From a039808141a044cf098fe06c57a013bc4bf11b37 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: krasimir <krasimir@chalmers.se>
Date: Sun, 17 Jan 2010 21:35:36 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] PGF is now real synchronous PMCFG

---
 GF.cabal                                 |  11 +--
 Setup.hs                                 |   7 +-
 src/compiler/GF/Command/Commands.hs      |  32 +++---
 src/compiler/GF/Compile.hs               |  36 ++-----
 src/compiler/GF/Compile/Export.hs        |   6 +-
 src/compiler/GF/Compile/GeneratePMCFG.hs |  38 ++++----
 src/compiler/GF/Compile/GrammarToPGF.hs  |  37 ++++---
 src/compiler/GF/Compile/OptimizePGF.hs   | 118 -----------------------
 src/compiler/GF/Compile/PGFPretty.hs     |  94 ------------------
 src/compiler/GF/Compile/PGFtoJS.hs       |  30 +++---
 src/compiler/GF/Compile/PGFtoProlog.hs   |  13 +--
 src/compiler/GF/Infra/Option.hs          |  16 +--
 src/compiler/GF/Speech/PGFToCFG.hs       |  16 +--
 src/runtime/haskell/PGF.hs               |  27 +-----
 src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Binary.hs        |  47 ++++-----
 src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Check.hs         |  24 +++--
 src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Data.hs          |  57 ++++++++---
 src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Linearize.hs     |  10 +-
 src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Macros.hs        |  33 ++-----
 src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Morphology.hs    |   2 +-
 src/runtime/haskell/PGF/PMCFG.hs         | 101 -------------------
 src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Parse.hs         |  51 +++++-----
 src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Printer.hs       |  89 +++++++++++++++++
 23 files changed, 296 insertions(+), 599 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/compiler/GF/Compile/OptimizePGF.hs
 delete mode 100644 src/compiler/GF/Compile/PGFPretty.hs
 delete mode 100644 src/runtime/haskell/PGF/PMCFG.hs
 create mode 100644 src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Printer.hs

diff --git a/GF.cabal b/GF.cabal
index d1d02f50a..6c7df6063 100644
--- a/GF.cabal
+++ b/GF.cabal
@@ -43,24 +43,18 @@ library
     PGF.Expr
     PGF.Type
     PGF.Tree
-    PGF.PMCFG
     PGF.Paraphrase
     PGF.TypeCheck
     PGF.Binary
     PGF.Morphology
     PGF.VisualizeTree
+    PGF.Printer
     GF.Data.TrieMap
     GF.Data.Utilities
     GF.Data.SortedList
     GF.Data.ErrM
     GF.Data.Relation
     GF.Data.Operations
--- needed only for the on demand generation of PMCFG
-    GF.Infra.GetOpt
-    GF.Infra.Option
-    GF.Data.ErrM
-    GF.Data.BacktrackM
-    GF.Compile.GeneratePMCFG
 -- not really part of GF but I have changed the original binary library
 -- and we have to keep the copy for now.
     Data.Binary
@@ -141,7 +135,6 @@ executable gf
     GF.Compile.Abstract.Compute
     GF.Compile.Optimize
     GF.Compile.SubExOpt
-    GF.Compile.OptimizePGF
     GF.Compile.ModDeps
     GF.Compile.GetGrammar
     GF.Compile.PGFtoHaskell
@@ -156,7 +149,6 @@ executable gf
     PGF.Expr
     PGF.Type
     PGF.Tree
-    PGF.PMCFG
     PGF.Macros
     PGF.Generate
     PGF.Linearize
@@ -164,6 +156,7 @@ executable gf
     PGF.Paraphrase
     PGF.TypeCheck
     PGF.Binary
+    PGF.Printer
     GFC
     GFI
 
diff --git a/Setup.hs b/Setup.hs
index 170a5ae8e..9a19d9e11 100644
--- a/Setup.hs
+++ b/Setup.hs
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ langsDemo = langsLang `except` ["Ara","Hin","Ina","Tha"]
 langsParse = langs `only` ["Eng"]
 
 -- languages for which langs.pgf is built
-langsPGF = langsLang `except` ["Ara","Bul","Hin","Ron","Tha"]
+langsPGF = langsLang `except` ["Ara","Hin","Ron","Tha"]
 
 -- languages for which Compatibility exists (to be extended)
 langsCompat = langsLang `only` ["Cat","Eng","Fin","Fre","Ita","Spa","Swe"]
@@ -297,15 +297,14 @@ unlexer abstr ls =
 -- | Runs the gf executable in compile mode with the given arguments.
 run_gfc :: PackageDescription -> LocalBuildInfo -> [String] -> IO ()
 run_gfc pkg lbi args = 
-    do let args' = ["-batch","-gf-lib-path="++rgl_src_dir] ++ filter (not . null) args ++ ["+RTS"] ++ rts_flags ++ ["-RTS"]
+    do let args' = ["-batch","-gf-lib-path="++rgl_src_dir] ++ filter (not . null) args
            gf = default_gf pkg lbi
        putStrLn $ "Running: " ++ gf ++ " " ++ unwords (map showArg args')
        e <- rawSystem gf args'
        case e of
          ExitSuccess   -> return ()
          ExitFailure i -> die $ "gf exited with exit code: " ++ show i
-  where rts_flags = ["-K64M"]
-        showArg arg = "'" ++ arg ++ "'"
+  where showArg arg = "'" ++ arg ++ "'"
 
 default_gf pkg lbi = buildDir lbi </> exeName' </> exeNameReal
   where
diff --git a/src/compiler/GF/Command/Commands.hs b/src/compiler/GF/Command/Commands.hs
index addf9b94a..f537099f8 100644
--- a/src/compiler/GF/Command/Commands.hs
+++ b/src/compiler/GF/Command/Commands.hs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import PGF.VisualizeTree
 import PGF.Macros
 import PGF.Data ----
 import PGF.Morphology
+import PGF.Printer
 import GF.Compile.Export
 import GF.Infra.Option (noOptions, readOutputFormat, Encoding(..))
 import GF.Infra.UseIO
@@ -752,22 +753,17 @@ allCommands cod env@(pgf, mos) = Map.fromList [
      exec = \opts arg -> do
        case arg of
          [EFun id] -> case Map.lookup id (funs (abstract pgf)) of
-                        Just (ty,_,eqs) -> return $ fromString $
-                                              render (text "fun" <+> ppCId id <+> colon <+> ppType 0 [] ty $$
-                                                      if null eqs
-                                                        then empty
-                                                        else text "def" <+> vcat [let (scope,ds) = mapAccumL (ppPatt 9) [] patts
-                                                                                  in ppCId id <+> hsep ds <+> char '=' <+> ppExpr 0 scope res | Equ patts res <- eqs])
-                        Nothing         -> case Map.lookup id (cats (abstract pgf)) of
-                                             Just hyps -> do return $ fromString $
-                                                                render (text "cat" <+> ppCId id <+> hsep (snd (mapAccumL ppHypo [] hyps)) $$
-                                                                        if null (functionsToCat pgf id)
-                                                                          then empty
-                                                                          else space $$
-                                                                               text "fun" <+> vcat [ppCId fid <+> colon <+> ppType 0 [] ty 
-                                                                                                       | (fid,ty) <- functionsToCat pgf id])
-                                             Nothing   -> do putStrLn ("unknown category of function identifier "++show id)
-                                                             return void
+                        Just fd -> return $ fromString $
+                                      render (ppFun id fd)
+                        Nothing -> case Map.lookup id (cats (abstract pgf)) of
+                                     Just hyps -> do return $ fromString $
+                                                        render (ppCat id hyps $$
+                                                                if null (functionsToCat pgf id)
+                                                                  then empty
+                                                                  else space $$
+                                                                       vcat [ppFun fid (ty,0,[]) | (fid,ty) <- functionsToCat pgf id])
+                                     Nothing   -> do putStrLn ("unknown category of function identifier "++show id)
+                                                     return void
          [e]         -> case inferExpr pgf e of
                           Left tcErr   -> error $ render (ppTcError tcErr)
                           Right (e,ty) -> do putStrLn ("Expression: "++showExpr [] e)
@@ -782,8 +778,8 @@ allCommands cod env@(pgf, mos) = Map.fromList [
    enc = encodeUnicode cod
 
    par opts s = case optOpenTypes opts of
-                  []        -> concat  [parse pgf lang (optType opts) s | lang <- optLangs opts, canParse pgf lang]
-                  open_typs -> concat  [parseWithRecovery pgf lang (optType opts) open_typs s | lang <- optLangs opts, canParse pgf lang]
+                  []        -> concat  [parse pgf lang (optType opts) s | lang <- optLangs opts]
+                  open_typs -> concat  [parseWithRecovery pgf lang (optType opts) open_typs s | lang <- optLangs opts]
  
    void = ([],[])
 
diff --git a/src/compiler/GF/Compile.hs b/src/compiler/GF/Compile.hs
index cef7b235a..f6d346320 100644
--- a/src/compiler/GF/Compile.hs
+++ b/src/compiler/GF/Compile.hs
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import GF.Compile.Rename
 import GF.Compile.CheckGrammar
 import GF.Compile.Optimize
 import GF.Compile.SubExOpt
-import GF.Compile.OptimizePGF
 import GF.Compile.GrammarToPGF
 import GF.Compile.ReadFiles
 import GF.Compile.Update
@@ -54,31 +53,16 @@ compileToPGF opts fs =
 
 link :: Options -> String -> SourceGrammar -> IOE PGF
 link opts cnc gr = do
-       let isv = (verbAtLeast opts Normal)
-       gc1 <- putPointE Normal opts "linking ... " $
-                let (abs,gc0) = mkCanon2gfcc opts cnc gr
-                in case checkPGF gc0 of
-		     Ok (gc,b) -> do 
-                       case (isv,b) of
-                         (True, True) -> ioeIO $ putStrLn "OK" 
-                         (False,True) -> return ()
-                         _            -> ioeIO $ putStrLn $ "Corrupted PGF"
-		       return gc
-		     Bad s -> fail s
-       ioeIO $ buildParser opts $ optimize opts gc1
-
-optimize :: Options -> PGF -> PGF
-optimize opts = cse . suf
-  where os  = flag optOptimizations opts
-        cse = if OptCSE  `Set.member` os then cseOptimize    else id
-        suf = if OptStem `Set.member` os then suffixOptimize else id
-
-buildParser :: Options -> PGF -> IO PGF
-buildParser opts = 
-    case flag optBuildParser opts of
-      BuildParser         -> addParsers opts
-      DontBuildParser     -> return
-      BuildParserOnDemand -> return . mapConcretes (\cnc -> cnc { cflags = Map.insert (mkCId "parser") "ondemand" (cflags cnc) })
+  let isv = (verbAtLeast opts Normal)
+  putPointE Normal opts "linking ... " $ do
+    gc0 <- ioeIO (mkCanon2pgf opts cnc gr)
+    case checkPGF gc0 of
+      Ok (gc,b) -> do case (isv,b) of
+                        (True, True) -> ioeIO $ putStrLn "OK" 
+                        (False,True) -> return ()
+                        _            -> ioeIO $ putStrLn $ "Corrupted PGF"
+                      return gc
+      Bad s     -> fail s
 
 batchCompile :: Options -> [FilePath] -> IOE SourceGrammar
 batchCompile opts files = do
diff --git a/src/compiler/GF/Compile/Export.hs b/src/compiler/GF/Compile/Export.hs
index 29f35e32a..463a48aa6 100644
--- a/src/compiler/GF/Compile/Export.hs
+++ b/src/compiler/GF/Compile/Export.hs
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ module GF.Compile.Export where
 
 import PGF.CId
 import PGF.Data (PGF(..))
+import PGF.Printer
 import GF.Compile.PGFtoHaskell
 import GF.Compile.PGFtoProlog
 import GF.Compile.PGFtoJS
-import GF.Compile.PGFPretty
 import GF.Infra.Option
 import GF.Speech.CFG
 import GF.Speech.PGFToCFG
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import GF.Speech.PrRegExp
 
 import Data.Maybe
 import System.FilePath
+import Text.PrettyPrint
 
 -- top-level access to code generation
 
@@ -29,8 +30,7 @@ exportPGF :: Options
           -> [(FilePath,String)] -- ^ List of recommended file names and contents.
 exportPGF opts fmt pgf = 
     case fmt of
-      FmtPGFPretty    -> multi "txt" prPGFPretty
-      FmtPMCFGPretty  -> single "pmcfg" prPMCFGPretty
+      FmtPGFPretty    -> multi "txt" (render . ppPGF)
       FmtJavaScript   -> multi "js"  pgf2js
       FmtHaskell      -> multi "hs"  (grammar2haskell opts name)
       FmtProlog       -> multi "pl"  grammar2prolog 
diff --git a/src/compiler/GF/Compile/GeneratePMCFG.hs b/src/compiler/GF/Compile/GeneratePMCFG.hs
index e6e3fdc79..27426203f 100644
--- a/src/compiler/GF/Compile/GeneratePMCFG.hs
+++ b/src/compiler/GF/Compile/GeneratePMCFG.hs
@@ -35,24 +35,20 @@ import Control.Exception
 -- main conversion function
 
 
-convertConcrete :: Options -> Abstr -> CId -> Concr -> IO ParserInfo
-convertConcrete opts abs lang cnc = do
+--convertConcrete :: Options -> Abstr -> CId -> Concr -> IO Concr
+convertConcrete opts lang flags printnames abs_defs cnc_defs lincats params lin_defs = do
   let env0 = emptyGrammarEnv cnc_defs cat_defs params
   when (flag optProf opts) $ do
     profileGrammar lang cnc_defs env0 pfrules
   let env1 = expandHOAS abs_defs cnc_defs cat_defs lin_defs env0
       env2 = List.foldl' (convertRule cnc_defs) env1 pfrules
-  return $ getParserInfo env2
+  return $ getParserInfo flags printnames env2
   where
-    abs_defs = Map.assocs (funs abs)
-    cnc_defs = Map.union (opers cnc) (lins cnc) -- "union big+small most efficient"
-    cat_defs = Map.insert cidVar (S []) (lincats cnc)
-    params   = paramlincats cnc
-    lin_defs = lindefs cnc
+    cat_defs = Map.insert cidVar (S []) lincats
 
     pfrules = [
       (PFRule id args (0,res) (map findLinType args) (findLinType (0,res)) term) | 
-        (id, (ty,_,_)) <- abs_defs, let (args,res) = typeSkeleton ty, 
+        (id, (ty,_,_)) <- Map.toList abs_defs, let (args,res) = typeSkeleton ty, 
         term <- maybeToList (Map.lookup id cnc_defs)]
         
     findLinType (_,id) = fromMaybe (error $ "No lincat for " ++ show id) (Map.lookup id cat_defs)
@@ -364,7 +360,7 @@ expandHOAS abs_defs cnc_defs lincats lindefs env =
   foldl add_varFun (foldl (\env ncat -> add_hoFun (add_hoCat env ncat) ncat) env hoTypes) (Map.keys lincats)
   where
     hoTypes :: [(Int,CId)]
-    hoTypes = sortNub [(n,c) | (_,(ty,_,_)) <- abs_defs
+    hoTypes = sortNub [(n,c) | (_,(ty,_,_)) <- Map.toList abs_defs
                              , (n,c) <- fst (typeSkeleton ty), n > 0]
   
     -- add a range of PMCFG categories for each GF high-order category
@@ -438,16 +434,18 @@ addFCoercion env@(GrammarEnv last_id catSet seqSet funSet crcSet prodSet) sub_fc
                 Nothing   -> let !fcat = last_id+1
                              in (GrammarEnv fcat catSet seqSet funSet (Map.insert sub_fcats fcat crcSet) prodSet,fcat)
 
-getParserInfo :: GrammarEnv -> ParserInfo
-getParserInfo (GrammarEnv last_id catSet seqSet funSet crcSet prodSet) =
-  ParserInfo { functions   = mkArray funSet
-             , sequences   = mkArray seqSet
-             , productions = IntMap.union prodSet coercions
-             , pproductions = IntMap.empty
-             , lproductions = Map.empty
-             , startCats   = maybe Map.empty (Map.map (\(start,end,_,lbls) -> (start,end,lbls))) (IntMap.lookup 0 catSet)
-             , totalCats   = last_id+1
-             }
+getParserInfo :: Map.Map CId String -> Map.Map CId String -> GrammarEnv -> Concr
+getParserInfo flags printnames (GrammarEnv last_id catSet seqSet funSet crcSet prodSet) =
+  Concr { cflags = flags
+        , printnames = printnames
+        , functions   = mkArray funSet
+        , sequences   = mkArray seqSet
+        , productions = IntMap.union prodSet coercions
+        , pproductions = IntMap.empty
+        , lproductions = Map.empty
+        , startCats   = maybe Map.empty (Map.map (\(start,end,_,lbls) -> (start,end,lbls))) (IntMap.lookup 0 catSet)
+        , totalCats   = last_id+1
+        }
   where
     mkArray map = array (0,Map.size map-1) [(v,k) | (k,v) <- Map.toList map]
     
diff --git a/src/compiler/GF/Compile/GrammarToPGF.hs b/src/compiler/GF/Compile/GrammarToPGF.hs
index 31c768045..d272404e3 100644
--- a/src/compiler/GF/Compile/GrammarToPGF.hs
+++ b/src/compiler/GF/Compile/GrammarToPGF.hs
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 {-# LANGUAGE PatternGuards #-}
-module GF.Compile.GrammarToPGF (mkCanon2gfcc,addParsers) where
+module GF.Compile.GrammarToPGF (mkCanon2pgf) where
 
 import GF.Compile.Export
 import GF.Compile.GeneratePMCFG
 
 import PGF.CId
 import PGF.Macros(updateProductionIndices)
+import PGF.Check(checkLin)
 import qualified PGF.Macros as CM
 import qualified PGF.Data as C
 import qualified PGF.Data as D
@@ -36,28 +37,22 @@ traceD s t = t
 
 
 -- the main function: generate PGF from GF.
-mkCanon2gfcc :: Options -> String -> SourceGrammar -> (String,D.PGF)
-mkCanon2gfcc opts cnc gr = 
-  (showIdent abs, (canon2gfcc opts pars . reorder abs . canon2canon opts abs) gr)
+mkCanon2pgf :: Options -> String -> SourceGrammar -> IO D.PGF
+mkCanon2pgf opts cnc gr = (canon2pgf opts pars . reorder abs . canon2canon opts abs) gr
   where
     abs = err (const c) id $ M.abstractOfConcrete gr c where c = identC (BS.pack cnc)
     pars = mkParamLincat gr
 
--- Adds parsers for all concretes
-addParsers :: Options -> D.PGF -> IO D.PGF
-addParsers opts pgf = do cncs <- sequence [conv lang cnc | (lang,cnc) <- Map.toList (D.concretes pgf)]
-                         return $ updateProductionIndices $ pgf { D.concretes = Map.fromList cncs }
-  where
-    conv lang cnc = do pinfo <- convertConcrete opts (D.abstract pgf) lang cnc
-                       return (lang,cnc { D.parser = Just pinfo })
-
 -- Generate PGF from GFCM.
 -- this assumes a grammar translated by canon2canon
 
-canon2gfcc :: Options -> (Ident -> Ident -> C.Term) -> SourceGrammar -> D.PGF
-canon2gfcc opts pars cgr@(M.MGrammar ((a,abm):cms)) = 
-  (if dump opts DumpCanon then trace (render (vcat (map (ppModule Qualified) (M.modules cgr)))) else id) $
-     D.PGF an cns gflags abs cncs 
+canon2pgf :: Options -> (Ident -> Ident -> C.Term) -> SourceGrammar -> IO D.PGF
+canon2pgf opts pars cgr@(M.MGrammar ((a,abm):cms)) = do
+  if dump opts DumpCanon
+    then putStrLn (render (vcat (map (ppModule Qualified) (M.modules cgr))))
+    else return ()
+  cncs <- sequence [mkConcr lang (i2i lang) mo | (lang,mo) <- cms]
+  return (D.PGF an cns gflags abs (Map.fromList cncs))
  where
   -- abstract
   an  = (i2i a)
@@ -82,13 +77,15 @@ canon2gfcc opts pars cgr@(M.MGrammar ((a,abm):cms)) =
   catfuns = Map.fromList 
     [(cat,[f | (f, (C.DTyp _ c _,_,_)) <- lfuns, c==cat]) | (cat,_) <- lcats]
 
-  cncs  = Map.fromList [mkConcr lang (i2i lang) mo | (lang,mo) <- cms]
-  mkConcr lang0 lang mo = 
-      (lang,D.Concr flags lins opers lincats lindefs printnames params fcfg)
+  mkConcr lang0 lang mo = do
+    lins' <- case mapM (checkLin (funs,lins,lincats) lang) (Map.toList lins) of
+               Ok x    -> return x
+               Bad msg -> fail msg
+    cnc <- convertConcrete opts lang flags printnames funs (Map.fromList (map fst lins')) lincats params lindefs
+    return (lang, cnc)
     where
       js = tree2list (M.jments mo)
       flags   = Map.fromList [(mkCId f,x) | (f,x) <- optionsPGF (M.flags mo)]
-      opers   = Map.fromAscList [] -- opers will be created as optimization
       utf     = id -- trace (show lang0 +++ show flags) $ 
                 -- if moduleFlag optEncoding (moduleOptions (M.flags mo)) == UTF_8
                 --  then id else id 
diff --git a/src/compiler/GF/Compile/OptimizePGF.hs b/src/compiler/GF/Compile/OptimizePGF.hs
deleted file mode 100644
index 4ef8ce5cf..000000000
--- a/src/compiler/GF/Compile/OptimizePGF.hs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-module GF.Compile.OptimizePGF where
-
-import PGF.CId
-import PGF.Data
-import PGF.Macros
-
-import GF.Data.Operations
-
-import Data.List
-import qualified Data.Map as Map
-
-
--- back-end optimization: 
--- suffix analysis followed by common subexpression elimination
-
-optPGF :: PGF -> PGF
-optPGF = cseOptimize . suffixOptimize
-
-suffixOptimize :: PGF -> PGF
-suffixOptimize = mapConcretes opt
- where 
-  opt cnc = cnc {
-    lins = Map.map optTerm (lins cnc),
-    lindefs = Map.map optTerm (lindefs cnc)
-  }
-
-cseOptimize :: PGF -> PGF
-cseOptimize = mapConcretes subex
-
--- analyse word form lists into prefix + suffixes
--- suffix sets can later be shared by subex elim
-
-optTerm :: Term -> Term  
-optTerm tr = case tr of
-    R ts@(_:_:_) | all isK ts -> mkSuff $ optToks [s | K (KS s) <- ts]
-    R ts  -> R $ map optTerm ts
-    P t v -> P (optTerm t) v
-    _ -> tr
- where
-  optToks ss = prf : suffs where
-    prf = pref (head ss) (tail ss)
-    suffs = map (drop (length prf)) ss
-    pref cand ss = case ss of
-      s1:ss2 -> if isPrefixOf cand s1 then pref cand ss2 else pref (init cand) ss
-      _ -> cand
-  isK t = case t of
-    K (KS _) -> True
-    _ -> False
-  mkSuff ("":ws) = R (map (K . KS) ws)
-  mkSuff (p:ws) = W p (R (map (K . KS) ws))
-
-
--- common subexpression elimination
-
----subex :: [(CId,Term)] -> [(CId,Term)]
-subex :: Concr -> Concr
-subex cnc = err error id $ do
-  (tree,_) <- appSTM (getSubtermsMod cnc) (Map.empty,0)
-  return $ addSubexpConsts tree cnc
-
-type TermList = Map.Map Term (Int,Int) -- number of occs, id
-type TermM a = STM (TermList,Int) a
-
-addSubexpConsts :: TermList -> Concr -> Concr
-addSubexpConsts tree cnc = cnc {
-  opers = Map.fromList [(f,recomp f trm) | (f,trm) <- ops],
-  lins  = rec lins,
-  lindefs = rec lindefs
-  }
- where
-   ops = [(fid id, trm) | (trm,(_,id)) <- Map.assocs tree]
-   mkOne (f,trm) = (f, recomp f trm)
-   recomp f t = case Map.lookup t tree of
-     Just (_,id) | fid id /= f -> F $ fid id -- not to replace oper itself
-     _ -> case t of
-       R ts   -> R $ map (recomp f) ts
-       S ts   -> S $ map (recomp f) ts
-       W s t  -> W s (recomp f t)
-       P t p  -> P (recomp f t) (recomp f p)
-       _ -> t
-   fid n = mkCId $ "_" ++ show n
-   rec field = Map.fromAscList [(f,recomp f trm) | (f,trm) <- Map.assocs (field cnc)]
-
-
-getSubtermsMod :: Concr -> TermM TermList
-getSubtermsMod cnc = do
-  mapM getSubterms (Map.assocs (lins cnc))
-  mapM getSubterms (Map.assocs (lindefs cnc))
-  (tree0,_) <- readSTM
-  return $ Map.filter (\ (nu,_) -> nu > 1) tree0
- where
-   getSubterms (f,trm) = collectSubterms trm >> return ()
-
-collectSubterms :: Term -> TermM ()
-collectSubterms t = case t of
-  R ts -> do
-    mapM collectSubterms ts
-    add t
-  S ts -> do
-    mapM collectSubterms ts
-    add t
-  W s u -> do
-    collectSubterms u
-    add t
-  P p u -> do
-    collectSubterms p
-    collectSubterms u
-    add t
-  _ -> return ()
- where
-   add t = do
-     (ts,i) <- readSTM
-     let 
-       ((count,id),next) = case Map.lookup t ts of
-         Just (nu,id) -> ((nu+1,id), i)
-         _ ->            ((1,   i ), i+1)
-     writeSTM (Map.insert t (count,id) ts, next)
-
diff --git a/src/compiler/GF/Compile/PGFPretty.hs b/src/compiler/GF/Compile/PGFPretty.hs
deleted file mode 100644
index 706081999..000000000
--- a/src/compiler/GF/Compile/PGFPretty.hs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
--- | Print a part of a PGF grammar on the human-readable format used in 
--- the paper "PGF: A Portable Run-Time Format for Type-Theoretical Grammars".
-module GF.Compile.PGFPretty (prPGFPretty, prPMCFGPretty) where
-
-import PGF.CId
-import PGF.Data
-import PGF.Macros
-import PGF.PMCFG
-
-import GF.Data.Operations
-
-import Data.Map (Map)
-import qualified Data.Map as Map
-import Text.PrettyPrint.HughesPJ
-
-
-prPGFPretty :: PGF -> String
-prPGFPretty pgf = render $ prAbs (abstract pgf) $$ prAll (prCnc (abstract pgf)) (concretes pgf)
-
-prPMCFGPretty :: PGF -> CId -> String
-prPMCFGPretty pgf lang = render $
-  case lookParser pgf lang of
-    Nothing    -> empty
-    Just pinfo -> text "language" <+> ppCId lang $$ ppPMCFG pinfo
-                                                   
-
-prAbs :: Abstr -> Doc
-prAbs a = prAll prCat (cats a) $$ prAll prFun (funs a)
-
-prCat :: CId -> [Hypo] -> Doc
-prCat c h | isLiteralCat c = empty
-          | otherwise = text "cat" <+> ppCId c
-
-prFun :: CId -> (Type,Int,[Equation]) -> Doc
-prFun f (t,_,_) = text "fun" <+> ppCId f <+> text ":" <+> prType t
-
-prType :: Type -> Doc
-prType t = parens (hsep (punctuate (text ",") (map ppCId cs))) <+> text "->" <+> ppCId c
-  where (cs,c) = catSkeleton t
-
-
--- FIXME: show concrete name
--- FIXME: inline opers first
-prCnc :: Abstr -> CId -> Concr -> Doc
-prCnc abstr name c = prAll prLinCat (lincats c) $$ prAll prLin (lins (expand c))
-  where
-    prLinCat :: CId -> Term -> Doc
-    prLinCat c t | isLiteralCat c = empty
-                 | otherwise = text "lincat" <+> ppCId c <+> text "=" <+> pr 0 t
-        where
-          pr p (R ts) = prec p 1 (hsep (punctuate (text " *") (map (pr 1) ts)))
-          pr _ (S []) = text "Str"
-          pr _ (C n) = text "Int_" <> text (show (n+1))
-
-    prLin :: CId -> Term -> Doc
-    prLin f t = text "lin" <+> ppCId f <+> text "=" <+> pr 0 t
-        where
-          pr :: Int -> Term -> Doc
-          pr p (R ts) = text "<" <+> hsep (punctuate (text ",") (map (pr 0) ts)) <+> text ">"
-          pr p (P t1 t2) = prec p 3 (pr 3 t1 <> text "!" <> pr 3 t2)
-          pr p (S ts) = prec p 2 (hsep (punctuate (text " ++") (map (pr 2) ts)))
-          pr p (K (KS t)) = doubleQuotes (text t)
-          pr p (K _) = empty
-          pr p (V i) = text ("argv_" ++ show (i+1))
-          pr p (C i) = text (show (i+1))
-          pr p (FV ts) = prec p 1 (hsep (punctuate (text " |") (map (pr 1) ts)))
-          pr _ t = error $ "PGFPretty.prLin " ++ show t
-
-linCat :: Concr -> CId -> Term
-linCat cnc c = Map.findWithDefault (error $ "lincat: " ++ showCId c) c (lincats cnc)
-
-prec :: Int -> Int -> Doc -> Doc
-prec p m | p >= m = parens
-         | otherwise = id
-
-expand :: Concr -> Concr
-expand cnc = cnc { lins = Map.map (f "") (lins cnc) }
-  where 
-    -- FIXME: handle KP
-    f :: String -> Term -> Term
-    f w (R ts) = R (map (f w) ts)
-    f w (P t1 t2) = P (f w t1) (f w t2)
-    f w (S []) = S (if null w then [] else [K (KS w)])
-    f w (S (t:ts)) = S (f w t : map (f "") ts)
-    f w (FV ts) = FV (map (f w) ts)
-    f w (W s t) = f (w++s) t
-    f w (K (KS t)) = K (KS (w++t))
-    f w (F o) = f w (Map.findWithDefault (error $ "Bad oper: " ++ showCId o) o (opers cnc))
-    f w t = t
-
--- Utilities
-
-prAll :: (a -> b -> Doc) -> Map a b -> Doc
-prAll p m = vcat [ p k v | (k,v) <- Map.toList m]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/compiler/GF/Compile/PGFtoJS.hs b/src/compiler/GF/Compile/PGFtoJS.hs
index 67d18809a..1f6d083a2 100644
--- a/src/compiler/GF/Compile/PGFtoJS.hs
+++ b/src/compiler/GF/Compile/PGFtoJS.hs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ pgf2js pgf =
    start = showCId $ M.lookStartCat pgf
    grammar = new "GFGrammar" [js_abstract, js_concrete]
    js_abstract = abstract2js start as
-   js_concrete = JS.EObj $ map (concrete2js n) cs
+   js_concrete = JS.EObj $ map concrete2js cs
 
 abstract2js :: String -> Abstr -> JS.Expr
 abstract2js start ds = new "GFAbstract" [JS.EStr start, JS.EObj $ map absdef2js (Map.assocs (funs ds))]
@@ -39,18 +39,21 @@ absdef2js (f,(typ,_,_)) =
   let (args,cat) = M.catSkeleton typ in 
     JS.Prop (JS.IdentPropName (JS.Ident (showCId f))) (new "Type" [JS.EArray [JS.EStr (showCId x) | x <- args], JS.EStr (showCId cat)])
 
-concrete2js :: String -> (CId,Concr) -> JS.Property
-concrete2js n (c, cnc) =
-    JS.Prop l (new "GFConcrete" ([flags,(JS.EObj $ ((map (cncdef2js n (showCId c)) ds) ++ litslins))] ++
-                                 maybe [] parser2js (parser cnc)))
+concrete2js :: (CId,Concr) -> JS.Property
+concrete2js (c,cnc) =
+  JS.Prop l (new "GFConcrete" [mapToJSObj JS.EStr $ cflags cnc,
+                               JS.EObj $ [JS.Prop (JS.IntPropName cat) (JS.EArray (map frule2js (Set.toList set))) | (cat,set) <- IntMap.toList (productions cnc)],
+                               JS.EArray $ (map ffun2js (Array.elems (functions cnc))),
+                               JS.EArray $ (map seq2js (Array.elems (sequences cnc))),
+                               JS.EObj $ map cats (Map.assocs (startCats cnc)),
+                               JS.EInt (totalCats cnc)])
   where 
-   flags = mapToJSObj JS.EStr $ cflags cnc
    l  = JS.IdentPropName (JS.Ident (showCId c))
-   ds = concatMap Map.assocs [lins cnc, opers cnc, lindefs cnc]
    litslins = [JS.Prop (JS.StringPropName    "Int") (JS.EFun [children] [JS.SReturn $ new "Arr" [JS.EIndex (JS.EVar children) (JS.EInt 0)]]), 
                JS.Prop (JS.StringPropName  "Float") (JS.EFun [children] [JS.SReturn $ new "Arr" [JS.EIndex (JS.EVar children) (JS.EInt 0)]]),
                JS.Prop (JS.StringPropName "String") (JS.EFun [children] [JS.SReturn $ new "Arr" [JS.EIndex (JS.EVar children) (JS.EInt 0)]])]
-
+   cats (c,(start,end,_)) = JS.Prop (JS.IdentPropName (JS.Ident (showCId c))) (JS.EObj [JS.Prop (JS.IdentPropName (JS.Ident "s")) (JS.EInt start)
+                                                                                       ,JS.Prop (JS.IdentPropName (JS.Ident "e")) (JS.EInt end)])
 
 cncdef2js :: String -> String -> (CId,Term) -> JS.Property
 cncdef2js n l (f, t) = JS.Prop (JS.IdentPropName (JS.Ident (showCId f))) (JS.EFun [children] [JS.SReturn (term2js n l t)])
@@ -88,17 +91,6 @@ argIdent n = JS.Ident ("x" ++ show n)
 children :: JS.Ident
 children = JS.Ident "cs"
 
--- Parser
-parser2js :: ParserInfo -> [JS.Expr]
-parser2js p  = [new "Parser" [JS.EObj $ [JS.Prop (JS.IntPropName cat) (JS.EArray (map frule2js (Set.toList set))) | (cat,set) <- IntMap.toList (productions p)],
-                              JS.EArray $ (map ffun2js (Array.elems (functions p))),
-                              JS.EArray $ (map seq2js (Array.elems (sequences p))),
-                              JS.EObj $ map cats (Map.assocs (startCats p)),
-                              JS.EInt (totalCats p)]]
-  where 
-    cats (c,(start,end,_)) = JS.Prop (JS.IdentPropName (JS.Ident (showCId c))) (JS.EObj [JS.Prop (JS.IdentPropName (JS.Ident "s")) (JS.EInt start)
-                                                                                      ,JS.Prop (JS.IdentPropName (JS.Ident "e")) (JS.EInt end)])
-
 frule2js :: Production -> JS.Expr
 frule2js (FApply funid args) = new "Rule"   [JS.EInt funid, JS.EArray (map JS.EInt args)]
 frule2js (FCoerce arg)       = new "Coerce" [JS.EInt arg]
diff --git a/src/compiler/GF/Compile/PGFtoProlog.hs b/src/compiler/GF/Compile/PGFtoProlog.hs
index 538430747..9effbec70 100644
--- a/src/compiler/GF/Compile/PGFtoProlog.hs
+++ b/src/compiler/GF/Compile/PGFtoProlog.hs
@@ -88,20 +88,11 @@ plFundef (fun, (_,_,eqs)) = [plFact "def" [plp fun, plp fundef']]
 -- concrete syntax
 
 plConcrete :: (CId, Concr) -> [String]
-plConcrete (cncname, Concr cflags lins opers lincats lindefs 
-                   _printnames _paramlincats _parser) =
+plConcrete (cncname, cnc) =
     ["", "%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%",
      "%% concrete module: " ++ plp cncname] ++
     clauseHeader "%% cncflag(?Flag, ?Value): flags for concrete syntax"
-                     (map (mod . plpFact2 "cncflag") (Map.assocs cflags)) ++ 
-    clauseHeader "%% lincat(?Cat, ?Linearization type)"
-                     (map (mod . plpFact2 "lincat") (Map.assocs lincats)) ++ 
-    clauseHeader "%% lindef(?Cat, ?Linearization default)"
-                     (map (mod . plpFact2 "lindef") (Map.assocs lindefs)) ++ 
-    clauseHeader "%% lin(?Fun, ?Linearization)"
-                     (map (mod . plpFact2 "lin") (Map.assocs lins)) ++
-    clauseHeader "%% oper(?Oper, ?Linearization)"
-                     (map (mod . plpFact2 "oper") (Map.assocs opers))
+                     (map (mod . plpFact2 "cncflag") (Map.assocs (cflags cnc)))
     where mod clause = plp cncname ++ ": " ++ clause
 
 
diff --git a/src/compiler/GF/Infra/Option.hs b/src/compiler/GF/Infra/Option.hs
index dba40cbf3..34cc383dc 100644
--- a/src/compiler/GF/Infra/Option.hs
+++ b/src/compiler/GF/Infra/Option.hs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ module GF.Infra.Option
      Flags(..), 
      Mode(..), Phase(..), Verbosity(..), Encoding(..), OutputFormat(..), 
      SISRFormat(..), Optimization(..), CFGTransform(..), HaskellOption(..),
-     Dump(..), Printer(..), Recomp(..), BuildParser(..),
+     Dump(..), Printer(..), Recomp(..),
      -- * Option parsing 
      parseOptions, parseModuleOptions, fixRelativeLibPaths,
      -- * Option pretty-printing
@@ -81,7 +81,6 @@ data Encoding = UTF_8 | ISO_8859_1 | CP_1250 | CP_1251 | CP_1252
   deriving (Eq,Ord)
 
 data OutputFormat = FmtPGFPretty
-                  | FmtPMCFGPretty
                   | FmtJavaScript 
                   | FmtHaskell 
                   | FmtProlog
@@ -137,9 +136,6 @@ data Printer = PrinterStrip -- ^ Remove name qualifiers.
 data Recomp = AlwaysRecomp | RecompIfNewer | NeverRecomp
   deriving (Show,Eq,Ord)
 
-data BuildParser = BuildParser | DontBuildParser | BuildParserOnDemand
-  deriving (Show,Eq,Ord)
-
 data Flags = Flags {
       optMode            :: Mode,
       optStopAfterPhase  :: Phase,
@@ -172,7 +168,6 @@ data Flags = Flags {
       optSpeechLanguage  :: Maybe String,
       optLexer           :: Maybe String,
       optUnlexer         :: Maybe String,
-      optBuildParser     :: BuildParser,
       optWarnings        :: [Warning],
       optDump            :: [Dump]
     }
@@ -218,7 +213,6 @@ optionsPGF :: Options -> [(String,String)]
 optionsPGF opts = 
          maybe [] (\x -> [("language",x)]) (flag optSpeechLanguage opts)
       ++ maybe [] (\x -> [("startcat",x)]) (flag optStartCat opts)
-      ++ (if flag optBuildParser opts == BuildParserOnDemand then [("parser","ondemand")] else [])
 
 -- Option manipulation
 
@@ -274,7 +268,6 @@ defaultFlags = Flags {
       optSpeechLanguage  = Nothing,
       optLexer           = Nothing,
       optUnlexer         = Nothing,
-      optBuildParser     = BuildParser,
       optWarnings        = [],
       optDump            = []
     }
@@ -351,7 +344,6 @@ optDescr =
      Option [] ["coding"] (ReqArg coding "ENCODING") 
                 ("Character encoding of the source grammar, ENCODING = "
                  ++ concat (intersperse " | " (map fst encodings)) ++ "."),
-     Option [] ["parser"] (ReqArg buildParser "VALUE") "Build parser (default on). VALUE = on | off | ondemand",
      Option [] ["startcat"] (ReqArg startcat "CAT") "Grammar start category.",
      Option [] ["language"] (ReqArg language "LANG") "Set the speech language flag to LANG in the generated grammar.",
      Option [] ["lexer"] (ReqArg lexer "LEXER") "Use lexer LEXER.",
@@ -410,11 +402,6 @@ optDescr =
        coding      x = case lookup x encodings of
                          Just c  -> set $ \o -> o { optEncoding = c }
                          Nothing -> fail $ "Unknown character encoding: " ++ x
-       buildParser x = do v <- case x of
-                                 "on"       -> return BuildParser
-                                 "off"      -> return DontBuildParser
-                                 "ondemand" -> return BuildParserOnDemand
-                          set $ \o -> o { optBuildParser = v }
        startcat    x = set $ \o -> o { optStartCat = Just x }
        language    x = set $ \o -> o { optSpeechLanguage = Just x }
        lexer       x = set $ \o -> o { optLexer = Just x }
@@ -441,7 +428,6 @@ optDescr =
 outputFormats :: [(String,OutputFormat)]
 outputFormats = 
     [("pgf_pretty",   FmtPGFPretty),
-     ("pmcfg_pretty", FmtPMCFGPretty),
      ("js",           FmtJavaScript),
      ("haskell",      FmtHaskell),
      ("prolog",       FmtProlog),
diff --git a/src/compiler/GF/Speech/PGFToCFG.hs b/src/compiler/GF/Speech/PGFToCFG.hs
index 4ac430704..4332e21b8 100644
--- a/src/compiler/GF/Speech/PGFToCFG.hs
+++ b/src/compiler/GF/Speech/PGFToCFG.hs
@@ -34,15 +34,15 @@ pgfToCFG :: PGF
           -> CFG
 pgfToCFG pgf lang = mkCFG (showCId (lookStartCat pgf)) extCats (startRules ++ concatMap fruleToCFRule rules)
   where
-    pinfo = fromMaybe (error "pgfToCFG: No parser.") (lookParser pgf lang)
+    cnc = lookConcr pgf lang
 
     rules :: [(FCat,Production)]
-    rules = [(fcat,prod) | (fcat,set) <- IntMap.toList (PGF.pproductions pinfo)
+    rules = [(fcat,prod) | (fcat,set) <- IntMap.toList (PGF.pproductions cnc)
                          , prod <- Set.toList set]
 
     fcatCats :: Map FCat Cat
     fcatCats = Map.fromList [(fc, showCId c ++ "_" ++ show i) 
-                                 | (c,(s,e,lbls)) <- Map.toList (startCats pinfo), 
+                                 | (c,(s,e,lbls)) <- Map.toList (startCats cnc), 
                                    (fc,i) <- zip (range (s,e)) [1..]]
 
     fcatCat :: FCat -> Cat
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ pgfToCFG pgf lang = mkCFG (showCId (lookStartCat pgf)) extCats (startRules ++ co
 
     topdownRules cat = f cat []
       where
-        f cat rules = maybe rules (Set.fold g rules) (IntMap.lookup cat (pproductions pinfo))
+        f cat rules = maybe rules (Set.fold g rules) (IntMap.lookup cat (pproductions cnc))
 	 
-        g (FApply funid args) rules = (functions pinfo ! funid,args) : rules
+        g (FApply funid args) rules = (functions cnc ! funid,args) : rules
         g (FCoerce cat)       rules = f cat rules
 
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pgfToCFG pgf lang = mkCFG (showCId (lookStartCat pgf)) extCats (startRules ++ co
 
     startRules :: [CFRule]
     startRules = [CFRule (showCId c) [NonTerminal (fcatToCat fc r)] (CFRes 0) 
-                      | (c,(s,e,lbls)) <- Map.toList (startCats pinfo), 
+                      | (c,(s,e,lbls)) <- Map.toList (startCats cnc), 
                         fc <- range (s,e), not (isLiteralFCat fc),
                         r <- [0..catLinArity fc-1]]
 
@@ -77,10 +77,10 @@ pgfToCFG pgf lang = mkCFG (showCId (lookStartCat pgf)) extCats (startRules ++ co
     fruleToCFRule (c,FApply funid args) = 
         [CFRule (fcatToCat c l) (mkRhs row) (profilesToTerm [fixProfile row n | n <- [0..length args-1]])
            | (l,seqid) <- Array.assocs rhs
-           , let row = sequences pinfo ! seqid
+           , let row = sequences cnc ! seqid
            , not (containsLiterals row)]
       where
-        FFun f rhs = functions pinfo ! funid
+        FFun f rhs = functions cnc ! funid
 
         mkRhs :: Array FPointPos FSymbol -> [CFSymbol]
         mkRhs = concatMap fsymbolToSymbol . Array.elems
diff --git a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF.hs b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF.hs
index 14e157bb6..85b661c3d 100644
--- a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF.hs
+++ b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF.hs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ module PGF(
            showPrintName,
 
            -- ** Parsing
-           parse, parseWithRecovery, canParse, parseAllLang, parseAll,
+           parse, parseWithRecovery, parseAllLang, parseAll,
 
            -- ** Evaluation
            PGF.compute, paraphrase,
@@ -106,9 +106,7 @@ import PGF.Morphology
 import PGF.Data hiding (functions)
 import PGF.Binary
 import qualified PGF.Parse as Parse
-import qualified GF.Compile.GeneratePMCFG as PMCFG
 
-import GF.Infra.Option
 import GF.Data.Utilities (replace)
 
 import Data.Char
@@ -144,9 +142,6 @@ parse        :: PGF -> Language -> Type -> String -> [Tree]
 
 parseWithRecovery :: PGF -> Language -> Type -> [Type] -> String -> [Tree]
 
--- | Checks whether the given language can be used for parsing.
-canParse     :: PGF -> Language -> Bool
-
 -- | The same as 'linearizeAllLang' but does not return
 -- the language.
 linearizeAll     :: PGF -> Tree -> [String]
@@ -228,31 +223,17 @@ complete :: PGF -> Language -> Type -> String
 -- Implementation
 ---------------------------------------------------
 
-readPGF f = decodeFile f >>= addParsers
-
--- Adds parsers for all concretes that don't have a parser and that have parser=ondemand.
-addParsers :: PGF -> IO PGF
-addParsers pgf = do cncs <- sequence [if wantsParser cnc then addParser lang cnc else return (lang,cnc)
-                                           | (lang,cnc) <- Map.toList (concretes pgf)]
-                    return pgf { concretes = Map.fromList cncs }
-    where
-      wantsParser cnc = isNothing (parser cnc) && Map.lookup (mkCId "parser") (cflags cnc) == Just "ondemand"
-      addParser lang cnc = do pinfo <- PMCFG.convertConcrete noOptions (abstract pgf) lang cnc
-                              return (lang,cnc { parser = Just pinfo })
+readPGF f = decodeFile f
 
 linearize pgf lang = concat . take 1 . PGF.Linearize.linearizes pgf lang
 
 parse pgf lang typ s = 
   case Map.lookup lang (concretes pgf) of
-    Just cnc -> case parser cnc of
-                  Just pinfo -> Parse.parse pgf lang typ (words s)
-                  Nothing    -> error ("No parser built for language: " ++ showCId lang)
+    Just cnc -> Parse.parse pgf lang typ (words s)
     Nothing  -> error ("Unknown language: " ++ showCId lang)
 
 parseWithRecovery pgf lang typ open_typs s = Parse.parseWithRecovery pgf lang typ open_typs (words s)
 
-canParse pgf cnc = isJust (lookParser pgf cnc)
-
 linearizeAll mgr = map snd . linearizeAllLang mgr
 linearizeAllLang mgr t = 
   [(lang,PGF.linearize mgr lang t) | lang <- languages mgr]
@@ -260,7 +241,7 @@ linearizeAllLang mgr t =
 parseAll mgr typ = map snd . parseAllLang mgr typ
 
 parseAllLang mgr typ s = 
-  [(lang,ts) | lang <- languages mgr, canParse mgr lang, let ts = parse mgr lang typ s, not (null ts)]
+  [(lang,ts) | lang <- languages mgr, let ts = parse mgr lang typ s, not (null ts)]
 
 generateRandom pgf cat = do
   gen <- newStdGen
diff --git a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Binary.hs b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Binary.hs
index a9a6a78dc..66caef1da 100644
--- a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Binary.hs
+++ b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Binary.hs
@@ -51,24 +51,24 @@ instance Binary Abstr where
                         })
   
 instance Binary Concr where
-  put cnc = put ( cflags cnc, lins cnc, opers cnc
-                , lincats cnc, lindefs cnc
-                , printnames cnc, paramlincats cnc
-                , parser cnc
+  put cnc = put ( cflags cnc, printnames cnc
+                , functions cnc, sequences cnc
+                , productions cnc
+                , totalCats cnc, startCats cnc
                 )
-  get = do cflags <- get
-           lins <- get
-           opers <- get
-           lincats <- get
-           lindefs <- get
-           printnames <- get
-           paramlincats <- get
-           parser <- get
-           return (Concr{ cflags=cflags, lins=lins, opers=opers
-                        , lincats=lincats, lindefs=lindefs
-                        , printnames=printnames
-                        , paramlincats=paramlincats
-                        , parser=parser
+  get = do cflags      <- get
+           printnames  <- get
+           functions   <- get
+           sequences   <- get
+           productions <- get
+           totalCats   <- get
+           startCats   <- get
+           return (Concr{ cflags=cflags, printnames=printnames
+                        , functions=functions,sequences=sequences
+                        , productions = productions
+                        , pproductions = IntMap.empty
+                        , lproductions = Map.empty
+                        , totalCats=totalCats,startCats=startCats
                         })
 
 instance Binary Alternative where
@@ -186,17 +186,4 @@ instance Binary Production where
              1 -> liftM  FCoerce get
              _ -> decodingError
 
-instance Binary ParserInfo where
-  put p = put (functions p, sequences p, productions p, totalCats p, startCats p)
-  get = do functions   <- get
-           sequences   <- get
-           productions <- get
-           totalCats   <- get
-           startCats   <- get
-           return (ParserInfo{functions=functions,sequences=sequences
-                             ,productions = productions
-                             ,pproductions = IntMap.empty
-                             ,lproductions = Map.empty
-                             ,totalCats=totalCats,startCats=startCats})
-
 decodingError = fail "This PGF file was compiled with different version of GF"
diff --git a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Check.hs b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Check.hs
index 58b66cfe4..6ac8c9b20 100644
--- a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Check.hs
+++ b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Check.hs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-module PGF.Check (checkPGF) where
+module PGF.Check (checkPGF,checkLin) where
 
 import PGF.CId
 import PGF.Data
@@ -7,14 +7,15 @@ import GF.Data.ErrM
 
 import qualified Data.Map as Map
 import Control.Monad
+import Data.Maybe(fromMaybe)
 import Debug.Trace
 
 checkPGF :: PGF -> Err (PGF,Bool)
-checkPGF pgf = do
+checkPGF pgf = return (pgf,True) {- do
   (cs,bs) <- mapM (checkConcrete pgf) 
                (Map.assocs (concretes pgf)) >>= return . unzip
   return (pgf {concretes = Map.fromAscList cs}, and bs)
-
+-}
 
 -- errors are non-fatal; replace with 'fail' to change this
 msg s = trace s (return ())
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ labelBoolErr ms iob = do
   (x,b) <- iob
   if b then return (x,b) else (msg ms >> return (x,b))
 
-
+{-
 checkConcrete :: PGF -> (CId,Concr) -> Err ((CId,Concr),Bool)
 checkConcrete pgf (lang,cnc) = 
   labelBoolErr ("happened in language " ++ showCId lang) $ do
@@ -35,8 +36,11 @@ checkConcrete pgf (lang,cnc) =
     return ((lang,cnc{lins = Map.fromAscList rs}),and bs)
  where
    checkl = checkLin pgf lang
+-}
 
-checkLin :: PGF -> CId -> (CId,Term) -> Err ((CId,Term),Bool)
+type PGFSig = (Map.Map CId (Type,Int,[Equation]),Map.Map CId Term,Map.Map CId Term)
+
+checkLin :: PGFSig -> CId -> (CId,Term) -> Err ((CId,Term),Bool)
 checkLin pgf lang (f,t) = 
   labelBoolErr ("happened in function " ++ showCId f) $ do
     (t',b) <- checkTerm (lintype pgf lang f) t --- $ inline pgf lang t
@@ -124,8 +128,8 @@ ints = C
 str :: CType
 str = S []
 
-lintype :: PGF -> CId -> CId -> LinType
-lintype pgf lang fun = case typeSkeleton (lookType pgf fun) of
+lintype :: PGFSig -> CId -> CId -> LinType
+lintype pgf lang fun = case typeSkeleton (lookFun pgf fun) of
   (cs,c) -> (map vlinc cs, linc c) ---- HOAS
  where 
    linc = lookLincat pgf lang
@@ -133,7 +137,7 @@ lintype pgf lang fun = case typeSkeleton (lookType pgf fun) of
    vlinc (i,c) = case linc c of
      R ts -> R (ts ++ replicate i str)
 
-inline :: PGF -> CId -> Term -> Term
+inline :: PGFSig -> CId -> Term -> Term
 inline pgf lang t = case t of
   F c -> inl $ look c
   _ -> composSafeOp inl t
@@ -171,3 +175,7 @@ err :: (String -> b) -> (a -> b) -> Err a -> b
 err d f e = case e of
   Ok a -> f a
   Bad s -> d s
+
+lookFun    (abs,lin,lincats)   f = (\(a,b,c) -> a) $ fromMaybe (error "No abs") (Map.lookup f abs)
+lookLincat (abs,lin,lincats) _ c = fromMaybe (error "No lincat") (Map.lookup c lincats)
+lookLin    (abs,lin,lincats) _ f = fromMaybe (error "No lin") (Map.lookup f lin)
diff --git a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Data.hs b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Data.hs
index dcdf38dcb..7b3f3435f 100644
--- a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Data.hs
+++ b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Data.hs
@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
-module PGF.Data (module PGF.Data, module PGF.Expr, module PGF.Type, module PGF.PMCFG) where
+module PGF.Data (module PGF.Data, module PGF.Expr, module PGF.Type) where
 
 import PGF.CId
 import PGF.Expr hiding (Value, Env, Tree)
 import PGF.Type
-import PGF.PMCFG
 
 import qualified Data.Map as Map
 import qualified Data.Set as Set
 import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap
+import Data.Array.IArray
+import Data.Array.Unboxed
 import Data.List
 
+
 -- internal datatypes for PGF
 
 -- | An abstract data type representing multilingual grammar
@@ -30,16 +32,40 @@ data Abstr = Abstr {
   }
 
 data Concr = Concr {
-  cflags  :: Map.Map CId String,    -- value of a flag
-  lins    :: Map.Map CId Term,      -- lin of a fun
-  opers   :: Map.Map CId Term,      -- oper generated by subex elim
-  lincats :: Map.Map CId Term,      -- lin type of a cat
-  lindefs :: Map.Map CId Term,      -- lin default of a cat
-  printnames :: Map.Map CId String, -- printname of a cat or a fun
-  paramlincats :: Map.Map CId Term, -- lin type of cat, with printable param names
-  parser  :: Maybe ParserInfo       -- parser
+  cflags       :: Map.Map CId String,                                -- value of a flag
+  printnames   :: Map.Map CId String,                                -- printname of a cat or a fun
+  functions    :: Array FunId FFun,
+  sequences    :: Array SeqId FSeq,
+  productions  :: IntMap.IntMap (Set.Set Production),                -- the original productions loaded from the PGF file
+  pproductions :: IntMap.IntMap (Set.Set Production),                -- productions needed for parsing
+  lproductions :: Map.Map CId (IntMap.IntMap (Set.Set Production)),  -- productions needed for linearization
+  startCats    :: Map.Map CId (FCat,FCat,Array FIndex String),       -- for every category - start/end FCat and a list of label names
+  totalCats    :: {-# UNPACK #-} !FCat
   }
 
+type FCat      = Int
+type FIndex    = Int
+type FPointPos = Int
+data FSymbol
+  = FSymCat {-# UNPACK #-} !Int {-# UNPACK #-} !FIndex
+  | FSymLit {-# UNPACK #-} !Int {-# UNPACK #-} !FIndex
+  | FSymKS [String]
+  | FSymKP [String] [Alternative]
+  deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
+data Production
+  = FApply  {-# UNPACK #-} !FunId [FCat]
+  | FCoerce {-# UNPACK #-} !FCat
+  | FConst  Expr [String]
+  deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
+data FFun  = FFun CId {-# UNPACK #-} !(UArray FIndex SeqId) deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
+type FSeq  = Array FPointPos FSymbol
+type FunId = Int
+type SeqId = Int
+
+data Alternative =
+   Alt [String] [String]
+  deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
+
 data Term =
    R [Term]
  | P Term Term
@@ -59,7 +85,7 @@ data Tokn =
   deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
 
 
--- merge two GFCCs; fails is differens absnames; priority to second arg
+-- merge two PGFs; fails is differens absnames; priority to second arg
 
 unionPGF :: PGF -> PGF -> PGF
 unionPGF one two = case absname one of
@@ -93,3 +119,12 @@ readLanguage = readCId
 
 showLanguage :: Language -> String
 showLanguage = showCId
+
+fcatString, fcatInt, fcatFloat, fcatVar :: Int
+fcatString = (-1)
+fcatInt    = (-2)
+fcatFloat  = (-3)
+fcatVar    = (-4)
+
+isLiteralFCat :: FCat -> Bool
+isLiteralFCat = (`elem` [fcatString, fcatInt, fcatFloat, fcatVar])
diff --git a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Linearize.hs b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Linearize.hs
index 9058cba61..3d6624e28 100644
--- a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Linearize.hs
+++ b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Linearize.hs
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ module PGF.Linearize(linearizes,markLinearizes,tabularLinearizes) where
 import PGF.CId
 import PGF.Data
 import PGF.Macros
-import Data.Maybe (fromJust)
 import Data.Array.IArray
 import Data.List
 import Control.Monad
@@ -22,8 +21,7 @@ linTree :: PGF -> Language -> (Maybe CId -> [Int] -> LinTable -> LinTable) -> Ex
 linTree pgf lang mark e = lin0 [] [] [] Nothing e
   where
     cnc   = lookMap (error "no lang") lang (concretes pgf)
-    pinfo = fromJust (parser cnc)
-    lp    = lproductions pinfo
+    lp    = lproductions cnc
 
     lin0 path xs ys mb_fid (EAbs _ x e)  = lin0 path (showCId x:xs) ys mb_fid e
     lin0 path xs ys mb_fid (ETyped e _)  = lin0 path xs ys mb_fid e
@@ -50,7 +48,7 @@ linTree pgf lang mark e = lin0 [] [] [] Nothing e
                                        case prod of
                                          FApply funid fids -> do guard (length fids == length es)
                                                                  args <- sequence (zipWith3 (\i fid e -> lin0 (sub i path) [] xs (Just fid) e) [0..] fids es)
-                                                                 let (FFun _ lins) = functions pinfo ! funid
+                                                                 let (FFun _ lins) = functions cnc ! funid
                                                                  return (listArray (bounds lins) [computeSeq seqid args | seqid <- elems lins])
                                          FCoerce fid       -> apply path xs (Just fid) f es
                         Nothing  -> mzero
@@ -70,7 +68,7 @@ linTree pgf lang mark e = lin0 [] [] [] Nothing e
 
         computeSeq seqid args = concatMap compute (elems seq)
           where
-            seq = sequences pinfo ! seqid
+            seq = sequences cnc ! seqid
 
             compute (FSymCat d r)    = (args !! d) ! r
             compute (FSymLit d r)    = (args !! d) ! r
@@ -94,7 +92,7 @@ tabularLinearizes pgf lang e = map (zip lbls . map (unwords . untokn) . elems) (
   where
     lbls = case unApp e of
              Just (f,_) -> let cat = valCat (lookType pgf f)
-                           in case parser (lookConcr pgf lang) >>= Map.lookup cat . startCats of
+                           in case Map.lookup cat (startCats (lookConcr pgf lang)) of
                                 Just (_,_,lbls) -> elems lbls
                                 Nothing         -> error "No labels"
              Nothing    -> error "Not function application"
diff --git a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Macros.hs b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Macros.hs
index bf6252f2a..de6436425 100644
--- a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Macros.hs
+++ b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Macros.hs
@@ -17,22 +17,6 @@ import GF.Data.Utilities(sortNub)
 mapConcretes :: (Concr -> Concr) -> PGF -> PGF
 mapConcretes f pgf = pgf { concretes = Map.map f (concretes pgf) }
 
-lookLin :: PGF -> CId -> CId -> Term
-lookLin pgf lang fun = 
-  lookMap tm0 fun $ lins $ lookMap (error "no lang") lang $ concretes pgf
-
-lookOper :: PGF -> CId -> CId -> Term
-lookOper pgf lang fun = 
-  lookMap tm0 fun $ opers $ lookMap (error "no lang") lang $ concretes pgf
-
-lookLincat :: PGF -> CId -> CId -> Term
-lookLincat pgf lang fun = 
-  lookMap tm0 fun $ lincats $ lookMap (error "no lang") lang $ concretes pgf
-
-lookParamLincat :: PGF -> CId -> CId -> Term
-lookParamLincat pgf lang fun = 
-  lookMap tm0 fun $ paramlincats $ lookMap (error "no lang") lang $ concretes pgf
-
 lookType :: PGF -> CId -> Type
 lookType pgf f = 
   case lookMap (error $ "lookType " ++ show f) f (funs (abstract pgf)) of
@@ -52,9 +36,6 @@ isData pgf f =
 lookValCat :: PGF -> CId -> CId
 lookValCat pgf = valCat . lookType pgf
 
-lookParser :: PGF -> CId -> Maybe ParserInfo
-lookParser pgf lang = Map.lookup lang (concretes pgf) >>= parser
-
 lookStartCat :: PGF -> CId
 lookStartCat pgf = mkCId $ fromMaybe "S" $ msum $ Data.List.map (Map.lookup (mkCId "startcat"))
                                                         [gflags pgf, aflags (abstract pgf)]
@@ -86,7 +67,7 @@ missingLins pgf lang = [c | c <- fs, not (hasl c)] where
   hasl = hasLin pgf lang
 
 hasLin :: PGF -> CId -> CId -> Bool
-hasLin pgf lang f = Map.member f $ lins $ lookConcr pgf lang
+hasLin pgf lang f = Map.member f $ lproductions $ lookConcr pgf lang
 
 restrictPGF :: (CId -> Bool) -> PGF -> PGF
 restrictPGF cond pgf = pgf {
@@ -164,13 +145,11 @@ updateProductionIndices :: PGF -> PGF
 updateProductionIndices pgf = pgf{concretes = fmap updateConcrete (concretes pgf)}
   where
     updateConcrete cnc = 
-      case parser cnc of
-        Nothing    -> cnc
-        Just pinfo -> let prods0    = filterProductions (productions pinfo)
-                          p_prods   = parseIndex pinfo prods0
-                          l_prods   = linIndex   pinfo prods0
-                      in cnc{parser = Just pinfo{pproductions = p_prods, lproductions = l_prods}}
-    
+      let prods0    = filterProductions (productions cnc)
+          p_prods   = parseIndex cnc prods0
+          l_prods   = linIndex   cnc prods0
+      in cnc{pproductions = p_prods, lproductions = l_prods}
+
     filterProductions prods0
       | IntMap.size prods == IntMap.size prods0 = prods
       | otherwise                               = filterProductions prods
diff --git a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Morphology.hs b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Morphology.hs
index be786ebbb..c77aa1735 100644
--- a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Morphology.hs
+++ b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Morphology.hs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ newtype Morpho = Morpho (Map.Map String [(Lemma,Analysis)])
 
 buildMorpho :: PGF -> Language -> Morpho
 buildMorpho pgf lang = Morpho $
-  case Map.lookup lang (concretes pgf) >>= parser of
+  case Map.lookup lang (concretes pgf) of
     Just pinfo -> collectWords pinfo
     Nothing    -> Map.empty
 
diff --git a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/PMCFG.hs b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/PMCFG.hs
deleted file mode 100644
index 0ef0e3295..000000000
--- a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/PMCFG.hs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-module PGF.PMCFG where
-
-import PGF.CId
-import PGF.Expr
-
-import qualified Data.Map as Map
-import qualified Data.Set as Set
-import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap
-import Data.Array.IArray
-import Data.Array.Unboxed
-import Text.PrettyPrint
-
-type FCat      = Int
-type FIndex    = Int
-type FPointPos = Int
-data FSymbol
-  = FSymCat {-# UNPACK #-} !Int {-# UNPACK #-} !FIndex
-  | FSymLit {-# UNPACK #-} !Int {-# UNPACK #-} !FIndex
-  | FSymKS [String]
-  | FSymKP [String] [Alternative]
-  deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
-data Production
-  = FApply  {-# UNPACK #-} !FunId [FCat]
-  | FCoerce {-# UNPACK #-} !FCat
-  | FConst  Expr [String]
-  deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
-data FFun  = FFun CId {-# UNPACK #-} !(UArray FIndex SeqId) deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
-type FSeq  = Array FPointPos FSymbol
-type FunId = Int
-type SeqId = Int
-
-data Alternative =
-   Alt [String] [String]
-  deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
-
-data ParserInfo
-    = ParserInfo { functions    :: Array FunId FFun
-                 , sequences    :: Array SeqId FSeq
-                 , productions  :: IntMap.IntMap (Set.Set Production)                 -- the original productions loaded from the PGF file
-                 , pproductions :: IntMap.IntMap (Set.Set Production)                 -- productions needed for parsing
-                 , lproductions :: Map.Map CId (IntMap.IntMap (Set.Set Production))   -- productions needed for linearization
-                 , startCats    :: Map.Map CId (FCat,FCat,Array FIndex String)        -- for every category - start/end FCat and a list of label names
-                 , totalCats    :: {-# UNPACK #-} !FCat
-                 }
-
-
-fcatString, fcatInt, fcatFloat, fcatVar :: Int
-fcatString = (-1)
-fcatInt    = (-2)
-fcatFloat  = (-3)
-fcatVar    = (-4)
-
-isLiteralFCat :: FCat -> Bool
-isLiteralFCat = (`elem` [fcatString, fcatInt, fcatFloat, fcatVar])
-
-ppPMCFG :: ParserInfo -> Doc
-ppPMCFG pinfo =
-  text "productions" $$
-  nest 2 (vcat [ppProduction (fcat,prod) | (fcat,set) <- IntMap.toList (productions pinfo), prod <- Set.toList set]) $$
-  text "functions" $$
-  nest 2 (vcat (map ppFun (assocs (functions pinfo)))) $$
-  text "sequences" $$
-  nest 2 (vcat (map ppSeq (assocs (sequences pinfo)))) $$
-  text "startcats" $$
-  nest 2 (vcat (map ppStartCat (Map.toList (startCats pinfo))))
-
-ppProduction (fcat,FApply funid args) =
-  ppFCat fcat <+> text "->" <+> ppFunId funid <> brackets (hcat (punctuate comma (map ppFCat args)))
-ppProduction (fcat,FCoerce arg) =
-  ppFCat fcat <+> text "->" <+> char '_' <> brackets (ppFCat arg)
-ppProduction (fcat,FConst _ ss) =
-  ppFCat fcat <+> text "->" <+> ppStrs ss
-
-ppFun (funid,FFun fun arr) =
-  ppFunId funid <+> text ":=" <+> parens (hcat (punctuate comma (map ppSeqId (elems arr)))) <+> brackets (ppCId fun)
-
-ppSeq (seqid,seq) = 
-  ppSeqId seqid <+> text ":=" <+> hsep (map ppSymbol (elems seq))
-
-ppStartCat (id,(start,end,labels)) =
-  ppCId id <+> text ":=" <+> (text "range " <+> brackets (ppFCat start <+> text ".." <+> ppFCat end) $$
-                              text "labels" <+> brackets (vcat (map (text . show) (elems labels))))
-
-ppSymbol (FSymCat d r) = char '<' <> int d <> comma <> int r <> char '>'
-ppSymbol (FSymLit d r) = char '<' <> int d <> comma <> int r <> char '>'
-ppSymbol (FSymKS ts)   = ppStrs ts
-ppSymbol (FSymKP ts alts) = text "pre" <+> braces (hsep (punctuate semi (ppStrs ts : map ppAlt alts)))
-
-ppAlt (Alt ts ps) = ppStrs ts <+> char '/' <+> hsep (map (doubleQuotes . text) ps)
-
-ppStrs ss = doubleQuotes (hsep (map text ss))
-
-ppFCat  fcat
-  | fcat == fcatString = text "CString"
-  | fcat == fcatInt    = text "CInt"
-  | fcat == fcatFloat  = text "CFloat"
-  | fcat == fcatVar    = text "CVar"
-  | otherwise          = char 'C' <> int fcat
-
-ppFunId funid = char 'F' <> int funid
-ppSeqId seqid = char 'S' <> int seqid
diff --git a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Parse.hs b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Parse.hs
index 5a4ccc719..e02ccd9ca 100644
--- a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Parse.hs
+++ b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Parse.hs
@@ -56,23 +56,20 @@ parseWithRecovery pgf lang typ open_typs toks = accept (initState pgf lang typ)
 -- startup category.
 initState :: PGF -> Language -> Type -> ParseState
 initState pgf lang (DTyp _ start _) = 
-  let items = case Map.lookup start (startCats pinfo) of
+  let items = case Map.lookup start (startCats cnc) of
                 Just (s,e,labels) -> do cat <- range (s,e)
                                         (funid,args) <- foldForest (\funid args -> (:) (funid,args)) (\_ _ args -> args)
-                                                                   [] cat (pproductions pinfo)
-                                        let FFun fn lins = functions pinfo ! funid
+                                                                   [] cat (pproductions cnc)
+                                        let FFun fn lins = functions cnc ! funid
                                         (lbl,seqid) <- assocs lins
                                         return (Active 0 0 funid seqid args (AK cat lbl))
                 Nothing           -> mzero
 
-      pinfo =
-        case lookParser pgf lang of
-          Just pinfo -> pinfo
-          _          -> error ("Unknown language: " ++ showCId lang)
+      cnc = lookConcr pgf lang
 
   in PState pgf
-            pinfo
-            (Chart emptyAC [] emptyPC (pproductions pinfo) (totalCats pinfo) 0)
+            cnc
+            (Chart emptyAC [] emptyPC (pproductions cnc) (totalCats cnc) 0)
             (TMap.singleton [] (Set.fromList items))
 
 -- | From the current state and the next token
@@ -81,19 +78,19 @@ initState pgf lang (DTyp _ start _) =
 -- If the new token cannot be accepted then an error state 
 -- is returned.
 nextState :: ParseState -> String -> Either ErrorState ParseState
-nextState (PState pgf pinfo chart items) t =
+nextState (PState pgf cnc chart items) t =
   let (mb_agenda,map_items) = TMap.decompose items
       agenda = maybe [] Set.toList mb_agenda
       acc    = fromMaybe TMap.empty (Map.lookup t map_items)
-      (acc1,chart1) = process (Just t) add (sequences pinfo) (functions pinfo) agenda acc chart
+      (acc1,chart1) = process (Just t) add (sequences cnc) (functions cnc) agenda acc chart
       chart2 = chart1{ active =emptyAC
                      , actives=active chart1 : actives chart1
                      , passive=emptyPC
                      , offset =offset chart1+1
                      }
   in if TMap.null acc1
-       then Left  (EState pgf pinfo chart2)
-       else Right (PState pgf pinfo chart2 acc1)
+       then Left  (EState pgf cnc chart2)
+       else Right (PState pgf cnc chart2 acc1)
   where
     add (tok:toks) item acc
       | tok == t            = TMap.insertWith Set.union toks (Set.singleton item) acc
@@ -104,35 +101,35 @@ nextState (PState pgf pinfo chart items) t =
 -- next words and the consequent states. This is used for word completions in
 -- the GF interpreter.
 getCompletions :: ParseState -> String -> Map.Map String ParseState
-getCompletions (PState pgf pinfo chart items) w =
+getCompletions (PState pgf cnc chart items) w =
   let (mb_agenda,map_items) = TMap.decompose items
       agenda = maybe [] Set.toList mb_agenda
       acc    = Map.filterWithKey (\tok _ -> isPrefixOf w tok) map_items
-      (acc',chart1) = process Nothing add (sequences pinfo) (functions pinfo) agenda acc chart
+      (acc',chart1) = process Nothing add (sequences cnc) (functions cnc) agenda acc chart
       chart2 = chart1{ active =emptyAC
                      , actives=active chart1 : actives chart1
                      , passive=emptyPC
                      , offset =offset chart1+1
                      }
-  in fmap (PState pgf pinfo chart2) acc'
+  in fmap (PState pgf cnc chart2) acc'
   where
     add (tok:toks) item acc
       | isPrefixOf w tok    = Map.insertWith (TMap.unionWith Set.union) tok (TMap.singleton toks (Set.singleton item)) acc
     add _          item acc = acc
 
 recoveryStates :: [Type] -> ErrorState -> (ParseState, Map.Map String ParseState)
-recoveryStates open_types (EState pgf pinfo chart) =
+recoveryStates open_types (EState pgf cnc chart) =
   let open_fcats = concatMap type2fcats open_types
       agenda = foldl (complete open_fcats) [] (actives chart)
-      (acc,chart1) = process Nothing add (sequences pinfo) (functions pinfo) agenda Map.empty chart
+      (acc,chart1) = process Nothing add (sequences cnc) (functions cnc) agenda Map.empty chart
       chart2 = chart1{ active =emptyAC
                      , actives=active chart1 : actives chart1
                      , passive=emptyPC
                      , offset =offset chart1+1
                      }
-  in (PState pgf pinfo chart (TMap.singleton [] (Set.fromList agenda)), fmap (PState pgf pinfo chart2) acc)
+  in (PState pgf cnc chart (TMap.singleton [] (Set.fromList agenda)), fmap (PState pgf cnc chart2) acc)
   where
-    type2fcats (DTyp _ cat _) = case Map.lookup cat (startCats pinfo) of
+    type2fcats (DTyp _ cat _) = case Map.lookup cat (startCats cnc) of
                                   Just (s,e,labels) -> range (s,e)
                                   Nothing           -> []
 
@@ -149,15 +146,15 @@ recoveryStates open_types (EState pgf pinfo chart) =
 -- limited by the category specified, which is usually
 -- the same as the startup category.
 extractTrees :: ParseState -> Type -> [Tree]
-extractTrees (PState pgf pinfo chart items) ty@(DTyp _ start _) = 
+extractTrees (PState pgf cnc chart items) ty@(DTyp _ start _) = 
   nubsort [e1 | e <- exps, Right e1 <- [checkExpr pgf e ty]]
   where
     (mb_agenda,acc) = TMap.decompose items
     agenda = maybe [] Set.toList mb_agenda
-    (_,st) = process Nothing (\_ _ -> id) (sequences pinfo) (functions pinfo) agenda () chart
+    (_,st) = process Nothing (\_ _ -> id) (sequences cnc) (functions cnc) agenda () chart
 
     exps = 
-      case Map.lookup start (startCats pinfo) of
+      case Map.lookup start (startCats cnc) of
         Just (s,e,lbls) -> do cat <- range (s,e)
                               lbl <- indices lbls
                               Just fid <- [lookupPC (PK cat lbl 0) (passive st)]
@@ -167,10 +164,10 @@ extractTrees (PState pgf pinfo chart items) ty@(DTyp _ start _) =
         Nothing         -> mzero
 
     go rec fcat' (d,fcat)
-      | fcat < totalCats pinfo = return (Set.empty,EMeta (fcat'*10+d))   -- FIXME: here we assume that every rule has at most 10 arguments
+      | fcat < totalCats cnc = return (Set.empty,EMeta (fcat'*10+d))   -- FIXME: here we assume that every rule has at most 10 arguments
       | Set.member fcat rec    = mzero
       | otherwise              = foldForest (\funid args trees -> 
-                                                  do let FFun fn lins = functions pinfo ! funid
+                                                  do let FFun fn lins = functions cnc ! funid
                                                      args <- mapM (go (Set.insert fcat rec) fcat) (zip [0..] args)
                                                      check_ho_fun fn args
                                                   `mplus`
@@ -348,7 +345,7 @@ foldForest f g b fcat forest =
 
 -- | An abstract data type whose values represent
 -- the current state in an incremental parser.
-data ParseState = PState PGF ParserInfo Chart (TMap.TrieMap String (Set.Set Active))
+data ParseState = PState PGF Concr Chart (TMap.TrieMap String (Set.Set Active))
 
 data Chart
   = Chart
@@ -367,4 +364,4 @@ data Chart
 
 -- | An abstract data type whose values represent
 -- the state in an incremental parser after an error.
-data ErrorState = EState PGF ParserInfo Chart
+data ErrorState = EState PGF Concr Chart
diff --git a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Printer.hs b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Printer.hs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f92dd8e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Printer.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+module PGF.Printer (ppPGF,ppCat,ppFun) where
+
+import PGF.CId
+import PGF.Data
+import PGF.Macros
+
+import GF.Data.Operations
+
+import qualified Data.Map as Map
+import qualified Data.Set as Set
+import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap
+import Data.List
+import Data.Array.IArray
+import Data.Array.Unboxed
+import Text.PrettyPrint
+
+
+ppPGF :: PGF -> Doc
+ppPGF pgf = ppAbs (absname pgf) (abstract pgf) $$ ppAll ppCnc (concretes pgf)
+
+ppAbs :: Language -> Abstr -> Doc
+ppAbs name a = text "abstract" <+> ppCId name <+> char '{' $$
+               nest 2 (ppAll ppCat (cats a) $$
+                       ppAll ppFun (funs a)) $$
+               char '}'
+
+ppCat :: CId -> [Hypo] -> Doc
+ppCat c hyps = text "cat" <+> ppCId c <+> hsep (snd (mapAccumL ppHypo [] hyps))
+
+ppFun :: CId -> (Type,Int,[Equation]) -> Doc
+ppFun f (t,_,eqs) = text "fun" <+> ppCId f <+> colon <+> ppType 0 [] t $$
+                    if null eqs
+                      then empty
+                      else text "def" <+> vcat [let (scope,ds) = mapAccumL (ppPatt 9) [] patts
+                                                in ppCId f <+> hsep ds <+> char '=' <+> ppExpr 0 scope res | Equ patts res <- eqs]
+
+ppCnc :: Language -> Concr -> Doc
+ppCnc name cnc =
+  text "concrete" <+> ppCId name <+> char '{' $$
+  nest 2 (text "productions" $$
+          nest 2 (vcat [ppProduction (fcat,prod) | (fcat,set) <- IntMap.toList (productions cnc), prod <- Set.toList set]) $$
+          text "functions" $$
+          nest 2 (vcat (map ppFFun (assocs (functions cnc)))) $$
+          text "sequences" $$
+          nest 2 (vcat (map ppSeq (assocs (sequences cnc)))) $$
+          text "startcats" $$
+          nest 2 (vcat (map ppStartCat (Map.toList (startCats cnc))))) $$
+  char '}'
+
+ppProduction (fcat,FApply funid args) =
+  ppFCat fcat <+> text "->" <+> ppFunId funid <> brackets (hcat (punctuate comma (map ppFCat args)))
+ppProduction (fcat,FCoerce arg) =
+  ppFCat fcat <+> text "->" <+> char '_' <> brackets (ppFCat arg)
+ppProduction (fcat,FConst _ ss) =
+  ppFCat fcat <+> text "->" <+> ppStrs ss
+
+ppFFun (funid,FFun fun arr) =
+  ppFunId funid <+> text ":=" <+> parens (hcat (punctuate comma (map ppSeqId (elems arr)))) <+> brackets (ppCId fun)
+
+ppSeq (seqid,seq) = 
+  ppSeqId seqid <+> text ":=" <+> hsep (map ppSymbol (elems seq))
+
+ppStartCat (id,(start,end,labels)) =
+  ppCId id <+> text ":=" <+> (text "range " <+> brackets (ppFCat start <+> text ".." <+> ppFCat end) $$
+                              text "labels" <+> brackets (vcat (map (text . show) (elems labels))))
+
+ppSymbol (FSymCat d r) = char '<' <> int d <> comma <> int r <> char '>'
+ppSymbol (FSymLit d r) = char '<' <> int d <> comma <> int r <> char '>'
+ppSymbol (FSymKS ts)   = ppStrs ts
+ppSymbol (FSymKP ts alts) = text "pre" <+> braces (hsep (punctuate semi (ppStrs ts : map ppAlt alts)))
+
+ppAlt (Alt ts ps) = ppStrs ts <+> char '/' <+> hsep (map (doubleQuotes . text) ps)
+
+ppStrs ss = doubleQuotes (hsep (map text ss))
+
+ppFCat  fcat
+  | fcat == fcatString = text "CString"
+  | fcat == fcatInt    = text "CInt"
+  | fcat == fcatFloat  = text "CFloat"
+  | fcat == fcatVar    = text "CVar"
+  | otherwise          = char 'C' <> int fcat
+
+ppFunId funid = char 'F' <> int funid
+ppSeqId seqid = char 'S' <> int seqid
+
+-- Utilities
+
+ppAll :: (a -> b -> Doc) -> Map.Map a b -> Doc
+ppAll p m = vcat [ p k v | (k,v) <- Map.toList m]