forked from GitHub/gf-core
working on resource doc and exx, fixing bugs
This commit is contained in:
aarne
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
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--# -path=.:../../prelude
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abstract Resource = Rules, Clause, Structural ** {} ;
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@@ -6,17 +6,27 @@ htmls:
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gfdoc:
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gfdoc ../abstract/Categories.gf ; mv ../abstract/Categories.html .
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gfdoc ../abstract/Rules.gf ; mv ../abstract/Rules.html .
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gfdoc ../abstract/Verbphrase.gf ; mv ../abstract/Verbphrase.html .
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gfdoc ../abstract/Clause.gf ; mv ../abstract/Clause.html .
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gfdoc ../abstract/Structural.gf ; mv ../abstract/Structural.html .
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gfdoc ../abstract/Basic.gf ; mv ../abstract/Basic.html .
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gfdoc ../abstract/Time.gf ; mv ../abstract/Time.html .
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gfdoc ../abstract/Lang.gf ; mv ../abstract/Lang.html .
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gfdoc ../swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf ; mv ../swedish/ParadigmsSwe.html .
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gfdoc ../swedish/VerbsSwe.gf ; mv ../swedish/VerbsSwe.html .
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gfdoc ../swedish/BasicSwe.gf ; mv ../swedish/BasicSwe.html .
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gfdoc ../english/ParadigmsEng.gf ; mv ../english/ParadigmsEng.html .
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gfdoc ../english/VerbsEng.gf ; mv ../english/VerbsEng.html .
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gfdoc ../english/BasicEng.gf ; mv ../english/BasicEng.html .
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gfdoc ../french/ParadigmsFre.gf ; mv ../french/ParadigmsFre.html .
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gfdoc ../french/VerbsFre.gf ; mv ../french/VerbsFre.html .
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gfdoc ../french/BasicFre.gf ; mv ../french/BasicFre.html .
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gifs: lang scand low
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gifs: api lang scand low
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api:
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# echo "pm -printer=graph | wf Resource.dot" | gf ../abstract/Resource.gf
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dot -Tgif ResourceVP.dot>Resource.gif
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lang:
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echo "pm -printer=graph | wf Lang.dot" | gf ../abstract/Lang.gf
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28
lib/resource/doc/ResourceVP.dot
Normal file
28
lib/resource/doc/ResourceVP.dot
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
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digraph {
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Verbphrase [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Verbphrase.gf"];
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Verbphrase -> Categories [style = "solid"];
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Resource [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Resource.gf"];
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Resource -> Rules [style = "solid"];
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Resource -> Clause [style = "solid"];
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Resource -> Structural [style = "solid"];
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Rules [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Rules.gf"];
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Rules -> Categories [style = "solid"];
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Clause [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Clause.gf"];
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Clause -> Categories [style = "solid"];
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Structural [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Structural.gf"];
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Structural -> Categories [style = "solid"];
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Structural -> Numerals [style = "solid"];
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Categories [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Categories.gf"];
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Categories -> PredefAbs [style = "solid"];
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PredefAbs [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "PredefAbs.gf"];
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Numerals [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Numerals.gf"];
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}
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12
lib/resource/doc/example/Animals.gf
Normal file
12
lib/resource/doc/example/Animals.gf
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
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abstract Animals = {
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cat
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Phrase ; Animal ; Action ;
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fun
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Who : Action -> Animal -> Phrase ;
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Whom : Animal -> Action -> Phrase ;
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Answer : Animal -> Action -> Animal -> Phrase ;
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Dog, Cat, Mouse, Lion, Zebra : Animal ;
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Chase, Eat, Like : Action ;
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}
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37
lib/resource/doc/example/AnimalsEng.gf
Normal file
37
lib/resource/doc/example/AnimalsEng.gf
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
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--# -path=.:resource/english:resource/abstract:resource/../prelude
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concrete AnimalsEng of Animals = open ResourceEng, ParadigmsEng, VerbsEng in {
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lincat
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Phrase = Phr ;
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Animal = N ;
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Action = V2 ;
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lin
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Who act obj = QuestPhrase (UseQCl (PosTP TPresent ASimul)
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(QPredV2 who8one_IP act (IndefNumNP NoNum (UseN obj)))) ;
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Whom subj act = QuestPhrase (UseQCl (PosTP TPresent ASimul)
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(IntSlash who8one_IP (SlashV2 (DefOneNP (UseN subj)) act))) ;
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Answer subj act obj = IndicPhrase (UseCl (PosTP TPresent ASimul)
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(SPredV2 (DefOneNP (UseN subj)) act (IndefNumNP NoNum (UseN obj)))) ;
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Dog = regN "dog" ;
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Cat = regN "cat" ;
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Mouse = mk2N "mouse" "mice" ;
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Lion = regN "lion" ;
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Zebra = regN "zebra" ;
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Chase = dirV2 (regV "chase") ;
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Eat = dirV2 (eat_V ** {lock_V = <>}) ;
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Like = dirV2 (regV "like") ;
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}
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{-
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> p -cat=Phr "who likes cars ?"
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QuestPhrase (UseQCl (PosTP TPresent ASimul) (QPredV2 who8one_IP like_V2 (IndefNumNP NoNum (UseN car_N))))
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QuestPhrase (UseQCl (PosTP TPresent ASimul) (IntSlash who8one_IP (SlashV2 (DefOneNP (UseN car_N)) like_V2)))
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> p -cat=Phr "the house likes cars ."
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IndicPhrase (UseCl (PosTP TPresent ASimul) (SPredV2 (DefOneNP (UseN house_N)) like_V2 (IndefNumNP NoNum (UseN car_N))))
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-}
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23
lib/resource/doc/example/AnimalsFre.gf
Normal file
23
lib/resource/doc/example/AnimalsFre.gf
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
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--# -path=.:resource/french:resource/romance:resource/abstract:resource/../prelude
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concrete AnimalsFre of Animals = open ResourceFre, ParadigmsFre, VerbsFre in {
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lincat
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Phrase = Phr ;
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Animal = N ;
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Action = V2 ;
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lin
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Who act obj = QuestPhrase (UseQCl (PosTP TPresent ASimul)
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(QPredV2 who8one_IP act (IndefNumNP NoNum (UseN obj)))) ;
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Whom subj act = QuestPhrase (UseQCl (PosTP TPresent ASimul)
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(IntSlash who8one_IP (SlashV2 (DefOneNP (UseN subj)) act))) ;
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Answer subj act obj = IndicPhrase (UseCl (PosTP TPresent ASimul)
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(SPredV2 (DefOneNP (UseN subj)) act (IndefNumNP NoNum (UseN obj)))) ;
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Dog = regN "chien" masculine ;
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Cat = regN "chat" masculine ;
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Mouse = regN "souris" feminine ;
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Lion = regN "lion" masculine ;
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Zebra = regN "zèbre" masculine ;
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Chase = dirV2 (regV "chasser") ;
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Eat = dirV2 (regV "manger") ;
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Like = dirV2 (regV "aimer") ;
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}
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23
lib/resource/doc/example/AnimalsSwe.gf
Normal file
23
lib/resource/doc/example/AnimalsSwe.gf
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
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--# -path=.:resource/swedish:resource/scandinavian:resource/abstract:resource/../prelude
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concrete AnimalsSwe of Animals = open ResourceSwe, ParadigmsSwe, VerbsSwe in {
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lincat
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Phrase = Phr ;
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Animal = N ;
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Action = V2 ;
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lin
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Who act obj = QuestPhrase (UseQCl (PosTP TPresent ASimul)
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(QPredV2 who8one_IP act (IndefNumNP NoNum (UseN obj)))) ;
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Whom subj act = QuestPhrase (UseQCl (PosTP TPresent ASimul)
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(IntSlash who8one_IP (SlashV2 (DefOneNP (UseN subj)) act))) ;
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Answer subj act obj = IndicPhrase (UseCl (PosTP TPresent ASimul)
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(SPredV2 (DefOneNP (UseN subj)) act (IndefNumNP NoNum (UseN obj)))) ;
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Dog = regN "hund" utrum ;
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Cat = mk2N "katt" "katter" ;
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Mouse = mkN "mus" "musen" "möss" "mössen" ;
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Lion = mk2N "lejon" "lejon" ;
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Zebra = regN "zebra" utrum ;
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Chase = dirV2 (regV "jaga") ;
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Eat = dirV2 äta_V ;
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Like = mkV2 (mk2V "tycka" "tycker") "om" ;
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}
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@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
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<p>
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<b>First Draft, Gothenburg, 7 February 2005</b>
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Second Version, Gothenburg, 18 February 2005
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<br>
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First Draft, Gothenburg, 7 February 2005
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</p><p>
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@@ -23,18 +25,124 @@ Aarne Ranta
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<!-- NEW -->
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<h2>The purpose of the resource grammar library</h2>
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<h2>GF = Grammatical Framework</h2>
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Basic syntactic structures
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A grammar formalism based on functional programming and type theory.
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<p>
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Designed to be nice for <i>ordinary programmers</i> to use.
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<p>
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Mission: to make natural-language applications available for
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ordinary programmers, in tasks like
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<ul>
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<li> software documentation
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<li> domain-specific translation
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<li> human-computer interaction
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<li> dialogue systems
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</ul>
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Thus <i>not</i> primarily another theoretical framework for
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linguists.
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<!-- NEW -->
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<h2>Language + Libraries</h2>
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Writing natural language grammars still requires
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theoretical knowledge about the language.
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<p>
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Which kind of programmer is easier to find?
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<ul>
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<li> one who can write a sorting algorithm
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<li> one who can write a grammar for Swedish determiners
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</ul>
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<p>
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In main-stream programming, sorting algorithms are not
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written by hand but taken from <b>libraries</b>.
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<p>
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In the same way, we want to create grammar libraries that encapsulate
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basic linguistic facts.
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<p>
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Cf. the Java success story: the language is just a half of the
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success - libraries are another half.
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<!-- NEW -->
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<h2>Example of library-based grammar writing</h2>
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To define Swedish definite phrases form scratch:
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<pre>
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</pre>
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To use a library function for Swedish definite phrases:
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<pre>
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</pre>
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<!-- NEW -->
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<h2>Questions in grammar library design</h2>
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What should there be in the library?
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<br>
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<li> morphology, lexicon, syntax, semantics,...
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|
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<p>
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How do we organize and present the library?
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<br>
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<li> division into modules, level of granularity
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<br>
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<li> "school grammar" vs. sophisticated linguistic concepts
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|
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<p>
|
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|
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Where do we get the data from?
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<br>
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<li> automatic extraction or hand-writing?
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<br>
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<li> reuse of existing resources?
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|
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<p>
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Extra constraint: we want open-source free software.
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|
||||
|
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|
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<!-- NEW -->
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<h2>The scope of the resource grammar library</h2>
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All morphological paradigms
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<p>
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|
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Basic lexicon of structural, common, and irregular words
|
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|
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<p>
|
||||
|
||||
Basic syntactic structures
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
Currently <i>no</i> semantics,
|
||||
<i>no</i> language-specific structures if not
|
||||
necessary for expressivity.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- NEW -->
|
||||
<h2>Success criteria</h2>
|
||||
@@ -43,17 +151,23 @@ Grammatical correctness
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
Semantic coverage
|
||||
Semantic coverage: you can express whatever you want.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
Usability as library for non-linguists
|
||||
Usability as library for non-linguists.
|
||||
|
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<p>
|
||||
|
||||
(Bonus for linguists:) nice generalizations w.r.t. language
|
||||
families, using the module system of GF.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- NEW -->
|
||||
<h2>These are not success criteria</h2>
|
||||
<h2>These are not our success criteria</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
Language coverage
|
||||
Language coverage: you can parse all expressions.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -64,11 +178,61 @@ Semantic correctness
|
||||
the time is seventy past forty-two
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
(Warning for linguists:) theoretical innovation in
|
||||
syntax
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- NEW -->
|
||||
<h2>So where is semantics?</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
GF incorporates a <b>Logical Framework</b> and is therefore
|
||||
capable of expressing logical semantics <i>à la</i> Montague
|
||||
or any other flavour, including anaphora and discourse.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
But we do <i>not</i> believe semantics can be given once and
|
||||
for all for a natural language.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
Instead, we expect semantics to be given in
|
||||
<b>application grammars</b> built on semantic models
|
||||
of different domains.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
Example application: number theory
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
fun Even : Nat -> Prop ; -- a mathematical predicate
|
||||
|
||||
lin Even = predA (regA "even") ; -- English translation
|
||||
lin Even = predA (regA "pair") ; -- French translation
|
||||
lin Even = predA (regA "jämn") ; -- Swedish translation
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
How could the resource predict that just <i>these</i>
|
||||
translations are correct in this domain?
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
Application grammars are built by experts of these domains
|
||||
who - thanks to resource grammars - do no more need to be
|
||||
experts in linguistics.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- NEW -->
|
||||
<h2>Languages</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The current GF Resource Project covers ten languages:
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><tt>Dan</tt>ish
|
||||
<li><tt>Eng</tt>lish
|
||||
<li><tt>Fin</tt>nish
|
||||
@@ -79,31 +243,87 @@ Semantic correctness
|
||||
<li><tt>Rus</tt>sian
|
||||
<li><tt>Spa</tt>nish
|
||||
<li><tt>Swe</tt>dish
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
</ul>>
|
||||
The first three letters (<tt>Dan</tt> etc) are used in grammar module names
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- NEW -->
|
||||
<h2>Library structure 1: language-independent API</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<li> syntactic <tt>Categories</tt> (parts of speech, word classes), e.g.
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
V ; NP ; CN ; Det ; -- verb, noun phrase, common noun, determiner
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<li> <tt>Rules</tt> for combining words and phrases, e.g.
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
DetNP : Det -> CN -> NP ; -- combine Det and CN into NP
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<li> the most common <tt>Structural</tt> words (determiners,
|
||||
conjunctions, pronouns), e.g.
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
and_Conj : Conj ;
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- NEW -->
|
||||
<h2>Library structure 2: language-dependent modules</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<li> morphological <tt>Paradigms</tt>, e.g.
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
mkN : Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Gender -> N ; -- worst-case nouns
|
||||
mkN : Str -> N ; -- regular nouns
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<li> irregular <tt>Verbs</tt>, e.g.
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
angripa_V = irregV "angripa" "angrep" "angripit" ;
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<li> <tt>Lexicon</tt> of frequent words
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
man_N = mkN "man" "mannen" "män" "männen" masculine ;
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<li> <tt>Ext</tt>ended syntax with language-specific rules
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
PassBli : V2 -> NP -> VP ; -- bli överkörd av ngn
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- NEW -->
|
||||
<h2>Library structure: overview</h2>
|
||||
<h2>How much can be language-independent?</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
Language-independent API
|
||||
For the ten languages we have considered, it <i>is</i> possible
|
||||
to implement the current API.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
Language-dependent resources
|
||||
Reservations:
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li> morphological <tt>Paradigms</tt>
|
||||
<li> irregular <tt>Verbs</tt>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<li> does not necessarily extend to all other languages
|
||||
<li> does not necessarily cover the most idiomatic expressions
|
||||
of each language
|
||||
<li> may not be the easiest API to implement (e.g. negation and
|
||||
inversion with <i>do</i> in English suggest that some other
|
||||
structure would be more natural)
|
||||
<li> does not guarantee that same structure has the same semantics
|
||||
in different languages
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- NEW -->
|
||||
<h2>Library structure: language-independent API</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<center>
|
||||
<img src="Resource.gif">
|
||||
</center>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- NEW -->
|
||||
<h2>Library structure: test bed for the language-independent API</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<center>
|
||||
<img src="Lang.gif">
|
||||
</center>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- NEW -->
|
||||
<h2>API documentation</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -113,7 +333,9 @@ Language-dependent resources
|
||||
<a href="Rules.html">Rules</a>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<a href="Clause.html">Clause</a>
|
||||
Alternative views on sentence formation:
|
||||
<a href="Clause.html">Clause</a>,
|
||||
<a href="Verbphrase.html">Verbphrase</a>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<a href="Structural.html">Structural</a>
|
||||
@@ -135,19 +357,27 @@ Language-dependent resources
|
||||
<!-- NEW -->
|
||||
<h2>Paradigms documentation</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<a href="ParadigmsEng.html">English</a>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
<a href="ParadigmsEng.html">English paradigms</a>
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
<a href="BasicEng.html">example use of English oaradigms</a>
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
<a href="VerbsEng.html">English verbs</a>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
<a href="ParadigmsSwe.html">Swedish</a>
|
||||
<a href="ParadigmsFre.html">French paradigms</a>
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
<a href="BasicFre.html">example use of French paradigms</a>
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
<a href="VerbsFre.html">French verbs</a>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
||||
<a href="BasicSwe.html">example of Swedish</a>
|
||||
<a href="ParadigmsSwe.html">Swedish paradigms</a>
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
<a href="BasicSwe.html">example use of Swedish paradigms</a>
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
<a href="VerbsSwe.html">Swedish verbs</a>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
--# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude
|
||||
|
||||
--1 English Lexical Paradigms UNDER RECONSTRUCTION!
|
||||
--1 English Lexical Paradigms
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- Aarne Ranta 2003
|
||||
--
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ oper
|
||||
intPronWho : Number -> IntPron = \num -> {
|
||||
s = table {
|
||||
NomP => "who" ;
|
||||
AccP => variants {"who" ; "whom"} ;
|
||||
AccP => variants {"whom" ; "who"} ;
|
||||
GenP => "whose" ;
|
||||
GenSP => "whom"
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
--# -path=.:../scandinavian:../abstract:../../prelude
|
||||
|
||||
--1 Swedish Lexical Paradigms UNDER RECONSTRUCTION!
|
||||
--1 Swedish Lexical Paradigms
|
||||
--
|
||||
-- Aarne Ranta 2003
|
||||
--
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user