grammar = 
+  NounCat, 
+  VerbCat, 
+  AdjectiveCat,
+  AdverbCat,
+  NumeralCat,
+  SentenceCat,
+  QuestionCat,
+  RelativeCat,
+  ConjunctionCat,
+  PhraseCat,
+  TextX - [Temp,TTAnt,Tense,TPres,TPast,TFut,TCond],
+  IdiomCat,
+  StructuralCat
+
+  ** {
+
+flags startcat = Phr ; unlexer = text ; lexer = text ;
+
+} ;

lib/next-resource/catalan/IdiomCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+concrete IdiomCat of Idiom = CatCat ** 
+  open MorphoCat, ParadigmsCat, BeschCat, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+    ExistNP np = mkClause [] True (agrP3 Masc Sg) 
+        (insertClit2 "hi" (insertComplement (\\_ => np.s ! Ton Acc) (predV haver_V))) ;
+    GenericCl vp = mkClause "hom" True (agrP3 Masc Sg) vp ;
+    ImpersCl vp = mkClause [] True (agrP3 Masc Sg) vp ;
+
+
+    ProgrVP vpr = let vp = useVP vpr in 
+      insertComplement 
+        (\\agr => 
+           let 
+             clpr = pronArg agr.n agr.p vp.clAcc vp.clDat ;
+             obj  = clpr.p2 ++ vp.comp ! agr ++ vp.ext ! Pos ---- pol
+           in
+           (vp.s ! VPGerund).inf ! (aagr agr.g agr.n) ++ clpr.p1 ++ obj
+        )
+        (predV (verbV (estar_54 "estar"))) ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/catalan/LangCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+concrete LangCat of Lang = 
+  GrammarCat,
+  LexiconCat
+  ** {
+
+flags startcat = Phr ; unlexer = text ; lexer = text ;
+
+} ;

lib/next-resource/catalan/LexiconCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
+
+concrete LexiconCat of Lexicon = CatCat ** open 
+  (M=MorphoCat), ParadigmsCat, BeschCat in {
+
+flags 
+  optimize=values ;
+
+oper
+    regFN : Str -> N = \s -> femN (regN s) ;
+    regMN : Str -> N = \s -> regN s ; 
+	irregMN : Str -> Str -> N = \pa,pans ->  M.mkNounIrreg pa pans masculine ;
+
+lin
+   airplane_N = regMN "avió" ;  
+
+   answer_V2S = mkV2S (regV "respondre") dative ;
+   apartment_N = regMN "pis" ;
+   apple_N = regFN "poma" ;
+   art_N = regMN "art" ;    
+   ask_V2Q = mkV2Q (regV "preguntar") dative ;
+   baby_N = regMN "nadó" ;
+   bad_A = mkADeg (regA "dolent") (regA "pitjor") ;
+   bank_N = regMN "banc" ;
+   beautiful_A = prefA (regADeg "bell") ;
+   become_VA = reflV (regV "tornar") ;  -- esdevenir
+   beer_N = regFN "cervesa" ;
+   beg_V2V = mkV2V (regV "demanar") accusative dative ;
+   big_A = regADeg "gros" ;
+   bike_N = regFN "bicicleta" ;
+   bird_N = regMN "ocell" ;
+   black_A = compADeg (mkA "negre" "negra" "negres" "negres" "negrament") ; 
+   blue_A = compADeg (mkA "blau" "blava" "blaus" "blaves" "blavament") ;
+   boat_N = regFN "barca" ;
+   book_N = regMN "llibre" ;
+   boot_N = regFN "bota" ;
+   boss_N = regMN "cap" ;
+   boy_N = regMN "noi" ;
+   bread_N = irregMN "pa" "pans" ;
+   break_V2 = dirV2 (regV "trencar") ;
+   broad_A = regADeg "ample" ; -- put it in MorphoCat?: like  black_A
+   brother_N2 = deN2 (regMN "germà") ;
+   brown_A = compADeg (mkA "marró" "marrona" "marrons" "marrones" "marronament") ;
+   butter_N = regFN "mantega" ;
+   buy_V2 = dirV2 (regV "comprar") ;
+   camera_N = regFN "càmara" ;
+   cap_N = regFN "gorra" ;
+   car_N = regMN "cotxe" ;
+   carpet_N = regFN "catifa" ;
+   cat_N = regMN "gat" ;        -- gata
+   ceiling_N = regMN "sostre" ;
+   chair_N = regFN "cadira" ;
+   cheese_N = regMN "formatge" ;
+   child_N = regMN "nen" ;      -- nena
+   church_N = regFN "església" ;
+   city_N =  regFN "ciutat" ;   
+   clean_A = regADeg "net" ;
+   clever_A = regADeg "inteligent" ;
+   close_V2 = dirV2 (regV "tancar") ;
+   coat_N = regMN "abric" ;
+   cold_A = regADeg "fred" ;
+	come_V = verbV (venir_117 "venir") ;
+    computer_N = regMN "ordinador" ;    
+   country_N = regMN "país" ;       -- masc
+   cousin_N = regMN "cosí" ;
+   cow_N = regFN "vaca" ;
+  	die_V = verbV (morir_71 "morir") ;
+	dirty_A = regADeg "brut" ;
+   distance_N3 = mkN3 (regFN "distància") genitive dative ;
+   doctor_N = regMN "metge" ;   -- metgessa
+   dog_N = regMN "gos" ;        -- gossa
+   door_N = regFN "porta" ;
+   drink_V2 = dirV2 (regV "beure") ;
+   easy_A2V = mkA2V (regA "fácil") dative genitive ;
+   eat_V2 = dirV2 (regV "menjar") ;
+   empty_A = compADeg (mkA "buit" "buida" "buits" "buides" "buidament") ;
+   enemy_N = regMN "enemic" ;       -- enemiga
+   factory_N = regFN "fàbrica" ;
+   father_N2 = deN2 (regMN "pare") ;
+   fear_VS = mkVS (regV "tèmer") ;
+   find_V2 = dirV2 (regV "trobar") ;
+   fish_N = regMN "peix" ;
+   floor_N = regMN "terra" ;        -- sòl
+   forget_V2 = dirV2 (regV "oblidar") ;
+   fridge_N = regFN "nevera" ;
+   friend_N = regMN "amic" ;        -- amiga
+   fruit_N = regFN "fruita" ;
+   fun_AV = mkAV (regA "divertit") genitive ;
+   garden_N = regMN "jardí" ;
+   girl_N = regFN "noia" ;
+   glove_N = regMN "guant" ;
+   gold_N = regMN "or" ;
+   good_A = mkADeg (mkA "bó" "bona" "bons" "bones" "bonament") (regA "millor") ; ---- adv?
+   go_V = (verbV (anar_4 "anar")) ;
+	green_A = regADeg "verd" ;
+   harbour_N = regMN "port" ;
+   hate_V2 = dirV2 (regV "odiar") ;
+   hat_N = regMN "barret" ;
+   have_V2 = dirV2 (verbV (tenir_108 "tenir")) ;
+   hear_V2 = mkV2 (regV "escoltar") dative ; 
+   hill_N = regMN "turó" ;
+   hope_VS = mkVS (regV "esperar") ;
+   horse_N = regMN "cavall" ;
+	hot_A = regADeg "calent" ;
+   house_N = regFN "casa" ;
+	important_A = regADeg "important" ;
+   industry_N = regFN "indústria" ;
+   iron_N = regMN "ferro" ;
+   king_N = regMN "rei" ;
+   know_V2 = dirV2 (regV "saber") ;
+   lake_N = regMN "llac" ;
+   lamp_N = regFN "làmpada" ;
+   learn_V2 = dirV2 (regV "aprendre") ;
+   leather_N = regMN "cuiro" ;
+   leave_V2 = dirV2 (regV "partir") ;
+   like_V2 = dirV2 (regV "agradar") ;
+   listen_V2 = dirV2 (regV "escoltar") ;
+   live_V = verbV (viure_119 "viure") ;
+   long_A = regADeg "llarg" ;
+   lose_V2 = dirV2 (regV "perdre") ;
+   love_N = regMN "amor" ;
+   love_V2 = dirV2 (regV "estimar") ;
+   man_N = regMN "home" ;       -- masc
+   married_A2 = mkA2 (regA "casat") dative ;
+   meat_N = regFN "carn" ;
+   milk_N = regFN "llet" ;
+   moon_N = regFN "lluna" ;
+   mother_N2 = deN2 (regFN "mare") ;    -- fem
+   mountain_N = regFN "muntanya" ;
+   music_N = regFN "música" ;
+   narrow_A = regADeg "estret" ;
+   new_A = compADeg (mkA "nou" "nova" "nous" "noves" "novament") ;
+   newspaper_N = regMN "diari" ;        -- periòdic  
+   oil_N = regMN "oli" ;
+   old_A =  regADeg "vell" ;
+   open_V2 = dirV2 (regV "obrir") ;
+   paint_V2A = mkV2A (regV "pintar") accusative (mkPrep "en") ;
+   paper_N = regMN "paper" ;
+   paris_PN = mkPN "Paris" masculine ;
+   peace_N = regFN "pau" ;
+   pen_N = regMN "llapis" ;
+   planet_N = regMN "planeta" ;
+   plastic_N = regMN "plàstic" ;
+   play_V2 = dirV2 (regV "jugar") ;
+   policeman_N = regMN "policia" ;  -- fem refers to the institution
+   priest_N = regMN "capellà" ;     -- masc
+   probable_AS = mkAS (regA "probable") ; 
+   queen_N = regN "reina" ;
+   radio_N = regFN "ràdio" ;
+   rain_V0 = mkV0 (verbV (moure_72 "ploure")) ;
+   read_V2 = dirV2 (verbV (servir_101 "llegir")) ;
+   red_A = regADeg "vermell" ;
+   religion_N = mkN "religió" "religions" feminine ;
+   restaurant_N = regMN "restaurant" ;      
+   river_N = regMN "riu" ;
+   rock_N = regFN "roca" ;
+   roof_N = regFN "teulada" ;
+   rubber_N = regFN "goma" ;
+   run_V = verbV (córrer_30 "córrer") ;
+   say_VS = mkVS (verbV (dir_41 "dir")) ;
+   school_N = regFN "escola" ;
+   science_N = regFN "ciència" ;
+   sea_N = regMN "mar" ;            -- masc & fem 
+   seek_V2 = dirV2 (verbV (trencar_112 "buscar")) ;
+   see_V2 = dirV2 (verbV (veure_118 "veure")) ;
+   sell_V3 = dirV3 (verbV (vendre_116 "vendre")) dative ;
+   send_V3 = dirV3 (regV "enviar") dative ;
+   sheep_N = regFN "ovella" ;   -- xai
+   ship_N = regMN "vaixell" ;
+   shirt_N = regFN "camisa" ;
+   shoe_N = regFN "sabata" ;
+   shop_N = regFN "botiga" ;
+   short_A = regADeg "curt" ; --- breu
+   silver_N = regFN "plata" ;
+   sister_N = regFN "germana" ;
+   sleep_V = verbV (dormir_44 "dormir") ;
+   small_A = prefA (regADeg "petit") ;
+   snake_N = regFN "serp" ;     -- fem
+   sock_N = regMN "mitjó" ;
+   speak_V2 = dirV2 (regV "parlar") ;
+   star_N = regFN "estrella" ;
+   steel_N = regMN "acer" ;
+   stone_N = regFN "pedra" ;
+   stove_N = regMN "forn" ; 
+   student_N = regN "estudiant" ;   -- used both for fem & masc
+   stupid_A = regADeg "estúpid" ;
+   sun_N = regMN "sol" ;    
+   switch8off_V2 = dirV2 (verbV (pregar_86 "apagar")) ;
+   switch8on_V2 = dirV2 (verbV (atendre_8 "encendre")) ;
+   table_N = regFN "taula" ; 
+   talk_V3 = mkV3 (regV "parlar") dative genitive ;
+   teacher_N = regMN "mestre" ;     -- mestra
+   teach_V2 = dirV2 (regV "ensenyar") ;
+   television_N = mkN "televisió" "televisions" feminine ;  -- televisor masc
+   thick_A = compADeg (mkA "gruixut" "gruixuda" "gruixuts" "gruixudes" "gruixudament") ;
+   thin_A = compADeg (mkA "fi" "fina" "fins" "fines" "finament") ;
+   train_N = regMN "tren" ;
+   travel_V = verbV (envejar_48 "viatjar") ;
+   tree_N = regMN "arbre" ;
+  --- trousers_N = regN "pantalón" ;    -- masc
+   ugly_A = compADeg (mkA "lleig" "lletja" "lletjos" "lletges" "lletjament") ;
+   understand_V2 = dirV2 (verbV (atendre_8 "entendre")) ;
+   university_N = regFN "universitat" ;
+   village_N = regMN "poble" ;
+   wait_V2 = mkV2 (regV "esperar") dative ;
+   walk_V = regV "caminar" ;
+   warm_A = regADeg "tebi" ;
+   war_N = regFN "guerra" ;
+   watch_V2 = dirV2 (regV "mirar") ;
+   water_N = regFN "aigua" ;
+   white_A = compADeg (mkA "blanc" "blanca" "blancs" "blanques" "blancament") ;
+   window_N = regFN "finestra" ;
+   wine_N = regMN "vi" ;
+   win_V2 = dirV2 (regV "guanyar") ;
+   woman_N = regFN "dona" ;
+   wonder_VQ = mkVQ (reflV (regV "preguntar")) ;
+   wood_N = regFN "fusta" ;
+   write_V2 = dirV2 (verbV (escriure_50 "escriure")) ;
+   yellow_A = compADeg (mkA "groc" "groga" "grocs" "grogues" "grogament") ;
+   young_A = compADeg (mkA "jove" "jove" "joves" "joves" "jovement") ;
+   do_V2 =  dirV2 (verbV (fer_56 "fer")) ;
+   now_Adv = mkAdv "ara" ;
+   already_Adv = mkAdv "ja" ;
+   song_N = mkN "cançó" "cançons" feminine ;
+   add_V3 = dirV3 (regV "sumar") dative ;
+   number_N = regMN "número" ;
+   put_V2 = dirV2 (regV "posar") ;
+   stop_V = regV "aturar" ; 
+   jump_V = regV "saltar" ;
+   left_Ord = M.mkOrd (regA "esquerra") ;
+   right_Ord = M.mkOrd (regA "dreta") ;
+   far_Adv = mkAdv "lluny" ;
+   correct_A = regA "correcte" ;
+   dry_A = regA "sec" ;
+   dull_A = regA "balb" ;
+   full_A = regA "ple" ;
+   heavy_A = regA "pesat" ;
+   near_A = regA "proper" ;
+   rotten_A = regA "podrit" ;
+   round_A = regA "rodó" ;
+   sharp_A = regA "esmolat" ; -- punxegut
+   smooth_A = regA "llis" ;
+   straight_A = regA "directe" ;
+   wet_A = regA "moll" ;
+   wide_A = regA "extens" ;
+   animal_N = regMN "animal" ;           -- masc (sometimes fem when adj)
+   ashes_N = regMN "cendra" ;
+   back_N = regFN "esquena" ;
+   bark_N = regFN "escorça" ;
+   belly_N = regFN "panxa" ;
+   blood_N = regFN "sang" ;
+   bone_N = regMN "os" ;
+   breast_N = regFN "sina" ;             -- pit
+   cloud_N = regMN "núvol" ;
+   day_N = regMN "dia" ;
+   dust_N = regFN "pols" ;
+   ear_N = regFN "orella" ;
+   earth_N = regFN "terra" ;
+   egg_N = regMN "ou" ;
+   eye_N = regMN "ull" ;
+   fat_N = regMN "greix" ;
+   feather_N = regFN "pluma" ;
+   fingernail_N = regFN "ungla" ;
+   fire_N = regMN "foc" ;
+   flower_N = regFN "flor" ;
+   fog_N = regFN "boira" ;
+   foot_N = regMN "peu" ;
+   forest_N = regMN "bosc" ;
+   grass_N = regFN "herba" ;             
+   guts_N = regMN "budell" ;
+   hair_N = regMN "cabell" ;
+   hand_N = regFN "mà" ;
+   head_N = regMN "cap" ;
+   heart_N = regMN "cor" ;
+   horn_N = regFN "banya" ;
+   husband_N = regMN "marit" ;  -- espòs
+   ice_N = regMN "gel" ;
+   knee_N = regMN "genoll" ;
+   leaf_N = regFN "fulla" ;
+   leg_N = regFN "cama" ;
+   liver_N = regMN "fetge" ;
+   louse_N = regMN "poll" ;
+   mouth_N = regFN "boca" ;
+   name_N = regMN "nom" ;
+   neck_N = regMN "coll" ;
+   night_N = regFN "nit" ;
+   nose_N = regMN "nas" ;
+   person_N = regFN "persona" ;
+   rain_N = regFN "pluja" ;
+   road_N = regMN "carrer" ;               
+   root_N = regFN "arrel" ;
+   rope_N = regN "corda" ;
+   salt_N = regFN "sal" ;
+   sand_N = regFN "sorra" ;
+   seed_N = regFN "llavor" ;
+   skin_N = regFN "pell" ;        -- fem
+   sky_N = regMN "cel" ;
+   smoke_N = regMN "fum" ;
+   snow_N = regFN "neu" ;       -- fem
+   stick_N = regMN "bastó"  ;               
+   tail_N = regFN "cua" ;
+   tongue_N = regFN "llengua" ;
+   tooth_N = regFN "dent" ;
+   wife_N = regFN "esposa" ;
+   wind_N = regMN "vent" ;
+   wing_N = regFN "ala" ;
+   worm_N = regMN "cuc" ;             
+   year_N = regMN "any" ;
+   bite_V2 = dirV2 (regV "mossegar") ;
+   blow_V = regV "bufar" ;
+   burn_V = regV "cremar" ;
+   count_V2 = dirV2 (regV "comptar") ;
+   cut_V2 = dirV2 (regV "tallar") ;
+   dig_V = regV "cavar" ;
+   fall_V = verbV (caure_18 "caure") ;
+   fear_V2 = dirV2 (verbV (témer_107 "témer")) ;
+   fight_V2 = dirV2 (regV "lluitar") ;
+   float_V = regV "surar" ;
+   flow_V = regV "circular" ;
+   fly_V = regV "volar" ;
+   freeze_V = regV "congelar" ;
+   give_V3 = dirdirV3 (verbV (donar_43 "donar")) ;
+   hit_V2 = dirV2 (regV "picar") ;
+   hold_V2 = dirV2 (verbV (obtenir_78 "sostenir")) ;
+   hunt_V2 = dirV2 (regV "caçar") ;
+   kill_V2 = dirV2 (regV "matar") ;
+   laugh_V = verbV (riure_96 "riure") ; 
+   lie_V = reflV (regV "jeure") ;
+   play_V = verbV (pregar_86 "jugar") ;
+   pull_V2 = dirV2 (regV "tibar") ;
+   push_V2 = dirV2 (verbV (atènyer_59 "empènyer")) ;
+   rub_V2 = dirV2 (verbV (pregar_86 "refregar")) ;
+   scratch_V2 = dirV2 (regV "gratar") ;
+   sew_V = regV "cosir" ;
+   sing_V = regV "cantar" ;
+   sit_V = reflV (regV "seure") ;
+   smell_V = verbV (cantar_15 "ensumar") ;
+   spit_V = verbV (escopir_49 "escopir") ;
+   split_V2 = dirV2 (regV "separar") ; -- dividir,) ;
+   squeeze_V2 = dirV2 (regV "exprèmer") ;
+   stab_V2 = dirV2 (regV "apunyalar") ;
+   stand_V = verbV (estar_54 "estar") ; ---- "estar dret"
+   suck_V2 = dirV2 (regV "xuclar") ;
+   swell_V = regV "inflar" ;
+   swim_V = regV "nedar" ;
+   think_V = regV "pensar" ;
+   throw_V2 = dirV2 (verbV (començar_22 "llençar")) ;
+   tie_V2 = dirV2 (verbV (pregar_86 "lligar")) ;
+   turn_V = verbV (pregar_86 "doblegar") ;
+   vomit_V = verbV (envejar_48 "vomitar") ;
+   wash_V2 = dirV2 (regV "rentar") ;
+   wipe_V2 = dirV2 (verbV (pregar_86 "eixugar")) ;
+   breathe_V = regV "respirar" ;
+   john_PN = mkPN "Joan" masculine ;
+   today_Adv = mkAdv "avui" ;
+
+  grammar_N = regFN "gramàtica" ;
+  language_N = regFN "llengua" ;
+  rule_N = regFN "regla" ;
+  question_N = regFN "pregunta" ;
+  ready_A = regA "preparat" ;
+  reason_N = regFN "raó" ;
+  uncertain_A = regA "incert" ;
+
+} ;

lib/next-resource/catalan/MorphoCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../common:../../prelude
+
+----1 A Simple Catalan Resource Morphology
+----
+---- Aarne Ranta 2002 -- 2005
+----
+---- This resource morphology contains definitions needed in the resource
+---- syntax. To build a lexicon, it is better to use $ParadigmsCat$, which
+---- gives a higher-level access to this module.
+--
+resource MorphoCat = CommonRomance, ResCat ** 
+  open PhonoCat, Prelude, Predef in {
+--
+--  flags optimize=all ;
+--
+--
+----2 Nouns
+----
+---- The following macro is useful for creating the forms of number-dependent
+---- tables, such as common nouns.
+--
+oper
+  numForms : (_,_ : Str) -> Number => Str = \vi, vins ->
+    table {Sg => vi ; Pl => vins} ; 
+
+-- For example:
+
+  nomHome : Str -> Number => Str = \home -> 
+    numForms home (home + "s") ;
+    
+  nomDona : Str -> Number => Str = \dona ->
+  	numForms dona (init dona + "es") ;
+  	
+  nomDisc : Str -> Number => Str = \disc ->
+  	numForms disc (variants {disc + "s"; disc + "os"}) ; 
+
+--  nomPilar : Str -> Number => Str = \pilar -> 
+--    numForms pilar (pilar + "es") ;
+--
+--  nomTram : Str -> Number => Str = \tram ->
+--    numForms tram tram ;
+--
+-- Common nouns are inflected in number and have an inherent gender.
+
+  mkNoun : (Number => Str) -> Gender -> Noun = \noinois,gen -> 
+    {s = noinois ; g = gen} ;
+
+  mkNounIrreg : Str -> Str -> Gender -> Noun = \vi,vins -> 
+    mkNoun (numForms vi vins) ;
+
+  mkNomReg : Str -> Noun = \noi ->
+    case last noi of {
+      "o" | "e" => mkNoun (nomHome noi) Masc ; 
+      "a" => mkNoun (nomDona noi) Fem ;
+      "c" => mkNoun (nomDisc noi) Masc ;
+      --- "u" => mkNounIrreg mec (init mec + "ces") Fem ;
+      _   => mkNoun (nomHome noi) Masc
+      } ;
+
+----2 Adjectives
+----
+-- Adjectives are conveniently seen as gender-dependent nouns.
+-- Here are some patterns. First one that describes the worst case.
+
+  mkAdj : (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Adj = \petit,petita,petits,petites,petitament ->
+    {s = table {
+       AF Masc n => numForms petit petits ! n ;
+       AF Fem  n => numForms petita petites ! n ;
+       AA        => petitament
+       }
+    } ;
+
+---- Then the regular and invariant patterns.
+--
+--  adjfort : Str -> Adj = \solo -> 
+--    let 
+--      sol = Predef.tk 1 solo
+--    in
+--    mkAdj solo (sol + "a") (sol + "os") (sol + "as") (sol + "amente") ;
+--
+  adjFort : Str -> Adj = \fort -> 
+    mkAdj fort (fort + "a") (fort + "s") (fort + "es") (fort + "ament") ;
+--
+--  adjBlu : Str -> Adj = \blu -> 
+--    mkAdj blu blu blu blu blu ; --- 
+--
+  mkAdjReg : Str -> Adj = \fort -> adjFort fort ;
+{-
+    case last solo of {
+      "o" => adjSolo solo ;
+      --- "e" => adjUtil solo (solo + "s") ;
+	  "a" => 
+      _   => adjUtil solo (solo + "es")
+      } ;
+-}
+--
+----2 Personal pronouns
+----
+---- All the eight personal pronouns can be built by the following macro.
+---- The use of "ne" as atonic genitive is debatable.
+---- We follow the rule that the atonic nominative is empty.
+--
+  mkPronoun : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> 
+              Gender -> Number -> Person -> Pronoun =
+    \il,le,lui,Lui,son,sa,ses,see,g,n,p ->
+    {s = table {
+       Ton Nom => il ;
+       Ton x => prepCase x ++ Lui ;
+       Aton Nom => strOpt il ; ---- [] ;
+       Aton Acc => le ;
+       Aton (CPrep P_a) => lui ;
+       Aton q       => prepCase q ++ Lui ; ---- GF bug with c or p! 
+       Poss {n = Sg ; g = Masc} => son ;
+       Poss {n = Sg ; g = Fem}  => sa ;
+       Poss {n = Pl ; g = Masc} => ses ;
+       Poss {n = Pl ; g = Fem}  => see
+       } ;
+     a = {g = g ; n = n ; p = p} ;
+     hasClit = True
+    } ;
+--
+--
+----2 Determiners
+----
+---- Determiners, traditionally called indefinite pronouns, are inflected
+---- in gender and number, like adjectives.
+--
+  pronForms : Adj -> Gender -> Number -> Str = \tale,g,n -> tale.s ! AF g n ;
+--
+}

lib/next-resource/catalan/NounCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete NounCat of Noun = CatCat ** NounRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResCat) ;

lib/next-resource/catalan/NumeralCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+concrete NumeralCat of Numeral = CatCat ** 
+  open CommonRomance, ResRomance, MorphoCat, Prelude in {
+
+--
+-- gcc M3.5.1, M3.5.2
+--
+    
+lincat 
+  Digit = {s : DForm => CardOrd => Str} ;
+  Sub10 = {s : DForm => CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} ;
+  Sub100 = {s : CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} ;
+  Sub1000 = {s : CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} ;
+  Sub1000000 = {s : CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} ;
+
+	
+-- Auxiliaries
+
+oper
+	-- Use cardinal for big ordinals [M3.5.2]
+	cent : Number => CardOrd => Str = \\n,co => case n of {
+			Pl => case co of {
+				NCard Masc => "-cents" ;
+				NCard Fem => "-centes" ;
+				_ => "-cents" ---- variants {} ---- AR 23/6/2008
+                                } ;
+			Sg => "cent" 
+		} ;
+	cardOrd1 : CardOrd -> (_,_,_:Str) -> Str  = \co,dos,dues,segon -> case co of {
+		NCard Masc => dos ;
+		NCard Fem => dues ;
+		NOrd Masc Sg => segon ;
+		NOrd Fem Sg => segon + "a" ;
+		NOrd Masc Pl => segon + "s" ;
+		NOrd Fem Pl => segon + "es"
+	} ;
+
+	
+	cardOrdReg : CardOrd -> Str -> Str -> Str = \co,sis,si -> case co of {
+		NCard _ => sis ;
+		NOrd Masc Sg => si + "è" ;
+		NOrd Fem Sg => si + "ena" ;
+		NOrd Masc Pl => si + "ens" ;
+		NOrd Fem Pl => si + "enes"
+	} ;
+		
+	cardOrd2 : CardOrd -> Str -> Str = \co,sis -> let si = init sis in
+		case (last sis) of {
+			"e" => cardOrdReg co sis si ;
+			"a" => cardOrdReg co sis si ;
+			"u" => cardOrdReg co sis (si + "v") ;
+			_ => cardOrdReg co sis sis
+	} ;
+	
+	cardOrd3 : CardOrd -> (m,f:Str) -> Str = \co,dos,dues -> case co of {
+		NCard Masc => dos ;
+		NCard Fem => dues ;
+		NOrd Masc Sg => dos + "è" ;
+		NOrd Fem Sg => dos + "ena" ;
+		NOrd Masc Pl => dos + "ens" ;
+		NOrd Fem Pl => dos + "enes"
+	} ;
+
+	
+	digitPl1 : (u,t,d,dp:Str) -> (fem,ord:Str) ->  {s: DForm => CardOrd => Str} = \dos,dotze,vint,vinti,dues,segon -> {
+	 s = \\df,co =>
+		case df of {
+			unit => cardOrd1 co dos dues segon ;
+			teen => cardOrd2 co dotze ;
+			ten => cardOrd2 co vint ;
+			tenplus => cardOrd2 co vinti ;
+			_ => cardOrd3 co dos dues
+			} 
+		} ;
+
+	digitPl2 : (u,t,d,dp:Str) -> {s: DForm => CardOrd => Str} = \sis,setze,seixanta,seixantai -> {
+	 s = \\df,co => case df of {
+			unit => cardOrd2 co sis;
+			teen => cardOrd2 co setze ;
+			ten => cardOrd2 co seixanta ;
+			tenplus => cardOrd2 co seixantai ;
+			_ => cardOrd2 co sis 
+			}
+		} ;
+
+
+lin
+	num x = x ;
+
+	n2 = digitPl1 "dos" "dotze" "vint" "vint-i-" "dues" "segon" ;
+	n3 = digitPl1 "tres" "tretze" "trenta" "trenta-" "tres" "tercer" ;
+	n4 = digitPl1 "quatre" "catorze" "quaranta" "quaranta-" "quatre" "quart" ;
+	n5 = digitPl1 "cinc" "quinze" "cinquanta" "cinquanta-" "cinc" "quint" ;
+	n6 = digitPl2 "sis" "setze" "seixanta" "seixanta-" ;
+	n7 = digitPl2 "set" "disset" "setanta" "setanta-" ;
+	n8 = digitPl2 "vuit" "divuit" "vuitanta" "vuitanta-" ;
+	n9 = digitPl2 "nou" "dinou" "noranta" "noranta-" ;
+
+	pot01 = {s= \\df,co =>
+		case df of {
+			unit => cardOrd1 co "un" "una" "primer" ;
+			teen => cardOrd2 co "onze" ;
+			ten => cardOrd2 co "deu" ;
+			tenplus => variants {} ;
+			OrdF => cardOrd2 co "un" ;
+			Aunit => [] 
+		};
+		n= Sg} ;
+
+	pot0 d = d ** {n= Pl} ;
+	pot110 = {s= \\co => cardOrdReg co "deu" "des"; n= Pl} ; 
+	pot111 = {s= \\co => cardOrd2 co "onze"; n= Pl} ;
+	pot1to19 d = {s= \\co => d.s ! teen ! co ; n= Pl} ;
+	pot0as1 n = {s= n.s ! unit; n= n.n} ;
+	pot1 d = {s= \\co => d.s ! ten ! co; n= Pl} ;
+	pot1plus d e =
+		{s= \\co => ((d.s ! tenplus ! (NCard Masc)) ++ (e.s ! OrdF ! co)); n= Pl} ;
+	pot1as2 n = n ;
+	pot2 d = {s= \\co => (d.s ! Aunit ! co) ++ (cent ! (d.n) ! co); n= Pl} ;
+	pot2plus d n = {
+		s= \\co => (d.s ! Aunit ! co) ++ (cent ! (d.n) ! co) ++ (n.s ! co);
+		n= Pl} ;
+	pot2as3 n = n ;
+	pot3 n = {s= \\co => (table {Sg => []; Pl => (n.s ! co) } ! n.n) ++ "mil"; n= Pl} ;
+	pot3plus n m = 
+		{s= \\co => (table {Sg => []; Pl => (n.s ! co)} ! n.n) ++ "mil" ++ (m.s !co);
+		n= Pl} ;
+	
+
+param
+	DForm = unit | teen | ten | tenplus | Aunit | OrdF ;
+
+-- numerals as sequences of digits
+
+  lincat 
+    Dig = TDigit ;
+
+  lin
+    IDig d = d ;
+
+    IIDig d i = {
+      s = \\o => d.s ! NCard Masc ++ i.s ! o ;
+      n = Pl
+    } ;
+
+    D_0 = mkDig "0" ;
+    D_1 = mk3Dig "1" "1:o" Sg ; ---- gender
+    D_2 = mk2Dig "2" "2:o" ;
+    D_3 = mk2Dig "3" "3:o" ;
+    D_4 = mkDig "4" ;
+    D_5 = mkDig "5" ;
+    D_6 = mkDig "6" ;
+    D_7 = mkDig "7" ;
+    D_8 = mkDig "8" ;
+    D_9 = mkDig "9" ;
+
+  oper
+    mk2Dig : Str -> Str -> TDigit = \c,o -> mk3Dig c o Pl ;
+    mkDig : Str -> TDigit = \c -> mk2Dig c (c + ":o") ;
+
+    mk3Dig : Str -> Str -> Number -> TDigit = \c,o,n -> {
+      s = table {NCard _ => c ; NOrd _ _ => o} ; ---- gender
+      n = n
+      } ;
+
+    TDigit = {
+      n : Number ;
+      s : CardOrd => Str
+    } ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/catalan/ParadigmsCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
+
+----1 Catalan Lexical Paradigms
+----
+---- Aarne Ranta 2003
+----
+---- This is an API to the user of the resource grammar 
+---- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
+---- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
+---- 
+---- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
+---- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$. 
+----
+---- The main difference with $MorphoCat.gf$ is that the types
+---- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
+---- had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather
+---- than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms.
+----
+---- The structure of functions for each word class $C$ is the following:
+---- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
+---- regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function $mkC$, which serves as an
+---- escape to construct the most irregular words of type $C$.
+--
+resource ParadigmsCat = 
+  open 
+    (Predef=Predef), 
+    Prelude, 
+    CommonRomance, 
+    ResCat, 
+    MorphoCat, 
+    BeschCat,
+    CatCat in {
+
+ flags optimize=all ;
+--
+----2 Parameters 
+----
+---- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
+--
+oper
+  Gender : Type ; 
+
+  masculine : Gender ;
+  feminine  : Gender ;
+
+---- To abstract over number names, we define the following.
+--
+--  Number : Type ; 
+--
+--  singular : Number ;
+--  plural   : Number ;
+--
+-- Prepositions used in many-argument functions are either strings
+-- (including the 'accusative' empty string) or strings that
+-- amalgamate with the following word (the 'genitive' "de" and the
+-- 'dative' "a").
+
+ --- Preposition : Type ;
+
+  accusative : Prep ;
+  genitive   : Prep ;
+  dative     : Prep ;
+
+  mkPrep : Str -> Prep ;
+
+
+--2 Nouns
+
+-- Worst case: two forms (singular + plural),
+-- and the gender.
+
+    mkN  : (_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> N ;   -- uomo, uomini, masculine
+
+-- The regular function takes the singular form and the gender,
+-- and computes the plural and the gender by a heuristic. 
+-- The heuristic says that the gender is feminine for nouns
+-- ending with "a" or "z", and masculine for all other words.
+-- Nouns ending with "a", "o", "e" have the plural with "s",
+-- those ending with "z" have "ces" in plural; all other nouns
+-- have "es" as plural ending. The accent is not dealt with.
+
+    regN : Str -> N ;
+
+-- To force a different gender, use one of the following functions.
+
+    mascN : N -> N ;
+    femN  : N -> N ;
+
+--3 Compound nouns 
+--
+-- Some nouns are ones where the first part is inflected as a noun but
+-- the second part is not inflected. e.g. "número de telèfon". 
+-- They could be formed in syntax, but we give a shortcut here since
+-- they are frequent in lexica.
+
+    compN : N -> Str -> N ;
+
+
+--3 Relational nouns 
+-- 
+-- Relational nouns ("filla de x") need a case and a preposition. 
+
+  mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ;
+
+-- The most common cases are the genitive "de" and the dative "a", 
+-- with the empty preposition.
+
+  deN2 : N -> N2 ;
+  -- aN2  : N -> N2 ; s'usa ?
+
+-- Three-place relational nouns ("la connexió de x a y") need two prepositions.
+
+  mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
+
+
+----3 Relational common noun phrases
+----
+---- In some cases, you may want to make a complex $CN$ into a
+---- relational noun (e.g. "the old town hall of"). However, $N2$ and
+---- $N3$ are purely lexical categories. But you can use the $AdvCN$
+---- and $PrepNP$ constructions to build phrases like this.
+--
+---- 
+--3 Proper names and noun phrases
+--
+-- Proper names need a string and a gender.
+
+  mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ;          -- Joan
+
+-- To form a noun phrase that can also be plural,
+-- you can use the worst-case function.
+
+  makeNP : Str -> Gender -> Number -> NP ; 
+
+----2 Adjectives
+--
+---- Non-comparison one-place adjectives need five forms in the worst
+---- case (masc and fem singular, masc plural, adverbial).
+--
+    mkA : (fort,forta,forts,fortes, fortament : Str) -> A ;
+--
+-- For regular adjectives, all other forms are derived from the
+-- masculine singular. The types of adjectives that are recognized are
+-- "alto", "fuerte", "util".
+
+  regA : Str -> A ;
+
+---- These functions create postfix adjectives. To switch
+---- them to prefix ones (i.e. ones placed before the noun in
+---- modification, as in "petite maison"), the following function is
+---- provided.
+--
+    prefA : A -> A ;
+--
+----3 Two-place adjectives
+----
+---- Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
+--
+      mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
+--
+----3 Comparison adjectives 
+--
+---- Comparison adjectives are in the worst case put up from two
+---- adjectives: the positive ("bueno"), and the comparative ("mejor"). 
+--
+    mkADeg : A -> A -> A ;
+--
+-- If comparison is formed by "més", as usual in Catalan,
+-- the following pattern is used:
+
+  compADeg : A -> A ;
+
+---- The regular pattern is the same as $regA$ for plain adjectives, 
+---- with comparison by "mas".
+--
+    regADeg : Str -> A ;
+--
+--
+----2 Adverbs
+
+-- Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
+-- after the verb. 
+
+  mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
+
+---- Some appear next to the verb (e.g. "siempre").
+--
+    mkAdV : Str -> AdV ;
+--
+---- Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
+--
+    mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
+--
+--
+--2 Verbs
+--
+-- Regular verbs are ones inflected like "cantar", "servir"/"dormir", or "perdre"/"treure".
+-- The regular verb function is the first conjugation ("ar") recognizes
+-- the variations corresponding to the patterns
+-- "actuar, cazar, guiar, pagar, sacar". The module $BeschCat$ gives
+-- the complete set of "Bescherelle" conjugations.
+
+  regV : Str -> V ;
+
+---- The module $BeschCat$ gives all the patterns of the "Bescherelle"
+---- book. To use them in the category $V$, wrap them with the function
+
+  verbV : Verbum -> V ;
+
+---- To form reflexive verbs:
+--
+    reflV : V -> V ;
+--
+-- Verbs with a deviant passive participle: just give the participle
+-- in masculine singular form as second argument.
+
+  special_ppV : V -> Str -> V ; 
+
+--3 Two-place verbs
+--
+-- Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
+-- (transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the $V$.
+
+  mkV2  : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
+
+  dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
+
+---- You can reuse a $V2$ verb in $V$.
+--
+--  v2V : V2 -> V ;
+--
+----3 Three-place verbs
+----
+---- Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
+---- the first one or both can be absent.
+
+  mkV3     : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ; -- parlar, a, de
+  dirV3    : V -> Prep -> V3 ;                -- donar,_,a
+  dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ;                               -- donar,_,_
+
+----3 Other complement patterns
+----
+---- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
+---- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
+--
+  mkV0  : V -> V0 ;
+  mkVS  : V -> VS ;
+  mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ;
+  mkVV  : V -> VV ;  -- plain infinitive: "je veux parler"
+--  deVV  : V -> VV ;  -- "j'essaie de parler"
+--  aVV   : V -> VV ;  -- "j'arrive à parler"
+  mkV2V : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V ;
+--  mkVA  : V -> VA ;
+  mkV2A : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A ;
+  mkVQ  : V -> VQ ;
+  mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q ;
+--
+    mkAS  : A -> AS ;
+
+--  mkA2S : A -> Preposition -> A2S ;
+    mkAV  : A -> Prep -> AV ;
+    mkA2V : A -> Prep -> Prep -> A2V ;
+--
+---- Notice: categories $V2S, V2V, V2Q$ are in v 1.0 treated
+---- just as synonyms of $V2$, and the second argument is given
+---- as an adverb. Likewise $AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$.
+---- $V0$ is just $V$.
+--
+  V0 : Type ;
+  AS, A2S, AV, A2V  : Type ;
+--
+--
+----2 The definitions of the paradigms
+----
+---- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
+---- hidden from the document.
+----.
+
+  Gender = MorphoCat.Gender ; 
+  Number = MorphoCat.Number ;
+  masculine = Masc ;
+  feminine = Fem ;
+  singular = Sg ;
+  plural = Pl ;
+
+  --- Preposition = Compl ;
+  accusative = complAcc ;
+  genitive = complGen ;
+  dative = complDat ;
+  mkPrep p = {s = p ; c = Acc ; isDir = False; lock_Prep = <>} ;
+--
+--
+  mkN x y g = mkNounIrreg x y g ** {lock_N = <>} ;
+  regN x = mkNomReg x ** {lock_N = <>} ;
+  compN x y = {s = \\n => x.s ! n ++ y ; g = x.g ; lock_N = <>} ;
+  femN x = {s = x.s ; g = feminine ; lock_N = <>} ;
+  mascN x = {s = x.s ; g = masculine ; lock_N = <>} ;
+
+  mkN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = p} ;
+  deN2 n = mkN2 n genitive ;
+--  aN2 n = mkN2 n dative ;   -- s'usa ?
+  mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = p ; c3 = q} ;
+
+  mkPN x g = {s = x ; g = g} ** {lock_PN = <>} ;
+  makeNP x g n = {s = (pn2np (mkPN x g)).s; a = agrP3 g n ; hasClit = False} ** {lock_NP = <>} ;
+--
+  mkA a b c d e = 
+    compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj a b c d e).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  regA a = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdjReg a).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  prefA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; lock_A = <>} ;
+--
+   mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = p ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
+--
+  mkADeg a b = 
+   {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => b.s ! Posit} ; 
+    isPre = a.isPre ; lock_A = <>} ;
+ compADeg a = 
+   {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => \\f => "més" ++ a.s ! Posit ! f} ; 
+    isPre = a.isPre ;
+    lock_A = <>} ;
+  regADeg a = compADeg (regA a) ;
+
+  mkAdv x = ss x ** {lock_Adv = <>} ;
+--  mkAdV x = ss x ** {lock_AdV = <>} ;
+--  mkAdA x = ss x ** {lock_AdA = <>} ;
+--
+  regV x = -- cantar 
+    let 
+      ar = Predef.dp 2 x ;
+      z  = Predef.dp 1 (Predef.tk 2 x) ;
+      verb = case ar of {
+          "re" => viure_119 x ;
+          "ir" => patir_81 x ;
+          _    => cantar_15 x  
+        }
+--        "er" =>  deber_6 x ;
+--        _ => case z of {
+--           "u" => actuar_9 x ;
+--           "z" => cazar_21 x ;
+--           "i" => guiar_43 x ;
+--           "g" => pagar_53 x ;
+--           "c" => sacar_72 x ;
+--           _   => cortar_5 x
+--            }
+    in verbBesch verb ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+
+  reflV v = {s = v.s ; vtyp = VRefl ; lock_V = <>} ;
+
+  verbV ve = verbBesch ve ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+
+   special_ppV ve pa = {
+    s = table {
+      VPart g n => (adjFort pa).s ! AF g n ;
+      p => ve.s ! p
+      } ;
+    lock_V = <> ;
+    vtyp = VHabere
+    } ;
+
+
+  mkV2 v p = {s = v.s ; vtyp = v.vtyp ; c2 = p ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
+  dirV2 v = mkV2 v accusative ;
+--  v2V v = v ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+--
+  mkV3 v p q = {s = v.s ; vtyp = v.vtyp ; 
+    c2 = p ; c3 = q ; lock_V3 = <>} ;
+  dirV3 v p = mkV3 v accusative p ;
+  dirdirV3 v = dirV3 v dative ;
+--
+  V0 : Type = V ;
+  AS, AV : Type = A ;
+  A2S, A2V : Type = A2 ;
+--
+  mkV0  v = v ** {lock_V0 = <>} ;
+  mkVS  v = v ** {m = \\_ => Indic ; lock_VS = <>} ;  ---- more moods
+  mkV2S v p = mkV2 v p ** {mn,mp = Indic ; lock_V2S = <>} ;
+  mkVV  v = v ** {c2 = complAcc ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+--  deVV  v = v ** {c2 = complGen ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+--  aVV  v = v ** {c2 = complDat ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+  mkV2V v p t = mkV3 v p t ** { lock_V2V = <>} ;
+--  mkVA  v = v ** {lock_VA = <>} ;
+  mkV2A v p q = mkV3 v p q ** {lock_V2A = <>} ;
+    mkVQ  v = v ** {lock_VQ = <>} ;
+    mkV2Q v p = mkV2 v p ** {lock_V2Q = <>} ;
+--
+    mkAS  v = v ** {lock_AS = <>} ; ---- more moods
+--  mkA2S v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A2S = <>} ;
+    mkAV  v p = v ** {c = p.p1 ; s2 = p.p2 ; lock_AV = <>} ;
+    mkA2V v p q = mkA2 v p ** {s3 = q.p2 ; c3 = q.p1 ; lock_A2V = <>} ;
+--
+} ;

lib/next-resource/catalan/PhonoCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+--# -path=../common:prelude
+
+resource PhonoCat = open Prelude in {
+
+--3 Elision
+--
+-- The phonological rule of *elision* can be defined as follows in GF.
+-- In Catalan it includes both vowels and 'h'.
+
+---TODO: L'elisi— depŽn de la tonicitat.
+
+oper 
+  vocal : Strs = strs {
+    "a" ; "ˆ" ;
+	"e" ; "<22>" ; "Ž" ; "o" ; "˜" ; "—" ;
+	"i" ; "’" ; "•" ; "u" ; "œ" ; "Ÿ" ;  "h" 
+	} ;
+  
+  vocalForta : Strs = strs {
+	"a" ; "ˆ" ; "ha" ; "hˆ" ;
+	"e" ; "<22>" ; "Ž" ; "he" ; "h<>" ; "hŽ" ;
+	"o" ; "˜" ; "—" ; "ho" ; "h˜" ; "h—" ;
+	"’"  ; "œ" ; "h’" ; "hœ" ; 
+	} ;
+	
+  vocalFeble : Strs = strs {
+	"i" ; "•" ; "u" ; "Ÿ" ;
+	"hi" ; "h•" ; "hu" ; "hŸ" ;
+	} ;
+	
+	
+elisDe = pre { "de" ; "d'" / vocal };
+elisEl = pre { "el" ; "l'" / vocal } ;
+elisLa = pre { "la" ; "l'" / vocalForta } ;
+elisEm = pre { "em" ; "m'" / vocal } ;
+elisEt = pre { "et" ; "t'" / vocal } ;
+elisEs = pre {
+			pre { "es" ; "s'" / vocal} ;
+			"se" / strs { "s" } } ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/catalan/PhraseCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete PhraseCat of Phrase = CatCat ** PhraseRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResCat) ;

lib/next-resource/catalan/QuestionCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete QuestionCat of Question = CatCat ** QuestionRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResCat) ;

lib/next-resource/catalan/RelativeCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete RelativeCat of Relative = CatCat ** RelativeRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResCat) ;

lib/next-resource/catalan/ResCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+--1 Catalan auxiliary operations.
+--
+---- This module contains operations that are needed to make the
+---- resource syntax work. To define everything that is needed to
+---- implement $Test$, it moreover contains regular lexical
+---- patterns needed for $Lex$.
+
+
+instance ResCat of ResRomance = DiffCat ** open CommonRomance, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=noexpand ;
+
+} ;

lib/next-resource/catalan/SentenceCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete SentenceCat of Sentence = CatCat ** SentenceRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResCat) ;

lib/next-resource/catalan/StructuralCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+concrete StructuralCat of Structural = CatCat ** 
+  open PhonoCat, MorphoCat, ParadigmsCat, BeschCat, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all ; coding=utf8 ;
+
+lin
+
+  above_Prep = mkPrep "sobre" ;
+  after_Prep = {s = ["després"] ; c = MorphoCat.genitive ; isDir = False} ;
+  all_Predet = {
+    s = \\a,c => prepCase c ++ aagrForms "tot" "tota" "tots" "totes" ! a ;
+    c = Nom
+    } ;
+  almost_AdA, almost_AdN = ss (variants {"quasi"; "gairebé"}) ;
+  always_AdV = ss "sempre" ;
+  although_Subj = ss "benché" ** {m = Conjunct} ;
+  and_Conj = {s1 = [] ; s2 = etConj.s ; n = Pl} ;
+  because_Subj = ss "perque" ** {m = Indic} ;
+  before_Prep = {s = "abans" ; c = MorphoCat.genitive ; isDir = False} ;
+  behind_Prep = {s = "darrera" ; c = MorphoCat.genitive ; isDir = False} ;
+  between_Prep = mkPrep "entre" ;
+  both7and_DConj = {s1,s2 = etConj.s ; n = Pl} ;
+  but_PConj = ss "però" ;
+  by8agent_Prep = mkPrep "per" ;
+  by8means_Prep = mkPrep "mitjançant" ;
+  can8know_VV = mkVV (verbV (saber_99 "saber")) ;
+  can_VV = mkVV (verbV (poder_85 "poder")) ;
+  during_Prep = mkPrep "durant" ; ----
+  either7or_DConj = {s1,s2 = "o" ; n = Sg} ;
+  everybody_NP = makeNP ["tothom"] Masc Sg ;
+  every_Det = {s,sp = \\_,_ => "cada" ; n = Sg ; s2 = []} ;
+  everything_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["tot"] Masc) ;
+  everywhere_Adv = ss ["a tot arreu"] ;
+  few_Det = {
+    s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "pocs" "poques" ! g ; n = Pl ; s2 = []} ;
+---  first_Ord = {s = \\ag => (regA "primer").s ! Posit ! AF ag.g ag.n} ;
+  for_Prep = mkPrep ["per a"] ;
+  from_Prep = complGen ; ---
+  he_Pron = 
+    mkPronoun 
+     "ell" "lo" "el" "ell"
+     ["el seu"] ["la seva"] ["els seus"] ["les seves"]
+      Masc Sg P3 ;
+  here_Adv = mkAdv "aquí" ;		-- acÌ
+  here7to_Adv = mkAdv ["cap aquí"] ;
+  here7from_Adv = mkAdv ["d'aquí"] ;
+  how_IAdv = ss "com" ;
+  how8many_IDet = 
+    {s = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "quants" "quantes" ! g ; n = Pl} ;
+  if_Subj = ss "si" ** {m = Indic} ;
+  in8front_Prep = {s = "davant" ; c = MorphoCat.genitive ; isDir = False} ;
+  i_Pron = 
+    mkPronoun
+      "jo" "em" "em" "mi"
+      ["el meu"] ["la meva"] ["els meus"] ["les meves"]
+      Fem Sg P1 ;
+  in_Prep = mkPrep "en" ;
+  it_Pron = 
+	mkPronoun 
+     "ell" "lo" "el" "ell"
+     ["el seu"] ["la seva"] ["els seus"] ["les seves"]
+     Masc Sg P3 ;
+  less_CAdv = ss "menys" ; ----
+  many_Det = {
+    s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "molts" "moltes" ! g ; n = Pl ; s2 = []} ;
+  more_CAdv = ss "més" ;
+  most_Predet = {s = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ ["la majoria"] ; c = CPrep P_de} ;
+  much_Det = {
+    s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "molt" "molta" ! g ; n = Sg ; s2 = []} ;
+  must_VV = mkVV (verbV (haver_59 "haver")) ;   -- + of_Prep
+  no_Utt = ss "no" ;
+  on_Prep = mkPrep "sobre" ;
+---  one_Quant = {s = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "un" "una" ! g} ;
+  only_Predet = {s = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "nomÈs" ; c = Nom} ;
+  or_Conj = {s1 = [] ; s2 = "o" ; n = Sg} ;
+  otherwise_PConj = ss "altrament" ;
+  part_Prep = complGen ;
+  please_Voc = ss "sisplau" ;
+  possess_Prep = complGen ;
+  quite_Adv = ss "bastant" ;
+  she_Pron = 
+    mkPronoun
+      "ella" "la" "la" "ella"
+      ["el seu"] ["la seva"] ["els seus"] ["les seves"]
+      Fem Sg P3 ;
+  so_AdA = ss "tan" ;
+  somebody_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["alg˙"] Masc) ;
+  somePl_Det = {s,sp = 
+    \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "alguns" "algunes" ! g ; n = Pl ; s2 = []} ;
+  someSg_Det = {
+    s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "algun" "alguna" ! g ; n = Sg ; s2 = []} ;
+  something_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["quelcom"] Masc) ;
+  somewhere_Adv = ss ["a algun lloc"] ;
+  that_Quant =
+    let aquell : Number => Gender => Case => Str = table {
+      Sg => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "aquell" "aquella" ! g ;
+      Pl => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "aquells" "aquelles" ! g
+      }
+    in {
+      s = \\_ => aquell ;
+      sp = aquell ;
+      s2 = []
+    } ;
+  there_Adv = mkAdv "allà" ;		-- all·
+  there7to_Adv = mkAdv ["cap a allà"] ;
+  there7from_Adv = mkAdv ["d'allà"] ;	
+  therefore_PConj = ss ["per tant"] ;
+  they_Pron = mkPronoun
+    "elles" "les" "les" "elles"
+    ["el seu"] ["la seva"] ["llurs"] ["llurs"]
+    Fem Pl P3 ;
+
+  this_Quant =
+    let aquest : Number => Gender => Case => Str = table {
+      Sg => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "aquest" "aquesta" ! g ;
+      Pl => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "aquests" "aquestes" ! g
+      }
+    in {
+      s = \\_ => aquest ;
+      sp = aquest ;
+      s2 = []
+    } ;
+  through_Prep = mkPrep "mitjançant" ;
+  too_AdA = ss "massa" ;
+  to_Prep = complDat ;
+  under_Prep = mkPrep "sota" ;
+  very_AdA = ss "molt" ;
+  want_VV = mkVV (verbV (voler_120 "voler")) ;
+  we_Pron = 
+    mkPronoun 
+      "nosaltres" "nos" "nos" "nosaltres"
+      ["el nostre"] ["la nostra"] ["els nostres"] ["les nostres"]
+      Fem Pl P1 ;
+   whatSg_IP = {s = \\c => prepCase c ++ ["què"] ; a = aagr Masc Sg} ;
+   whatPl_IP = {s = \\c => prepCase c ++ ["què"] ; a = aagr Masc Pl} ; ---
+   when_IAdv = ss "quan" ;
+   when_Subj = ss "quan" ** {m = Indic} ;
+   where_IAdv = ss "on" ;
+   which_IQuant = {s = table {
+      Sg => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ "quin" ;  --per fer: femenÌ quina
+      Pl => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ "quins"
+      }
+     } ;  --per fer: femenÌ quines
+    whoPl_IP = {s = \\c => prepCase c ++ "qui" ; a = aagr Fem Pl} ;
+    whoSg_IP = {s = \\c => prepCase c ++ "qui" ; a = aagr Fem Sg} ;
+    why_IAdv = ss ["per quË"] ;
+    without_Prep = mkPrep "sense" ;
+    with_Prep = mkPrep "amb" ;
+  yes_Utt = ss "sí" ;  
+  youSg_Pron = mkPronoun 
+    "tu" "et" "et" "tu"
+    ["el teu"] ["la teva"] ["els teus"] ["les teves"]
+    Fem Sg P2 ;
+  youPl_Pron =
+    mkPronoun
+      "vosaltres" "us" "us" "vosaltres"
+      ["el vostre"] ["la vostra"] ["els vostres"] ["les vostres"]
+      Fem Pl P2 ;
+  youPol_Pron =
+    mkPronoun
+      "vosté" "li" "li" "vosté"
+      ["el seu"] ["la seva"] ["els seus"] ["les seves"]
+      Fem Pl P2 ;
+
+oper
+  etConj : {s : Str ; n : MorphoCat.Number} = {s = "i" } ** {n = Pl} ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/catalan/VerbCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete VerbCat of Verb = CatCat ** VerbRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResCat) ;

lib/next-resource/french/AdjectiveFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete AdjectiveFre of Adjective = CatFre ** AdjectiveRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResFre) ;

lib/next-resource/french/AdverbFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete AdverbFre of Adverb = CatFre ** AdverbRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResFre) ;

lib/next-resource/french/AllFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+concrete AllFre of AllFreAbs = 
+  LangFre,
+  IrregFre,
+  ExtraFre 
+  ** {} ;

lib/next-resource/french/AllFreAbs.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+abstract AllFreAbs = 
+  Lang,
+  IrregFreAbs,
+  ExtraFreAbs
+  ** {} ;

lib/next-resource/french/BeschFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+resource BeschFre = open Prelude, MorphoFre in {
+
+flags optimize=noexpand ; -- faster and smaller than =all
+
+oper VerbeN = {s : VF => Str} ;
+oper mkNV : Verbe -> VerbeN = \ve -> {s = vvf ve} ;
+
+oper conj : Str -> Verbe = conj1aimer ;  --- temp. default
+
+oper v_nancy100inf : Str -> VerbeN = \ve -> {s = table {
+  VInfin _ => ve ;
+  _ => nonExist
+  }
+} ;
+
+
+oper v_besch1 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conjAvoir s) ;
+oper v_besch2 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conjÊtre s) ;
+-- 3-5 not used
+oper v_besch6 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj1aimer s) ;
+oper v_besch7 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj1placer s) ;
+oper v_besch8 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj1manger s) ;
+oper v_besch9 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj1peser s) ;
+oper v_besch10 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj1céder s) ;
+oper v_besch11 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj1jeter s) ;
+oper v_besch12 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj1jeter s) ;
+oper v_besch13 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj1aimer s) ;
+oper v_besch14 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj1assiéger s) ;
+oper v_besch15 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj1aimer s) ; --- ?
+oper v_besch16 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj1payer s) ;
+oper v_besch17 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj1payer s) ;
+oper v_besch18 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj1envoyer s) ;
+oper v_besch19 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj2finir s) ;
+oper v_besch20 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj2haïr s) ;
+-- oper v_besch21 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj s) ; -- not used
+oper v_besch22 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3aller s) ;
+oper v_besch23 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3tenir s) ;
+oper v_besch24 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3quérir s) ;
+oper v_besch25 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3sentir s) ;
+oper v_besch26 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3vêtir s) ;
+oper v_besch27 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3couvrir s) ;
+oper v_besch28 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3cueillir s) ;
+oper v_besch29 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3assaillir s) ;
+oper v_besch30 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3faillir s) ;
+oper v_besch31 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3bouillir s) ;
+oper v_besch32 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3dormir s) ;
+oper v_besch33 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3courir s) ;
+oper v_besch34 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3mourir s) ;
+oper v_besch35 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3sentir s) ;
+oper v_besch36 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3fuir s) ;
+oper v_besch37 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3ouïr s) ;
+oper v_besch38 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3cevoir s) ;
+oper v_besch39 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3voir s) ;
+oper v_besch40 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3pourvoir s) ;
+oper v_besch41 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3savoir s) ;
+oper v_besch42 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3devoir s) ;
+oper v_besch43 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3pouvoir s) ;
+oper v_besch44 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3mouvoir s) ;
+oper v_besch45 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3pleuvoir s) ;
+oper v_besch46 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3falloir s) ;
+oper v_besch47 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3valoir s) ;
+oper v_besch48 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3vouloir s) ;
+oper v_besch49 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3asseoir s) ;
+oper v_besch50 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3messeoir s) ; --- ?
+oper v_besch51 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3surseoir s) ;
+oper v_besch52 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3choir s) ;
+oper v_besch53 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3rendre s) ;
+oper v_besch54 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3prendre s) ;
+oper v_besch55 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3battre s) ;
+oper v_besch56 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3mettre s) ;
+oper v_besch57 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3peindre s) ;
+oper v_besch58 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3joindre s) ;
+oper v_besch59 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3craindre s) ;
+oper v_besch60 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3vaincre s) ;
+oper v_besch61 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3traire s) ;
+oper v_besch62 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3faire s) ;
+oper v_besch63 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3plaire s) ;
+oper v_besch64 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3connaître s) ;
+oper v_besch65 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3naître s) ;
+oper v_besch66 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3paître s) ;
+oper v_besch67 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3croître s) ;
+oper v_besch68 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3croire s) ;
+oper v_besch69 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3boire s) ;
+oper v_besch70 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3clore s) ;
+oper v_besch71 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3conclure s) ;
+oper v_besch72 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3absoudre s) ;
+oper v_besch73 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3coudre s) ;
+oper v_besch74 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3moudre s) ;
+oper v_besch75 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3suivre s) ;
+oper v_besch76 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3vivre s) ;
+oper v_besch77 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3lire s) ;
+oper v_besch78 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3dire s) ;
+oper v_besch79 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3rire s) ;
+oper v_besch80 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3écrire s) ;
+oper v_besch81 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3confire s) ;
+oper v_besch82 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj3cuire s) ;
+
+-- 83-99 not used
+
+oper v_besch100 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj s) ; --- to do
+oper v_besch101 : Str -> VerbeN = \s -> mkNV (conj s) ; --- to do
+}

lib/next-resource/french/CatFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+concrete CatFre of Cat = CommonX - [Temp,TTAnt,Tense,TPres,TPast,TFut,TCond] 
+  ** CatRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResFre) ;

lib/next-resource/french/ConjunctionFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete ConjunctionFre of Conjunction = CatFre ** ConjunctionRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResFre) ;

lib/next-resource/french/DiffFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+instance DiffFre of DiffRomance = open CommonRomance, PhonoFre, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=noexpand ; coding=utf8 ;
+--  flags optimize=all ;
+
+  param 
+    Prepos = P_de | P_a | PNul ;
+    VType = VHabere | VEsse | VRefl ;
+
+  oper
+    dative   : Case = CPrep P_a ;
+    genitive : Case = CPrep P_de ;
+
+    prepCase : Case -> Str = \c -> case c of {
+      Nom => [] ;
+      Acc => [] ; 
+      CPrep P_a => "à" ;
+      CPrep P_de => elisDe ;
+      CPrep PNul => []
+      } ;
+
+    artDef : Gender -> Number -> Case -> Str = \g,n,c ->
+      case <g,n,c> of {
+        <Masc,Sg, CPrep P_de> => pre {"du" ; ["de l'"] / voyelle} ;
+        <Masc,Sg, CPrep P_a>  => pre {"au" ; ["à l'"]  / voyelle} ;
+        <Masc,Sg, _>    => elisLe ;
+        <Fem, Sg, _>    => prepCase c ++ elisLa ;
+        <_,   Pl, CPrep P_de> => "des" ;
+        <_,   Pl, CPrep P_a>  => "aux" ;
+        <_,   Pl, _ >   => "les"
+        } ;
+
+-- In these two, "de de/du/des" becomes "de".
+
+    artIndef = \g,n,c -> case <n,c> of {
+      <Sg,_>   => prepCase c ++ genForms "un" "une" ! g ;
+      <Pl,CPrep P_de> => elisDe ;
+      _        => prepCase c ++ "des"
+      } ;
+
+    possCase = \_,_,c -> prepCase c ;
+
+    partitive = \g,c -> case c of {
+      CPrep P_de => elisDe ;
+      _ => prepCase c ++ artDef g Sg (CPrep P_de)
+      } ;
+
+    conjunctCase : NPForm -> NPForm = \c -> case c of {
+      Aton k => Ton k ;
+      _ => c
+      } ;
+
+    auxVerb : VType -> (VF => Str) = \vtyp -> case vtyp of {
+      VHabere => avoir_V.s ;
+      _ => copula.s
+      } ;
+
+    partAgr : VType -> VPAgr = \vtyp -> case vtyp of {
+      VHabere => vpAgrNone ;
+      _ => VPAgrSubj
+      } ;
+
+    vpAgrClit : Agr -> VPAgr = \a ->
+      VPAgrClit a.g a.n ;
+
+----    pronArg = pronArgGen Neg ; --- takes more space and time
+
+    pronArg : Number -> Person -> CAgr -> CAgr -> Str * Str * Bool = 
+      \n,p,acc,dat ->
+      let 
+        pacc = case acc of {
+          CRefl => <case p of {
+            P3 => elision "s" ;  --- use of reflPron incred. expensive
+            _  => argPron Fem n p Acc
+            },True> ;
+          CPron ag an ap => <argPron ag an ap Acc,True> ;
+          _ => <[],False>
+          } ;
+       in
+       case dat of {
+          CPron ag an ap => let pdat = argPron ag an ap dative in case ap of {
+            P3 => <pacc.p1 ++ pdat,[],True> ;
+            _  => <pdat ++ pacc.p1,[],True>
+            } ;
+          _ => <pacc.p1, [],pacc.p2>
+          } ;
+
+    infForm _ _ _ _  = True ;
+
+-- Positive polarity is used in the imperative: stressed for 1st and
+-- 2nd persons.
+
+    pronArgGen : Polarity -> Number -> Person -> CAgr -> CAgr -> Str * Str = 
+      \b,n,p,acc,dat ->
+      let 
+        cas : Person -> Case -> Case = \pr,c -> case <pr,b> of {
+          <P1 | P2, Pos> => CPrep P_de ; --- encoding in argPron
+          _ => c
+          } ;
+        pacc = case acc of {
+          CRefl => case p of {
+            P3 => elision "s" ;  --- use of reflPron incred. expensive
+            _  => argPron Fem n p (cas p Acc)
+            } ;
+          CPron ag an ap => argPron ag an ap (cas ap Acc) ;
+          _ => []
+          } ;
+        pdat = case dat of {
+          CPron ag an ap => argPron ag an ap (cas ap dative) ;
+          _ => []
+          } ;
+       in
+       case dat of {
+          CPron _ _ P3 => <pacc ++ pdat,[]> ;
+          _ => <pdat ++ pacc, []>
+          } ;
+
+    mkImperative b p vp = {
+      s = \\pol,aag => 
+        let 
+          num   = if_then_else Number b Pl aag.n ;
+          agr   = {g = aag.g ; n = num ; p = p} ;
+          verb  = (vp.s ! VPImperat).fin ! agr ;
+          neg   = vp.neg ! pol ;
+          hascl = (pronArg agr.n agr.p vp.clAcc vp.clDat).p3 ;
+          clpr  = pronArgGen pol agr.n agr.p vp.clAcc vp.clDat ;
+          compl = neg.p2 ++ clpr.p2 ++ vp.comp ! agr ++ vp.ext ! pol
+        in
+        case pol of {
+          Pos => verb ++ if_then_Str hascl "-" [] ++ clpr.p1 ++ compl ;
+          Neg => neg.p1 ++ clpr.p1 ++ verb ++ compl
+          } 
+      } ;
+
+
+    negation : Polarity => (Str * Str) = table {
+      Pos => <[],[]> ;
+      Neg => <elisNe,"pas">
+      } ;
+
+    conjThan = elisQue ;
+    conjThat = elisQue ;
+
+    subjIf = "si" ; --- s'
+
+    clitInf _ cli inf = cli ++ inf ;
+
+    relPron : Bool => AAgr => Case => Str = \\b,a,c => 
+      let
+        lequel = artDef a.g a.n c + quelPron ! a
+      in
+      case b of {
+      False => case c of {
+        Nom => "qui" ;
+        Acc => elisQue ;
+        CPrep P_de => "dont" ;
+        _ => lequel
+        } ;
+      _   => lequel
+      } ;
+
+    pronSuch : AAgr => Str = aagrForms "tel" "telle" "tels" "telles" ;
+
+    quelPron : AAgr => Str = aagrForms "quel" "quelle" "quels" "quelles" ;
+
+    partQIndir = "ce" ; --- only for qui,que: elision "c" ;
+
+    reflPron : Number -> Person -> Case -> Str = \n,p,c ->
+      let pron = argPron Fem n p c in
+      case <p,c> of {
+        <P3,  Acc | CPrep P_a> => elision "s" ;
+        <P3, _> => prepCase c ++ "soi" ;
+        _ => pron
+        } ;
+
+    argPron : Gender -> Number -> Person -> Case -> Str = 
+      let 
+        cases : (x,y : Str) -> Case -> Str = \me,moi,c -> case c of {
+          Acc | CPrep P_a => me ;
+          _ => moi
+          } ;
+        cases3 : (x,y,z : Str) -> Case -> Str = \les,leur,eux,c -> case c of {
+          Acc => les ;
+          CPrep P_a => leur ;
+          _ => eux
+          } ;
+      in 
+      \g,n,p -> case <g,n,p> of { 
+        <_,Sg,P1> => cases (elision "m") "moi" ;
+        <_,Sg,P2> => cases (elision "t") "toi" ;
+        <_,Pl,P1> => \_ -> "nous" ;
+        <_,Pl,P2> => \_ -> "vous" ;
+        <Fem,Sg,P3> => cases3 elisLa "lui" "elle" ;
+        <_,Sg,P3> => cases3 (elision "l") "lui" "lui" ;
+        <Fem,Pl,P3> => cases3 "les" "leur" "elles" ;
+        <_,Pl,P3> => cases3 "les" "leur" "eux"
+        } ;
+
+    vRefl   : VType = VRefl ;
+    isVRefl : VType -> Bool = \ty -> case ty of {
+      VRefl => True ;
+      _ => False
+      } ;
+
+    auxPassive : Verb = copula ;
+
+    copula : Verb = {s = table VF ["être";"être";"suis";"es";"est";"sommes";"êtes";"sont";"sois";"sois";"soit";"soyons";"soyez";"soient";"étais";"étais";"était";"étions";"étiez";"étaient";"fusse";"fusses";"fût";"fussions";"fussiez";"fussent";"fus";"fus";"fut";"fûmes";"fûtes";"furent";"serai";"seras";"sera";"serons";"serez";"seront";"serais";"serais";"serait";"serions";"seriez";"seraient";"sois";"soyons";"soyez";"été";"étés";"étée";"étées";"étant"]; vtyp=VHabere} ;
+
+    avoir_V : Verb = {s=table VF ["avoir";"avoir";"ai";"as";"a";"avons";"avez";"ont";"aie";"aies";"ait";"ayons";"ayez";"aient";"avais";"avais";"avait";"avions";"aviez";"avaient";"eusse";"eusses";"eût";"eussions";"eussiez";"eussent";"eus";"eus";"eut";"eûmes";"eûtes";"eurent";"aurai";"auras";"aura";"aurons";"aurez";"auront";"aurais";"aurais";"aurait";"aurions";"auriez";"auraient";"aie";"ayons";"ayez";"eu";"eus";"eue";"eues";"ayant"];vtyp=VHabere};
+
+}

lib/next-resource/french/ExtraFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+concrete ExtraFre of ExtraFreAbs = ExtraRomanceFre ** 
+  open CommonRomance, PhonoFre, MorphoFre, ParadigmsFre, ParamX, ResFre in {
+
+  lin
+    EstcequeS qs          = {s = "est-ce" ++ elisQue ++ qs.s ! Indic} ;
+    EstcequeIAdvS idet qs = {s = idet.s ++ "est-ce" ++ elisQue ++ qs.s ! Indic} ;
+
+    QueestcequeIP = {
+      s = table {
+        c => prepQue c ++ "est-ce" ++ caseQue c
+        } ; 
+      a = aagr Fem Pl
+      } ;
+
+    QuiestcequeIP = {
+      s = table {
+        c => prepQue c ++ "qui" ++ "est-ce" ++ caseQue c
+        } ; 
+      a = aagr Fem Pl
+      } ;
+
+    i8fem_Pron = mkPronoun
+      (elision "j") (elision "m") (elision "m") "moi" "mon" (elisPoss "m") "mes"
+      Fem Sg P1 ;
+    these8fem_NP = makeNP ["celles-ci"] Fem Pl ;
+    they8fem_Pron = mkPronoun
+      "elles" "les" "leur" "eux" "leur" "leur" "leurs"
+      Fem Pl P3 ;
+    this8fem_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["celle-ci"] Fem) ;
+    those8fem_NP = makeNP ["celles-là"] Fem Pl ;
+    we8fem_Pron = mkPronoun "nous" "nous" "nous" "nous" "notre" "notre" "nos"
+      Fem Pl P1 ;
+    whoPl8fem_IP = 
+      {s = \\c => artDef a.g a.n c + quelPron ! a ; a = a}
+      where {a = aagr Fem Sg} ;
+    whoSg8fem_IP = 
+      {s = \\c => artDef a.g a.n c + quelPron ! a ; a = a}
+      where {a = aagr Fem Pl} ;
+
+    youSg8fem_Pron = mkPronoun 
+      "tu" (elision "t") (elision "t") "toi" "ton" (elisPoss "t") "tes"
+      Fem Sg P2 ;
+    youPl8fem_Pron,
+    youPol8fem_Pron =
+      mkPronoun
+        "vous" "vous" "vous" "vous" "votre" "votre" "vos"
+        Fem Pl P2 ;
+
+  oper
+    prepQue : Case -> Str = \c -> case c of {
+      Nom | Acc => elisQue ;
+      _   => prepCase c ++ "qui" ---
+      } ;
+    caseQue : Case -> Str = \c -> case c of {
+      Nom => "qui" ;
+      _   => elisQue
+      } ;
+
+
+}

lib/next-resource/french/ExtraFreAbs.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+-- Structures special for French. These are not implemented in other
+-- Romance languages.
+
+abstract ExtraFreAbs = ExtraRomanceAbs ** {
+
+-- Notice: only direct (main-clause) questions are generated, and needed.
+
+  fun
+    EstcequeS     : S -> Utt ;          -- est-ce qu'il pleut
+    EstcequeIAdvS : IAdv -> S -> Utt ;  -- où est-ce qu'il pleut
+
+-- These also generate indirect (subordinate) questions.
+
+    QueestcequeIP : IP ;    -- qu'est-ce (que/qui) 
+    QuiestcequeIP : IP ;    -- qu'est-ce (que/qui) 
+
+-- Feminine variants of pronouns (those in $Structural$ are
+-- masculine, which is the default when gender is unknown).
+
+    i8fem_Pron : Pron ;
+    these8fem_NP : NP ;
+    they8fem_Pron : Pron ;
+    this8fem_NP : NP ;
+    those8fem_NP : NP ;
+
+    we8fem_Pron : Pron ;
+    whoPl8fem_IP : IP ;
+    whoSg8fem_IP : IP ;
+
+    youSg8fem_Pron : Pron ;
+    youPl8fem_Pron : Pron ;
+    youPol8fem_Pron : Pron ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/french/ExtraRomanceFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete ExtraRomanceFre of ExtraRomanceAbs = CatFre ** ExtraRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResFre) ;

lib/next-resource/french/GrammarFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+concrete GrammarFre of Grammar = 
+  NounFre, 
+  VerbFre, 
+  AdjectiveFre,
+  AdverbFre,
+  NumeralFre,
+  SentenceFre,
+  QuestionFre,
+  RelativeFre,
+  ConjunctionFre,
+  PhraseFre,
+  TextX - [Temp,TTAnt,Tense,TPres,TPast,TFut,TCond],
+  IdiomFre,
+  StructuralFre
+  ** {
+
+flags startcat = Phr ; unlexer = text ; lexer = text ;
+
+} ;

lib/next-resource/french/IdiomFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+concrete IdiomFre of Idiom = CatFre ** 
+  open (P = ParamX), PhonoFre, MorphoFre, ParadigmsFre, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+    ImpersCl vp = mkClause "il" True (agrP3 Masc Sg) vp ;
+    GenericCl vp = mkClause "on" True (agrP3 Masc Sg) vp ;
+
+    ExistNP np = 
+      mkClause "il" True (agrP3 Masc Sg)
+        (insertClit2 "y" (insertComplement (\\_ => np.s ! Ton Acc) (predV avoir_V))) ;
+
+    ExistIP ip = {
+      s = \\t,a,p,_ => 
+        ip.s ! Nom ++ 
+        (mkClause "il" True (agrP3 Masc Sg)
+              (insertClit2 "y" (predV avoir_V))).s 
+           ! DDir ! t ! a ! p ! Indic ---- DInv
+      } ;
+
+    CleftNP np rs = mkClause elisCe True (agrP3 Masc Sg) 
+      (insertComplement (\\_ => rs.s ! Indic ! np.a)
+        (insertComplement (\\_ => np.s ! Ton rs.c) (predV copula))) ;
+
+    CleftAdv ad s = mkClause elisCe True (agrP3 Masc Sg) 
+      (insertComplement (\\_ => conjThat ++ s.s ! Indic)
+        (insertComplement (\\_ => ad.s) (predV copula))) ;
+
+
+    ProgrVP vp = 
+      insertComplement 
+        (\\a => "en" ++ "train" ++ elisDe ++ infVP vp a) 
+        (predV copula) ;
+
+    ImpPl1 vpr = let vp = useVP vpr in {s =
+      (mkImperative False P1 vp).s ! Pos ! {n = Pl ; g = Masc} --- fem
+      } ;
+
+  oper
+    elisCe = elision "c" ;
+
+}
+
+

lib/next-resource/french/IrregFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
+
+-- Irregular verbs from Nancy, based on a list from Sylvain Pogodalla, 25/11/2004
+-- Translated to GF by Aarne Ranta
+-- added extracted subcat information 29/11
+
+concrete IrregFre of IrregFreAbs = CatFre ** 
+  open DiffFre, MorphoFre, BeschFre, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=values ;
+
+-- all verbs in classes with "er" and "finir" are omitted
+
+lin 
+  abattre_V2 = v_besch55 "abattre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  absoudre_V2 = v_besch72 "absoudre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  abstenir_V = v_besch23 "abstenir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  abstraire_V2 = v_besch61 "abstraire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  accourir_V = v_besch33 "accourir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  accroître_V2 = v_besch73 "accroître" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  accueillir_V2 = v_besch28 "accueillir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  acquérir_V2 = v_besch24 "acquérir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  adjoindre_V2 = v_besch58 "adjoindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  admettre_V2 = v_besch56 "admettre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  advenir_V = v_besch23 "advenir" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  aller_V = v_besch22 "aller" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  apercevoir_V2 = v_besch38 "apercevoir" ** {vtyp = VRefl ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complGen} ;
+  apparaître_V = v_besch64 "apparaître" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  appartenir_V2 = v_besch23 "appartenir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  appendre_V2 = v_besch53 "appendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  apprendre_V2 = v_besch54 "apprendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  assaillir_V2 = v_besch29 "assaillir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  asseoir_V2 = v_besch49 "asseoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  astreindre_V2 = v_besch57 "astreindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  atteindre_V2 = v_besch57 "atteindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  attendre_V2 = v_besch53 "attendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  avoir_V2 = v_besch1 "avoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  battre_V2 = v_besch55 "battre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  boire_V2 = v_besch69 "boire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  bouillir_V2 = v_besch31 "bouillir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  braire_V = v_besch61 "braire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  ceindre_V2 = v_besch57 "ceindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  choir_V = v_besch52 "choir" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  circonscrire_V2 = v_besch80 "circonscrire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  circonvenir_V2 = v_besch23 "circonvenir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  clore_V2 = v_besch70 "clore" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  combattre_V2 = v_besch55 "combattre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  commettre_V2 = v_besch56 "commettre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  comparaître_V2 = v_besch64 "comparaître" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  complaire_V2 = v_besch63 "complaire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  comprendre_V2 = v_besch54 "comprendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  compromettre_V2 = v_besch56 "compromettre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  concevoir_V2 = v_besch38 "concevoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  conclure_V2 = v_besch71 "conclure" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  concourir_V2 = v_besch33 "concourir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  condescendre_V2 = v_besch53 "condescendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  conduire_V2 = v_besch82 "conduire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  confire_V2 = v_besch81 "confire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  confondre_V2 = v_besch53 "confondre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  conjoindre_V2 = v_besch58 "conjoindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  connaître_V2 = v_besch64 "connaître" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  conquérir_V2 = v_besch24 "conquérir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  consentir_V2 = v_besch25 "consentir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  construire_V2 = v_besch82 "construire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  contenir_V2 = v_besch23 "contenir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  contraindre_V2 = v_besch59 "contraindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  contrebattre_V2 = v_besch55 "contrebattre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  contredire_V2 = v_besch78 "contredire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  contrefaire_V2 = v_besch62 "contrefaire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  contrevenir_V2 = v_besch23 "contrevenir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  convaincre_V2 = v_besch60 "convaincre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complGen} ;
+  convenir_V2 = v_besch23 "convenir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complGen} ;
+  correspondre_V2 = v_besch53 "correspondre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  corrompre_V2 = v_besch53 "corrompre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  coudre_V2 = v_besch73 "coudre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  courir_V2 = v_besch33 "courir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  couvrir_V2 = v_besch27 "couvrir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  craindre_V2 = v_besch59 "craindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  croire_V2 = v_besch68 "croire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  croître_V = v_besch67 "croître" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  cueillir_V2 = v_besch28 "cueillir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  cuire_V2 = v_besch82 "cuire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  débattre_V2 = v_besch55 "débattre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  débouillir_V2 = v_besch31 "débouillir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  décevoir_V2 = v_besch38 "décevoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  déchoir_V2 = v_besch52 "déchoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  déclore_V2 = v_besch70 "déclore" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  décommettre_V2 = v_besch56 "décommettre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  déconfire_V2 = v_besch81 "déconfire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  découdre_V2 = v_besch73 "découdre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  découvrir_V2 = v_besch27 "découvrir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  décrire_V2 = v_besch80 "décrire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  décroître_V2 = v_besch67 "décroître" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  décuire_V2 = v_besch82 "décuire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  déduire_V2 = v_besch82 "déduire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  défaillir_V = v_besch30 "défaillir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  défaire_V2 = v_besch62 "défaire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  défendre_V2 = v_besch53 "défendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  démentir_V2 = v_besch25 "démentir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  démettre_V2 = v_besch56 "démettre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  démordre_V = v_besch53 "démordre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  départir_V2 = v_besch25 "départir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complGen} ;
+  dépeindre_V2 = v_besch57 "dépeindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  dépendre_V2 = v_besch53 "dépendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complGen} ;
+  déplaire_V = v_besch63 "déplaire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  dépourvoir_V2 = v_besch40 "dépourvoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  déprendre_V2 = v_besch54 "déprendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complGen} ;
+  désapprendre_V2 = v_besch54 "désapprendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  descendre_V2 = v_besch53 "descendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  desservir_V2 = v_besch35 "desservir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  déteindre_V2 = v_besch57 "déteindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  détendre_V2 = v_besch53 "détendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  détenir_V2 = v_besch23 "détenir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  détordre_V2 = v_besch53 "détordre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  détruire_V2 = v_besch82 "détruire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  devenir_V = v_besch23 "devenir" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  dévêtir_V2 = v_besch26 "dévêtir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  devoir_V2 = v_besch42 "devoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  dire_V2 = v_besch78 "dire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  disconvenir_V2 = v_besch23 "disconvenir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complGen} ;
+  discourir_V2 = v_besch33 "discourir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complGen} ;
+  disjoindre_V2 = v_besch58 "disjoindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  disparaître_V2 = v_besch64 "disparaître" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  dissoudre_V2 = v_besch72 "dissoudre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  distendre_V2 = v_besch53 "distendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  distordre_V2 = v_besch53 "distordre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  distraire_V2 = v_besch61 "distraire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  dormir_V2 = v_besch32 "dormir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  ébattre_V = v_besch55 "ébattre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  échoir_V2 = v_besch52 "échoir" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  éclore_V2 = v_besch70 "éclore" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  éconduire_V2 = v_besch82 "éconduire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  écrire_V2 = v_besch80 "écrire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  élire_V2 = v_besch77 "élire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  embatre_V2 = v_besch55 "embatre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  embattre_V2 = v_besch55 "embattre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  emboire_V = v_besch69 "emboire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  émettre_V2 = v_besch56 "émettre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  émoudre_V2 = v_besch74 "émoudre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  émouvoir_V2 = v_besch44 "émouvoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  empreindre_V2 = v_besch57 "empreindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complGen} ;
+  enceindre_V2 = v_besch57 "enceindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  enclore_V2 = v_besch70 "enclore" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  encourir_V2 = v_besch33 "encourir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  endormir_V2 = v_besch32 "endormir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  enduire_V2 = v_besch82 "enduire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  enfreindre_V2 = v_besch57 "enfreindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  enfuir_V = v_besch36 "enfuir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  enjoindre_V2 = v_besch58 "enjoindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  enquérir_V = v_besch24 "enquérir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  entendre_V2 = v_besch53 "entendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  entr'apercevoir_V = v_besch38 "entr'apercevoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  entrebattre_V = v_besch55 "entrebattre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  entre_détruire_V = v_besch82 "entre-détruire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  entre_haïr_V = v_besch20 "entre-haïr" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  entremettre_V = v_besch56 "entremettre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  entre_nuire_V = v_besch82 "entre-nuire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  entreprendre_V2 = v_besch54 "entreprendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  entretenir_V2 = v_besch23 "entretenir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  entrevoir_V2 = v_besch39 "entrevoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  entrouvrir_V2 = v_besch27 "entrouvrir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  envoyer_V2 = v_besch18 "envoyer" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  épandre_V2 = v_besch53 "épandre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  éperdre_V = v_besch53 "éperdre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  éprendre_V = v_besch54 "éprendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  équivaloir_V2 = v_besch47 "équivaloir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  éteindre_V2 = v_besch57 "éteindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  étendre_V2 = v_besch53 "étendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  étreindre_V2 = v_besch57 "étreindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  être_V = v_besch2 "être" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  exclure_V2 = v_besch71 "exclure" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  extraire_V2 = v_besch61 "extraire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  faillir_V2 = v_besch30 "faillir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  faire_V2 = v_besch62 "faire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  falloir_V = v_besch46 "falloir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  feindre_V2 = v_besch57 "feindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  fendre_V2 = v_besch53 "fendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  fondre_V2 = v_besch53 "fondre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  forfaire_V2 = v_besch62 "forfaire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  foutre_V2 = v_besch53 "foutre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complGen} ;
+  frire_V2 = v_besch81 "frire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  fuir_V2 = v_besch36 "fuir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  geindre_V2 = v_besch57 "geindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  gésir_V2 = mkNV (conj3gésir "gésir") ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  haïr_V2 = v_besch20 "haïr" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  inclure_V2 = v_besch71 "inclure" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  induire_V2 = v_besch82 "induire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  inscrire_V2 = v_besch80 "inscrire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  instruire_V2 = v_besch82 "instruire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  interdire_V2 = v_besch78 "interdire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  interrompre_V2 = v_besch53 "interrompre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  intervenir_V = v_besch23 "intervenir" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  introduire_V2 = v_besch82 "introduire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  joindre_V2 = v_besch58 "joindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  lire_V2 = v_besch77 "lire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  luire_V = v_besch82 "luire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  mainmettre_V2 = v_besch56 "mainmettre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  maintenir_V2 = v_besch23 "maintenir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  méconnaître_V2 = v_besch64 "méconnaître" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  mécroire_V2 = v_besch68 "mécroire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  médire_V2 = v_besch78 "médire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complGen} ;
+  mentir_V2 = v_besch25 "mentir" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  méprendre_V2 = v_besch54 "méprendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  messeoir_V2 = v_besch50 "messeoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  mettre_V2 = v_besch56 "mettre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  mévendre_V2 = v_besch53 "mévendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  mordre_V2 = v_besch53 "mordre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  morfondre_V = v_besch53 "morfondre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  moudre_V2 = v_besch74 "moudre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  mourir_V = v_besch34 "mourir" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  mouvoir_V2 = v_besch44 "mouvoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complGen} ;
+  naître_V = v_besch65 "naître" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  nuire_V2 = v_besch82 "nuire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  obtenir_V2 = v_besch23 "obtenir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  obvenir_V = v_besch23 "obvenir" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  occlure_V2 = v_besch71 "occlure" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  offrir_V2 = v_besch27 "offrir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  oindre_V2 = v_besch58 "oindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  omettre_V2 = v_besch56 "omettre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  ouïr_V2 = v_besch37 "ouïr" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  ouvrir_V2 = v_besch27 "ouvrir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  paître_V2 = v_besch66 "paître" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  paître_V = v_besch66 "paître" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  paraître_V = v_besch64 "paraître" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  parcourir_V2 = v_besch33 "parcourir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  parfondre_V2 = v_besch53 "parfondre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  partir_V = v_besch25 "partir" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  parvenir_V = v_besch23 "parvenir" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  peindre_V2 = v_besch57 "peindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  pendre_V2 = v_besch53 "pendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  percevoir_V2 = v_besch38 "percevoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  perdre_V2 = v_besch53 "perdre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  permettre_V2 = v_besch56 "permettre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  plaindre_V2 = v_besch59 "plaindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  plaire_V2 = v_besch63 "plaire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  pleuvoir_V = v_besch45 "pleuvoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  poindre_V2 = v_besch58 "poindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  pondre_V2 = v_besch53 "pondre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  pourfendre_V2 = v_besch53 "pourfendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  poursuivre_V2 = v_besch75 "poursuivre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  pourvoir_V2 = v_besch40 "pourvoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  pouvoir_V = v_besch43 "pouvoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  prédire_V2 = v_besch78 "prédire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  prendre_V2 = v_besch54 "prendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  prescrire_V2 = v_besch80 "prescrire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  pressentir_V2 = v_besch25 "pressentir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  prétendre_V2 = v_besch53 "prétendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  prévaloir_V2 = v_besch47 "prévaloir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complGen} ;
+  prévenir_V2 = v_besch23 "prévenir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  prévoir_V2 = v_besch39 "prévoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  produire_V2 = v_besch82 "produire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  promettre_V2 = v_besch56 "promettre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  promouvoir_V2 = v_besch44 "promouvoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  proscrire_V2 = v_besch80 "proscrire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  provenir_V = v_besch23 "provenir" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  rabattre_V2 = v_besch55 "rabattre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  raire_V2 = v_besch61 "raire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  rapprendre_V2 = v_besch54 "rapprendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  rasseoir_V2 = v_besch49 "rasseoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  réadmettre_V2 = v_besch56 "réadmettre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  réapparaître_V = v_besch64 "réapparaître" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  réapprendre_V2 = v_besch54 "réapprendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  rebattre_V2 = v_besch55 "rebattre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  recevoir_V2 = v_besch38 "recevoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  recomparaître_V2 = v_besch64 "recomparaître" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  reconduire_V2 = v_besch82 "reconduire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  reconnaître_V2 = v_besch64 "reconnaître" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  reconquérir_V2 = v_besch24 "reconquérir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  reconstruire_V2 = v_besch82 "reconstruire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  recoudre_V2 = v_besch73 "recoudre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  recourir_V2 = v_besch33 "recourir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  recouvrir_V2 = v_besch27 "recouvrir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  récrire_V2 = v_besch80 "récrire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  recroître_V2 = v_besch67 "recroître" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  recueillir_V2 = v_besch28 "recueillir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  recuire_V2 = v_besch82 "recuire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  redécouvrir_V2 = v_besch27 "redécouvrir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  redéfaire_V2 = v_besch62 "redéfaire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  redescendre_V2 = v_besch53 "redescendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  redevenir_V = v_besch23 "redevenir" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  redevoir_V2 = v_besch42 "redevoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  redire_V2 = v_besch78 "redire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  réduire_V2 = v_besch82 "réduire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  réécrire_V2 = v_besch80 "réécrire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  réélire_V2 = v_besch77 "réélire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  réentendre_V2 = v_besch53 "réentendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  refaire_V2 = v_besch62 "refaire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  refendre_V2 = v_besch53 "refendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  refondre_V2 = v_besch53 "refondre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  réinscrire_V2 = v_besch80 "réinscrire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  réintroduire_V2 = v_besch82 "réintroduire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  rejoindre_V2 = v_besch58 "rejoindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  relire_V2 = v_besch77 "relire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  reluire_V2 = v_besch82 "reluire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  remettre_V2 = v_besch56 "remettre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  remordre_V2 = v_besch53 "remordre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  remoudre_V2 = v_besch74 "remoudre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  renaître_V2 = v_besch65 "renaître" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  rendormir_V2 = v_besch32 "rendormir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  rendre_V2 = v_besch53 "rendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  rentraire_V2 = v_besch61 "rentraire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  rentrouvrir_V2 = v_besch27 "rentrouvrir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  renvoyer_V2 = v_besch18 "renvoyer" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  repaître_V2 = v_besch66 "repaître" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  répandre_V2 = v_besch53 "répandre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  reparaître_V = v_besch64 "reparaître" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  repartir_V = v_besch25 "repartir" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  repeindre_V2 = v_besch57 "repeindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  rependre_V2 = v_besch53 "rependre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  repentir_V = v_besch25 "repentir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  reperdre_V2 = v_besch53 "reperdre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  repleuvoir_V = v_besch45 "repleuvoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  répondre_V2 = v_besch53 "répondre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  reprendre_V2 = v_besch54 "reprendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  reproduire_V2 = v_besch82 "reproduire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  requérir_V2 = v_besch24 "requérir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  résoudre_V2 =  mkNV (conj3résoudre "résoudre") ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  ressentir_V2 = v_besch25 "ressentir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complGen} ;
+  resservir_V2 = v_besch35 "resservir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  ressortir_V = v_besch25 "ressortir" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  ressouvenir_V = v_besch23 "ressouvenir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  restreindre_V2 = v_besch57 "restreindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  reteindre_V2 = v_besch57 "reteindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  retendre_V2 = v_besch53 "retendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  retenir_V2 = v_besch23 "retenir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  retondre_V2 = v_besch53 "retondre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  retordre_V2 = v_besch53 "retordre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  retraduire_V2 = v_besch82 "retraduire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  retraire_V2 = v_besch61 "retraire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  retranscrire_V2 = v_besch80 "retranscrire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  retransmettre_V2 = v_besch56 "retransmettre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  rétreindre_V2 = v_besch57 "rétreindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  revaloir_V2 = v_besch47 "revaloir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  revendre_V2 = v_besch53 "revendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  revenir_V = v_besch23 "revenir" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  revêtir_V2 = v_besch26 "revêtir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  revivre_V2 = v_besch76 "revivre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  revoir_V2 = v_besch39 "revoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  revouloir_V2 = v_besch48 "revouloir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  rire_V2 = v_besch79 "rire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complGen} ;
+  rompre_V2 = v_besch53 "rompre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  rouvrir_V2 = v_besch27 "rouvrir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  saillir_V2 = v_besch29 "saillir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  satisfaire_V2 = v_besch62 "satisfaire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  savoir_V2 = v_besch41 "savoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  secourir_V2 = v_besch33 "secourir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  séduire_V2 = v_besch82 "séduire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  sentir_V2 = v_besch25 "sentir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  seoir_V = v_besch50 "seoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  servir_V2 = v_besch35 "servir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  sortir_V = v_besch25 "sortir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  soubattre_V2 = v_besch55 "soubattre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  souffrir_V2 = v_besch27 "souffrir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  soumettre_V2 = v_besch56 "soumettre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  sourire_V2 = v_besch79 "sourire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  souscrire_V2 = v_besch80 "souscrire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  sous_entendre_V2 = v_besch53 "sous-entendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  sous_tendre_V2 = v_besch53 "sous-tendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  soustraire_V2 = v_besch61 "soustraire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  soutenir_V2 = v_besch23 "soutenir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  souvenir_V = v_besch23 "souvenir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  subvenir_V2 = v_besch23 "subvenir" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  suffire_V2 = v_besch81 "suffire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  suivre_V2 = v_besch75 "suivre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  surfaire_V2 = v_besch62 "surfaire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  surprendre_V2 = v_besch54 "surprendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  surproduire_V2 = v_besch82 "surproduire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  surseoir_V2 = v_besch51 "surseoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  surtondre_V2 = v_besch53 "surtondre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  survenir_V = v_besch23 "survenir" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  survivre_V2 = v_besch76 "survivre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  suspendre_V2 = v_besch53 "suspendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  taire_V2 = v_besch63 "taire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  teindre_V2 = v_besch57 "teindre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  tendre_V2 = v_besch53 "tendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  tenir_V2 = v_besch23 "tenir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complDat} ;
+  tondre_V2 = v_besch53 "tondre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  tordre_V2 = v_besch53 "tordre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  traduire_V2 = v_besch82 "traduire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  traire_V2 = v_besch61 "traire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  transcrire_V2 = v_besch80 "transcrire" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  transmettre_V2 = v_besch56 "transmettre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  transparaître_V = v_besch64 "transparaître" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  tréfondre_V2 = v_besch53 "tréfondre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  tressaillir_V = v_besch29 "tressaillir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  vaincre_V2 = v_besch60 "vaincre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  valoir_V2 = v_besch47 "valoir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  vendre_V2 = v_besch53 "vendre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  venir_V = v_besch23 "venir" ** {vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  vêtir_V2 = v_besch26 "vêtir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  vivre_V2 = v_besch76 "vivre" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  voir_V2 = v_besch39 "voir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+  vouloir_V2 = v_besch48 "vouloir" ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V2 = <> ; c2 = complAcc} ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/french/IrregFreAbs.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../../prelude
+
+-- Irregular verbs from Nancy, based on a list from Sylvain Pogodalla, 25/11/2004
+-- Translated to GF by Aarne Ranta
+-- added extracted subcat information 29/11
+
+abstract IrregFreAbs = Cat ** {
+
+-- all verbs in classes with "er" and "ir" like "finir" are omitted
+
+fun 
+  abattre_V2 : V2 ;
+  absoudre_V2 : V2 ;
+  abstenir_V : V ;
+  abstraire_V2 : V2 ;
+  accourir_V : V ;
+  accroître_V2 : V2 ;
+  accueillir_V2 : V2 ;
+  acquérir_V2 : V2 ;
+  adjoindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  admettre_V2 : V2 ;
+  advenir_V : V ;
+  aller_V : V ;
+  apercevoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  apparaître_V : V ;
+  appartenir_V2 : V2 ;
+  appendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  apprendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  assaillir_V2 : V2 ;
+  asseoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  astreindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  atteindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  attendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  avoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  battre_V2 : V2 ;
+  boire_V2 : V2 ;
+  bouillir_V2 : V2 ;
+  braire_V : V ;
+  ceindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  choir_V : V ;
+  circonscrire_V2 : V2 ;
+  circonvenir_V2 : V2 ;
+  clore_V2 : V2 ;
+  combattre_V2 : V2 ;
+  commettre_V2 : V2 ;
+  comparaître_V2 : V2 ;
+  complaire_V2 : V2 ;
+  comprendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  compromettre_V2 : V2 ;
+  concevoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  conclure_V2 : V2 ;
+  concourir_V2 : V2 ;
+  condescendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  conduire_V2 : V2 ;
+  confire_V2 : V2 ;
+  confondre_V2 : V2 ;
+  conjoindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  connaître_V2 : V2 ;
+  conquérir_V2 : V2 ;
+  consentir_V2 : V2 ;
+  construire_V2 : V2 ;
+  contenir_V2 : V2 ;
+  contraindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  contrebattre_V2 : V2 ;
+  contredire_V2 : V2 ;
+  contrefaire_V2 : V2 ;
+  contrevenir_V2 : V2 ;
+  convaincre_V2 : V2 ;
+  convenir_V2 : V2 ;
+  correspondre_V2 : V2 ;
+  corrompre_V2 : V2 ;
+  coudre_V2 : V2 ;
+  courir_V2 : V2 ;
+  couvrir_V2 : V2 ;
+  craindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  croire_V2 : V2 ;
+  croître_V : V ;
+  cueillir_V2 : V2 ;
+  cuire_V2 : V2 ;
+  débattre_V2 : V2 ;
+  débouillir_V2 : V2 ;
+  décevoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  déchoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  déclore_V2 : V2 ;
+  décommettre_V2 : V2 ;
+  déconfire_V2 : V2 ;
+  découdre_V2 : V2 ;
+  découvrir_V2 : V2 ;
+  décrire_V2 : V2 ;
+  décroître_V2 : V2 ;
+  décuire_V2 : V2 ;
+  déduire_V2 : V2 ;
+  défaillir_V : V ;
+  défaire_V2 : V2 ;
+  défendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  démentir_V2 : V2 ;
+  démettre_V2 : V2 ;
+  démordre_V : V ;
+  départir_V2 : V2 ;
+  dépeindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  dépendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  déplaire_V : V ;
+  dépourvoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  déprendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  désapprendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  descendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  desservir_V2 : V2 ;
+  déteindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  détendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  détenir_V2 : V2 ;
+  détordre_V2 : V2 ;
+  détruire_V2 : V2 ;
+  devenir_V : V ;
+  dévętir_V2 : V2 ;
+  devoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  dire_V2 : V2 ;
+  disconvenir_V2 : V2 ;
+  discourir_V2 : V2 ;
+  disjoindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  disparaître_V2 : V2 ;
+  dissoudre_V2 : V2 ;
+  distendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  distordre_V2 : V2 ;
+  distraire_V2 : V2 ;
+  dormir_V2 : V2 ;
+  ébattre_V : V ;
+  échoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  éclore_V2 : V2 ;
+  éconduire_V2 : V2 ;
+  écrire_V2 : V2 ;
+  élire_V2 : V2 ;
+  embatre_V2 : V2 ;
+  embattre_V2 : V2 ;
+  emboire_V : V ;
+  émettre_V2 : V2 ;
+  émoudre_V2 : V2 ;
+  émouvoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  empreindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  enceindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  enclore_V2 : V2 ;
+  encourir_V2 : V2 ;
+  endormir_V2 : V2 ;
+  enduire_V2 : V2 ;
+  enfreindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  enfuir_V : V ;
+  enjoindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  enquérir_V : V ;
+  entendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  entr'apercevoir_V : V ;
+  entrebattre_V : V ;
+  entre_détruire_V : V ;
+  entre_haďr_V : V ;
+  entremettre_V : V ;
+  entre_nuire_V : V ;
+  entreprendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  entretenir_V2 : V2 ;
+  entrevoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  entrouvrir_V2 : V2 ;
+  envoyer_V2 : V2 ;
+  épandre_V2 : V2 ;
+  éperdre_V : V ;
+  éprendre_V : V ;
+  équivaloir_V2 : V2 ;
+  éteindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  étendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  étreindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  ętre_V : V ;
+  exclure_V2 : V2 ;
+  extraire_V2 : V2 ;
+  faillir_V2 : V2 ;
+  faire_V2 : V2 ;
+  falloir_V : V ;
+  feindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  fendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  fondre_V2 : V2 ;
+  forfaire_V2 : V2 ;
+  foutre_V2 : V2 ;
+  frire_V2 : V2 ;
+  fuir_V2 : V2 ;
+  geindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  gésir_V2 : V2 ;
+  haďr_V2 : V2 ;
+  inclure_V2 : V2 ;
+  induire_V2 : V2 ;
+  inscrire_V2 : V2 ;
+  instruire_V2 : V2 ;
+  interdire_V2 : V2 ;
+  interrompre_V2 : V2 ;
+  intervenir_V : V ;
+  introduire_V2 : V2 ;
+  joindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  lire_V2 : V2 ;
+  luire_V : V ;
+  mainmettre_V2 : V2 ;
+  maintenir_V2 : V2 ;
+  méconnaître_V2 : V2 ;
+  mécroire_V2 : V2 ;
+  médire_V2 : V2 ;
+  mentir_V2 : V2 ;
+  méprendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  messeoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  mettre_V2 : V2 ;
+  mévendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  mordre_V2 : V2 ;
+  morfondre_V : V ;
+  moudre_V2 : V2 ;
+  mourir_V : V ;
+  mouvoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  naître_V : V ;
+  nuire_V2 : V2 ;
+  obtenir_V2 : V2 ;
+  obvenir_V : V ;
+  occlure_V2 : V2 ;
+  offrir_V2 : V2 ;
+  oindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  omettre_V2 : V2 ;
+  ouďr_V2 : V2 ;
+  ouvrir_V2 : V2 ;
+  paître_V2 : V2 ;
+  paître_V : V ;
+  paraître_V : V ;
+  parcourir_V2 : V2 ;
+  parfondre_V2 : V2 ;
+  partir_V : V ;
+  parvenir_V : V ;
+  peindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  pendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  percevoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  perdre_V2 : V2 ;
+  permettre_V2 : V2 ;
+  plaindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  plaire_V2 : V2 ;
+  pleuvoir_V : V ;
+  poindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  pondre_V2 : V2 ;
+  pourfendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  poursuivre_V2 : V2 ;
+  pourvoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  pouvoir_V : V ;
+  prédire_V2 : V2 ;
+  prendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  prescrire_V2 : V2 ;
+  pressentir_V2 : V2 ;
+  prétendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  prévaloir_V2 : V2 ;
+  prévenir_V2 : V2 ;
+  prévoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  produire_V2 : V2 ;
+  promettre_V2 : V2 ;
+  promouvoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  proscrire_V2 : V2 ;
+  provenir_V : V ;
+  rabattre_V2 : V2 ;
+  raire_V2 : V2 ;
+  rapprendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  rasseoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  réadmettre_V2 : V2 ;
+  réapparaître_V : V ;
+  réapprendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  rebattre_V2 : V2 ;
+  recevoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  recomparaître_V2 : V2 ;
+  reconduire_V2 : V2 ;
+  reconnaître_V2 : V2 ;
+  reconquérir_V2 : V2 ;
+  reconstruire_V2 : V2 ;
+  recoudre_V2 : V2 ;
+  recourir_V2 : V2 ;
+  recouvrir_V2 : V2 ;
+  récrire_V2 : V2 ;
+  recroître_V2 : V2 ;
+  recueillir_V2 : V2 ;
+  recuire_V2 : V2 ;
+  redécouvrir_V2 : V2 ;
+  redéfaire_V2 : V2 ;
+  redescendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  redevenir_V : V ;
+  redevoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  redire_V2 : V2 ;
+  réduire_V2 : V2 ;
+  réécrire_V2 : V2 ;
+  réélire_V2 : V2 ;
+  réentendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  refaire_V2 : V2 ;
+  refendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  refondre_V2 : V2 ;
+  réinscrire_V2 : V2 ;
+  réintroduire_V2 : V2 ;
+  rejoindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  relire_V2 : V2 ;
+  reluire_V2 : V2 ;
+  remettre_V2 : V2 ;
+  remordre_V2 : V2 ;
+  remoudre_V2 : V2 ;
+  renaître_V2 : V2 ;
+  rendormir_V2 : V2 ;
+  rendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  rentraire_V2 : V2 ;
+  rentrouvrir_V2 : V2 ;
+  renvoyer_V2 : V2 ;
+  repaître_V2 : V2 ;
+  répandre_V2 : V2 ;
+  reparaître_V : V ;
+  repartir_V : V ;
+  repeindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  rependre_V2 : V2 ;
+  repentir_V : V ;
+  reperdre_V2 : V2 ;
+  repleuvoir_V : V ;
+  répondre_V2 : V2 ;
+  reprendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  reproduire_V2 : V2 ;
+  requérir_V2 : V2 ;
+  résoudre_V2 : V2 ;
+  ressentir_V2 : V2 ;
+  resservir_V2 : V2 ;
+  ressortir_V : V ;
+  ressouvenir_V : V ;
+  restreindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  reteindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  retendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  retenir_V2 : V2 ;
+  retondre_V2 : V2 ;
+  retordre_V2 : V2 ;
+  retraduire_V2 : V2 ;
+  retraire_V2 : V2 ;
+  retranscrire_V2 : V2 ;
+  retransmettre_V2 : V2 ;
+  rétreindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  revaloir_V2 : V2 ;
+  revendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  revenir_V : V ;
+  revętir_V2 : V2 ;
+  revivre_V2 : V2 ;
+  revoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  revouloir_V2 : V2 ;
+  rire_V2 : V2 ;
+  rompre_V2 : V2 ;
+  rouvrir_V2 : V2 ;
+  saillir_V2 : V2 ;
+  satisfaire_V2 : V2 ;
+  savoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  secourir_V2 : V2 ;
+  séduire_V2 : V2 ;
+  sentir_V2 : V2 ;
+  seoir_V : V ;
+  servir_V2 : V2 ;
+  sortir_V : V ;
+  soubattre_V2 : V2 ;
+  souffrir_V2 : V2 ;
+  soumettre_V2 : V2 ;
+  sourire_V2 : V2 ;
+  souscrire_V2 : V2 ;
+  sous_entendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  sous_tendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  soustraire_V2 : V2 ;
+  soutenir_V2 : V2 ;
+  souvenir_V : V ;
+  subvenir_V2 : V2 ;
+  suffire_V2 : V2 ;
+  suivre_V2 : V2 ;
+  surfaire_V2 : V2 ;
+  surprendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  surproduire_V2 : V2 ;
+  surseoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  surtondre_V2 : V2 ;
+  survenir_V : V ;
+  survivre_V2 : V2 ;
+  suspendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  taire_V2 : V2 ;
+  teindre_V2 : V2 ;
+  tendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  tenir_V2 : V2 ;
+  tondre_V2 : V2 ;
+  tordre_V2 : V2 ;
+  traduire_V2 : V2 ;
+  traire_V2 : V2 ;
+  transcrire_V2 : V2 ;
+  transmettre_V2 : V2 ;
+  transparaître_V : V ;
+  tréfondre_V2 : V2 ;
+  tressaillir_V : V ;
+  vaincre_V2 : V2 ;
+  valoir_V2 : V2 ;
+  vendre_V2 : V2 ;
+  venir_V : V ;
+  vętir_V2 : V2 ;
+  vivre_V2 : V2 ;
+  voir_V2 : V2 ;
+  vouloir_V2 : V2 ;
+}

lib/next-resource/french/LangFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../common
+
+concrete LangFre of Lang = 
+  GrammarFre,
+  LexiconFre
+  ** {
+
+flags startcat = Phr ; unlexer = text ; lexer = text ;
+
+} ;

lib/next-resource/french/LexiconFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
+
+concrete LexiconFre of Lexicon = CatFre ** 
+  open (M = MorphoFre), ParadigmsFre, IrregFre in {
+
+flags 
+  optimize=values ; 
+
+lin
+  airplane_N = regGenN "avion" masculine ;
+  answer_V2S = mkV2S (v2V répondre_V2) dative ;
+  apartment_N = regGenN "apartement" masculine ;
+  apple_N = regGenN "pomme" feminine ;
+  art_N = regGenN "art" feminine ;
+  ask_V2Q = mkV2Q (regV "demander") dative ;
+  baby_N = regGenN "bébé" masculine ;
+  bad_A = prefA (mkADeg (regA "mauvais") (regA "pire")) ;
+  bank_N = regGenN "banque" feminine ;
+  beautiful_A = prefA (regA "joli") ; ---- beau
+  become_VA = mkVA devenir_V ;
+  beer_N = regGenN "bière" feminine ;
+  beg_V2V = mkV2V (regV "demander") accusative dative ;
+  big_A = prefA (regA "grand") ;
+  bike_N = regGenN "vélo" masculine ;
+  bird_N = regGenN "oiseau" masculine ;
+  black_A = regA "noir" ;
+  blue_A = regA "bleu" ;
+  boat_N = regGenN "bateau" masculine ;
+  book_N = regGenN "livre" masculine ;
+  boot_N = regGenN "botte" feminine ;
+  boss_N = regGenN "chef" masculine ;
+  boy_N = regGenN "garçon" masculine ;
+  bread_N = regGenN "pain" masculine ;
+  break_V2 = dirV2 (regV "casser") ;
+  broad_A = regA "large" ;
+  brother_N2 = deN2 (regGenN "frère" masculine) ;
+  brown_A = regA "brun" ;
+  butter_N = regGenN "beurre" masculine ;
+  buy_V2 = dirV2 (reg3V "acheter" "achète" "achètera") ;
+  camera_N = compN (regGenN "appareil" masculine) ["de photo"] ;
+  cap_N = regGenN "casquette" feminine ;
+  car_N = regGenN "voiture" feminine ;
+  carpet_N = regGenN "tapis" masculine ;
+  cat_N = regGenN "chat" masculine ;
+  ceiling_N = regGenN "plafond" masculine ;
+  chair_N = regGenN "chaise" feminine ;
+  cheese_N = regGenN "fromage" masculine ;
+  child_N = regGenN "enfant" masculine ;
+  church_N = regGenN "église" feminine ;
+  city_N = regGenN "ville" feminine ;
+  clean_A = regA "propre" ;
+  clever_A = regA "sage" ; ----
+  close_V2 = dirV2 (regV "fermer") ;
+  coat_N = regGenN "manteau" masculine ;
+  cold_A = regA "froid" ;
+  come_V = venir_V ;
+  computer_N = regGenN "ordinateur"  masculine ;
+  country_N = regGenN "pays" masculine ;
+  cousin_N = regGenN "cousin" masculine ; ---- cousine
+  cow_N = regGenN "vache" feminine ;
+  die_V = mourir_V ;
+  dirty_A = regA "sale" ;
+  distance_N3 = mkN3 (regGenN "distance" feminine) genitive dative ;
+  doctor_N = regGenN "médecin" masculine ;
+  dog_N = regGenN "chien" masculine ;
+  door_N = regGenN "porte" feminine ;
+  drink_V2 = boire_V2 ;
+  easy_A2V = mkA2V (regA "facile") dative genitive ;
+  eat_V2 = dirV2 (regV "manger") ;
+  empty_A = regA "vide" ;
+  enemy_N = regGenN "ennemi" masculine ;
+  factory_N = regGenN "usine" feminine ;
+  father_N2 = deN2 (regGenN "père" masculine) ;
+  fear_VS = mkVS (v2V craindre_V2) ;
+  fear_V2 = dirV2 (v2V craindre_V2) ;
+  find_V2 = dirV2 (regV "trouver") ;
+  fish_N = regGenN "poisson" masculine ;
+  floor_N = regGenN "plancher" masculine ;
+  forget_V2 = dirV2 (regV "oublier") ;
+  fridge_N = regGenN "frigo" masculine ;
+  friend_N = regGenN "ami" masculine ;
+  fruit_N = regGenN "fruit" masculine ;
+  fun_AV = mkAV (regA "marrant") genitive ;
+  garden_N = regGenN "jardin" masculine ;
+  girl_N = regGenN "fille" feminine ;
+  glove_N = regGenN "gant" masculine ;
+  gold_N = regGenN "or" masculine ;
+  good_A = prefA (mkADeg (mkA "bon" "bonne" "bons" "bien") 
+    (mkA "meilleur" "meilleure" "meilleurs" "mieux")) ;
+  go_V = aller_V ;
+  green_A = regA "vert" ;
+  harbour_N = regGenN "port" masculine ;
+  hate_V2 = haïr_V2 ;
+  hat_N = regGenN "chapeau" masculine ;
+  have_V2 = avoir_V2 ;
+  hear_V2 = entendre_V2 ;
+  hill_N = regGenN "colline" feminine ;
+  hope_VS = mkVS (reg3V "espérer" "espère" "espérera") ;
+  horse_N = regGenN "cheval" masculine ;
+  hot_A = regA "chaud" ;
+  house_N = regGenN "maison" feminine ;
+  important_A = regA "important" ;
+  industry_N = regGenN "industrie" feminine ;
+  iron_N = regGenN "fer" masculine ;
+  king_N = regGenN "roi" masculine ;
+  know_V2 = connaître_V2 ; ---- savoir_V2 : VS
+  lake_N = regGenN "lac" masculine ;
+  lamp_N = regGenN "lampe" feminine ;
+  learn_V2 = apprendre_V2 ;
+  leather_N = regGenN "cuir" masculine ;
+  leave_V2 = dirV2 (regV "quitter") ;
+  like_V2 = dirV2 (regV "aimer") ;
+  listen_V2 = dirV2 (regV "écouter") ;
+  live_V = v2V vivre_V2 ;
+  long_A = compADeg (mkA "long" "longue" "longs" "longuement") ;
+  lose_V2 = perdre_V2 ;
+  love_N = regGenN "amour" masculine ;
+  love_V2 = dirV2 (regV "aimer") ;
+  man_N = regGenN "homme" masculine ;
+  married_A2 = mkA2 (regA "marié") dative ;
+  meat_N = regGenN "viande" feminine ;
+  milk_N = regGenN "lait" masculine ;
+  moon_N = regGenN "lune" feminine ;
+  mother_N2 = deN2 (regGenN "mère" feminine) ;
+  mountain_N = regGenN "montagne" feminine ;
+  music_N = regGenN "musique" feminine ;
+  narrow_A = regA "étroit" ;
+  new_A = prefA (compADeg (mkA "nouveau" "nouvelle" "nouveaux" "nouvellement")) ;
+  newspaper_N = regGenN "journal" masculine ;
+  oil_N = regGenN "huile" feminine ;
+  old_A = 
+    prefA (compADeg (mkA "vieux" "vieille" "vieux" "vieillement")) ; ---- vieil
+  open_V2 = ouvrir_V2 ;
+  paint_V2A = mkV2A (v2V peindre_V2) accusative (mkPrep "en") ;
+  paper_N = regGenN "papier" masculine ;
+  paris_PN = mkPN "Paris" masculine ;
+  peace_N = regGenN "paix" feminine ;
+  pen_N = regGenN "stylo" masculine ;
+  planet_N = regGenN "planète" feminine ;
+  plastic_N = regGenN "plastic" masculine ;
+  play_V2 = dirV2 (regV "jouer") ;
+  policeman_N = regGenN "policier" masculine ;
+  priest_N = regGenN "prêtre" masculine ;
+  probable_AS = mkAS (regA "probable") ;
+  queen_N = regGenN "reine" feminine ;
+  radio_N = regGenN "radio" feminine ;
+  rain_V0 = mkV0 (pleuvoir_V) ;
+  read_V2 = lire_V2 ;
+  red_A = regA "rouge" ;
+  religion_N = regGenN "religion" feminine ;
+  restaurant_N = regGenN "restaurant" masculine ;
+  river_N = regGenN "rivière" feminine ;
+  rock_N = regGenN "rocher" masculine ;
+  roof_N = regGenN "toit" masculine ;
+  rubber_N = regGenN "caoutchuc" masculine ;
+  run_V = v2V courir_V2 ;
+  say_VS = mkVS (v2V dire_V2) ;
+  school_N = regGenN "école" feminine ;
+  science_N = regGenN "science" feminine ;
+  sea_N = regGenN "mer" feminine ;
+  seek_V2 = dirV2 (regV "chercher") ;
+  see_V2 = voir_V2 ;
+  sell_V3 = dirV3 (v2V vendre_V2) dative ;
+  send_V3 = dirV3 (v2V envoyer_V2) dative ;
+  sheep_N = regGenN "mouton" masculine ;
+  ship_N = regGenN "bateau" masculine ;
+  shirt_N = regGenN "chemise" feminine ;
+  shoe_N = regGenN "chaussure" feminine ;
+  shop_N = regGenN "magasin" masculine ;
+  short_A = regA "court" ; ---- bref
+  silver_N = regGenN "argent" masculine ;
+  sister_N = regGenN "soeur" feminine ;
+  sleep_V = v2V dormir_V2 ;
+  small_A = prefA (regA "petit") ;
+  snake_N = regGenN "serpent" masculine ;
+  sock_N = regGenN "chaussette" feminine ;
+  speak_V2 = dirV2 (regV "parler") ;
+  star_N = regGenN "étoile" feminine ;
+  steel_N = regGenN "acier" masculine ;
+  stone_N = regGenN "pierre" feminine ;
+  stove_N = regGenN "four" masculine ;
+  student_N = regGenN "étudiant" masculine ;
+  stupid_A = regA "stupide" ;
+  sun_N = regGenN "soleil" masculine ;
+  switch8off_V2 = éteindre_V2 ;
+  switch8on_V2 = dirV2 (regV "allumer") ; ----
+  table_N = regGenN "table" feminine ;
+  talk_V3 = mkV3 (regV "parler") dative genitive ;
+  teacher_N = regGenN "professeur" masculine ;
+  teach_V2 = dirV2 (regV "enseigner") ;
+  television_N = regGenN "télévision" feminine ;
+  thick_A = compADeg (mkA "épais" "épaisse" "épais" "épaissement") ;
+  thin_A = regA "fin" ;
+  train_N = regGenN "train" masculine ;
+  travel_V = regV "voyager" ;
+  tree_N = regGenN "arbre" masculine ;
+ ---- trousers_N = regGenN "pantalon" masculine ;
+  ugly_A = regA "laide" ;
+  understand_V2 = comprendre_V2 ;
+  university_N = regGenN "université" feminine ;
+  village_N = regGenN "village" masculine ;
+  wait_V2 = attendre_V2 ; ---- dative?
+  walk_V = regV "marcher" ;
+  warm_A = regA "chaud" ;
+  war_N = regGenN "guerre" masculine ;
+  watch_V2 = dirV2 (regV "regarder") ;
+  water_N = regGenN "eau" feminine ;
+  white_A = compADeg (mkA "blanc" "blanche" "blancs" "blanchement") ;
+  window_N = regGenN "fenêtre" feminine ;
+  wine_N = regGenN "vin" masculine ;
+  win_V2 = dirV2 (regV "gagner") ; ---- vaincre
+  woman_N = regGenN "femme" feminine ;
+  wonder_VQ = mkVQ (reflV (regV "étonner")) ;
+  wood_N = regGenN "bois" masculine ;
+  write_V2 = écrire_V2 ;
+  yellow_A = regA "jaune" ;
+  young_A = prefA (regA "jeune") ;
+
+  do_V2 = faire_V2 ;
+  now_Adv = mkAdv "maintenant" ;
+  already_Adv = mkAdv "déjà" ;
+  song_N = regGenN "chanson" feminine ;
+  add_V3 = dirV3 (regV "ajouter") dative ;
+  number_N = regGenN "nombre" masculine ; ---- numéro
+  put_V2 = mettre_V2 ;
+  stop_V = reflV (regV "arrêter") ;
+  jump_V = regV "sauter" ;
+
+  left_Ord = M.mkOrd (regA "gauche") ;
+  right_Ord = M.mkOrd (regA "droite") ;
+  far_Adv = mkAdv "loin" ;
+  correct_A = regA "correct" ;
+  dry_A = (mkA "sec" "sèche" "secs" "sèches") ;
+  dull_A = regA "émoussé" ;
+  full_A = regA "plein" ;
+  heavy_A = regA "lourd" ;
+  near_A = regA "proche" ;
+  rotten_A = regA "pourri" ;
+  round_A = regA "rond" ;
+  sharp_A = regA "tranchant" ;
+  smooth_A = regA "lisse" ;
+  straight_A = regA "droite" ;
+  wet_A = regA "mouillé" ;
+  wide_A = regA "large" ;
+  animal_N = regN "animal" ;
+  ashes_N = regGenN "cendre" masculine ;
+  back_N = regN "dos" ;
+  bark_N = regN "écorce" ;
+  belly_N = regGenN "ventre"  masculine ;
+  blood_N = regN "sang" ;
+  bone_N = regN "os" ;
+  breast_N = regN "sein" ; --- poitrine
+  cloud_N = regGenN "nuage"  masculine ;
+  day_N = regN "jour" ;
+  dust_N = regN "poussière" ;
+  ear_N = regN "oreille" ;
+  earth_N = regN "terre" ;
+  egg_N = regN "oeuf" ;
+  eye_N = mkN "oeil" "yeux" masculine ;
+  fat_N = regN "graisse" ;
+  feather_N = regN "plume" ;
+  fingernail_N = regGenN "ongle" masculine ;
+  fire_N = regN "feu" ;
+  flower_N = regGenN "fleur" feminine ;
+  fog_N = regN "brouillard" ;
+  foot_N = regN "pied" ;
+  forest_N = regGenN "forêt" feminine ;
+  grass_N = regN "herbe" ;
+  guts_N = regN "entraille" ;
+  hair_N = regN "cheveu" ;
+  hand_N = regGenN "main" feminine ;
+  head_N = regN "tête" ;
+  heart_N = regN "coeur" ;
+  horn_N = regGenN "corne"  masculine ;
+  husband_N = regN "mari" ;
+  ice_N = regN "glace" ;
+  knee_N = regN "genou" ;
+  leaf_N = regN "feuille" ;
+  leg_N = regN "jambe" ;
+  liver_N = regGenN "foie"  masculine ;
+  louse_N = regN "pou" ;
+  mouth_N = regN "bouche" ;
+  name_N = regN "nom" ;
+  neck_N = mkN "cou" "cous" masculine ;
+  night_N = regGenN "nuit" feminine ;
+  nose_N = regN "nez" ;
+  person_N = regN "personne" ;
+  rain_N = regN "pluie" ;
+  road_N = regN "route" ;
+  root_N = regN "racine" ;
+  rope_N = regN "corde" ;
+  salt_N = regN "sel" ;
+  sand_N = regGenN "sable"  masculine ;
+  seed_N = regN "graine" ;
+  skin_N = regN "peau" ;
+  sky_N = mkN "ciel" "cieux" masculine ;
+  smoke_N = regN "fumée" ;
+  snow_N = regN "neige" ;
+  stick_N = regN "bâton" ;
+  tail_N = regN "queue" ;
+  tongue_N = regN "langue" ;
+  tooth_N = regGenN "dent" feminine ;
+  wife_N = regN "femme" ;
+  wind_N = regN "vent" ;
+  wing_N = regN "aile" ;
+  worm_N = regN "ver" ;
+  year_N = regN "an" ; --- année
+  bite_V2 = mordre_V2 ; 
+  blow_V = regV "souffler" ;
+  breathe_V = regV "respirer" ;
+  burn_V = regV "brûler" ;
+  count_V2 = dirV2 (regV "conter") ;
+  cut_V2 = dirV2 (regV "tailler") ;
+  dig_V = regV "creuser" ;
+  fall_V = regV "tomber" ;
+  fight_V2 = dirV2 (regV "lutter") ;
+  float_V = regV "flotter" ;
+  flow_V = regV "couler" ;
+  fly_V = regV "voler" ;
+  freeze_V = reg3V "geler" "gèle" "gèlera" ;
+  give_V3 = dirdirV3 (regV "donner") ;
+  hit_V2 = dirV2 (regV "frapper") ;
+  hunt_V2 = dirV2 (regV "chasser") ;
+  kill_V2 = dirV2 (regV "tuer") ;
+  laugh_V =  rire_V2 ;
+  lie_V = reflV (v2V étendre_V2) ;
+  play_V = regV "jouer" ;
+  pull_V2 = dirV2 (regV "tirer") ;
+  push_V2 = dirV2 (regV "pousser") ;
+  rub_V2 = dirV2 (regV "frotter") ;
+  scratch_V2 = dirV2 (regV "gratter") ;
+  sew_V = coudre_V2 ;
+  sing_V = regV "chanter" ;
+  sit_V = reflV (v2V asseoir_V2) ;
+  smell_V = v2V ( sentir_V2) ;
+  spit_V = regV "cracher" ;
+  squeeze_V2 = dirV2 (regV "serrer") ;
+  stab_V2 = dirV2 (regV "poignarder") ;
+  stand_V = reflV (reg3V "lever" "lève" "lèvera") ;
+  suck_V2 = dirV2 (regV "sucer") ;
+  swell_V = regV "gonfler" ;
+  swim_V = regV "nager" ;
+  think_V = regV "penser" ;
+  throw_V2 = dirV2 (regV "jeter") ;
+  tie_V2 = dirV2 (regV "lier") ;
+  turn_V = regV "tourner" ;
+  vomit_V = regV "vomir" ;
+  wash_V2 = dirV2 (regV "laver") ;
+  wipe_V2 = dirV2 (regV "essuyer") ;
+
+    hold_V2 = tenir_V2 ;
+    split_V2 = fendre_V2 ;
+    sit_V = reflV (v2V asseoir_V2) ;
+
+  grammar_N = regN "grammaire" ;
+  language_N = regN "langue" ;
+  rule_N = regN "règle" ;
+
+    john_PN = regPN "Jean" ;
+    question_N = regN "question" ;
+    ready_A = regA "prêt" ;
+    reason_N = regGenN "raison" feminine ;
+    today_Adv = mkAdv "aujourd'hui" ;
+    uncertain_A = regA "incertain" ;
+
+
+} ;

lib/next-resource/french/NounFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+--# -path=.:romance:abstract:../common:prelude
+
+concrete NounFre of Noun = CatFre ** NounRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResFre) ;

lib/next-resource/french/NumeralFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+concrete NumeralFre of Numeral = CatFre ** 
+  open CommonRomance, ResRomance, MorphoFre, Prelude in {
+
+-- originally written in 1998, automatically translated to current notation...
+-- last modified 24/1/2006, adding ordinals
+
+-- Auxiliaries
+
+oper
+  digitPl : {s : DForm => Str; inh : DForm ; n : Number} ->
+            {s : CardOrd => DForm => Str ; inh : DForm ; n : Number} = \d -> {
+   s = \\co,df => let ds = d.s ! df in 
+     case co of {
+       NCard _ => ds ;
+       NOrd _ _  => case last ds of {
+         "q" => "uième" ;
+         "e" => init ds + "ième" ;
+         _ => ds + "ième"
+         }
+       } ;
+       inh = d.inh ; n = d.n
+  } ;
+
+  cardOrd : CardOrd -> Str -> Str -> Str = \co, x,y -> case co of {
+    NCard _ => x ; 
+    NOrd _ _ => y
+    } ;
+
+lincat 
+  Digit = {s : CardOrd => DForm => Str ; inh : DForm ; n : Number} ; 
+  Sub10 = {s : CardOrd => {p1 : DForm ; p2 : Place} => Str ; inh : Number} ;
+  Sub100 = {s : CardOrd => Place => Str ; n : Number} ;
+  Sub1000 = {s : CardOrd => Place => Str ; n : Number} ;
+  Sub1000000 = {s : CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} ;
+
+lin num x0 = x0 ;
+
+lin n2  =
+  digitPl {inh = unit ; n = Sg ; s = table {unit => "deux" ; teen => "douze" ; jten => "vingt" ; ten => "vingt" ; tenplus => "vingt"}} ;
+lin n3  =
+  digitPl {inh = unit ; n = Sg ; s = table {unit => "trois" ; teen => "treize" ; jten => "trente" ; ten => "trente" ; tenplus => "trente"}} ;
+lin n4  =
+   digitPl {inh = unit ; n = Sg ; s = table {unit => "quatre" ; teen => "quatorze" ; jten => "quarante" ; ten => "quarante" ; tenplus => "quarante"}} ;
+lin n5  =
+   digitPl {inh = unit ; n = Sg ; s = table {unit => "cinq" ; teen => "quinze" ; jten => "cinquante" ; ten => "cinquante" ; tenplus => "cinquante"}} ;
+lin n6  =
+   digitPl {inh = unit ; n = Sg ; s = table {unit => "six" ; teen => "seize" ; jten => "soixante" ; ten => "soixante" ; tenplus => "soixante"}} ;
+lin n7  =
+   digitPl {inh = teen ; n = Sg ; s = table {unit => "sept" ; teen => "dix-sept" ; jten => "soixante-dix" ; ten => "soixante-dix" ; tenplus => "soixante"}} ;
+lin n8  =
+   digitPl {inh = unit ; n = Pl ; s = table {unit => "huit" ; teen => "dix-huit" ; jten => "quatre-vingts" ; ten => "quatre-vingt" ; tenplus => "quatre-vingt"}} ;
+lin n9  =
+   digitPl {inh = teen ; n = Pl ; s = table {unit => "neuf" ; teen => "dix-neuf" ; jten => "quatre-vingt-dix" ; ten => "quatre-vingt-dix" ; tenplus => "quatre-vingt"}} ;
+
+lin pot01  =
+  {inh = Sg ; s = \\g => let dix = cardOrd g "dix" "dixième" in table {
+  {p1 = unit ; p2 = indep} => cardOrd g "un" "unième" ; {p1 = unit ; p2 = attr} => [] ; {p1 = teen ;
+  p2 = indep} => cardOrd g "onze" "onzième" ; {p1 = teen ; p2 = attr} => [] ; {p1 = jten ;
+  p2 = indep} => dix ; {p1 = jten ; p2 = attr} => [] ; {p1 = ten ;
+  p2 = indep} => dix ; {p1 = ten ; p2 = attr} => [] ; {p1 = tenplus
+  ; p2 = indep} => dix ; {p1 = tenplus ; p2 = attr} => []} ; n = Sg} ;
+lin pot0 d =
+  {inh = Pl ; s = \\g => table {{p1 = unit ; p2 = indep} => d.s ! g !  unit
+  ; {p1 = unit ; p2 = attr} => d.s ! g ! unit ; {p1 = teen ; p2 = indep}
+  => d.s ! g ! teen ; {p1 = teen ; p2 = attr} => d.s ! g ! teen ; {p1 = jten ;
+  p2 = indep} => d.s ! g ! jten ; {p1 = jten ; p2 = attr} => d.s ! g ! jten ;
+  {p1 = ten ; p2 = indep} => d.s ! g ! ten ; {p1 = ten ; p2 = attr} => d.s
+  ! g ! ten ; {p1 = tenplus ; p2 = indep} => d.s ! g ! tenplus ; {p1 = tenplus
+  ; p2 = attr} => d.s ! g ! tenplus} ; n = Pl} ;
+
+lin pot110  =
+  {s = \\g => table {_ => cardOrd g "dix" "dixième"} ; n = Pl} ;
+lin pot111  =
+  {s = \\g => table {_ => cardOrd g "onze" "onzième"} ; n = Pl} ;
+lin pot1to19 d =
+  {s = \\g => table {indep => d.s ! g ! teen ; attr => d.s ! g ! teen} ; n = Pl} ;
+lin pot0as1 n =
+  {s = \\g => table {indep => n.s ! g ! {p1 = unit ; p2 = indep} ;
+  attr => n.s ! g ! {p1 = unit ; p2 = attr}} ; n = n.inh} ;
+lin pot1 d =
+  {s = \\g => table {indep => d.s ! g ! jten ; attr => d.s ! g ! ten}
+  ; n = Pl} ;
+lin pot1plus d e =
+  {s = \\g => table {indep => (d.s ! (NCard Masc) ! tenplus) ++ (table {{p1 = Sg
+  ; p2 = Sg} => "et" ; {p1 = Sg ; p2 = pl} => "-" ; {p1 = Pl ; p2 =
+  Sg} => "-" ; {p1 = Pl ; p2 = pl} => "-"} ! {p1 = d.n ; p2 =
+  e.inh}) ++ e.s ! g ! {p1 = d.inh ; p2 = indep} ; attr => (d.s ! (NCard Masc) !
+  tenplus) ++ (table {{p1 = Sg ; p2 = Sg} => "et" ; {p1 = Sg ; p2 =
+  pl} => "-" ; {p1 = Pl ; p2 = Sg} => "-" ; {p1 = Pl ; p2 = pl} =>
+  "-"} ! {p1 = d.n ; p2 = e.inh}) ++ e.s ! g ! {p1 = d.inh ; p2 =
+  indep}} ; n = Pl} ;
+lin pot1as2 n = n ;
+lin pot2 d =
+  {s = \\g => table {indep => (d.s ! NCard Masc ! {p1 = unit ; p2 = attr})
+  ++ table {Sg => cardOrd g "cent" "centième" ; Pl => cardOrd g "cents" "centième"} ! (d.inh) ; attr => (d.s !
+  NCard Masc ! {p1 = unit ; p2 = attr}) ++ cardOrd g "cent" "centième"} ; n = Pl} ;
+lin pot2plus d e =
+  {s = \\g => table {indep => (d.s ! NCard Masc ! {p1 = unit ; p2 = attr})
+  ++ "cent" ++ e.s ! g ! indep ; attr => (d.s ! NCard Masc ! {p1 = unit ; p2
+  = attr}) ++ "cent" ++ e.s ! g ! indep} ; n = Pl} ;
+lin pot2as3 n =
+  {s = \\g => n.s ! g ! indep ; n = n.n} ;
+lin pot3 n =
+  {s = \\g => (n.s ! NCard Masc ! attr) ++ cardOrd g "mille" "millième" ; n = Pl} ;
+lin pot3plus n m =
+  {s = \\g => (n.s ! NCard Masc !  attr) ++  "mille" ++ m.s ! g ! indep ; n =
+  Pl} ;
+
+
+-- numerals as sequences of digits
+
+  lincat 
+    Dig = TDigit ;
+
+  lin
+    IDig d = d ;
+
+    IIDig d i = {
+      s = \\o => d.s ! NCard Masc ++ i.s ! o ;
+      n = Pl
+    } ;
+
+    D_0 = mkDig "0" ;
+    D_1 = mk3Dig "1" "1er" Sg ; ---- gender
+    D_2 = mk2Dig "2" "2ème" ;
+    D_3 = mk2Dig "3" "3ème" ;
+    D_4 = mkDig "4" ;
+    D_5 = mkDig "5" ;
+    D_6 = mkDig "6" ;
+    D_7 = mkDig "7" ;
+    D_8 = mkDig "8" ;
+    D_9 = mkDig "9" ;
+
+  oper
+    mk2Dig : Str -> Str -> TDigit = \c,o -> mk3Dig c o Pl ;
+    mkDig : Str -> TDigit = \c -> mk2Dig c (c + "ème") ;
+
+    mk3Dig : Str -> Str -> Number -> TDigit = \c,o,n -> {
+      s = table {NCard _ => c ; NOrd _ _ => o} ; ---- gender
+      n = n
+      } ;
+
+    TDigit = {
+      n : Number ;
+      s : CardOrd => Str
+    } ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/french/ParadigmsFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
+
+--1 French Lexical Paradigms
+--
+-- Aarne Ranta 2001 - 2006
+--
+-- This is an API for the user of the resource grammar 
+-- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
+-- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
+-- 
+-- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
+-- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$. 
+--
+-- The main difference with $MorphoFre.gf$ is that the types
+-- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
+-- had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather
+-- than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms.
+--
+-- The structure of functions for each word class $C$ is the following:
+-- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
+-- regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function $mkC$, which serves as an
+-- escape to construct the most irregular words of type $C$.
+-- However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
+-- separate module [``IrregFre`` ../../french/IrregFre.gf],
+-- which covers all irregularly inflected verbs.
+
+resource ParadigmsFre = 
+  open 
+    (Predef=Predef), 
+    Prelude, 
+    CommonRomance, 
+    ResFre, 
+    MorphoFre, 
+    CatFre in {
+
+  flags optimize=all ;
+
+--2 Parameters 
+--
+-- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
+
+oper
+  Gender : Type ; 
+
+  masculine : Gender ;
+  feminine  : Gender ;
+
+-- To abstract over number names, we define the following.
+
+  Number : Type ; 
+
+  singular : Number ;
+  plural   : Number ;
+
+-- Prepositions used in many-argument functions are either strings
+-- (including the 'accusative' empty string) or strings that
+-- amalgamate with the following word (the 'genitive' "de" and the
+-- 'dative' "à").
+
+  accusative : Prep ;
+  genitive   : Prep ;
+  dative     : Prep ;
+
+  mkPrep : Str -> Prep ;
+
+
+--2 Nouns
+
+  mkN : overload {
+
+-- The regular function uses heuristics to compute the
+-- plural and the gender from the singular. The plural 
+-- heuristic currently
+-- covers the cases "pas-pas", "prix-prix", "nez-nez", 
+-- "bijou-bijoux", "cheveu-cheveux", "plateau-plateaux", "cheval-chevaux".
+-- The gender heuristic is less reliable: it treats as feminine all
+-- nouns ending with "e" and "ion", all others as masculine.
+
+    mkN : (cheval : Str) -> N ;
+
+-- Adding gender information widens the scope of the regular pattern.
+
+    mkN : (foie : Str) -> Gender -> N ; 
+
+-- In the worst case, both singular and plural forms and the gender are needed. 
+
+    mkN : (oeil,yeux : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
+
+--3 Compound nouns 
+--
+-- Some nouns are ones where the first part is inflected as a noun but
+-- the second part is not inflected. e.g. "numéro de téléphone". 
+-- They could be formed in syntax, but we give a shortcut here since
+-- they are frequent in lexica.
+
+    mkN : N -> Str -> N
+  } ; 
+
+
+
+
+--3 Relational nouns 
+-- 
+-- Relational nouns ("fille de x") need a case and a preposition. 
+
+  mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ;
+
+-- The most common cases are the genitive "de" and the dative "à", 
+-- with the empty preposition.
+
+  deN2 : N -> N2 ;
+  aN2  : N -> N2 ;
+
+-- Three-place relational nouns ("la connection de x à y") need two prepositions.
+
+  mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
+
+
+--3 Relational common noun phrases
+--
+-- In some cases, you may want to make a complex $CN$ into a
+-- relational noun (e.g. "la vieille église de"). However, $N2$ and
+-- $N3$ are purely lexical categories. But you can use the $AdvCN$
+-- and $PrepNP$ constructions to build phrases like this.
+
+-- 
+--3 Proper names and noun phrases
+--
+-- Proper names need a string and a gender. If no gender is given, the
+-- feminine is used for strings ending with "e", the masculine for other strings.
+
+  mkPN  : overload {
+    mkPN : Str -> PN ;
+    mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN
+    } ;
+
+
+
+--2 Adjectives
+
+  mkA : overload {
+
+-- For regular adjectives, all forms are derived from the
+-- masculine singular. The heuristic takes into account certain
+-- deviant endings: "banal-banale-banaux", "chinois-chinoise-chinois", 
+-- "heureux-heureuse-heureux", "italien-italienne", "jeune-jeune",
+-- "amer-amère", "carré- - -carrément", "joli- - -joliment".
+
+    mkA : (cher : Str) -> A ;
+
+-- Often just the feminine singular is deviant.
+
+    mkA : (sec,seche : Str) -> A ;
+
+-- This is the worst-case paradigm for the positive forms.
+
+    mkA : (banal,banale,banaux,banalement : Str) -> A ;
+
+-- If comparison forms are irregular (i.e. not formed by "plus", e.g.
+-- "bon-meilleur"), the positive and comparative can be given as separate
+-- adjectives.
+
+    mkA : A -> A -> A
+  } ;
+
+-- The functions create by default postfix adjectives. To switch
+-- them to prefix ones (i.e. ones placed before the noun in
+-- modification, as in "petite maison"), the following function is
+-- provided.
+
+  prefixA : A -> A ;
+
+
+--3 Two-place adjectives
+--
+-- Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
+
+  mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
+
+
+--2 Adverbs
+
+-- Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
+-- after the verb. 
+
+  mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
+
+-- Some appear next to the verb (e.g. "toujours").
+
+  mkAdV : Str -> AdV ;
+
+-- Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
+
+  mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
+
+
+--2 Verbs
+--
+-- Irregular verbs are given in the module $IrregFre$. 
+-- If a verb should be missing in that list, the module
+-- $BeschFre$ gives all the patterns of the "Bescherelle" book.
+-- 
+-- Regular verbs are ones with the infinitive "er" or "ir", the
+-- latter with plural present indicative forms as "finissons".
+-- The regular verb function in the first conjugation recognizes
+-- these endings, as well as the variations among
+-- "aimer, céder, placer, peser, jeter, placer, manger, assiéger, payer".
+--
+-- Sometimes, however, it is not predictable which variant of the "er"
+-- conjugation is to be selected. Then it is better to use the function
+-- that gives the third person singular present indicative and future 
+-- (("il") "jette", "jettera") as second argument.
+
+  mkV : overload {
+    mkV : (finir : Str) -> V ;
+    mkV : (jeter,jette,jettera : Str) -> V ;
+
+-- The $IrregFre$ list gives some verbs as two-place. These verbs can be
+-- reused as one-place verbs.
+
+    mkV : V2 -> V
+  } ;
+
+-- The function $mkV$ gives the default compound auxiliary "avoir".
+-- To change it to "être", use the following function. 
+
+  etreV : V -> V ;
+
+-- This function turns a verb into reflexive, which implies the auxiliary "être".
+
+  reflV : V -> V ;
+
+
+--3 Two-place verbs
+--
+-- Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
+-- (transitive verbs). 
+
+  mkV2 = overload {
+    mkV2 : V -> V2 = dirV2 ;  
+    mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 = mmkV2
+  } ;
+
+
+--3 Three-place verbs
+--
+-- Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
+-- the first one or both can be absent.
+
+  mkV3 : overload {
+    mkV3 : V -> V3 ;                -- donner,_,_
+    mkV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ;        -- placer,_,dans
+    mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3  -- parler, à, de
+    } ;
+
+--3 Other complement patterns
+--
+-- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
+-- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
+
+  mkV0  : V -> V0 ;
+  mkVS  : V -> VS ;
+  mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ;
+  mkVV  : V -> VV ;  -- plain infinitive: "je veux parler"
+  deVV  : V -> VV ;  -- "j'essaie de parler"
+  aVV   : V -> VV ;  -- "j'arrive à parler"
+  mkV2V : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V ;
+  mkVA  : V -> VA ;
+  mkV2A : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A ;
+  mkVQ  : V -> VQ ;
+  mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q ;
+
+  mkAS  : A -> AS ;
+  mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ;
+  mkAV  : A -> Prep -> AV ;
+  mkA2V : A -> Prep -> Prep -> A2V ;
+
+-- Notice: categories $AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$,
+-- and the second argument is given as an adverb. Likewise 
+-- $V0$ is just $V$.
+
+  V0 : Type ;
+  AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
+
+--.
+--2 Definitions of the paradigms
+--
+-- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
+-- hidden from the document.
+
+
+  Gender = MorphoFre.Gender ; 
+  Number = MorphoFre.Number ;
+  masculine = Masc ;
+  feminine = Fem ;
+  singular = Sg ;
+  plural = Pl ;
+
+  Preposition = Compl ;
+  accusative = complAcc ** {lock_Prep = <>} ;
+  genitive = complGen ** {lock_Prep = <>} ;
+  dative = complDat ** {lock_Prep = <>} ;
+  mkPrep p = {s = p ; c = CPrep PNul ; isDir = False ; lock_Prep = <>} ;
+
+  --- obsolete
+  Preposition : Type ;
+  mkPreposition : Str -> Preposition ;
+  mkPreposition = mkPrep ;
+
+  regGenN : Str -> Gender -> N ;
+  regN : Str -> N ;
+  mk2N  : (oeil,yeux : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
+  mk2N x y g = mkCNomIrreg x y g ** {lock_N = <>} ;
+  regN x = regGenN x g where {
+    g = case <x : Str> of {
+     _ + ("e" | "ion") => Fem ;
+     _ => Masc
+     } 
+    } ;
+  regGenN x g = mkNomReg x g ** {lock_N = <>} ;
+  compN : N -> Str -> N ;
+  compN x y = {s = \\n => x.s ! n ++ y ; g = x.g ; lock_N = <>} ;
+
+  mkN = overload {
+    mkN : Str -> N = regN ;
+    mkN : Str -> Gender -> N = regGenN ; 
+    mkN : (oeil,yeux : Str) -> Gender -> N = mk2N ;
+    mkN : N -> Str -> N = compN 
+  } ; 
+
+
+  mkN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = p} ;
+  deN2 n = mkN2 n genitive ;
+  aN2 n = mkN2 n dative ;
+  mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = p ; c3 = q} ;
+
+  regPN x = mk2PN x g where {
+    g = case last x of {
+      "e" => feminine ;
+      _ => masculine
+      }
+    } ;
+
+  mkPN = overload {
+    mkPN : Str -> PN = regPN ;
+    mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN = \x,g -> {s = x ; g = g} ** {lock_PN = <>} ;
+    } ;
+
+  mk4A a b c d = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj a c b d).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  regA a = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdjReg a).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  prefA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; lock_A = <>} ;
+
+  mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = p ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
+
+  mkA = overload {
+    mkA : Str -> A = regA ;
+    mkA : (sec,seche : Str) -> A = \sec,seche -> mk4A sec seche (sec + "s") (seche + "ment") ; 
+    mkA : (banal,banale,banaux,banalement : Str) -> A = mk4A ;
+    mkA : A -> A -> A = mkADeg
+  };
+
+  prefixA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; lock_A = <>} ;
+
+  mkAdv x = ss x ** {lock_Adv = <>} ;
+  mkAdV x = ss x ** {lock_AdV = <>} ;
+  mkAdA x = ss x ** {lock_AdA = <>} ;
+
+  regV x = let v = vvf (mkVerbReg x) in {s = v ; vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  reg3V x y z = let v = vvf (mkVerb3Reg x y z) in {s = v ; vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  etreV v = {s = v.s ; vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  reflV v = {s = v.s ; vtyp = VRefl ; lock_V = <>} ;
+
+  mmkV3 v p q = v ** {c2 = p ; c3 = q ; lock_V3 = <>} ;
+  dirV3 v p = mmkV3 v accusative p ;
+  dirdirV3 v = dirV3 v dative ;
+
+  mkV3 = overload {
+    mkV3 : V -> V3 = dirdirV3 ;               -- donner,_,_
+    mkV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 = dirV3 ;          -- placer,_,sur
+    mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 = mmkV3    -- parler, à, de
+    } ;
+
+  V0 : Type = V ;
+  AS, AV : Type = A ;
+  A2S, A2V : Type = A2 ;
+
+  mkV0  v = v ** {lock_V0 = <>} ;
+  mkVS  v = v ** {m = \\_ => Indic ; lock_VS = <>} ;  ---- more moods
+  mkV2S v p = mmkV2 v p ** {mn,mp = Indic ; lock_V2S = <>} ;
+  mkVV  v = v ** {c2 = complAcc ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+  deVV  v = v ** {c2 = complGen ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+  aVV  v = v ** {c2 = complDat ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+  mkV2V v p q = mmkV3 v p q ** {lock_V2V = <>} ;
+  mkVA  v = v ** {lock_VA = <>} ;
+  mkV2A v p q = mmkV3 v p q ** {lock_V2A = <>} ;
+  mkVQ  v = v ** {lock_VQ = <>} ;
+  mkV2Q v p = mmkV2 v p ** {lock_V2Q = <>} ;
+
+  mkAS  v = v ** {lock_AS = <>} ; ---- more moods
+  mkA2S v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A2S = <>} ;
+  mkAV  v p = v ** {c = p.p1 ; s2 = p.p2 ; lock_AV = <>} ;
+  mkA2V v p q = mkA2 v p ** {s3 = q.p2 ; c3 = q.p1 ; lock_A2V = <>} ;
+
+--------------------------- obsolete
+
+  makeNP : Str -> Gender -> Number -> NP ; 
+  makeNP x g n = {s = (pn2np {s=x;g= g}).s; a = agrP3 g n ; hasClit = False} ** {lock_NP = <>} ;
+  regPN : Str -> PN ; 
+  mk2PN : Str -> Gender -> PN = \x,g -> {s = x ; g = g} ** {lock_PN = <>} ;
+
+  mkADeg : A -> A -> A ;
+  compADeg : A -> A ;
+
+  regA : Str -> A ;
+  mk4A : (banal,banale,banaux,banalement : Str) -> A ;
+
+  prefA : A -> A ;
+
+  mkADeg a b = 
+    {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => b.s ! Posit} ; isPre = a.isPre ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  compADeg a = 
+    {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => \\f => "plus" ++ a.s ! Posit ! f} ; 
+     isPre = a.isPre ;
+     lock_A = <>} ;
+  prefA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; lock_A = <>} ;
+
+  mkV = overload {
+    mkV : Str -> V = regV ;
+    mkV : (jeter,jette,jettera : Str) -> V = reg3V ;
+    mkV : V2 -> V = v2V
+  } ;
+
+  regV : Str -> V ;
+  reg3V : (jeter,jette,jettera : Str) -> V ;
+
+  mmkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
+  mmkV2 v p = v ** {c2 = p ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
+  dirV2 : V -> V2 = \v -> mmkV2 v accusative ;
+  v2V : V2 -> V ;
+  v2V v = v ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+
+  mmkV3    : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ;  -- parler, à, de
+  dirV3    : V -> Prep -> V3 ;          -- donner,_,à
+  dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ;                  -- donner,_,_
+
+
+} ;

lib/next-resource/french/PhonoFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+resource PhonoFre = open Prelude in {
+
+flags coding=utf8 ;
+
+oper 
+  voyelle : Strs = strs {
+    "a" ; "à" ; "â" ; "e" ; "é" ; "è" ; "ê¨" ; 
+    "h" ; 
+    "i" ; "î" ; "o" ; "ô" ; "u" ; "û" ; "y"
+    } ;
+
+  elision : Str -> Str = \d -> d + pre {"e" ; "'" / voyelle} ;
+
+-- The following morphemes are the most common uses of elision.
+
+  elisDe  = elision "d" ;
+  elisLa  = pre {"la" ; "l'" / voyelle} ;
+  elisLe  = elision "l" ;
+  elisNe  = elision "n" ;
+  elisQue = elision "qu" ;
+
+-- The subjunction "si" has a special kind of elision. The rule is
+-- only approximatively correct, for "si" is not really elided before
+-- the string "il" in general, but before the pronouns "il" and "ils".
+
+  elisSi = pre {"si" ; "s'" / strs {"il"}} ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/french/PhraseFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete PhraseFre of Phrase = CatFre ** PhraseRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResFre) ;

lib/next-resource/french/QuestionFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete QuestionFre of Question = CatFre ** QuestionRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResFre) ;

lib/next-resource/french/RelativeFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete RelativeFre of Relative = CatFre ** RelativeRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResFre) ;

lib/next-resource/french/ResFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+--1 French auxiliary operations.
+--
+---- This module contains operations that are needed to make the
+---- resource syntax work. To define everything that is needed to
+---- implement $Test$, it moreover contains regular lexical
+---- patterns needed for $Lex$.
+--
+
+instance ResFre of ResRomance = DiffFre ** open CommonRomance, Prelude in {
+
+flags optimize=noexpand ;
+
+} ;

lib/next-resource/french/SentenceFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete SentenceFre of Sentence = CatFre ** SentenceRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResFre) ;

lib/next-resource/french/StructuralFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+--# -path=.:../abstract:../romance:../common:prelude
+
+concrete StructuralFre of Structural = CatFre ** 
+  open PhonoFre, MorphoFre, ParadigmsFre, IrregFre, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all ; coding=utf8 ;
+
+lin
+
+  above_Prep = {s = ["au dessus"] ; c = MorphoFre.genitive ; isDir = False} ;
+  after_Prep = mkPreposition "après" ;
+  all_Predet = {
+    s = \\a,c => prepCase c ++ aagrForms "tout" "toute" "tous" "toutes" ! a ;
+    c = Nom
+    } ;
+  almost_AdA, almost_AdN = ss "presque" ;
+  always_AdV = ss "toujours" ;
+  although_Subj = ss ("bien" ++ elisQue) ** {m = Conjunct} ;
+  and_Conj = {s1 = [] ; s2 = "et" ; n = Pl} ;
+  because_Subj = ss ("parce" ++ elisQue) ** {m = Indic} ;
+  before_Prep = mkPreposition "avant" ;
+  behind_Prep = mkPreposition "derrière" ;
+  between_Prep = mkPreposition "entre" ;
+  both7and_DConj = {s1,s2 = "et" ; n = Pl} ;
+  but_PConj = ss "mais" ;
+  by8agent_Prep = mkPreposition "par" ;
+  by8means_Prep = mkPreposition "par" ;
+  can8know_VV = mkVV (savoir_V2 ** {lock_V = <>}) ;
+  can_VV = mkVV pouvoir_V ;
+  during_Prep = mkPreposition "pendant" ;
+  either7or_DConj = {s1,s2 = "ou" ; n = Pl} ;
+  everybody_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["tout le monde"] Masc) ;
+  every_Det = {s,sp = \\_,_ => "chaque" ; n = Sg ; s2 = []} ; ---- sp
+  everything_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["tout"] Masc) ;
+  everywhere_Adv = ss "partout" ;
+  few_Det  = {s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ "peu" ++ elisDe ; n = Pl ; s2 = []} ;
+--- DEPREC first_Ord = {s = \\ag => (regA "premier").s ! Posit ! AF ag.g ag.n} ;
+  for_Prep = mkPreposition "pour" ;
+  from_Prep = complGen ; ---
+  he_Pron = 
+    mkPronoun
+      "il" (elision "l") "lui" "lui" "son" (elisPoss "s") "ses"
+      Masc Sg P3 ;
+  here7from_Adv = ss "d'ici" ;
+  here7to_Adv = ss "ici" ;
+  here_Adv = ss "ici" ;
+  how_IAdv = ss "comment" ;
+  how8many_IDet = {s = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "combien" ++ elisDe ; n = Pl} ;
+  if_Subj = ss elisSi ** {m = Indic} ;
+  in8front_Prep = mkPreposition "devant" ;
+  i_Pron = 
+    mkPronoun
+      (elision "j") (elision "m") (elision "m") "moi" "mon" (elisPoss "m") "mes"
+      Masc Sg P1 ;
+  in_Prep = mkPreposition "dans" ;
+  it_Pron = 
+    mkPronoun
+      "il" (elision "l") "lui" "lui" "son" (elisPoss "s") "ses"
+      Masc Sg P3 ;
+  less_CAdv = ss "moins" ;
+  many_Det = {s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "plusieurs" ; n = Pl ; s2 = []} ;
+  more_CAdv = ss "plus" ;
+  most_Predet = {s = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ ["la plupart"] ; c = CPrep P_de} ;
+  much_Det = {s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "beaucoup" ++ elisDe ; n = Pl ; s2 = []} ;
+  must_VV = mkVV (devoir_V2 ** {lock_V = <>}) ;
+---b  no_Phr = ss "non" ;
+  no_Utt = ss "non" ;
+  on_Prep = mkPreposition "sur" ;
+--- DEPREC   one_Quant = {s = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "un" "une" ! g} ;
+  only_Predet = {s = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "seulement" ; c = Nom} ; --- seul(e)(s)
+  or_Conj = {s1 = [] ; s2 = "ou" ; n = Sg} ;
+  otherwise_PConj = ss "autrement" ;
+  part_Prep = complGen ;
+  please_Voc = ss ["s'il vous plaît"] ;
+  possess_Prep = complGen ;
+  quite_Adv = ss "assez" ;
+  she_Pron = 
+    mkPronoun
+      "elle" elisLa "lui" "elle" "son" (elisPoss "s") "ses"
+      Fem Sg P3 ;
+
+  so_AdA = ss "si" ;
+  somebody_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["quelqu'un"] Masc) ;
+  somePl_Det = {s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "quelques" ; n = Pl ; s2 = []} ; ---- sp
+  someSg_Det = {s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ elision "quelqu" ; n = Sg ; s2 = []} ; ----sp
+  something_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["quelque chose"] Masc) ;
+  somewhere_Adv = ss ["quelque part"] ; --- ne - pas
+
+  that_Quant = {
+    s = \\_ => table {
+      Sg => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ 
+                     genForms (pre {"ce" ; "cet" / voyelle}) "cette" ! g ;
+      Pl => \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "ces"
+      } ;
+    sp = table {
+      Sg => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "celui-là" "celle-là" ! g ;
+      Pl => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "celui-là" "celle-là" ! g
+      } ;
+    s2 = "-là"
+    } ;
+
+---b  that_NP = makeNP ["cela"] Masc Sg ;
+  there7from_Adv = ss ["de là"] ;
+  there7to_Adv = ss "là" ; --- y
+  there_Adv = ss "là" ;
+  therefore_PConj = ss "donc" ;
+---b  these_NP = makeNP ["ceux-ci"] Masc Pl ;
+  they_Pron = mkPronoun
+    "ils" "les" "leur" "eux" "leur" "leur" "leurs"
+    Masc Pl P3 ;
+
+  this_Quant = {
+    s = \\_ => table {
+      Sg => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ 
+                     genForms (pre {"ce" ; "cet" / voyelle}) "cette" ! g ;
+      Pl => \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "ces"
+      } ;
+    sp = table {
+      Sg => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "celui-ci" "celle-ci" ! g ;
+      Pl => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "celui-ci" "celle-ci" ! g
+      } ;
+    s2 = "-ci"
+    } ;
+
+---b  this_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["ceci"] Masc) ;
+---b  those_NP = makeNP ["ceux-là"] Masc Pl ;
+  through_Prep = mkPreposition "par" ;
+  too_AdA = ss "trop" ;
+  to_Prep = complDat ;
+  under_Prep = mkPreposition "sous" ;
+  very_AdA = ss "très" ;
+  want_VV = mkVV (vouloir_V2 ** {lock_V = <>}) ;
+  we_Pron = 
+    mkPronoun "nous" "nous" "nous" "nous" "notre" "notre" "nos"
+    Masc Pl P1 ;
+  whatSg_IP = 
+    {s = \\c => prepCase c ++ "quoi" ; a = a}
+    where {a = aagr Masc Sg} ;
+  whatPl_IP = 
+    {s = \\c => prepCase c ++ "quoi" ; a = a}
+    where {a = aagr Masc Pl} ;
+  when_IAdv = ss "quand" ;
+  when_Subj = ss "quand" ** {m = Indic} ;
+  where_IAdv = ss "où" ;
+  which_IQuant = {
+    s = \\n,g,c => 
+        prepCase c ++ aagrForms "quel" "quelle" "quels" "quelles" ! aagr g n
+    } ;
+---b  whichSg_IDet = {s = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "quel" "quelle" ! g ; n = Sg} ;
+---b  whichPl_IDet = {s = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "quels" "quelles" ! g; n = Pl} ;
+  whoPl_IP = {s = \\c => prepCase c ++ "qui" ; a = aagr Masc Pl} ;
+  whoSg_IP = {s = \\c => prepCase c ++ "qui" ; a = aagr Masc Sg} ;
+  why_IAdv = ss "pourquoi" ;
+  without_Prep = mkPreposition "sans" ;
+  with_Prep = mkPreposition "avec" ;
+  yes_Utt = ss "oui" ; --- si
+---b  yes_Phr = ss "oui" ; --- si
+  youSg_Pron = mkPronoun 
+    "tu" (elision "t") (elision "t") "toi" "ton" (elisPoss "t") "tes"
+    Masc Sg P2 ;
+  youPl_Pron, youPol_Pron = 
+    mkPronoun
+      "vous" "vous" "vous" "vous" "votre" "votre" "vos"
+       Masc Pl P2 ;
+
+}
+

lib/next-resource/french/VerbFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+--# -path=.:romance:abstract:../common:prelude
+
+concrete VerbFre of Verb = CatFre ** VerbRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResFre) ;

lib/next-resource/italian/AdjectiveIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete AdjectiveIta of Adjective = CatIta ** AdjectiveRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResIta) ;

lib/next-resource/italian/AdverbIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete AdverbIta of Adverb = CatIta ** AdverbRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResIta) ;

lib/next-resource/italian/AllIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+concrete AllIta of AllItaAbs = 
+  LangIta,
+--  IrregIta,
+  ExtraIta 
+  ** {} ;

lib/next-resource/italian/AllItaAbs.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+abstract AllItaAbs = 
+  Lang,
+--  IrregItaAbs,
+  ExtraItaAbs
+  ** {} ;

lib/next-resource/italian/CatIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+concrete CatIta of Cat = CommonX - [Temp,TTAnt,Tense,TPres,TPast,TFut,TCond] ** CatRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResIta) ;

lib/next-resource/italian/ConjunctionIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete ConjunctionIta of Conjunction = CatIta ** ConjunctionRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResIta) ;

lib/next-resource/italian/DiffIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+instance DiffIta of DiffRomance = open CommonRomance, PhonoIta, BeschIta, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all ;
+
+  param 
+    Prepos = P_di | P_a | P_da | P_in | P_su | P_con ;
+    VType = VHabere | VEsse | VRefl ;
+
+  oper
+    dative   : Case = CPrep P_a ;
+    genitive : Case = CPrep P_di ;
+
+    prepCase = \c -> case c of {
+      Nom | Acc => [] ;
+      CPrep p => case p of {
+        P_di => "di" ;
+        P_a  => pre {"a" ; "ad" / vocale} ;
+        P_da => "da" ;
+        P_in => "in" ;
+        P_su => "su" ;
+        P_con => "con"
+        }
+      } ;
+
+    artDef : Gender -> Number -> Case -> Str = \g,n,c ->
+      case <g,n,c> of {
+        <_, _, CPrep P_di>  => prepArt "de" ;
+        <_, _, CPrep P_da>  => prepArt "da" ;
+        <_, _, CPrep P_a>   => prepArt "a" ;
+        <_, _, CPrep P_in>  => prepArt "ne" ;
+        <_, _, CPrep P_su>  => prepArt "su" ;
+        <_, _, CPrep P_con> => prepArt "co" ;
+        <Masc,Sg, Nom| Acc> => elision "il" "l'" "lo" ;
+        <Fem ,Sg, _>        => elision "la" "l'" "la" ;
+        <Masc,Pl, _>        => elision "i" "gli" "gli" ;
+        <Fem ,Pl, _>        => "le"
+        } 
+       where {
+         prepArt : Tok -> Tok = \de -> case <g,n> of {
+           <Masc,Sg> => elision (de + "l")   (de + "ll'") (de + "llo") ;
+           <Masc,Pl> => elision (de + "i")   (de + "gli") (de + "gli") ;
+           <Fem, Sg> => elision (de + "lla") (de + "ll'") (de + "lla") ;
+           <Fem, Pl> => de + "lle"
+           }
+         } ;
+
+
+-- In these two, "de de/du/des" becomes "de".
+
+    artIndef = \g,n,c -> case <n,c> of {
+      <Sg,_>   => prepCase c ++ 
+                  genForms (elision "un" "un" "uno") (elision "una" "un'" "una") ! g ;
+      _        => prepCase c 
+      } ;
+
+    possCase = artDef ;
+
+    partitive = \g,c -> case c of {
+      CPrep P_di => "di" ;
+      _ => prepCase c ++ artDef g Sg (CPrep P_di)
+      } ;
+
+    conjunctCase : NPForm -> NPForm = \c -> case c of {
+      Ton Nom | Aton Nom => Ton Nom ;
+      _ => Ton Acc 
+      } ;
+
+    auxVerb : VType -> (VF => Str) = \vtyp -> case vtyp of {
+      VHabere => avere_V.s ;
+      _ => copula.s
+      } ;
+
+    partAgr : VType -> VPAgr = \vtyp -> case vtyp of {
+      VHabere => vpAgrNone ;
+      _ => VPAgrSubj
+      } ;
+
+    vpAgrClit : Agr -> VPAgr = \a ->
+      VPAgrClit a.g a.n ; --- subty
+
+    pronArg = \n,p,acc,dat ->
+      let 
+        pacc = case acc of {  --- only accusative refl handled
+          CRefl => case p of {
+            P3 => "si" ;
+            _  => argPron Fem n p Acc False --- no clitic after acc
+            } ;
+          CPron ag an ap => argPron ag an ap Acc False ;
+          _ => []
+          } ;
+        hasAcc = case acc of {
+          CNone => False ;
+          _ => True
+          } ;
+        hasDat = case dat of {
+          CNone => False ;
+          _ => True
+          } ;
+        pdat = case dat of {
+          CPron ag an ap => argPron ag an ap dative hasAcc ;
+          _ => []
+          } ;
+       in
+       <pdat ++ pacc, [], orB hasAcc hasDat> ;
+
+    infForm n p x y = (pronArg n p x y).p3 ;
+
+    mkImperative b p vp = {
+      s = \\pol,aag => 
+        let 
+          pe    = case b of {True => P3 ; _ => p} ;
+          agr   = aag ** {p = pe} ;
+          clpr  = pronArg agr.n agr.p vp.clAcc vp.clDat ;
+          verb  = case <aag.n, pol,pe> of {
+            <Sg,Neg,P2> => (vp.s ! VPInfinit Simul clpr.p3).inf ! aag ;
+            _ => (vp.s ! VPImperat).fin ! agr
+            } ;
+          neg   = vp.neg ! pol ;
+          compl = neg.p2 ++ clpr.p2 ++ vp.comp ! agr ++ vp.ext ! pol
+        in
+        neg.p1 ++ verb ++ bindIf clpr.p3 ++ clpr.p1 ++ compl ;
+      } ;
+
+    negation : Polarity => (Str * Str) = table {
+      Pos => <[],[]> ;
+      Neg => <"non",[]>
+      } ;
+
+    conjThan = "che" ; --- di
+    conjThat = "che" ;
+
+    subjIf = "se" ;
+
+    clitInf b cli inf = inf ++ bindIf b ++ cli ;
+
+    relPron : Bool => AAgr => Case => Str = \\b,a,c => 
+      case c of {
+        Nom | Acc => "che" ;
+        CPrep P_di => "cui" ;
+        _ => prepCase c ++ "cui" --- ilquale
+        } ;
+
+    pronSuch : AAgr => Str = aagrForms "tale" "tale" "tali" "tali" ;
+
+    quelPron : AAgr => Str = aagrForms "quale" "quale" "quali" "quali" ;
+
+    partQIndir = "ciò" ;
+
+    reflPron : Number -> Person -> Case -> Str = 
+      let 
+        cases : (x,y : Str) -> (Case -> Str) = \me,moi,c -> case c of {
+          Acc | CPrep P_a => me ;
+          _ => moi
+          } ;
+      in 
+      \n,p -> case <n,p> of { 
+        <Sg,P1> => cases "mi" "me" ;
+        <Sg,P2> => cases "ti" "te" ;
+        <Pl,P1> => cases "ci" "noi" ; -- unlike French with just one alt!
+        <Pl,P2> => cases "vi" "voi" ;
+        _ => cases "si" "se"
+        } ;
+
+    argPron : Gender -> Number -> Person -> Case -> Bool -> Str = 
+      let 
+        cases : (x,y,z : Str) -> Case -> Bool -> Str = 
+          \ci,ce,noi,c,isPre -> case c of {
+          Acc | CPrep P_a => if_then_Str isPre ce ci ;
+          _ => noi
+          } ;
+        cases4 : (x,y,z,u : Str) -> Case -> Bool -> Str =
+          \lo,gli,glie,lui,c,isPre -> case c of {
+          Acc => lo ; 
+          CPrep P_a => if_then_Str isPre glie gli ;
+          _ => lui
+          } ;
+      in 
+      \g,n,p -> case <g,n,p> of { 
+        <_,Sg,P1> => cases "mi" "me" "me" ;
+        <_,Sg,P2> => cases "ti" "te" "te" ;
+        <_,Pl,P1> => cases "ci" "ce" "noi" ; -- unlike French with just one alt!
+        <_,Pl,P2> => cases "vi" "ve" "voi" ;
+        <Masc,Sg,P3> => cases4 "lo" "gli" "glie" "lui" ;
+        <Fem, Sg,P3> => cases4 "la" "le"  "glie" "lei" ;
+        <_,   Pl,P3> => cases4 "li" "li" "glie"  "loro"
+        } ;
+
+    vRefl   : VType = VRefl ;
+    isVRefl : VType -> Bool = \ty -> case ty of {
+      VRefl => True ;
+      _ => False
+      } ;
+
+    auxPassive : Verb = venire_V ;
+
+    copula = verbBesch (essere_1 "essere") ** {vtyp = VEsse} ;
+    avere_V = verbBesch (avere_2 "avere") ** {vtyp = VHabere} ;
+    venire_V = verbBesch (venire_110 "venire") ** {vtyp = VEsse} ;
+}

lib/next-resource/italian/ExtraIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+concrete ExtraIta of ExtraItaAbs = ExtraRomanceIta ** 
+  open CommonRomance, ParadigmsIta, PhonoIta, MorphoIta, ParamX, ResIta in {
+
+  lin
+    i8fem_Pron = mkPronoun
+      "io" "mi" "mi" "me" "me" "mio" "mia" "miei" "mie"
+      Fem Sg P1 ;
+    these8fem_NP = makeNP ["queste"] Fem Pl ;
+    they8fem_Pron = mkPronoun
+      "loro" "loro" "li" "glie" "loro" "loro" "loro" "loro" "loro" 
+      Fem Pl P3 ;
+    this8fem_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["questa"] Fem) ;
+    those8fem_NP = makeNP ["quelle"] Fem Pl ;
+    we8fem_Pron = 
+      mkPronoun "noi" "ci" "ci" "ce" "noi" "nostro" "nostra" "nostri" "nostre"
+      Fem Pl P1 ;
+    whoPl8fem_IP = {s = \\c => prepCase c ++ "chi" ; a = aagr Fem Pl} ;
+    whoSg8fem_IP = {s = \\c => prepCase c ++ "chi" ; a = aagr Fem Sg} ;
+
+    youSg8fem_Pron = mkPronoun 
+      "tu" "ti" "ti" "te" "te" "tuo" "tua" "tuoi" "tue"
+      Fem Sg P2 ;
+    youPl8fem_Pron =
+      mkPronoun
+        "voi" "vi" "vi" "ve" "voi" "vostro" "vostra" "vostri" "vostre"
+        Fem Pl P2 ;
+    youPol8fem_Pron =
+      mkPronoun
+        "Lei" "La" "Le" "Glie" "Lei" "Suo" "Sua" "Suoi" "Sue"
+        Fem Sg P3 ;
+
+    youPolPl_Pron = mkPronoun
+      "Loro" "Loro" "Li" "Glie" "Loro" "Loro" "Loro" "Loro" "Loro" 
+      Masc Pl P3 ;
+    youPolPl8fem_Pron = mkPronoun
+      "Loro" "Loro" "Li" "Glie" "Loro" "Loro" "Loro" "Loro" "Loro" 
+      Fem Pl P3 ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/italian/ExtraItaAbs.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+-- Structures special for Italian. These are not implemented in other
+-- Romance languages.
+
+abstract ExtraItaAbs = ExtraRomanceAbs ** {
+
+  fun
+
+-- Feminine variants of pronouns (those in $Structural$ are
+-- masculine, which is the default when gender is unknown).
+
+    i8fem_Pron : Pron ;
+    these8fem_NP : NP ;
+    they8fem_Pron : Pron ;
+    this8fem_NP : NP ;
+    those8fem_NP : NP ;
+
+    we8fem_Pron : Pron ;
+    whoPl8fem_IP : IP ;
+    whoSg8fem_IP : IP ;
+
+    youSg8fem_Pron : Pron ;
+    youPl8fem_Pron : Pron ;
+    youPol8fem_Pron : Pron ;  -- Lei
+
+    youPolPl_Pron : Pron ;    -- Loro
+    youPolPl8fem_Pron : Pron ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/italian/ExtraRomanceIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete ExtraRomanceIta of ExtraRomanceAbs = CatIta ** ExtraRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResIta) ;

lib/next-resource/italian/GrammarIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+concrete GrammarIta of Grammar = 
+  NounIta, 
+  VerbIta, 
+  AdjectiveIta,
+  AdverbIta,
+  NumeralIta,
+  SentenceIta,
+  QuestionIta,
+  RelativeIta,
+  ConjunctionIta,
+  PhraseIta,
+  TextX  - [Temp,TTAnt,Tense,TPres,TPast,TFut,TCond],
+  IdiomIta,
+  StructuralIta
+
+  ** {
+
+flags startcat = Phr ; unlexer = text ; lexer = text ;
+
+} ;

lib/next-resource/italian/IdiomIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+concrete IdiomIta of Idiom = CatIta ** 
+  open (P = ParamX), PhonoIta, MorphoIta, BeschIta, ParadigmsIta, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+    ImpersCl vp = mkClause [] True (agrP3 Masc Sg) vp ;
+
+    GenericCl vp = 
+      mkClause [] True (agrP3 Masc Sg) (insertRefl vp) ;
+
+    CleftNP np rs = mkClause [] True (agrP3 Masc Sg) 
+      (insertComplement (\\_ => rs.s ! Indic ! np.a)
+        (insertComplement (\\_ => np.s ! Ton rs.c) (predV copula))) ;
+
+    CleftAdv ad s = mkClause [] True (agrP3 Masc Sg) 
+      (insertComplement (\\_ => conjThat ++ s.s ! Indic)
+        (insertComplement (\\_ => ad.s) (predV copula))) ;
+
+    ExistNP np = 
+      mkClause [] True (agrP3 np.a.g np.a.n) 
+        (insertClit2 (elision "ci" "c'" "ci") 
+          (insertComplement (\\_ => np.s ! Ton Nom) 
+            (predV copula))) ;
+
+    ExistIP ip = {
+      s = \\t,a,p,_ =>
+        ip.s ! Nom ++ 
+        (mkClause [] True (agrP3 ip.a.g ip.a.n) 
+           (insertClit2 (elision "ci" "c'" "ci") 
+              (predV copula))).s ! DDir ! t ! a ! p ! Indic
+      } ;
+
+    ProgrVP vpr =
+      let vp = useVP vpr in 
+      insertComplement 
+        (\\agr => 
+           let 
+             clpr = pronArg agr.n agr.p vp.clAcc vp.clDat ;
+             obj  = clpr.p2 ++ vp.comp ! agr ++ vp.ext ! Pos ---- pol
+           in
+           (vp.s ! VPGerund).inf ! (aagr agr.g agr.n) ++ clpr.p1 ++ obj
+        )
+        (predV (essereV (verboV (stare_16 "stare")))) ;
+
+    ImpPl1 vpr = let vp = useVP vpr in {s =
+      (mkImperative False P1 vp).s ! Pos ! {n = Pl ; g = Masc} --- fem
+      } ;
+
+}
+

lib/next-resource/italian/LangIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+concrete LangIta of Lang = 
+  GrammarIta,
+  LexiconIta
+  ** {
+
+flags startcat = Phr ; unlexer = text ; lexer = text ;
+
+} ;

lib/next-resource/italian/LexiconIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
+
+concrete LexiconIta of Lexicon = CatIta ** open 
+  MorphoIta, ParadigmsIta, BeschIta in {
+
+flags 
+  optimize=values ; coding=utf8 ;
+
+lin
+  airplane_N = regN "aereo" ;
+  answer_V2S = mkV2S (verboV (rispondere_76 "rispondere")) ParadigmsIta.dative ;
+  apartment_N = regN "apartamento" ;
+  apple_N = regN "mela" ;
+  art_N = femN (regN "arte") ;
+  ask_V2Q = mkV2Q (verboV (chiedere_29 "chiedere")) ParadigmsIta.dative ;
+  baby_N = regN "bambino" ;
+  bad_A = prefA (mkADeg (regA "cattivo") (regA "peggio")) ;
+  bank_N = regN "banca" ;
+  beautiful_A = prefA (regADeg "bello") ;
+  become_VA = essereV (regV "diventare") ;
+  beer_N = regN "birra" ;
+  beg_V2V = mkV2V (regV "pregare") ParadigmsIta.accusative ParadigmsIta.dative ;
+  big_A = prefA (regADeg "grande") ;
+  bike_N = regN "bicicletta" ;
+  bird_N = regN "uccello" ;
+  black_A = regADeg "nero" ;
+  blue_A = mkA "blù" "blù" "blù" "blù" "blumente" ;
+  boat_N = regN "batello" ;
+  book_N = regN "libro" ;
+  boot_N = regN "stivale" ;
+  boss_N = regN "capo" ;
+  boy_N = regN "ragazzo" ;
+  bread_N = regN "pane" ;
+  break_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (rompere_77 "rompere")) ;
+  broad_A = regADeg "largo" ;
+  brother_N2 = diN2 (regN "fratello") ;
+  brown_A = regADeg "marrone" ;
+  butter_N = regN "burro" ;
+  buy_V2 = dirV2 (regV "comprare") ;
+  camera_N = mkN ["macchina fotografica"]["macchine fotografiche"] feminine ; ---
+  cap_N = regN "berretta" ;
+  car_N = regN "macchina" ;
+  carpet_N = regN "tappeto" ;
+  cat_N = regN "gatto" ;
+  ceiling_N = regN "soffitto" ;
+  chair_N = regN "sedia" ;
+  cheese_N = regN "formaggio" ;
+  child_N = regN "bambino" ;
+  church_N = regN "chiesa" ;
+  city_N = regN "città" ;
+  clean_A = regADeg "proprio" ;
+  clever_A = regADeg "saggio" ;
+  close_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (chiudere_30 "chiudere")) ;
+  coat_N = regN "cappotto" ;
+  cold_A = regADeg "freddo" ;
+  come_V = essereV (verboV (venire_110 "venire")) ;
+  computer_N = regN "computer"  ;
+  country_N = regN "paese" ;
+  cousin_N = regN "cugino" ; --- cousine
+  cow_N = regN "vacca" ;
+  die_V = verboV (morire_105 "morire") ;
+  dirty_A = regADeg "sporco" ;
+  distance_N3 = mkN3 (regN "distanza") ParadigmsIta.genitive ParadigmsIta.dative ;
+  doctor_N = mkN "medico" "medici" masculine ;
+  dog_N = regN "cane" ;
+  door_N = regN "porta" ;
+  drink_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (bere_27 "bere")) ;
+  easy_A2V = mkA2V (regA "facile") ParadigmsIta.dative ParadigmsIta.genitive ;
+  eat_V2 = dirV2 (regV "mangiare") ;
+  empty_A = regADeg "vuoto" ;
+  enemy_N = regN "nemico" ;
+  factory_N = regN "stabilimento" ;
+  father_N2 = diN2 (regN "padre") ;
+  fear_VS = mkVS (verboV (temere_20 "temere")) ;
+  find_V2 = dirV2 (regV "trovare") ;
+  fish_N = regN "pesca" ;
+  floor_N = regN "pavimento" ;
+  forget_V2 = dirV2 (regV "dimenticare") ;
+  fridge_N = regN "frigorifero" ;
+  friend_N = regN "amico" ;
+  fruit_N = regN "frutta" ;
+  fun_AV = mkAV (regA "divertente") ParadigmsIta.genitive ;
+  garden_N = regN "giardino" ;
+  girl_N = regN "ragazza" ;
+  glove_N = regN "guanto" ;
+  gold_N = regN "oro" ;
+  good_A = prefA (mkADeg (regA "buono") 
+    (mkA "migliore" "migliore" "migliori" "migliori" "meglio")) ;
+  go_V = essereV (verboV (andare_14 "andare")) ;
+  green_A = regADeg "verde" ;
+  harbour_N = regN "porto" ;
+  hate_V2 = dirV2 (regV "odiare") ;
+  hat_N = regN "capello" ;
+  have_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (avere_2 "avere")) ;
+  hear_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (sentire_99 "sentire")) ;
+  hill_N = regN "collina" ;
+  hope_VS = mkVS (regV "sperare") ;
+  horse_N = regN "cavallo" ;
+  hot_A = regADeg "caldo" ;
+  house_N = regN "casa" ;
+  important_A = regADeg "importante" ;
+  industry_N = regN "industria" ;
+  iron_N = regN "ferro" ;
+  john_PN = mkPN "Giovanni" masculine ;
+  king_N = regN "ré" ;
+  know_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (conoscere_37 "conoscere")) ; --- savoir_V2 : VS
+  lake_N = regN "lago" ;
+  lamp_N = regN "lampa" ;
+  learn_V2 = dirV2 (regV "imparare") ;
+  leather_N = regN "cuoio" ;
+  leave_V2 = dirV2 (regV "lasciare") ;
+  like_V2 = dirV2 (regV "amare") ;
+  listen_V2 = dirV2 (regV "ascoltare") ;
+  live_V = verboV (vivere_95 "vivere") ;
+  long_A = regADeg "lungo" ;
+  lose_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (perdere_62 "perdere")) ;
+  love_N = regN "amore" ;
+  love_V2 = dirV2 (regV "amare") ;
+  man_N = mkN "uomo" "uomini" masculine ;
+  married_A2 = mkA2 (regA "sposato") ParadigmsIta.dative ;
+  meat_N = femN (regN "carne") ;
+  milk_N = regN "latte" ;
+  moon_N = regN "luna" ;
+  mother_N2 = diN2 (femN (regN "madre")) ;
+  mountain_N = regN "montagna" ;
+  music_N = regN "musica" ;
+  narrow_A = regADeg "stretto" ;
+  new_A = prefA (regADeg "nuovo") ;
+  newspaper_N = regN "giornale" ;
+  oil_N = regN "olio" ;
+  old_A =  prefA (regADeg "vecchio") ;
+  open_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (aprire_102 "aprire")) ;
+  paint_V2A = 
+    mkV2A (verboV (cingere_31 "pingere")) ParadigmsIta.accusative (mkPrep "in") ; ----
+  paper_N = regN "carta" ;
+  paris_PN = mkPN "Parigi" masculine ;
+  peace_N = femN (regN "pace") ;
+  pen_N = regN "penna" ;
+  planet_N = regN "pianeta" ;
+  plastic_N = regN "plastica" ;
+  play_V2 = dirV2 (regV "giocare") ;
+  policeman_N = regN "carabiniere" ;
+  priest_N = regN "prete" ;
+  probable_AS = mkAS (regA "probabile") ;
+  queen_N = regN "regina" ;
+  radio_N = mkN "radio" "radio" feminine ;
+  rain_V0 = mkV0 (verboV (piovere_66 "piovere")) ;
+  read_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (leggere_56 "leggere")) ;
+  red_A = regADeg "rosso" ;
+  religion_N = femN (regN "religione") ;
+  restaurant_N = regN "ristorante" ;
+  river_N = regN "fiume" ;
+  rock_N = regN "roccia" ;
+  roof_N = regN "tetto" ;
+  rubber_N = regN "gomma" ;
+  run_V = verboV (correre_38 "correre") ;
+  say_VS = mkVS (verboV (dire_41 "dire")) ;
+  school_N = regN "scuola" ;
+  science_N = regN "scienza" ;
+  sea_N = regN "mare" ;
+  seek_V2 = dirV2 (regV "cercare") ;
+  see_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (vedere_93 "vedere")) ;
+  sell_V3 = dirV3 (verboV (scendere_80 "vendere")) ParadigmsIta.dative ; ---- except some forms
+  send_V3 = dirV3 (regV "mandare") ParadigmsIta.dative ;
+  sheep_N = regN "agnello" ;
+  ship_N = femN (regN "nave") ;
+  shirt_N = regN "camicia" ;
+  shoe_N = regN "scarpa" ;
+  shop_N = regN "magazzino" ;
+  short_A = regADeg "corto" ; --- breve
+  silver_N = regN "argento" ;
+  sister_N = regN "sorella" ;
+  sleep_V = verboV (dormire_99b "dormire") ;
+  small_A = prefA (regADeg "piccolo") ;
+  snake_N = regN "serpente" ;
+  sock_N = regN "calza" ;
+  speak_V2 = dirV2 (regV "parlare") ;
+  star_N = regN "stella" ;
+  steel_N = regN "acciaio" ;
+  stone_N = regN "sasso" ;
+  stove_N = regN "forno" ;
+  student_N = regN "studente" ;
+  stupid_A = regADeg "stupido" ;
+  sun_N = regN "sole" ;
+  switch8off_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (cingere_31 "spingere")) ;
+  switch8on_V2 = dirV2 (regV "allumare") ; ----
+  table_N = regN "tavola" ; --- tavolo
+  talk_V3 = mkV3 (regV "parlare") ParadigmsIta.dative ParadigmsIta.genitive ;
+  teacher_N = regN "professore" ;
+  teach_V2 = dirV2 (regV "insegnare") ;
+  television_N = femN (regN "televisione") ;
+  thick_A = regADeg "grosso" ;
+  thin_A = regADeg "sottile" ;
+  train_N = regN "treno" ;
+  travel_V = regV "viaggare" ;
+  tree_N = regN "albero" ;
+ --- trousers_N = regN "pantalon" ;
+  ugly_A = regADeg "brutto" ;
+  understand_V2 = dirV2 (regV "capire") ;
+  university_N = regN "università" ;
+  village_N = regN "paese" ;
+  wait_V2 = mkV2 (regV "aspettare") ParadigmsIta.dative ;
+  walk_V = regV "camminare" ;
+  warm_A = regADeg "caldo" ;
+  war_N = regN "guerra" ;
+  watch_V2 = dirV2 (regV "guardare") ;
+  water_N = regN "acqua" ;
+  white_A = compADeg (regA "bianco") ;
+  window_N = regN "finestra" ;
+  wine_N = regN "vino" ;
+  win_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (vincere_94 "vincere")) ;
+  woman_N = regN "donna" ;
+  wonder_VQ = mkVQ (reflV (regV "domandare")) ;
+  wood_N = regN "legno" ;
+  write_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (scrivere_82 "scrivere")) ;
+  yellow_A = regADeg "giallo" ;
+  young_A = prefA (regADeg "giovane") ;
+
+  do_V2 =  dirV2 (verboV (fare_52 "fare")) ;
+  now_Adv = mkAdv "adesso" ;
+  already_Adv = mkAdv "già" ;
+  song_N = femN (regN "canzone") ;
+  add_V3 = dirV3 (verboV (giungere_55 "aggiungere")) ParadigmsIta.dative ;
+  number_N = regN "numero" ;
+  put_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (mettere_57 "mettere")) ;
+  stop_V = reflV (regV "fermare") ;
+  jump_V = regV "saltare" ;
+
+  left_Ord = mkOrd (regA "sinistro") ;
+  right_Ord = mkOrd (regA "destro") ;
+  far_Adv = mkAdv "lontano" ;
+  correct_A = regA "corretto" ;
+  dry_A = regA "secco" ;
+  dull_A = regA "noioso" ;
+  full_A = regA "pieno" ;
+  heavy_A = regA "pesante" ;
+  near_A = regA "vicino" ;
+  rotten_A = regA "marcio" ;
+  round_A = regA "rotondo" ;
+  sharp_A = regA "aguzzo" ;
+  smooth_A = regA "liscio" ;
+  straight_A = regA "diretto" ;
+  wet_A = regA "bagnato" ;
+  wide_A = regA "largo" ;
+  animal_N = regN "animale" ;
+  ashes_N = regN "cenere" ;
+  back_N = regN "schiena" ;
+  bark_N = regN "corteccia" ;
+  belly_N = regN "pancia" ;
+  blood_N = regN "sangue" ;
+  bone_N = regN "osso" ;
+  breast_N = regN "seno" ;
+  cloud_N = regN "nuvola" ;
+  day_N = regN "giorno" ;
+  dust_N = regN "polvere" ;
+  ear_N = regN "orecchio" ;
+  earth_N = regN "terra" ;
+  egg_N = mkN "uovo" "uova" masculine ; -- fem in Pl
+  eye_N = regN "occhio" ;
+  fat_N = regN "grasso" ;
+  feather_N = regN "piuma" ;
+  fingernail_N = regN "unghia" ;
+  fire_N = regN "fuoco" ;
+  flower_N = regN "fiore" ;
+  fog_N = regN "nebbia" ;
+  foot_N = regN "piede" ;
+  forest_N = regN "bosco" ;
+  grass_N = regN "erba" ;
+  guts_N = regN "intestino" ;
+  hair_N = regN "capello" ;
+  hand_N = femN (regN "mano") ;
+  head_N = regN "testa" ;
+  heart_N = regN "cuore" ;
+  horn_N = regN "corno" ;
+  husband_N = regN "marito" ;
+  ice_N = regN "ghiaccio" ;
+  knee_N = regN "ginocchio" ;
+  leaf_N = regN "foglia" ;
+  leg_N = regN "gamba" ;
+  liver_N = regN "fegato" ;
+  louse_N = regN "pidocchio" ;
+  mouth_N = regN "bocca" ;
+  name_N = regN "nome" ;
+  neck_N = regN "collo" ;
+  night_N = femN (regN "notte") ;
+  nose_N = regN "naso" ;
+  person_N = regN "persona" ;
+  rain_N = regN "pioggia" ;
+  road_N = regN "strada" ;
+  root_N = femN (regN "radice") ;
+  rope_N = regN "corda" ;
+  salt_N = regN "sale" ;
+  sand_N = regN "sabbia" ;
+  seed_N = regN "seme" ;
+  skin_N = femN (regN "pelle") ;
+  sky_N = regN "cielo" ;
+  smoke_N = regN "fumo" ;
+  snow_N = femN (regN "neve") ;
+  stick_N = regN "bastone" ;
+  tail_N = regN "coda" ;
+  tongue_N = regN "lingua" ;
+  tooth_N = regN "dente" ;
+  wife_N = regN "donna" ;
+  wind_N = regN "vento" ;
+  wing_N = regN "ala" ;
+  worm_N = regN "verme" ;
+  year_N = regN "anno" ;
+  bite_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (esplodere_51 "mordere")) ;
+  blow_V = regV "soffiare" ;
+  burn_V = regV "bruciare" ;
+  count_V2 = dirV2 (regV "contare") ;
+  cut_V2 = dirV2 (regV "tagliare") ;
+  dig_V = regV "scavare" ;
+  fall_V = essereV (verboV (cadere_28 "cadere")) ;
+  fear_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (temere_20 "temere")) ;
+  fight_V2 = dirV2 (regV "lottare") ;
+  float_V = regV "galleggiare" ;
+  flow_V = verboV (finire_100 "fluire") ;
+  fly_V = regV "volare" ;
+  freeze_V = regV "gelare" ;
+  give_V3 = dirdirV3 (verboV (dare_15 "dare")) ;
+  hit_V2 = dirV2 (regV "colpire") ;
+  hold_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (venire_110 "tenire")) ;
+  hunt_V2 = dirV2 (regV "cacciare") ;
+  kill_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (ridere_74 "uccidere")) ;
+  laugh_V = verboV (ridere_74 "ridere") ;
+  lie_V = verboV (piacere_64 "giacere") ;
+  play_V = regV "giocare" ;
+  pull_V2 = dirV2 (regV "tirare") ;
+  push_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (cingere_31 "spingere")) ;
+  rub_V2 = dirV2 (regV "strofinare") ;
+  scratch_V2 = dirV2 (regV "graffiare") ;
+  sew_V = verboV (cucire_103 "cucire") ;
+  sing_V = regV "cantare" ;
+  sit_V = reflV (verboV (sedere_84 "sedere")) ;
+  smell_V = verboV (sentire_99 "sentire") ;
+  spit_V = regV "sputare" ;
+  split_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (ridere_74 "dividere")) ;
+  squeeze_V2 = dirV2 (verboV (temere_20 "spremere")) ;
+  stab_V2 = dirV2 (regV "pugnalare") ;
+  stand_V = verboV (stare_16 "stare") ;   ---- in piedi
+  suck_V2 = dirV2 (regV "succhiare") ;
+  swell_V = regV "gonfiare" ;
+  swim_V = regV "nuotare" ;
+  think_V = regV "pensare" ;
+  throw_V2 = dirV2 (regV "gettare") ;
+  tie_V2 = dirV2 (regV "legare") ;
+  turn_V = regV "tornare" ;
+  vomit_V = regV "vomitare" ;
+  wash_V2 = dirV2 (regV "lavare") ;
+  wipe_V2 = dirV2 (regV "asciugare") ;
+    breathe_V = (regV "respirare") ;
+
+  grammar_N = regN "grammatica" ;
+  language_N = regN "lingua" ;
+  rule_N = regN "regola" ;
+
+  question_N = regN "domanda" ;
+  today_Adv = mkAdv "oggi" ;
+
+} ;

lib/next-resource/italian/MorphoIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../common:../../prelude
+
+--1 A Simple Italian Resource Morphology
+--
+-- Aarne Ranta 2002 -- 2005
+--
+-- This resource morphology contains definitions needed in the resource
+-- syntax. To build a lexicon, it is better to use $ParadigmsIta$, which
+-- gives a higher-level access to this module.
+
+resource MorphoIta = CommonRomance, ResIta ** 
+  open PhonoIta, Prelude, Predef in {
+
+  flags optimize=all ;
+
+
+
+--2 Nouns
+--
+-- The following macro is useful for creating the forms of number-dependent
+-- tables, such as common nouns.
+
+oper
+  numForms : (_,_ : Str) -> Number => Str = \vino, vini ->
+    table {Sg => vino ; Pl => vini} ; 
+
+-- For example:
+
+  nomVino : Str -> Number => Str = \vino -> let {vin = Predef.tk 1 vino} in
+    numForms vino (vin + "i") ;
+
+  nomRana : Str -> Number => Str = \rana -> let {ran = Predef.tk 1 rana} in
+    numForms rana (ran + "e") ;
+
+  nomSale : Str -> Number => Str = \sale -> let {sal = Predef.tk 1 sale} in
+    numForms sale (sal + "i") ;
+
+  nomTram : Str -> Number => Str = \tram ->
+    numForms tram tram ;
+
+-- Common nouns are inflected in number and have an inherent gender.
+
+  mkNoun : (Number => Str) -> Gender -> Noun = \mecmecs,gen -> 
+    {s = mecmecs ; g = gen} ;
+
+  mkNounIrreg : Str -> Str -> Gender -> Noun = \mec,mecs -> 
+    mkNoun (numForms mec mecs) ;
+
+  mkNomReg : Str -> Noun = \vino -> 
+   let
+     o = last vino ;
+     vin = init vino ;
+     n = last vin
+   in
+   case o of {
+     "o" => {s = case n of {
+       "c" | "g" => numForms vino (vin + "hi") ;
+       "i"       => numForms vino vin ;
+       _         => numForms vino (vin + "i")
+       } ; g = Masc} ;
+     "a" => {s = case n of {
+       "c" | "g" => numForms vino (vin + "he") ;
+       _         => numForms vino (vin + "e")
+       } ; g = Fem} ;
+     "e" => {s = numForms vino (vin + "i")
+       ; g = Masc} ;
+     "à" | "ù" => {s = numForms vino vino
+       ; g = Fem} ;
+     _ => {s = numForms vino vino
+       ; g = Masc}
+     } ;
+
+
+
+--2 Adjectives
+--
+-- Adjectives are conveniently seen as gender-dependent nouns.
+-- Here are some patterns. First one that describes the worst case.
+
+  mkAdj : (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Adj = \solo,sola,soli,sole,solamente ->
+    {s = table {
+       AF Masc n => numForms solo soli ! n ;
+       AF Fem  n => numForms sola sole ! n ;
+       AA        => solamente
+       }
+    } ;
+
+-- Then the regular and invariant patterns.
+
+  adjSolo : Str -> Adj = \solo -> 
+    let 
+      sol = Predef.tk 1 solo
+    in
+    mkAdj solo (sol + "a") (sol + "i") (sol + "e") (sol + "amente") ;
+
+  adjTale : Str -> Adj = \tale -> 
+    let 
+      tal  = Predef.tk 1 tale ;
+      tali = tal + "i" ;
+      tala = if_then_Str (pbool2bool (Predef.occur (Predef.dp 1 tal) "lr")) tal tale
+    in
+    mkAdj tale tale tali tali (tala + "mente") ;
+
+  adjBlu : Str -> Adj = \blu -> 
+    mkAdj blu blu blu blu blu ; --- 
+
+
+  mkAdjReg : Str -> Adj = \solo ->
+   let
+     o = last solo ;
+     sol = init solo ;
+     l = last sol ;
+     solamente = (sol + "amente")
+   in
+   case o of {
+     "o" => case l of {
+       "c" | "g" => mkAdj solo (sol + "a") (sol + "hi") (sol + "he") solamente ;
+       "i"       => mkAdj solo (sol + "a") sol (sol + "e") solamente ;
+       _         => mkAdj solo (sol + "a") (sol + "i") (sol + "e") solamente
+       } ;
+     "e" => mkAdj solo solo (sol + "i") (sol + "i") (case l of {
+       "l" => sol + "mente" ;
+       _   => solo + "mente"
+       }) ;
+     _ => mkAdj solo solo solo solo (sol + "mente")
+     } ;
+
+
+--2 Personal pronouns
+--
+-- All the eight personal pronouns can be built by the following macro.
+-- The use of "ne" as atonic genitive is debatable.
+-- We follow the rule that the atonic nominative is empty.
+-- (The form $glie$ is no longer used, and also the other clitics are
+-- given in $DiffIta.argPron$ and therefore wouldn't be needed in the
+-- pronoun itself.)
+
+  mkPronoun : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> 
+              Gender -> Number -> Person -> Pronoun =
+    \il,le,lui,glie,Lui,son,sa,ses,see,g,n,p ->
+    {s = table {
+       Ton Nom => il ;
+       Ton x => prepCase x ++ Lui ;
+       Aton Nom => strOpt il ; -- [] or il
+       Aton Acc => le ;
+       Aton (CPrep P_di) => "ne" ; --- hmm
+       Aton (CPrep P_a) => lui ;
+       Aton q       => prepCase q ++ Lui ; ---- GF bug with c or p!
+       Poss {n = Sg ; g = Masc} => son ;
+       Poss {n = Sg ; g = Fem}  => sa ;
+       Poss {n = Pl ; g = Masc} => ses ;
+       Poss {n = Pl ; g = Fem}  => see
+       } ;
+     a = {g = g ; n = n ; p = p} ;
+     hasClit = True
+    } ;
+
+--2 Determiners
+--
+-- Determiners, traditionally called indefinite pronouns, are inflected
+-- in gender and number, like adjectives.
+
+  pronForms : Adj -> Gender -> Number -> Str = \tale,g,n -> tale.s ! AF g n ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/italian/NounIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete NounIta of Noun = CatIta ** NounRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResIta) ;

lib/next-resource/italian/NumeralIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+concrete NumeralIta of Numeral = CatIta ** 
+  open CommonRomance, ResRomance, MorphoIta, Prelude in {
+
+lincat 
+  Digit = {s : DForm => CardOrd => Str} ;
+  Sub10 = {s : DForm => CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} ;
+  Sub100 = {s : CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} ;
+  Sub1000 = {s : CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} ;
+  Sub1000000 = {s : CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} ;
+
+lin num x = x ;
+
+lin n2 = mkTal "due"     "dodici"      "venti"     "secondo" ;
+lin n3 = mkTal "tre"     "tredici"     "trenta"    "terzo" ;
+lin n4 = mkTal "quattro" "quattordici" "quaranta"  "quarto" ;
+lin n5 = mkTal "cinque"  "quindici"    "cinquanta" "quinto" ;
+lin n6 = mkTal "sei"     "sedici"      "sessanta"  "sesto" ;
+lin n7 = mkTal "sette"   "diciassette" "settanta"  "settimo" ; --- diciasettesimo?
+lin n8 = mkTal "otto"    "diciotto"    "ottanta"   "ottavo" ;
+lin n9 = mkTal "nove"    "diciannove"  "novanta"   "nono" ;
+
+lin pot01 = 
+  let uno = (mkTal "uno" "undici" "dieci" "primo").s in
+  {s =\\f,g => case f of {
+     ental pred => [] ;
+     _ => uno ! f ! g
+     } ; 
+   n = Sg} ;
+
+lin pot0 d = {s = d.s ; n = Pl} ;
+lin pot110 = spl ((mkTal "dieci" [] [] "decimo").s ! ental indip) ;
+lin pot111 = spl ((mkTal "undici" [] [] "undicesimo").s ! ental indip) ;
+lin pot1to19 d = spl (d.s ! ton) ;
+lin pot0as1 n = {s = n.s ! ental indip ; n = n.n} ;
+lin pot1 d = spl (d.s ! tiotal) ;
+lin pot1plus d e = 
+  {s = \\g => d.s ! tiotal ! NCard Masc ++ e.s ! ental indip ! g ; n = Pl} ;
+lin pot1as2 n = n ;
+lin pot2 d = spl (\\co => d.s ! ental pred ! NCard Masc ++ 
+  (mkTal "cento" [] [] "centesimo").s ! ental indip ! co) ;
+lin pot2plus d e = 
+  {s = \\g => d.s ! ental pred ! NCard Masc ++ "cento" ++ e.s ! g ; n = Pl} ;
+lin pot2as3 n = n ;
+lin pot3 n = spl (\\co => n.s ! NCard Masc ++ 
+  (mkTal (mille ! n.n) [] [] "millesimo").s ! ental indip ! co) ;
+lin pot3plus n m = {s = \\g => n.s ! NCard Masc ++ mille ! n.n ++ m.s ! g ; n = Pl} ;
+
+oper
+  mkTal : (x1,_,_,x4 : Str) -> {s : DForm => CardOrd => Str} =
+    \due,dodici,venti,secondo -> {s = \\d,co => case <d,co> of {
+       <ental _, NCard _>  => due ;
+       <ental _, NOrd g n> => pronForms (adjSolo secondo) g n ;
+       <tiotal,  NCard _>  => venti ;
+       <tiotal,  NOrd g n> => regCard venti g n ;
+       <ton,     NCard _>  => venti ;
+       <ton,     NOrd g n> => regCard venti g n
+       }
+    } ;
+
+  regCard : Str -> Gender -> Number -> Str = \venti ->
+    pronForms (adjSolo (init venti + "esimo")) ;
+
+  spl : (CardOrd => Str) -> {s : CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} = \s -> {
+    s = s ;
+    n = Pl
+    } ;
+
+oper mille : Number => Str = table {Sg => "mille" ; Pl => "mila"} ;
+param DForm = ental Pred | ton | tiotal  ;
+param Pred = pred | indip ;
+
+
+-- numerals as sequences of digits
+
+  lincat 
+    Dig = TDigit ;
+
+  lin
+    IDig d = d ;
+
+    IIDig d i = {
+      s = \\o => d.s ! NCard Masc ++ i.s ! o ;
+      n = Pl
+    } ;
+
+    D_0 = mkDig "0" ;
+    D_1 = mk3Dig "1" "1:o" Sg ; ---- gender
+    D_2 = mk2Dig "2" "2:o" ;
+    D_3 = mk2Dig "3" "3:o" ;
+    D_4 = mkDig "4" ;
+    D_5 = mkDig "5" ;
+    D_6 = mkDig "6" ;
+    D_7 = mkDig "7" ;
+    D_8 = mkDig "8" ;
+    D_9 = mkDig "9" ;
+
+  oper
+    mk2Dig : Str -> Str -> TDigit = \c,o -> mk3Dig c o Pl ;
+    mkDig : Str -> TDigit = \c -> mk2Dig c (c + ":o") ;
+
+    mk3Dig : Str -> Str -> Number -> TDigit = \c,o,n -> {
+      s = table {NCard _ => c ; NOrd _ _ => o} ; ---- gender
+      n = n
+      } ;
+
+    TDigit = {
+      n : Number ;
+      s : CardOrd => Str
+    } ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/italian/ParadigmsIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
+
+--1 Italian Lexical Paradigms
+--
+-- Aarne Ranta 2003
+--
+-- This is an API for the user of the resource grammar 
+-- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
+-- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
+-- 
+-- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
+-- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$. 
+--
+-- The main difference with $MorphoIta.gf$ is that the types
+-- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
+-- had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather
+-- than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms.
+--
+-- The structure of functions for each word class $C$ is the following:
+-- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
+-- regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function $mkC$, which serves as an
+-- escape to construct the most irregular words of type $C$.
+-- However, this function should only seldom be needed. For verbs, we have a
+-- separate module [``BeschIta`` ../../italian/BeschIta.gf],
+-- which covers the "Bescherelle" verb conjugations.
+
+resource ParadigmsIta = 
+  open 
+    (Predef=Predef), 
+    Prelude, 
+    CommonRomance, 
+    ResIta, 
+    MorphoIta, 
+    BeschIta,
+    CatIta in {
+
+  flags optimize=all ;
+
+--2 Parameters 
+--
+-- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
+
+oper
+  Gender : Type ; 
+
+  masculine : Gender ;
+  feminine  : Gender ;
+
+-- To abstract over number names, we define the following.
+
+  Number : Type ; 
+
+  singular : Number ;
+  plural   : Number ;
+
+-- Prepositions used in many-argument functions are either strings
+-- (including the 'accusative' empty string) or strings that
+-- amalgamate with the following word (the 'genitive' "di" and the
+-- 'dative' "a").
+
+  --Prep : Type ;
+
+  accusative : Prep ;
+  genitive   : Prep ;
+  dative     : Prep ;
+
+  mkPrep : Str -> Prep ;
+
+-- The following prepositions also have special contracted forms.
+
+  con_Prep, da_Prep, in_Prep, su_Prep : Prep ;
+
+--2 Nouns
+
+  mkN : overload {
+
+-- The regular function takes the singular form and the gender,
+-- and computes the plural and the gender by a heuristic. 
+-- The heuristic says that the gender is feminine for nouns
+-- ending with "a", and masculine for all other words.
+
+    mkN : (cane : Str) -> N ;
+
+-- To force a different gender, give it explicitly.
+
+    mkN : (carne : Str) -> Gender -> N ; 
+
+-- Worst case: give both two forms and the gender. 
+
+    mkN : (uomo,uomini : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
+
+-- In *compound nouns*, the first part is inflected as a noun but
+-- the second part is not inflected. e.g. "numero di telefono". 
+-- They could be formed in syntax, but we give a shortcut here since
+-- they are frequent in lexica.
+
+    mkN : N -> Str -> N
+    } ;
+
+
+
+
+--3 Relational nouns 
+-- 
+-- Relational nouns ("figlio di x") need a case and a preposition. 
+-- The default is regular nouns with the genitive "di".
+
+  mkN2 : overload {
+    mkN2 : Str -> N2 ;
+    mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2
+  } ;
+
+-- Three-place relational nouns ("la connessione di x a y") need two prepositions.
+
+  mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
+
+
+--3 Relational common noun phrases
+--
+-- In some cases, you may want to make a complex $CN$ into a
+-- relational noun (e.g. "la vecchia chiesa di"). However, $N2$ and
+-- $N3$ are purely lexical categories. But you can use the $AdvCN$
+-- and $PrepNP$ constructions to build phrases like this.
+
+-- 
+--3 Proper names and noun phrases
+--
+-- Proper names need a string and a gender. The gender is by default feminine if
+-- the name ends with an "a", and masculine otherwise.
+
+  mkPN : overload {
+    mkPN : Str -> PN ;
+    mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN
+  } ;
+
+
+
+--2 Adjectives
+
+  mkA : overload {
+
+-- For regular adjectives, all forms are derived from the
+-- masculine singular. Comparison is formed by "più".
+
+    mkA : (bianco : Str) -> A ;
+
+-- Five forms are needed in the worst
+-- case (masc and fem singular, masc plural, adverbial), given that
+-- comparison is formed by "più".
+
+    mkA : (solo,sola,soli,sole,solamente : Str) -> A ;
+
+-- With irregular comparison, there are as it were two adjectives:
+-- the positive ("buono") and the comparative ("migliore"). 
+
+    mkA : A -> A -> A
+    } ;
+
+-- All the functions above create postfix adjectives. To switch
+-- them to prefix ones (i.e. ones placed before the noun in
+-- modification, as in "vecchia chiesa"), the following function is
+-- provided.
+
+    prefixA : A -> A = prefA ;
+
+
+
+--3 Two-place adjectives
+--
+-- Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
+
+  mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
+
+
+
+--2 Adverbs
+
+-- Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
+-- after the verb. 
+
+  mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
+
+-- Some appear next to the verb (e.g. "sempre").
+
+  mkAdV : Str -> AdV ;
+
+-- Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
+
+  mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
+
+
+--2 Verbs
+
+  mkV : overload {
+
+-- Regular verbs are ones with the infinitive "are" or "ire", the
+-- latter with singular present indicative forms as "finisco".
+-- The regular verb function is the first conjugation recognizes
+-- these endings, as well as the variations among
+-- "amare, cominciare, mangiare, legare, cercare".
+
+    mkV : Str -> V ;
+ 
+-- The module $BeschIta$ gives (almost) all the patterns of the "Bescherelle"
+-- book. To use them in the category $V$, wrap them with the function
+
+    mkV : Verbo -> V ;
+
+-- If $BeschIta$ does not give the desired result or feels difficult
+-- to consult, here is a worst-case function for "-ire" and "-ere" verbs,
+-- taking 11 arguments.
+
+    mkV : (udire,odo,ode,udiamo,udiro,udii,udisti,udi,udirono,odi,udito : Str) -> V 
+    } ;
+
+-- The function $regV$ gives all verbs the compound auxiliary "avere".
+-- To change it to "essere", use the following function.
+-- Reflexive implies "essere".
+
+  essereV : V -> V ;
+  reflV : V -> V ;
+
+
+--3 Two-place verbs
+--
+-- Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
+-- (transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the $V$.
+
+  mkV2 : overload {
+    mkV2 : Str -> V2 ;
+    mkV2 : V -> V2 ;
+    mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2
+    } ;
+
+-- You can reuse a $V2$ verb in $V$.
+
+  v2V : V2 -> V ;
+
+--3 Three-place verbs
+--
+-- Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
+-- the first one or both can be absent.
+
+  mkV3     : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ; -- parlare, a, di
+  dirV3    : V -> Prep -> V3 ;         -- dare,_,a
+  dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ;                 -- dare,_,_
+
+
+--3 Other complement patterns
+--
+-- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
+-- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
+
+  mkV0  : V -> V0 ;
+  mkVS  : V -> VS ;
+  mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ;
+  mkVV  : V -> VV ;  -- plain infinitive: "voglio parlare"
+  deVV  : V -> VV ;  -- "cerco di parlare"
+  aVV   : V -> VV ;  -- "arrivo a parlare"
+  mkV2V : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V ;
+  mkVA  : V -> VA ;
+  mkV2A : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A ;
+  mkVQ  : V -> VQ ;
+  mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q ;
+
+  mkAS  : A -> AS ;
+  mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ;
+  mkAV  : A -> Prep -> AV ;
+  mkA2V : A -> Prep -> Prep -> A2V ;
+
+-- Notice: categories $AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$, 
+-- and the second argument is given
+-- as an adverb. Likewise 
+-- $V0$ is just $V$.
+
+  V0 : Type ;
+  AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
+
+
+--.
+--2 The definitions of the paradigms
+--
+-- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
+-- hidden from the document.
+
+
+  Gender = MorphoIta.Gender ; 
+  Number = MorphoIta.Number ;
+  masculine = Masc ;
+  feminine = Fem ;
+  singular = Sg ;
+  plural = Pl ;
+
+  --Prep = Compl ;
+  accusative = complAcc ;
+  genitive = complGen ;
+  dative = complDat ;
+  mkPrep p = {s = p ; c = Acc ; isDir = False ; lock_Prep = <>} ;
+
+  con_Prep = {s = [] ; c = CPrep P_con ; isDir = False ; lock_Prep = <>} ;
+  da_Prep = {s = [] ; c = CPrep P_da ; isDir = False ; lock_Prep = <>} ;
+  in_Prep = {s = [] ; c = CPrep P_in ; isDir = False ; lock_Prep = <>} ;
+  su_Prep = {s = [] ; c = CPrep P_su ; isDir = False ; lock_Prep = <>} ;
+
+  mk2N x y g = mkNounIrreg x y g ** {lock_N = <>} ;
+  regN x = mkNomReg x ** {lock_N = <>} ;
+  compN x y = {s = \\n => x.s ! n ++ y ; g = x.g ; lock_N = <>} ;
+  femN x = {s = x.s ; g = feminine ; lock_N = <>} ;
+  mascN x = {s = x.s ; g = masculine ; lock_N = <>} ;
+
+
+  mk2N2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = p} ;
+  diN2 n = mk2N2 n genitive ;
+  aN2 n = mk2N2 n dative ;
+  mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = p ; c3 = q} ;
+
+  mk2PN : Str -> Gender -> PN ;
+  mk2PN x g = {s = x ; g = g} ** {lock_PN = <>} ;
+  regPN x = mk2PN x g where {
+    g = case last x of {
+      "a" => feminine ;
+      _ => masculine
+      }
+    } ;
+
+  makeNP x g n = {s = (pn2np (mk2PN x g)).s; a = agrP3 g n ; hasClit = False} ** {lock_NP = <>} ;
+
+  mk5A a b c d e = 
+   compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj a b c d e).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  regA a = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdjReg a).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  prefA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; lock_A = <>} ;
+
+  mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = p ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
+
+  mkADeg a b = 
+   {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => b.s ! Posit} ; 
+    isPre = a.isPre ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  compADeg a = 
+    {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => \\f => "più" ++ a.s ! Posit ! f} ; 
+     isPre = a.isPre ;
+     lock_A = <>} ;
+  regADeg a = compADeg (regA a) ;
+
+  mkAdv x = ss x ** {lock_Adv = <>} ;
+  mkAdV x = ss x ** {lock_AdV = <>} ;
+  mkAdA x = ss x ** {lock_AdA = <>} ;
+
+  regV x = 
+    let 
+      are = Predef.dp 3 x ;
+      ci  = Predef.dp 2 (Predef.tk 3 x) ;
+      i   = last ci ;
+      verb = case are of {
+        "ire" =>  finire_100 x ;
+        _ => case i of {
+          "c" => cercare_7 x ;
+          "g" => legare_8 x ;
+          _ => case ci of {
+            "ci" => cominciare_9 x ;
+            "gi" => mangiare_10 x ;
+           _    => amare_6 x
+            }
+          }
+        }
+    in verbBesch verb ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+
+  verboV ve = verbBesch ve ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+
+  mk11V 
+    dovere devo deve dobbiamo dovro 
+    dovetti dovesti dovette dovettero dovi dovuto = verboV (mkVerbo
+      dovere devo deve dobbiamo dovro 
+      dovetti dovesti dovette dovettero dovi dovuto
+      ) ;
+
+  essereV v = {s = v.s ; vtyp = VEsse ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  reflV v = {s = v.s ; vtyp = VRefl ; lock_V = <>} ;
+
+  mk2V2 v p = {s = v.s ; vtyp = v.vtyp ; c2 = p ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
+  dirV2 v = mk2V2 v accusative ;
+  v2V v = v ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+
+  mkV3 v p q = {s = v.s ; vtyp = v.vtyp ; 
+    c2 = p ; c3 = q ; lock_V3 = <>} ;
+  dirV3 v p = mkV3 v accusative p ;
+  dirdirV3 v = dirV3 v dative ;
+
+  V0 : Type = V ;
+  AS, AV : Type = A ;
+  A2S, A2V : Type = A2 ;
+
+  mkV0  v = v ** {lock_V0 = <>} ;
+  mkVS  v = v ** {m = \\_ => Indic ; lock_VS = <>} ;  ---- more moods
+  mkV2S v p = mk2V2 v p ** {mn,mp = Indic ; lock_V2S = <>} ;
+  mkVV  v = v ** {c2 = complAcc ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+  deVV  v = v ** {c2 = complGen ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+  aVV  v = v ** {c2 = complDat ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+  mkV2V v p t = mkV3 v p t ** {lock_V2V = <>} ;
+  mkVA  v = v ** {lock_VA = <>} ;
+  mkV2A v p q = mkV3 v p q ** {lock_V2A = <>} ;
+  mkVQ  v = v ** {lock_VQ = <>} ;
+  mkV2Q v p = mk2V2 v p ** {lock_V2Q = <>} ;
+
+  mkAS  v = v ** {lock_AS = <>} ; ---- more moods
+  mkA2S v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A2S = <>} ;
+  mkAV  v p = v ** {c = p.p1 ; s2 = p.p2 ; lock_AV = <>} ;
+  mkA2V v p q = mkA2 v p ** {s3 = q.p2 ; c3 = q.p1 ; lock_A2V = <>} ;
+
+------------------------
+
+  mkN = overload {
+    mkN : (cane : Str) -> N = regN ;
+    mkN : (carne : Str) -> Gender -> N = \n,g -> {s = (regN n).s ; g = g ; lock_N = <>} ;
+    mkN : (uomo,uomini : Str) -> Gender -> N = mk2N ;
+    mkN : N -> Str -> N = compN
+    } ;
+
+  compN : N -> Str -> N ;
+  mk2N  :(uomo,uomini : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
+  regN  : Str -> N ;
+  mascN : N -> N ;
+  femN  : N -> N ;
+
+  mkN2 = overload {
+    mkN2 : Str -> N2 = \s -> diN2 (regN s) ;
+    mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 = mk2N2
+  } ;
+
+  mk2N2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ;
+  diN2 : N -> N2 ;
+  aN2  : N -> N2 ;
+
+  regPN : Str -> PN ;           -- feminine if "-a", otherwise masculine
+
+-- obsolete
+  makeNP : Str -> Gender -> Number -> NP ; 
+
+  mkPN = overload {
+    mkPN : Str -> PN = regPN ;
+    mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN = mk2PN
+  } ;
+
+  mkA = overload {
+    mkA : (bianco : Str) -> A = regA ;
+    mkA : (solo,sola,soli,sole, solamente : Str) -> A = mk5A ;
+    mkA : A -> A -> A = mkADeg
+    } ;
+  mk5A : (solo,sola,soli,sole, solamente : Str) -> A ;
+  regA : Str -> A ;
+  prefA : A -> A ;
+  mkADeg : A -> A -> A ;
+  compADeg : A -> A ;
+  regADeg : Str -> A ;
+
+  mkV = overload {
+    mkV : Str -> V = regV ;
+    mkV : Verbo -> V = verboV ;
+    mkV : 
+     (udire,odo,ode,udiamo,udiro,udii,udisti,udi,udirono,odi,udito : Str) -> V = mk11V ; 
+    } ;
+
+  regV : Str -> V ;
+  verboV : Verbo -> V ;
+  mk11V : 
+    (udire,odo,ode,udiamo,udiro,udii,udisti,udi,udirono,odi,udito : Str) -> V ; 
+
+  mkV2 = overload {
+    mkV2 : Str -> V2 = \s -> dirV2 (regV s) ;
+    mkV2 : V -> V2 = dirV2 ;
+    mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 = mk2V2
+    } ;
+  mk2V2  : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
+  dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
+
+} ;

lib/next-resource/italian/PhonoIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+resource PhonoIta = open Prelude in {
+
+--3 Elision
+--
+-- The phonological rule of *elision* can be defined as follows in GF.
+-- In Italian it includes both vowels and the *impure 's'*.
+
+oper 
+  vocale : Strs = strs {
+    "a" ; "e" ; "h" ; "i" ; "o" ; "u" ; "è" ; "y"
+    } ;
+
+  sImpuro : Strs = strs {
+    "z" ; "sb" ; "sc" ; "sd" ; "sf" ; "sm" ; "sp" ; "sq" ; "sr" ; "st" ; "sv"
+    } ;
+
+  elision : (_,_,_ : Str) -> Str = \il, l', lo -> 
+    pre {il ; l' / vocale ; lo / sImpuro} ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/italian/PhraseIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete PhraseIta of Phrase = CatIta ** PhraseRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResIta) ;

lib/next-resource/italian/QuestionIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete QuestionIta of Question = CatIta ** QuestionRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResIta) ;

lib/next-resource/italian/RelativeIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete RelativeIta of Relative = CatIta ** RelativeRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResIta) ;

lib/next-resource/italian/ResIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+--1 Italian auxiliary operations.
+--
+---- This module contains operations that are needed to make the
+---- resource syntax work. To define everything that is needed to
+---- implement $Test$, it moreover contains regular lexical
+---- patterns needed for $Lex$.
+--
+
+instance ResIta of ResRomance = DiffIta ** open CommonRomance, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all ;
+
+} ;

lib/next-resource/italian/SentenceIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete SentenceIta of Sentence = CatIta ** SentenceRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResIta) ;

lib/next-resource/italian/StructuralIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+concrete StructuralIta of Structural = CatIta ** 
+  open PhonoIta, MorphoIta, ParadigmsIta, BeschIta, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all ; coding=utf8 ;
+
+lin
+
+  above_Prep = {s = ["sopra"] ; c = MorphoIta.genitive ; isDir = False} ;
+  after_Prep = mkPrep "dopo" ;
+  all_Predet = {
+    s = \\a,c => prepCase c ++ aagrForms "tutto" "tutta" "tutti" "tutte" ! a ;
+    c = Nom
+    } ;
+  almost_AdA, almost_AdN = ss "quasi" ;
+  always_AdV = ss "sempre" ;
+  although_Subj = ss "benché" ** {m = Conjunct} ;
+  and_Conj = {s1 = [] ; s2 = "e" ; n = Pl} ;
+  because_Subj = ss "perché" ** {m = Indic} ;
+  before_Prep = mkPrep "prima" ;
+  behind_Prep = mkPrep "dietro" ;
+  between_Prep = mkPrep "fra" ;
+  both7and_DConj = {s1,s2 = "e" ; n = Pl} ;
+  but_PConj = ss "ma" ;
+  by8agent_Prep = {s = [] ; c = CPrep P_da ; isDir = False} ;
+  by8means_Prep = mkPrep "per" ;
+  can8know_VV = mkVV (verboV (sapere_78 "sapere")) ;
+  can_VV = mkVV (verboV (potere_69 "potere")) ;
+  during_Prep = mkPrep "durante" ;
+  either7or_DConj = {s1,s2 = "o" ; n = Sg} ;
+  everybody_NP = makeNP ["tutti"] Masc Pl ;
+  every_Det = {s,sp = \\_,_ => "ogni" ; n = Sg ; s2 = []} ;
+  everything_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["tutto"] Masc) ;
+  everywhere_Adv = ss "dappertutto" ;
+  few_Det  = {s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "pochi" "poche" ! g ; n = Pl ; s2 = []} ;
+----  first_Ord = {s = \\ag => (regA "primo").s ! Posit ! AF ag.g ag.n} ;
+  for_Prep = mkPrep "per" ;
+  from_Prep = complGen ; ---
+  he_Pron = 
+    mkPronoun
+      "lui" "lo" "gli" "glie" "lui" "suo" "sua" "suoi" "sue"
+      Masc Sg P3 ;
+  here7from_Adv = ss ["da quì"] ;
+  here7to_Adv = ss "quì" ;
+  here_Adv = ss "quì" ;
+  how_IAdv = ss "come" ;
+  how8many_IDet = {s = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "quanti" "quante" ! g ; n = Pl} ;
+  if_Subj = ss "se" ** {m = Indic} ;
+  in8front_Prep = mkPrep "davanti" ;
+  i_Pron = 
+    mkPronoun
+      "io" "mi" "mi" "me" "me" "mio" "mia" "miei" "mie"
+      Masc Sg P1 ;
+  in_Prep = {s = [] ; c = CPrep P_in ; isDir = False} ;
+  it_Pron = 
+    mkPronoun
+      "lui" "lo" "gli" "glie" "lui" "suo" "sua" "suoi" "sue"
+      Masc Sg P3 ;
+  less_CAdv = ss "meno" ;
+  many_Det = {s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "molti" "molte" ! g ; n = Pl ; s2 = []} ;
+  more_CAdv = ss "più" ;
+  most_Predet = {s = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ ["la maggior parte"] ; c = CPrep P_di} ;
+  much_Det = {s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "molto" "molta" ! g ; n = Sg ; s2 = []} ;
+  must_VV = mkVV (verboV (dovere_47 "dovere")) ;
+  no_Utt = ss "no" ;
+  on_Prep = {s = [] ; c = CPrep P_su ; isDir = False} ;
+----  one_Quant = {s = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "uno" "una" ! g} ;
+  only_Predet = {s = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "soltanto" ; c = Nom} ; --- solo|a|i|e
+  or_Conj = {s1 = [] ; s2 = "o" ; n = Sg} ;
+  otherwise_PConj = ss "altramente" ;
+  part_Prep = complGen ;
+  please_Voc = ss ["per favore"] ;
+  possess_Prep = complGen ;
+  quite_Adv = ss "assai" ;
+  she_Pron = 
+    mkPronoun
+      "lei" "la" "le" "glie" "lei" "suo" "sua" "suoi" "sue"
+      Fem Sg P3 ;
+  so_AdA = ss "così" ;
+  somebody_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["qualcuno"] Masc) ;
+  somePl_Det = {s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "qualche" ; n = Pl ; s2 = []} ;
+  someSg_Det = {s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "qualche" ; n = Sg ; s2 = []} ;
+  something_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["qualche cosa"] Masc) ;
+  somewhere_Adv = ss ["qualche parte"] ;
+  that_Quant = let
+    quello : Number => Gender => Case => Str = table {
+      Sg => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "quello" "quella" ! g ;
+      Pl => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "quelli" "quelle" ! g ---- quegli
+      }
+    in {
+      s = \\_ => quello ;
+      sp = quello ;
+      s2 = []
+      } ;
+
+  there7from_Adv = ss ["di là"] ;
+  there7to_Adv = ss "là" ; --- ci
+  there_Adv = ss "là" ;
+  therefore_PConj = ss "quindi" ;
+  they_Pron = mkPronoun
+    "loro" "loro" "li" "glie" "loro" "loro" "loro" "loro" "loro" 
+    Masc Pl P3 ;
+
+  this_Quant = let
+    questo : Number => Gender => Case => Str = table {
+      Sg => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "questo" "questa" ! g ;
+      Pl => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "questi" "queste" ! g
+      }
+    in {
+      s = \\_ => questo ;
+      sp = questo ;
+      s2 = []
+      } ;
+
+  through_Prep = mkPrep "per" ;
+  too_AdA = ss "troppo" ;
+  to_Prep = complDat ;
+  under_Prep = mkPrep "sotto" ;
+  very_AdA = ss "molto" ;
+  want_VV = mkVV (verboV (volere_96 "volere")) ;
+  we_Pron = 
+    mkPronoun "noi" "ci" "ci" "ce" "noi" "nostro" "nostra" "nostri" "nostre"
+    Masc Pl P1 ;
+  whatSg_IP = {s = \\c => prepCase c ++ ["che cosa"] ; a = aagr Fem Sg} ;
+  whatPl_IP = {s = \\c => prepCase c ++ ["che cose"] ; a = aagr Fem Pl} ; ---
+  when_IAdv = ss "quando" ;
+  when_Subj = ss "quando" ** {m = Indic} ;
+  where_IAdv = ss "dove" ;
+  which_IQuant = {s = table {
+    Sg => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "quale" "quale" ! g ;
+    Pl => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "quali" "quali" ! g
+    }
+  } ;
+  whoPl_IP = {s = \\c => prepCase c ++ "chi" ; a = aagr Masc Pl} ;
+  whoSg_IP = {s = \\c => prepCase c ++ "chi" ; a = aagr Masc Sg} ;
+  why_IAdv = ss "perché" ;
+  without_Prep = mkPrep "senza" ;
+  with_Prep = {s = [] ; c = CPrep P_con ; isDir = False} ;
+  yes_Utt = ss "sì" ;
+  youSg_Pron = mkPronoun 
+    "tu" "ti" "ti" "te" "te" "tuo" "tua" "tuoi" "tue"
+    Masc Sg P2 ;
+  youPl_Pron =
+    mkPronoun
+       "voi" "vi" "vi" "ve" "voi" "vostro" "vostra" "vostri" "vostre"
+       Masc Pl P2 ;
+  youPol_Pron =
+    mkPronoun
+      "Lei" "La" "Le" "Glie" "Lei" "Suo" "Sua" "Suoi" "Sue"
+      Masc Sg P3 ;
+
+}
+

lib/next-resource/italian/VerbIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete VerbIta of Verb = CatIta ** VerbRomance with
+  (ResRomance = ResIta) ;

lib/next-resource/romance/AdjectiveRomance.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+incomplete concrete AdjectiveRomance of Adjective = 
+  CatRomance ** open CommonRomance, ResRomance, Prelude in {
+
+  lin
+
+    PositA  a = {
+      s = a.s ! Posit ;
+      isPre = a.isPre
+      } ;
+    ComparA a np = {
+      s = \\af => a.s ! Compar ! af ++ conjThan ++ np.s ! Ton Nom ; 
+      isPre = False
+      } ;
+
+-- $SuperlA$ belongs to determiner syntax in $Noun$.
+
+    ComplA2 adj np = {
+      s = \\af => adj.s ! Posit ! af ++ appCompl adj.c2 np.s ; 
+      isPre = False
+      } ;
+
+    ReflA2 adj = {
+      s = \\af => 
+             adj.s ! Posit ! af ++ adj.c2.s ++ 
+             adj.c2.s ++ prepCase adj.c2.c ++ reflPron Sg P3 Nom ; --- agr
+      isPre = False
+      } ;
+
+    SentAP ap sc = {
+      s = \\a => ap.s ! a ++ sc.s ; --- mood 
+      isPre = False
+      } ;
+
+    AdAP ada ap = {
+      s = \\a => ada.s ++ ap.s ! a ;
+      isPre = ap.isPre
+      } ;
+
+    UseA2 a = a ** {isPre = False} ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/romance/AdverbRomance.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+incomplete concrete AdverbRomance of Adverb = 
+  CatRomance ** open CommonRomance, ResRomance, Prelude in {
+
+  lin
+    PositAdvAdj a = {
+      s = a.s ! Posit ! AA
+      } ;
+    ComparAdvAdj cadv a np = {
+      s = cadv.s ++ a.s ! Posit ! AA ++ conjThan ++ np.s ! Ton Nom 
+      } ;
+    ComparAdvAdjS cadv a s = {
+      s = cadv.s ++ a.s ! Posit ! AA ++ conjThan ++ s.s ! Conjunct --- ne
+      } ;
+
+    PrepNP prep np = {s = prep.s ++ np.s ! case2npform prep.c} ;
+
+    AdAdv = cc2 ;
+
+    SubjS subj s = {
+      s = subj.s ++ s.s ! subj.m
+      }  ;
+---b    AdvSC s = s ;
+
+    AdnCAdv cadv = {s = cadv.s ++ conjThan} ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/romance/CatRomance.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+incomplete concrete CatRomance of Cat = 
+  CommonX - [Temp,TTAnt,Tense,TPres,TPast,TFut,TCond] 
+  ** open Prelude, CommonRomance, ResRomance, (R = ParamX) in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lincat
+
+-- Tensed/Untensed
+
+    S  = {s : Mood => Str} ;
+    QS = {s : QForm => Str} ;
+    RS = {s : Mood => Agr => Str ; c : Case} ;
+    SSlash = {
+      s  : AAgr => Mood => Str ; 
+      c2 : Compl
+      } ;
+
+
+-- Sentence
+
+    Cl    = {s : Direct => RTense => Anteriority => Polarity => Mood => Str} ;
+    ClSlash = {
+      s  : AAgr => Direct => RTense => Anteriority => Polarity => Mood => Str ; 
+      c2 : Compl
+      } ;
+    Imp   = {s : Polarity => ImpForm => Gender => Str} ;
+
+-- Question
+
+    QCl    = {s : RTense => Anteriority => Polarity => QForm => Str} ;
+    IP     = {s : Case => Str ; a : AAgr} ;
+    IComp  = {s : AAgr => Str} ;     
+    IDet   = {s : Gender => Case => Str ; n : Number} ;
+    IQuant = {s : Number => Gender => Case => Str} ;
+
+-- Relative
+
+    RCl  = {
+      s : Agr => RTense => Anteriority => Polarity => Mood => Str ; 
+      c : Case
+      } ;
+    RP   = {s : Bool => AAgr => Case => Str ; a : AAgr ; hasAgr : Bool} ;
+
+-- Verb
+
+    VP = ResRomance.VP ;
+    VPSlash = ResRomance.VP ** {c2 : Compl} ;
+    Comp = {s : Agr => Str} ; 
+
+-- Adjective
+
+    AP = {s : AForm => Str ; isPre : Bool} ; 
+
+-- Noun
+
+    CN      = {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ;
+    NP,Pron = Pronoun ;
+    Det     = {
+      s : Gender => Case => Str ; 
+      n : Number ; 
+      s2 : Str ;            -- -ci 
+      sp : Gender => Case => Str    -- substantival: mien, mienne
+      } ;
+    Quant = {
+      s  : Bool => Number => Gender => Case => Str ; 
+      s2 : Str ; 
+      sp : Number => Gender => Case => Str 
+      } ;
+    Predet  = {s : AAgr   => Case => Str ; c : Case} ; -- c : la plupart de
+    Num     = {s : Gender => Str ; isNum : Bool ; n : Number} ;
+    Card    = {s : Gender => Str ; n : Number} ;
+    Ord     = {s : AAgr   => Str} ;
+
+-- Numeral
+
+    Numeral = {s : CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} ;
+    Digits  = {s : CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} ;
+
+-- Structural
+
+---b    Conj  = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;
+---b    DConj = {s1,s2 : Str ; n : Number} ;
+    Conj = {s1,s2 : Str ; n : Number} ;
+    Subj = {s : Str ; m : Mood} ;
+    Prep = {s : Str ; c : Case ; isDir : Bool} ;
+
+-- Open lexical classes, e.g. Lexicon
+
+    V, VQ, VA = Verb ;
+    V2, VV, V2S, V2Q = Verb ** {c2 : Compl} ;
+    V3, V2A, V2V = Verb ** {c2,c3 : Compl} ;
+    VS = Verb ** {m : Polarity => Mood} ;
+
+    A  = {s : Degree => AForm => Str ; isPre : Bool} ;
+    A2 = {s : Degree => AForm => Str ; c2 : Compl} ;
+
+    N  = Noun ; 
+    N2 = Noun  ** {c2 : Compl} ;
+    N3 = Noun  ** {c2,c3 : Compl} ;
+    PN = {s : Str ; g : Gender} ;
+
+-- tense augmented with passé simple
+
+    Temp  = {s : Str ; t : RTense ; a : Anteriority} ;
+    Tense = {s : Str ; t : RTense} ;
+  lin
+    TTAnt t a = {s = a.s ++ t.s ; a = a.a ; t = t.t} ;
+    TPres = {s = []} ** {t = RPres} ;
+    TPast = {s = []} ** {t = RPast} ;   --# notpresent
+    TFut  = {s = []} ** {t = RFut} ;    --# notpresent
+    TCond = {s = []} ** {t = RCond} ;   --# notpresent
+
+}

lib/next-resource/romance/CommonRomance.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+----1 Auxiliary operations common for Romance languages
+--
+-- This module contains operations that are shared by the Romance
+-- languages. The complete set of auxiliary operations needed to
+-- implement [Test Test.html] is defined in [ResRomance ResRomance.html],
+-- which depends on [DiffRomance DiffRomance.html].
+--
+
+resource CommonRomance = ParamX ** open Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all ;
+
+--2 Enumerated parameter types for morphology
+--
+-- These types are the ones found in school grammars.
+-- Their parameter values are atomic.
+
+param
+
+  Gender = Masc | Fem ;
+
+  Mood   = Indic | Conjunct ;
+
+  Direct = DDir | DInv ;
+
+-- Adjectives are inflected in gender and number, and there is also an 
+-- adverbial form (e.g. "infiniment"), which has different paradigms and 
+-- can even be irregular ("bien").
+-- Comparative adjectives are moreover inflected in degree
+-- (which in Romance is usually syntactic, though).
+
+  AForm = AF Gender Number | AA ;
+
+-- Gender is not morphologically determined for first and second person pronouns.
+
+  PronGen = PGen Gender | PNoGen ;
+
+-- Cardinal numerals have gender, ordinal numerals have full number as well.
+
+  CardOrd = NCard Gender | NOrd Gender Number ;
+
+-- The following coercions are useful:
+
+oper
+  prongen2gender : PronGen -> Gender = \p -> case p of {
+    PGen g => g ;
+    PNoGen => variants {Masc ; Fem} --- the best we can do for je, tu, nous, vous
+    } ;
+
+
+  aform2gender : AForm -> Gender = \a -> case a of {
+    AF g _ => g ;
+    _      => Masc -- "le plus lentement"
+    } ;
+  aform2number : AForm -> Number = \a -> case a of {
+    AF _ n => n ;
+    _      => Sg -- "le plus lentement"
+    } ;
+  
+  conjGender : Gender -> Gender -> Gender = \m,n -> 
+    case m of {
+      Fem => n ;
+      _ => Masc 
+      } ;
+
+  conjAgr : Agr -> Agr -> Agr = \a,b -> {
+    g = conjGender a.g b.g ;
+    n = conjNumber a.n b.n ;
+    p = conjPerson a.p b.p
+    } ;
+
+
+--3 Verbs 
+--
+-- In the current syntax, we use 
+-- a reduced conjugation with only the present tense infinitive, 
+-- indicative, subjunctive, and imperative forms.
+-- But our morphology has full Bescherelle conjunctions:
+-- so we use a coercion between full and reduced verbs.
+-- The full conjugations and the coercions are defined separately for French
+-- and Italian, since they are not identical. The differences are mostly due
+-- to Bescherelle structuring the forms in different groups; the
+-- gerund and the present participles show real differences.
+--
+-- For Italian contracted forms, $VInfin$ should have
+-- an alternative form, whose proper place is $Diff$.
+
+param 
+  VF =
+     VInfin Bool
+   | VFin   TMood Number Person 
+   | VImper NumPersI 
+   | VPart  Gender Number 
+   | VGer
+   ;
+
+  TMood = 
+     VPres  Mood
+   | VImperf Mood   --# notpresent
+   | VPasse  --# notpresent
+   | VFut  --# notpresent
+   | VCondit  --# notpresent
+   ;
+
+  NumPersI  = SgP2 | PlP1 | PlP2 ;
+
+  VPForm =
+     VPFinite TMood Anteriority
+   | VPImperat
+   | VPGerund
+   | VPInfinit Anteriority Bool ;
+
+  RTense =
+     RPres 
+   | RPast   --# notpresent
+   | RPasse  --# notpresent
+   | RFut    --# notpresent
+   | RCond   --# notpresent
+   ;
+
+-- Agreement of adjectives, verb phrases, and relative pronouns.
+
+oper
+  AAgr : Type = {g : Gender ; n : Number} ;
+  Agr  : Type = AAgr ** {p : Person} ;
+
+param
+  RAgr = RAg {g : Gender ; n : Number} | RNoAg ; --- AAgr
+
+-- Clitic slots.
+
+  CAgr = CPron Gender Number Person | CRefl | CNone ; --- Agr
+---  CAgr = CPron {g : Gender ; n : Number ; p : Person} | CRefl | CNone ; --- Agr
+
+oper
+  aagr : Gender -> Number -> AAgr = \g,n ->
+    {g = g ; n = n} ;
+  agrP3 : Gender -> Number -> Agr = \g,n ->
+    aagr g n ** {p = P3} ;
+
+
+  vf2numpers : VF -> (Number * Person) = \v -> case v of {
+    VFin _ n p => <n,p> ;
+    _ => <Sg,P3> ----
+    } ;
+
+  presInd = VPres Indic ;
+
+-- The imperative forms depend on number and person.
+
+  vImper : Number -> Person -> VF = \n,p -> case <n,p> of {
+    <Sg,P2> => VImper SgP2 ; 
+    <Pl,P1> => VImper PlP1 ; 
+    <Pl,P2> => VImper PlP2 ;
+    _       => VInfin False
+    } ; 
+
+---
+
+  oper
+    genForms : Str -> Str -> Gender => Str = \bon,bonne ->
+      table {
+        Masc => bon ; 
+        Fem => bonne
+        } ; 
+
+    aagrForms : (x1,_,_,x4 : Str) -> (AAgr => Str) = \tout,toute,tous,toutes ->
+      table {
+        {g = g ; n = Sg} => genForms tout toute ! g ;
+        {g = g ; n = Pl} => genForms tous toutes ! g
+        } ;
+
+    Noun = {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ;
+
+    Adj = {s : AForm => Str} ;
+
+    appVPAgr : VPAgr -> AAgr -> AAgr = \vp,agr -> 
+      case vp of {
+        VPAgrSubj     => agr ;
+        VPAgrClit g n => {g = g ; n = n}
+        } ;
+
+    vpAgrNone : VPAgr = VPAgrClit Masc Sg ;
+
+  oper
+    mkOrd : {s : Degree => AForm => Str} -> {s : AAgr => Str} ;
+    mkOrd x = {s = \\ag => x.s ! Posit ! AF ag.g ag.n} ;
+
+-- This is used in Spanish and Italian to bind clitics with preceding verb.
+
+    bindIf : Bool -> Str = \b -> if_then_Str b BIND [] ;
+
+  param
+    VPAgr = 
+       VPAgrSubj                    -- elle est partie, elle s'est vue
+     | VPAgrClit Gender Number ;    -- elle a dormi; elle les a vues
+
+  oper
+  VPC : Type = {
+      s : VPForm => {
+        fin : Agr  => Str ;              -- ai  
+        inf : AAgr => Str                -- dit 
+        } ;
+      agr    : VPAgr ;                   -- dit/dite dep. on verb, subj, and clitic
+      neg    : Polarity => (Str * Str) ; -- ne-pas
+      clAcc  : CAgr ;                    -- le/se
+      clDat  : CAgr ;                    -- lui
+      clit2  : Str ;                     -- y en
+      comp   : Agr => Str ;              -- content(e) ; à ma mère ; hier
+      ext    : Polarity => Str ;         -- que je dors / que je dorme
+      } ;
+
+
+}
+

lib/next-resource/romance/ConjunctionRomance.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+incomplete concrete ConjunctionRomance of Conjunction = 
+  CatRomance ** open CommonRomance, ResRomance, Coordination, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+
+{---b
+    ConjS conj ss =  conjunctTable Mood conj ss ;
+    DConjS conj ss = conjunctDistrTable Mood conj ss ;
+
+    ConjAdv conj ss = conjunctSS conj ss ;
+    DConjAdv conj ss = conjunctDistrSS conj ss ;
+
+    ConjNP conj ss = conjunctTable NPForm conj ss ** {
+      a = {g = ss.a.g ; n = conjNumber conj.n ss.a.n ; p = ss.a.p} ; 
+      hasClit = False
+      } ;
+    DConjNP conj ss = conjunctDistrTable NPForm conj ss ** {
+      a = {g = ss.a.g ; n = conjNumber conj.n ss.a.n ; p = ss.a.p} ;
+      hasClit = False
+      } ;
+
+    ConjAP conj ss = conjunctTable AForm conj ss ** {
+      isPre = ss.isPre
+      } ;
+    DConjAP conj ss = conjunctDistrTable AForm conj ss ** {
+      isPre = ss.isPre
+      } ;
+---}
+
+    ConjS conj ss = conjunctDistrTable Mood conj ss ;
+
+    ConjAdv conj ss = conjunctDistrSS conj ss ;
+
+    ConjNP conj ss = conjunctDistrTable NPForm conj ss ** {
+      a = {g = ss.a.g ; n = conjNumber conj.n ss.a.n ; p = ss.a.p} ;
+      hasClit = False
+      } ;
+    ConjAP conj ss = conjunctDistrTable AForm conj ss ** {
+      isPre = ss.isPre
+      } ;
+
+
+-- These fun's are generated from the list cat's.
+
+    BaseS = twoTable Mood ;
+    ConsS = consrTable Mood comma ;
+    BaseAdv = twoSS ;
+    ConsAdv = consrSS comma ;
+    BaseNP x y = {
+      s1 = \\c => x.s ! stressedCase c ; 
+      s2 = \\c => y.s ! (conjunctCase c) ; 
+      a = conjAgr x.a y.a
+      } ;
+    ConsNP x xs = {
+      s1 = \\c => x.s ! stressedCase c ++ comma ++ xs.s1 ! (conjunctCase c) ; 
+      s2 = \\c => xs.s2 ! (conjunctCase c) ; 
+      a = conjAgr x.a xs.a
+      } ;
+    BaseAP x y = twoTable AForm x y ** {isPre = andB x.isPre y.isPre} ;
+    ConsAP xs x = consrTable AForm comma xs x ** {isPre = andB xs.isPre x.isPre} ;
+
+  lincat
+    [S] = {s1,s2 : Mood => Str} ;
+    [Adv] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
+    [NP] = {s1,s2 : NPForm => Str ; a : Agr} ;
+    [AP] = {s1,s2 : AForm  => Str ; isPre : Bool} ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/romance/DiffRomance.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+--1 Differences between Romance languages
+
+interface DiffRomance = open CommonRomance, Prelude in {
+
+-- The first eight constants show the essential differences
+-- between French, Italian, and Romance syntaxes (as regards the
+-- resource API). The other constants are either derivatively
+-- dependent, or have as values strings, which are language-dependent
+-- anyway.
+
+
+--2 Constants whose definitions fundamentally depend on language
+
+-- Prepositions that fuse with the article
+-- (Fre, Spa "de", "a"; Ita also "con", "da", "in", "su).
+
+  param Prepos ;
+
+-- Which types of verbs exist, in terms of auxiliaries.
+-- (Fre, Ita "avoir", "être", and refl; Spa only "haber" and refl).
+
+  param VType ;
+
+-- Derivatively, if/when the participle agrees to the subject.
+-- (Fre "elle est partie", Ita "lei è partita", Spa not)
+
+  oper partAgr   : VType -> VPAgr ;
+
+-- Whether participle agrees to foregoing clitic.
+-- (Fre "je l'ai vue", Spa "yo la he visto")
+
+  oper vpAgrClit : Agr -> VPAgr ;
+
+-- Whether a preposition is repeated in conjunction
+-- (Fre "la somme de 3 et de 4", Ita "la somma di 3 e 4").
+
+  oper conjunctCase : NPForm -> NPForm ;
+
+-- How infinitives and clitics are placed relative to each other
+-- (Fre "la voir", Ita "vederla"). The $Bool$ is used for indicating
+-- if there are any clitics.
+
+  oper clitInf : Bool -> Str -> Str -> Str ;
+
+-- To render pronominal arguments as clitics and/or ordinary complements. 
+-- Returns $True$ if there are any clitics.
+
+  oper pronArg : Number -> Person -> CAgr -> CAgr -> Str * Str * Bool ;
+
+-- To render imperatives (with their clitics etc).
+
+  oper mkImperative : Bool -> Person -> VPC -> {s : Polarity => AAgr => Str} ;
+
+--2 Constants that must derivatively depend on language
+
+  param NPForm = Ton Case | Aton Case | Poss {g : Gender ; n : Number} ; --- AAgr
+
+  oper dative   : Case ;
+  oper genitive : Case ;
+
+  vRefl   : VType ;
+  isVRefl : VType -> Bool ;
+
+
+--2 Strings
+
+  prepCase  : Case -> Str ;
+
+  partitive : Gender -> Case -> Str ;
+
+  artDef    : Gender -> Number -> Case -> Str ;
+  artIndef  : Gender -> Number -> Case -> Str ;
+
+-- This is the definite article in Italian, $prepCase c$ in French and Spanish.
+
+  possCase  : Gender -> Number -> Case -> Str ;
+
+  auxVerb   : VType -> (VF => Str) ;
+  negation  : Polarity => (Str * Str) ;
+  copula    : Verb ;
+
+  conjThan  : Str ;
+  conjThat  : Str ;
+
+  subjIf    : Str ;
+
+  relPron   : Bool => AAgr => Case => Str ;
+  pronSuch  : AAgr => Str ;
+
+  partQIndir : Str ; -- ce, ciò
+
+  reflPron : Number -> Person -> Case -> Str ;
+--  argPron  : Gender -> Number -> Person -> Case -> Str ;
+
+  auxPassive : Verb ;
+
+
+--2 Contants needed in type signatures above
+
+param
+  Case = Nom | Acc | CPrep Prepos ; 
+
+oper
+  Verb = {s : VF => Str ; vtyp : VType} ;
+
+--2 Workarounds, to be eliminated
+
+-- This should be provided by $pronArg$ above, but causes trouble in compilation.
+-- (AR 16/8/2008)
+
+  oper infForm : Number -> Person -> CAgr -> CAgr -> Bool ;
+
+
+}
+

lib/next-resource/romance/ExtRomance.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+incomplete concrete ExtRomance of ExtRomanceAbs = 
+  CatRomance ** open DiffRomance, ResRomance in {
+
+  lin
+    DefSgN predet noun = let g = noun.g in {
+      s = \\c => predet.s ! gennum g Sg ++ noun.s ! Sg ! Def ! caseNP c ;
+      a = agrP3 g Sg
+      } ;
+    DefPlN predet noun = let g = noun.g in {
+      s = \\c => predet.s ! Plg ++ noun.s ! Pl ! Def ! caseNP c ;
+      a = agrP3 g Sg
+      } ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/romance/ExtraRomance.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+incomplete concrete ExtraRomance of ExtraRomanceAbs = CatRomance **
+  open 
+    CommonRomance,
+    Coordination,
+    ResRomance in {
+
+    lin TPasseSimple = {s = []} ** {t = RPasse} ;   --# notpresent
+
+  lincat
+    VPI   = {s : Str} ;
+    [VPI] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
+  lin
+    BaseVPI = twoSS ;
+    ConsVPI = consrSS comma ;
+
+    MkVPI vp = {s = infVP vp (agrP3 Masc Sg)} ;
+    ConjVPI = conjunctDistrSS ;
+    ComplVPIVV v vpi = 
+      insertComplement (\\a => prepCase v.c2.c ++ vpi.s) (predV v) ;
+
+} 

lib/next-resource/romance/ExtraRomanceAbs.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+abstract ExtraRomanceAbs = Cat, Extra[
+  VPI,ListVPI,BaseVPI,ConsVPI,MkVPI,ComplVPIVV,ConjVPI,
+  VV,VP,Conj] ** {
+
+  fun TPasseSimple : Tense ; --# notpresent
+
+}

lib/next-resource/romance/NounRomance.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+incomplete concrete NounRomance of Noun =
+   CatRomance ** open CommonRomance, ResRomance, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+    DetCN det cn = 
+      let 
+        g = cn.g ;
+        n = det.n
+      in {
+        s = \\c => let cs = npform2case c in 
+              det.s ! g ! cs ++ cn.s ! n ++ det.s2 ;
+        a = agrP3 g n ;
+        hasClit = False
+        } ;
+
+    UsePN = pn2np ;
+
+    UsePron p = p ;
+
+    PredetNP pred np = {
+      s = \\c => pred.s ! aagr (np.a.g) (np.a.n) ! npform2case c ++  --- subtype
+                 np.s ! case2npform pred.c ;
+      a = np.a ;
+      hasClit = False
+      } ;
+
+    PPartNP np v2 = {
+      s = \\c => np.s ! c ++ v2.s ! VPart np.a.g np.a.n ;
+      a = np.a ;
+      hasClit = False
+      } ;
+
+    RelNP np rs = {
+      s = \\c => np.s ! c ++ rs.s ! Indic ! np.a ;
+      a = np.a ;
+      hasClit = False
+      } ;
+
+    AdvNP np adv = {
+      s = \\c => np.s ! c ++ adv.s ;
+      a = np.a ;
+      hasClit = False
+      } ;
+
+    DetQuantOrd quant num ord = {
+      s,sp = \\g,c => quant.s ! num.isNum ! num.n ! g ! c ++ num.s ! g ++ 
+                   ord.s ! aagr g num.n ;
+      s2 = quant.s2 ;
+      n = num.n
+      } ;
+
+    DetQuant quant num = {
+      s  = \\g,c => quant.s ! num.isNum ! num.n ! g ! c ++ num.s ! g ; 
+      sp = \\g,c => case num.isNum of {
+        True  => quant.s ! True ! num.n ! g ! c ++ num.s ! g ; 
+        False => quant.sp ! num.n ! g ! c ++ num.s ! g
+        } ; 
+      s2 = quant.s2 ;
+      n  = num.n
+      } ;
+
+    DetNP det = 
+      let 
+        g = Masc ;  ---- Fem in Extra
+        n = det.n
+      in {
+        s = \\c => let cs = npform2case c in 
+              det.sp ! g ! cs ;
+        a = agrP3 g n ;
+        hasClit = False
+        } ;
+
+    PossPron p = {
+      s = \\_,n,g,c => possCase g n c ++ p.s ! Poss (aagr g n) ; ---- il mio!
+      sp = \\ n,g,c => possCase g n c ++ p.s ! Poss (aagr g n) ; ---- not for Fre
+      s2 = []
+      } ;
+
+    NumSg = {s = \\_ => [] ; isNum = False ; n = Sg} ;
+    NumPl = {s = \\_ => [] ; isNum = False ; n = Pl} ;
+
+    NumCard n = n ** {isNum = True} ;
+
+    NumDigits nu = {s = \\g => nu.s ! NCard g ; n = nu.n} ;
+    OrdDigits nu = {s = \\a => nu.s ! NOrd a.g a.n} ;
+
+    NumNumeral nu = {s = \\g => nu.s ! NCard g ; n = nu.n} ;
+    OrdNumeral nu = {s = \\a => nu.s ! NOrd a.g a.n} ;
+
+    AdNum adn num = {s = \\a => adn.s ++ num.s ! a ; isNum = num.isNum ; n = num.n} ;
+
+    OrdSuperl adj = {s = \\a => adj.s ! Superl ! AF a.g a.n} ;
+
+{-
+    DetArtSg det cn = 
+      let 
+        g = cn.g ;
+        n = Sg
+      in {
+        s = \\c => let cs = npform2case c in 
+              det.s ! False ! n ! g ! cs ++ cn.s ! n ;
+        a = agrP3 g n ;
+        hasClit = False
+        } ;
+
+    DetArtPl det cn = 
+      let 
+        g = cn.g ;
+        n = Pl
+      in {
+        s = \\c => let cs = npform2case c in 
+              det.s ! False ! n ! g ! cs ++ cn.s ! n ;
+        a = agrP3 g n ;
+        hasClit = False
+        } ;
+-}
+
+    DefArt = {
+      s = \\_,n,g,c => artDef g n c ;  
+      sp = \\n,g,c => artDef g n c ; ---- not for Fre 
+      s2 = []
+      } ;
+
+    IndefArt = {
+      s = \\b,n,g,c => if_then_Str b [] (artIndef g n c) ;
+      sp = \\n,g,c => artIndef g n c ; ---- not for Fre
+      s2 = []
+      } ;
+
+    MassNP cn = let 
+        g = cn.g ;
+        n = Sg
+      in {
+        s = \\c => partitive g (npform2case c) ++ cn.s ! n ;
+        a = agrP3 g n ;
+        hasClit = False
+        } ;
+
+{---b
+    MassDet = {
+      s = \\b,n,g,c => case <b,n> of {
+        <False,Sg> => partitive g c ;
+        _ => prepCase genitive ----
+        }
+      } ;
+-}
+
+-- This is based on record subtyping.
+
+    UseN, UseN2 = \noun -> noun ;
+---b    UseN3 = \noun -> noun ;
+
+    Use2N3 f = f ;
+
+    Use3N3 f = f ** {c2 = f.c3} ;
+
+    ComplN2 f x = {
+      s = \\n => f.s ! n ++ appCompl f.c2 x.s ;
+      g = f.g ;
+      } ;
+
+    ComplN3 f x = {
+      s = \\n => f.s ! n ++ appCompl f.c2 x.s ;
+      g = f.g ;
+      c2 = f.c3
+      } ;
+
+    AdjCN ap cn = 
+      let 
+        g = cn.g 
+      in {
+        s = \\n => preOrPost ap.isPre (ap.s ! (AF g n)) (cn.s ! n) ;
+        g = g ;
+        } ;
+
+    RelCN cn rs = let g = cn.g in {
+      s = \\n => cn.s ! n ++ rs.s ! Indic ! agrP3 g n ; --- mood
+      g = g
+      } ;
+    SentCN  cn sc = let g = cn.g in {
+      s = \\n => cn.s ! n ++ sc.s ;
+      g = g
+      } ;
+    AdvCN  cn sc = let g = cn.g in {
+      s = \\n => cn.s ! n ++ sc.s ;
+      g = g
+      } ;
+
+    ApposCN  cn np = let g = cn.g in {
+      s = \\n => cn.s ! n ++ np.s ! Ton Nom ;
+      g = g
+      } ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/romance/PhraseRomance.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+incomplete concrete PhraseRomance of Phrase = 
+  CatRomance ** open CommonRomance, ResRomance, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize = all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+    PhrUtt pconj utt voc = {s = pconj.s ++ utt.s ++ voc.s} ;
+
+    UttS s = {s = s.s ! Indic} ;
+    UttQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QDir} ;
+    UttImpSg pol imp  = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s ! pol.p ! ImpF Sg False ! Fem} ;
+    UttImpPl pol imp  = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s ! pol.p ! ImpF Pl False ! Fem} ;
+    UttImpPol pol imp = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s ! pol.p ! ImpF Sg True  ! Fem} ;
+
+    UttIP ip = {s = ip.s ! Nom} ; --- Acc also
+    UttIAdv iadv = iadv ;
+    UttNP np = {s = np.s ! Ton Nom} ;
+    UttVP vp = {s = infVP vp (agrP3 Fem Sg)} ; --- Agr
+    UttAdv adv = adv ;
+
+    NoPConj = {s = []} ;
+    PConjConj conj = {s = conj.s2} ;
+
+    NoVoc = {s = []} ;
+    VocNP np = {s = "," ++ np.s ! Ton Nom} ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/romance/QuestionRomance.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+incomplete concrete QuestionRomance of Question = 
+  CatRomance ** open CommonRomance, ResRomance, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+
+    QuestCl cl = {
+      s = \\t,a,p => 
+            let cls = cl.s ! DDir ! t ! a ! p ---- DInv? 
+            in table {
+              QDir   => cls ! Indic ;
+              QIndir => subjIf ++ cls ! Indic
+              }
+      } ;
+
+    QuestVP qp vp = {
+      s = \\t,a,b,_ => 
+        let
+          cl = mkClause (qp.s ! Nom) False (agrP3 qp.a.g qp.a.n) vp  
+        in
+        cl.s ! DDir ! t ! a ! b ! Indic
+      } ;   
+
+    QuestSlash ip slash = {
+      s = \\t,a,p => 
+            let 
+              cls : Direct -> Str = 
+                    \d -> slash.s ! ip.a ! d ! t ! a ! p ! Indic ;
+              who = slash.c2.s ++ ip.s ! slash.c2.c
+            in table {
+              QDir   => who ++ cls DInv ;
+              QIndir => who ++ cls DDir
+              }
+      } ;
+
+    QuestIAdv iadv cl = {
+      s = \\t,a,p,q => 
+            let 
+              ord = case q of {
+                QDir   => DInv ;
+                QIndir => DDir
+              } ;
+              cls = cl.s ! ord ! t ! a ! p ! Indic ;
+              why = iadv.s
+            in why ++ cls
+      } ;
+
+    QuestIComp icomp np = {
+      s = \\t,a,p,_ => 
+            let 
+              vp  = predV copula ;
+              cls = (mkClause (np.s ! Aton Nom) np.hasClit np.a vp).s ! 
+                       DInv ! t ! a ! p ! Indic ;
+              why = icomp.s ! {g = np.a.g ; n = np.a.n}
+            in why ++ cls
+      } ;
+
+    PrepIP p ip = {
+      s = p.s ++ ip.s ! p.c
+      } ;
+
+    AdvIP ip adv = {
+      s = \\c => ip.s ! c ++ adv.s ;
+      a = ip.a
+      } ;
+
+    IdetCN idet cn = 
+      let 
+        g = cn.g ;
+        n = idet.n ;
+        a = aagr g n
+      in {
+      s = \\c => idet.s ! g ! c ++ cn.s ! n ; 
+      a = a
+      } ;
+
+    IdetIP idet = 
+      let 
+        g = Masc ; ---- Fem in Extra
+        n = idet.n ;
+        a = aagr g n
+      in {
+      s = \\c => idet.s ! g ! c ; 
+      a = a
+      } ;
+
+    IdetQuant idet num = 
+      let 
+        n = num.n ;
+      in {
+      s = \\g,c => idet.s ! n ! g ! c ++ num.s ! g ;
+      n = n
+      } ;
+
+
+    CompIAdv a = {s = \\_  => a.s} ;
+
+    CompIP p = {s = \\_  => p.s ! Nom} ;
+
+}
+
+{- ---b 
+    IDetCN idet num ord cn = 
+      let 
+        g = cn.g ;
+        n = idet.n ;
+        a = aagr g n
+      in {
+      s = \\c => idet.s ! g ! c ++ num.s ! g ++ ord.s ! a ++ cn.s ! n ; 
+      a = a
+      } ;
+-}

lib/next-resource/romance/RelativeRomance.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+incomplete concrete RelativeRomance of Relative = 
+  CatRomance ** open Prelude, CommonRomance, ResRomance in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+
+    RelCl cl = {
+      s = \\ag,t,a,p,m => pronSuch ! ag ++ conjThat ++ 
+                          cl.s ! DDir ! t ! a ! p ! m ;
+      c = Nom
+      } ;
+
+    --- more efficient to compile than case inside mkClause; see log.txt
+    RelVP rp vp = case rp.hasAgr of {
+      True => {s = \\ag =>
+          (mkClause
+                    (rp.s ! False ! {g = ag.g ; n = ag.n} ! Nom) False
+                    {g = rp.a.g ; n = rp.a.n ; p = P3}
+                    vp).s ! DDir ; c = Nom} ;
+      False => {s = \\ag =>
+          (mkClause
+                    (rp.s ! False ! {g = ag.g ; n = ag.n} ! Nom) False
+                    ag
+                    vp).s ! DDir ; c = Nom
+         }
+      } ;
+
+    RelSlash rp slash = {
+      s = \\ag,t,a,p,m => 
+          let aag = {g = ag.g ; n = ag.n} 
+          in
+          slash.c2.s ++ 
+          rp.s ! False ! aag ! slash.c2.c ++ 
+          slash.s ! aag ! DDir ! t ! a ! p ! m ;    --- ragr
+      c = Acc
+      } ;
+
+    FunRP p np rp = {
+      s = \\_,a,c => np.s ! Ton Nom ++ p.s ++ rp.s ! True ! a ! p.c ;
+      a = {g = np.a.g ; n = np.a.n} ; 
+      hasAgr = True
+      } ;
+    IdRP = {
+      s = relPron ; 
+      a = {g = Masc ; n = Sg} ; 
+      hasAgr = False
+      } ;
+
+}

lib/next-resource/romance/ResRomance.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+--1 Romance auxiliary operations.
+--
+
+interface ResRomance = DiffRomance ** open CommonRomance, Prelude in {
+
+flags optimize=all ;
+
+--2 Constants uniformly defined in terms of language-dependent constants
+
+oper
+
+  nominative : Case = Nom ;
+  accusative : Case = Acc ;
+
+  Pronoun = {s : NPForm => Str ; a : Agr ; hasClit : Bool} ;
+
+  Compl : Type = {s : Str ; c : Case ; isDir : Bool} ;
+
+  complAcc : Compl = {s = [] ; c = accusative ; isDir = True} ;
+  complGen : Compl = {s = [] ; c = genitive ; isDir = False} ;
+  complDat : Compl = {s = [] ; c = dative ; isDir = True} ;
+
+  pn2np : {s : Str ; g : Gender} -> Pronoun = \pn -> {
+      s = \\c => prepCase (npform2case c) ++ pn.s ; 
+      a = agrP3 pn.g Sg ;
+      hasClit = False
+      } ;
+
+  npform2case : NPForm -> Case = \p -> case p of {
+    Ton  x => x ;
+    Poss _ => genitive ;
+    Aton x => x
+    } ;
+
+  case2npform : Case -> NPForm = \c -> case c of {
+    Nom => Ton Nom ;
+    Acc => Ton Acc ;
+    _   => Ton c
+    } ;
+
+-- Pronouns in $NP$ lists are always in stressed forms.
+
+  stressedCase : NPForm -> NPForm = \c -> case c of {
+    Aton k => Ton k ;
+    _ => c
+    } ;
+
+  appCompl : Compl -> (NPForm => Str) -> Str = \comp,np ->
+    comp.s ++ np ! Ton comp.c ;
+
+  oper
+
+  VP : Type = {
+      s : Verb ;
+      agr    : VPAgr ;                   -- dit/dite dep. on verb, subj, and clitic
+      neg    : Polarity => (Str * Str) ; -- ne-pas
+      clAcc  : CAgr ;                    -- le/se
+      clDat  : CAgr ;                    -- lui
+      clit2  : Str ;                     -- y en
+      comp   : Agr => Str ;              -- content(e) ; à ma mère ; hier
+      ext    : Polarity => Str ;         -- que je dors / que je dorme
+      } ;
+
+
+  useVP : VP -> VPC = \vp -> 
+    let
+      verb = vp.s ;
+      vfin  : TMood -> Agr -> Str = \tm,a -> verb.s ! VFin tm a.n a.p ;
+      vpart : AAgr -> Str = \a -> verb.s ! VPart a.g a.n ;
+      vinf  : Bool -> Str = \b -> verb.s ! VInfin b ;
+      vger  = verb.s ! VGer ;
+
+      typ = verb.vtyp ;
+      aux = auxVerb typ ;
+
+      habet  : TMood -> Agr -> Str = \tm,a -> aux ! VFin tm a.n a.p ;
+      habere : Str = aux ! VInfin False ;
+
+      vimp : Agr -> Str = \a -> case <a.n,a.p> of {
+        <Pl,P1> => verb.s ! VImper PlP1 ;
+        <_, P3> => verb.s ! VFin (VPres Conjunct) a.n P3 ;
+        <Sg,_>  => verb.s ! VImper SgP2 ;
+        <Pl,_>  => verb.s ! VImper PlP2
+        } ;
+
+      vf : (Agr -> Str) -> (AAgr -> Str) -> {
+          fin : Agr => Str ; 
+          inf : AAgr => Str
+        } = 
+        \fin,inf -> {
+          fin = \\a => fin a ; 
+          inf = \\a => inf a
+        } ;
+
+    in {
+    s = table {
+      VPFinite t Simul => vf (vfin t)   (\_ -> []) ;
+      VPFinite t Anter => vf (habet t)  vpart ;   --# notpresent
+      VPInfinit Anter b=> vf (\_ -> []) (\a -> habere ++ vpart a) ;  --# notpresent
+      VPImperat        => vf vimp       (\_ -> []) ;
+      VPGerund         => vf (\_ -> []) (\_ -> vger) ;
+      VPInfinit Simul b=> vf (\_ -> []) (\_ -> vinf b)
+      } ;
+    agr    = vp.agr ; -- partAgr typ ;
+    neg    = vp.neg ; -- negation ;
+    clAcc  = vp.clAcc ; -- case isVRefl typ of {
+         -- True => CRefl ;
+         -- _    => CNone
+         -- } ;
+    clDat  = vp.clDat ; -- CNone ; --- no dative refls
+    clit2  = vp.clit2 ; -- [] ;
+    comp   = vp.comp ; -- \\a => [] ;
+    ext    = vp.ext -- \\p => []
+    } ;
+
+  predV : Verb -> VP = \verb -> 
+    let
+      typ = verb.vtyp ;
+    in {
+    s = {s = verb.s ; vtyp = typ} ;
+    agr    = partAgr typ ;
+    neg    = negation ;
+    clAcc  = case isVRefl typ of {
+          True => CRefl ;
+          _    => CNone
+          } ;
+    clDat  = CNone ; --- no dative refls
+    clit2  = [] ;
+    comp   = \\a => [] ;
+    ext    = \\p => []
+    } ;
+
+  insertObject : Compl -> Pronoun -> VP -> VP = \c,np,vp -> 
+    let
+      vpacc = vp.clAcc ; 
+      vpdat = vp.clDat ;
+      vpagr = vp.agr ;
+      npa   = np.a ;
+      cpron = CPron npa.g npa.n npa.p ; 
+      noNewClit = <vpacc, vpdat, appCompl c np.s, vpagr> ;
+
+      cc : CAgr * CAgr * Str * VPAgr = case <np.hasClit,c.isDir> of {
+        <True,True> => case c.c of {
+          Acc => <cpron, vpdat, [], vpAgrClit npa> ;
+          _   => <vpacc, cpron, [], vpagr> -- must be dat
+          } ;
+        _   => noNewClit
+        } ;
+
+    in {
+      s     = vp.s ;
+      agr   = cc.p4 ;
+      clAcc = cc.p1 ;
+      clDat = cc.p2 ;
+      clit2 = vp.clit2 ;
+      neg   = vp.neg ;
+      comp  = \\a => cc.p3 ++ vp.comp ! a ;
+      ext   = vp.ext ;
+    } ;
+
+  insertComplement : (Agr => Str) -> VP -> VP = \co,vp -> { 
+    s     = vp.s ;
+    agr   = vp.agr ;
+    clAcc = vp.clAcc ; 
+    clDat = vp.clDat ; 
+    clit2 = vp.clit2 ; 
+    neg   = vp.neg ;
+    comp  = \\a => vp.comp ! a ++ co ! a ;
+    ext   = vp.ext ;
+    } ;
+
+
+-- Agreement with preceding relative or interrogative: 
+-- "les femmes que j'ai aimées"
+
+  insertAgr : AAgr -> VP -> VP = \ag,vp -> { 
+    s     = vp.s ;
+    agr   = vpAgrClit (agrP3 ag.g ag.n) ;
+    clAcc = vp.clAcc ; 
+    clDat = vp.clDat ; 
+    clit2 = vp.clit2 ; 
+    neg   = vp.neg ;
+    comp  = vp.comp ;
+    ext   = vp.ext ;
+    } ;
+
+  insertRefl : VP -> VP = \vp -> { 
+    s     = {s = vp.s.s ; vtyp = vRefl} ;
+    agr   = vp.agr ;
+    clAcc = CRefl ; 
+    clDat = vp.clDat ; 
+    clit2 = vp.clit2 ; 
+    neg   = vp.neg ;
+    comp  = vp.comp ;
+    ext   = vp.ext ;
+    } ;
+
+  insertAdv : Str -> VP -> VP = \co,vp -> { 
+    s     = vp.s ;
+    agr   = vp.agr ;
+    clAcc = vp.clAcc ; 
+    clDat = vp.clDat ; 
+    clit2 = vp.clit2 ; 
+    neg   = vp.neg ;
+    comp  = \\a => vp.comp ! a ++ co ;
+    ext   = vp.ext ;
+    } ;
+
+  insertAdV : Str -> VP -> VP = \co,vp -> { 
+    s     = vp.s ;
+    agr   = vp.agr ;
+    clAcc = vp.clAcc ; 
+    clDat = vp.clDat ; 
+    clit2 = vp.clit2 ; 
+    neg   = \\b => let vpn = vp.neg ! b in {p1 = vpn.p1 ; p2 = vpn.p2 ++ co} ;
+    comp  = vp.comp ;
+    ext   = vp.ext ;
+    } ;
+
+  insertClit2 : Str -> VP -> VP = \co,vp -> { 
+    s     = vp.s ;
+    agr   = vp.agr ;
+    clAcc = vp.clAcc ; 
+    clDat = vp.clDat ; 
+    clit2 = vp.clit2 ++ co ; ---- y en 
+    neg   = vp.neg ;
+    comp  = vp.comp ;
+    ext   = vp.ext ;
+    } ;
+
+  insertExtrapos : (Polarity => Str) -> VP -> VP = \co,vp -> { 
+    s     = vp.s ;
+    agr   = vp.agr ;
+    clAcc = vp.clAcc ; 
+    clDat = vp.clDat ; 
+    clit2 = vp.clit2 ; 
+    neg   = vp.neg ;
+    comp  = vp.comp ;
+    ext   = \\p => vp.ext ! p ++ co ! p ;
+    } ;
+
+  mkVPSlash : Compl -> VP -> VP ** {c2 : Compl} = \c,vp -> vp ** {c2 = c} ;
+
+  mkClause : Str -> Bool -> Agr -> VP -> 
+    {s : Direct => RTense => Anteriority => Polarity => Mood => Str} =
+    \subj,hasClit,agr,vpr -> {
+      s = \\d,t,a,b,m => 
+        let 
+          tm = case t of {
+            RPast  => VImperf m ;   --# notpresent
+            RFut   => VFut ;        --# notpresent
+            RCond  => VCondit ;     --# notpresent
+            RPasse => VPasse ;      --# notpresent
+            RPres  => VPres m
+            } ;
+          vp    = useVP vpr ;
+          vps   = vp.s ! VPFinite tm a ;
+          verb  = vps.fin ! agr ;
+          inf   = vps.inf ! (appVPAgr vp.agr (aagr agr.g agr.n)) ; --- subtype bug
+          neg   = vp.neg ! b ;
+          clpr  = pronArg agr.n agr.p vp.clAcc vp.clDat ;
+          compl = clpr.p2 ++ vp.comp ! agr ++ vp.ext ! b
+        in
+        case d of {
+          DDir => 
+            subj ++ neg.p1 ++ clpr.p1 ++ vp.clit2 ++ verb ++ neg.p2 ++ inf ;
+          DInv => 
+            neg.p1 ++ clpr.p1 ++ vp.clit2 ++ verb ++ 
+            preOrPost hasClit subj (neg.p2 ++ inf)
+          }
+        ++ compl
+    } ;
+--- in French, pronouns should 
+--- have a "-" with possibly a special verb form with "t":
+--- "comment fera-t-il" vs. "comment fera Pierre"
+
+  infVP : VP -> Agr -> Str = \vpr,agr ->
+      let
+        vp   = useVP vpr ;
+        clpr = pronArg agr.n agr.p vp.clAcc vp.clDat ;
+        iform = infForm agr.n agr.p vp.clAcc vp.clDat ;
+        inf  = (vp.s ! VPInfinit Simul iform).inf ! (aagr agr.g agr.n) ;
+        neg  = vp.neg ! Pos ; --- Neg not in API
+        obj  = neg.p2 ++ clpr.p2 ++ vp.comp ! agr ++ vp.ext ! Pos ---- pol
+      in
+      clitInf clpr.p3 (clpr.p1 ++ vp.clit2) inf ++ obj ;
+
+}
+
+-- insertObject:
+-- p -cat=Cl -tr "la femme te l' envoie"
+-- PredVP (DetCN (DetSg DefSg NoOrd) (UseN woman_N)) 
+--  (ComplV3 send_V3 (UsePron he_Pron) (UsePron thou_Pron))
+-- la femme te l' a envoyé
+--
+-- p -cat=Cl -tr "la femme te lui envoie"
+-- PredVP (DetCN (DetSg DefSg NoOrd) (UseN woman_N)) 
+--   (ComplV3 send_V3 (UsePron thou_Pron) (UsePron he_Pron))
+-- la femme te lui a envoyée

lib/next-resource/romance/SentenceRomance.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+incomplete concrete SentenceRomance of Sentence = 
+  CatRomance ** open Prelude, CommonRomance, ResRomance in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+    PredVP np vp = mkClause (np.s ! Aton Nom) np.hasClit np.a vp ;
+
+    PredSCVP sc vp = mkClause sc.s False (agrP3 Masc Sg) vp ;
+
+    ImpVP vpr = let vp = useVP vpr in {
+      s = \\p,i,g => case i of {
+        ImpF n b => (mkImperative b P2 vp).s ! p ! (aagr g n)
+        }
+      } ;
+
+    SlashVP np v2 = 
+      -- agreement decided afterwards: la fille qu'il a trouvée
+      {s = \\ag => 
+          let vp = case <v2.c2.c, v2.c2.isDir> of {
+            <Acc,True> => insertAgr ag v2 ;
+            _ => v2
+            }
+          in (mkClause (np.s ! Aton Nom) np.hasClit np.a vp).s ;
+       c2 = v2.c2
+      } ;
+
+{---b
+    SlashV2 np v2 = 
+      {s = \\d,ag =>case <v2.c2.c,v2.c2.isDir> of {
+          <Acc,True> => 
+               (mkClause (np.s ! Aton Nom) np.hasClit np.a 
+                                 (insertAgr ag (predV v2))).s ! d ;
+          _ => (mkClause (np.s ! Aton Nom) np.hasClit np.a (predV v2)).s ! d
+          } ;
+       c2 = v2.c2
+      } ;
+
+    SlashVVV2 np vv v2 = 
+      {s = \\d,_ =>
+        (mkClause
+         (np.s ! Aton Nom) np.hasClit np.a
+         (insertComplement 
+           (\\a => prepCase vv.c2.c ++ v2.s ! VInfin False) (predV vv))).s ! d;
+       c2 = v2.c2
+      } ;
+-}
+    AdvSlash slash adv = {
+      s  = \\ag,d,t,a,b,m => slash.s ! ag ! d ! t ! a ! b ! m ++ adv.s ;
+      c2 = slash.c2
+      } ;
+
+    SlashPrep cl prep = {
+      s  = \\_ => cl.s ; 
+      c2 = {s = prep.s ; c = prep.c ; isDir = False}
+      } ;
+
+    SlashVS np vs slash = 
+      {s = \\ag =>
+        (mkClause
+          (np.s ! Aton Nom) np.hasClit np.a
+          (insertExtrapos (\\b => conjThat ++ slash.s ! ag ! (vs.m ! b))
+            (predV vs))
+        ).s ;
+       c2 = slash.c2
+      } ;
+
+    EmbedS  s  = {s = conjThat ++ s.s ! Indic} ; --- mood
+    EmbedQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QIndir} ;
+    EmbedVP vp = {s = infVP vp (agrP3 Masc Sg)} ; --- agr ---- compl
+
+    UseCl  t p cl = {
+      s = \\o => t.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! DDir ! t.t ! t.a ! p.p ! o
+    } ;
+    UseQCl t p cl = {
+      s = \\q => t.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! t.a ! p.p ! q
+    } ;
+    UseRCl t p cl = {
+      s = \\r,ag => t.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! ag ! t.t ! t.a ! p.p ! r ; 
+      c = cl.c
+      } ;
+    UseSlash t p cl = {
+      s = \\ag,mo => 
+          t.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! ag ! DDir ! t.t ! t.a ! p.p ! mo ;
+      c2 = cl.c2
+    } ;
+
+    AdvS a s = {s = \\o => a.s ++ "," ++ s.s ! o} ;
+
+    RelS s r = {
+      s = \\o => s.s ! o ++ "," ++ partQIndir ++ r.s ! Indic ! agrP3 Masc Sg
+      } ;
+
+}