Merge branch 'master' into concrete-new

resolves GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/#97

.ghci

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-:set -isrc/compiler -isrc/binary -isrc/runtime/haskell -isrc/server -isrc/server/transfer -idist/build/autogen -idist/build
+:set -isrc/compiler -isrc/binary -isrc/runtime/haskell -isrc/server -isrc/example-based -isrc/server/transfer -idist/build/autogen -idist/build
 :set -fwarn-unused-imports -optP-DSERVER_MODE -optP-DUSE_INTERRUPT -optP-DCC_LAZY -optP-include -optPdist/build/autogen/cabal_macros.h -odir dist/build/gf/gf-tmp -hidir dist/build/gf/gf-tmp -stubdir dist/build/gf/gf-tmp

.github/workflows/build-all-versions.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+# Based on the template here: https://kodimensional.dev/github-actions
+name: Build with stack and cabal
+
+# Trigger the workflow on push or pull request, but only for the master branch
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+
+jobs:
+  cabal:
+    name: ${{ matrix.os }} / ghc ${{ matrix.ghc }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
+        cabal: ["3.2"]
+        ghc:
+          - "8.6.5"
+          - "8.8.3"
+          - "8.10.1"
+        exclude:
+          - os: macos-latest
+            ghc: 8.8.3
+          - os: macos-latest
+            ghc: 8.6.5
+          - os: windows-latest
+            ghc: 8.8.3
+          - os: windows-latest
+            ghc: 8.6.5
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      if: github.event.action == 'opened' || github.event.action == 'synchronize' || github.event.ref == 'refs/heads/master'
+
+    - uses: actions/setup-haskell@v1.1.4
+      id: setup-haskell-cabal
+      name: Setup Haskell
+      with:
+        ghc-version: ${{ matrix.ghc }}
+        cabal-version: ${{ matrix.cabal }}
+
+    - name: Freeze
+      run: |
+        cabal freeze
+
+    - uses: actions/cache@v1
+      name: Cache ~/.cabal/store
+      with:
+        path: ${{ steps.setup-haskell-cabal.outputs.cabal-store }}
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.ghc }}
+        # key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.ghc }}-${{ hashFiles('cabal.project.freeze') }}
+
+    - name: Build
+      run: |
+        cabal configure --enable-tests --enable-benchmarks --test-show-details=direct
+        cabal build all
+
+    # - name: Test
+    #   run: |
+    #     cabal test all
+
+  stack:
+    name: stack / ghc ${{ matrix.ghc }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        stack: ["2.3.3"]
+        ghc: ["7.10.3","8.0.2", "8.2.2", "8.4.4", "8.6.5", "8.8.4"]
+        # ghc: ["8.8.3"]
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      if: github.event.action == 'opened' || github.event.action == 'synchronize' || github.event.ref == 'refs/heads/master'
+
+    - uses: actions/setup-haskell@v1.1.4
+      name: Setup Haskell Stack
+      with:
+        # ghc-version: ${{ matrix.ghc }}
+        stack-version: ${{ matrix.stack }}
+
+    - uses: actions/cache@v1
+      name: Cache ~/.stack
+      with:
+        path: ~/.stack
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.ghc }}-stack
+
+    - name: Build
+      run: |
+        stack build --system-ghc --stack-yaml stack-ghc${{ matrix.ghc }}.yaml
+        # stack build --system-ghc --test --bench --no-run-tests --no-run-benchmarks
+
+    - name: Test
+      run: |
+        stack test --system-ghc --stack-yaml stack-ghc${{ matrix.ghc }}.yaml

.github/workflows/build-binary-packages.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+name: Build Binary Packages
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  release:
+
+jobs:
+
+# ---
+
+  ubuntu:
+    name: Build Ubuntu package
+    runs-on: ubuntu-18.04
+    # strategy:
+    #   matrix:
+    #     ghc: ["8.6.5"]
+    #     cabal: ["2.4"]
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    # Note: `haskell-platform` is listed as requirement in debian/control,
+    # which is why it's installed using apt instead of the Setup Haskell action.
+
+    # - name: Setup Haskell
+    #   uses: actions/setup-haskell@v1
+    #   id: setup-haskell-cabal
+    #   with:
+    #     ghc-version: ${{ matrix.ghc }}
+    #     cabal-version: ${{ matrix.cabal }}
+
+    - name: Install build tools
+      run: |
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get install -y \
+          make \
+          dpkg-dev \
+          debhelper \
+          haskell-platform \
+          libghc-json-dev \
+          python-dev \
+          default-jdk \
+          libtool-bin
+
+    - name: Build package
+      run: |
+        make deb
+
+    - name: Copy package
+      run: |
+        cp ../gf_*.deb dist/
+
+    - name: Upload artifact
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      with:
+        name: gf-${{ github.sha }}-ubuntu
+        path: dist/gf_*.deb
+        if-no-files-found: error
+
+# ---
+
+  macos:
+    name: Build macOS package
+    runs-on: macos-10.15
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        ghc: ["8.6.5"]
+        cabal: ["2.4"]
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    - name: Setup Haskell
+      uses: actions/setup-haskell@v1
+      id: setup-haskell-cabal
+      with:
+        ghc-version: ${{ matrix.ghc }}
+        cabal-version: ${{ matrix.cabal }}
+
+    - name: Install build tools
+      run: |
+        brew install \
+          automake
+        cabal v1-install alex happy
+
+    - name: Build package
+      run: |
+        sudo mkdir -p /Library/Java/Home
+        sudo ln -s /usr/local/opt/openjdk/include /Library/Java/Home/include
+        make pkg
+
+    - name: Upload artifact
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      with:
+        name: gf-${{ github.sha }}-macos
+        path: dist/gf-*.pkg
+        if-no-files-found: error
+
+# ---
+
+  windows:
+    name: Build Windows package
+    runs-on: windows-2019
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        ghc: ["8.6.5"]
+        cabal: ["2.4"]
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    - name: Setup MSYS2
+      uses: msys2/setup-msys2@v2
+      with:
+        install: >-
+          base-devel
+          gcc
+          python-devel
+
+    - name: Prepare dist folder
+      shell: msys2 {0}
+      run: |
+        mkdir /c/tmp-dist
+        mkdir /c/tmp-dist/c
+        mkdir /c/tmp-dist/java
+        mkdir /c/tmp-dist/python
+
+    - name: Build C runtime
+      shell: msys2 {0}
+      run: |
+        cd src/runtime/c
+        autoreconf -i
+        ./configure
+        make
+        make install
+        cp /mingw64/bin/libpgf-0.dll /c/tmp-dist/c
+        cp /mingw64/bin/libgu-0.dll /c/tmp-dist/c
+
+    - name: Build Java bindings
+      shell: msys2 {0}
+      run: |
+        export PATH="${PATH}:/c/Program Files/Java/jdk8u275-b01/bin"
+        cd src/runtime/java
+        make \
+          JNI_INCLUDES="-I \"/c/Program Files/Java/jdk8u275-b01/include\" -I \"/c/Program Files/Java/jdk8u275-b01/include/win32\" -I \"/mingw64/include\" -D__int64=int64_t" \
+          WINDOWS_LDFLAGS="-L\"/mingw64/lib\" -no-undefined"
+        make install
+        cp .libs//msys-jpgf-0.dll /c/tmp-dist/java/jpgf.dll
+        cp jpgf.jar /c/tmp-dist/java
+
+    - name: Build Python bindings
+      shell: msys2 {0}
+      env:
+        EXTRA_INCLUDE_DIRS: /mingw64/include
+        EXTRA_LIB_DIRS: /mingw64/lib
+      run: |
+        cd src/runtime/python
+        python setup.py build
+        python setup.py install
+        cp /usr/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pgf* /c/tmp-dist/python
+
+    - name: Setup Haskell
+      uses: actions/setup-haskell@v1
+      id: setup-haskell-cabal
+      with:
+        ghc-version: ${{ matrix.ghc }}
+        cabal-version: ${{ matrix.cabal }}
+
+    - name: Install Haskell build tools
+      run: |
+        cabal install alex happy
+
+    - name: Build GF
+      run: |
+        cabal install --only-dependencies -fserver
+        cabal configure -fserver
+        cabal build
+        copy dist\build\gf\gf.exe C:\tmp-dist
+
+    - name: Upload artifact
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      with:
+        name: gf-${{ github.sha }}-windows
+        path: C:\tmp-dist\*
+        if-no-files-found: error

.github/workflows/build-python-package.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+name: Build & Publish Python Package
+
+# Trigger the workflow on push or pull request, but only for the master branch
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+
+jobs:
+  build_wheels:
+    name: Build wheel on ${{ matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: true
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-18.04, macos-10.15]
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
+
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v1
+      name: Install Python
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.7'
+
+    - name: Install cibuildwheel
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install git+https://github.com/joerick/cibuildwheel.git@main
+
+    - name: Install build tools for OSX
+      if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'macos')
+      run: |
+        brew install automake
+
+    - name: Build wheels on Linux
+      if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'macos') != true
+      env:
+        CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD: cd src/runtime/c && autoreconf -i && ./configure && make && make install
+      run: |
+        python -m cibuildwheel src/runtime/python --output-dir wheelhouse
+
+    - name: Build wheels on OSX
+      if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'macos')
+      env:
+        CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD: cd src/runtime/c && glibtoolize && autoreconf -i && ./configure && make && make install
+      run: |
+        python -m cibuildwheel src/runtime/python --output-dir wheelhouse
+
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      with:
+        path: ./wheelhouse
+
+  build_sdist:
+    name: Build source distribution
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        name: Install Python
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.7'
+
+      - name: Build sdist
+        run: cd src/runtime/python && python setup.py sdist
+
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+        with:
+          path: ./src/runtime/python/dist/*.tar.gz
+
+  upload_pypi:
+    name: Upload to PyPI
+    needs: [build_wheels, build_sdist]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' && github.event_name == 'push'
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+
+      - name: Install twine
+        run: pip install twine
+
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
+        with:
+          name: artifact
+          path: ./dist
+
+      - name: Publish
+        env:
+          TWINE_USERNAME: __token__
+          TWINE_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.pypi_password }}
+        run: |
+          (cd ./src/runtime/python && curl -I --fail https://pypi.org/project/$(python setup.py --name)/$(python setup.py --version)/) || twine upload dist/*

.gitignore

@@ -5,7 +5,14 @@
 *.jar
 *.gfo
 *.pgf
+debian/.debhelper
+debian/debhelper-build-stamp
+debian/gf
+debian/gf.debhelper.log
+debian/gf.substvars
+debian/files
 dist/
+dist-newstyle/
 src/runtime/c/.libs/
 src/runtime/c/Makefile
 src/runtime/c/Makefile.in
@@ -43,3 +50,26 @@ src/runtime/python/build/
 cabal.sandbox.config
 .stack-work
 DATA_DIR
+
+stack*.yaml.lock
+
+# Output files for test suite
+*.out
+gf-tests.html
+
+# Generated documentation (not exhaustive)
+demos/index-numbers.html
+demos/resourcegrammars.html
+demos/translation.html
+doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html
+doc/index.html
+doc/gf-bibliography.html
+doc/gf-developers.html
+doc/gf-editor-modes.html
+doc/gf-people.html
+doc/gf-refman.html
+doc/gf-shell-reference.html
+doc/icfp-2012.html
+download/*.html
+gf-book/index.html
+src/www/gf-web-api.html

Makefile

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ doc:
 
 clean:
 	cabal clean
+	bash bin/clean_html
 
 gf:
 	cabal build rgl-none
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ html::
 # number to the top of debian/changelog.
 # (Tested on Ubuntu 15.04. You need to install dpkg-dev & debhelper.)
 deb:
-	dpkg-buildpackage -b
+	dpkg-buildpackage -b -uc
 
 # Make an OS X Installer package
 pkg:

README.md

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 
 # Grammatical Framework (GF)
 
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core)
-
 The Grammatical Framework is a grammar formalism based on type theory.
 It consists of:
 
@@ -32,20 +30,16 @@ GF particularly addresses four aspects of grammars:
 
 ## Compilation and installation
 
-The simplest way of installing GF is with the command:
+The simplest way of installing GF from source is with the command:
 ```
 cabal install
 ```
-
-This can be broken down into the usual sub-steps:
+or:
 ```
-cabal configure
-cabal build
-cabal copy
+stack install
 ```
 
-For more details, see the [download page](http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html)
-and [developers manual](http://www.grammaticalframework.org/doc/gf-developers.html).
+For more information, including links to precompiled binaries, see the [download page](http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html).
 
 ## About this repository
 

RELEASE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# GF Core releases
+
+**Note:**
+The RGL is now released completely separately from GF Core.
+See the [RGL's RELEASE.md](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl/blob/master/RELEASE.md).
+
+## Creating a new release
+
+### 1. Prepare the repository
+
+**Web pages**
+
+1. Create `download/index-X.Y.md` with installation instructions.
+2. Create `download/release-X.Y.md` with changelog information.
+3. Update `download/index.html` to redirect to the new version.
+4. Add announcement in news section in `index.html`.
+
+**Version numbers**
+
+1. Update version number in `gf.cabal` (ommitting `-git` suffix).
+2. Add a new line in `debian/changelog`.
+
+### 2. Create GitHub release
+
+1. When the above changes are committed to the `master` branch in the repository
+  and pushed, check that all CI workflows are successful (fixing as necessary):
+  - <https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/actions>
+  - <https://travis-ci.org/github/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core>
+2. Create a GitHub release [here](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/releases/new):
+  - Tag version format `RELEASE-X.Y`
+  - Title: "GF X.Y"
+  - Description: mention major changes since last release
+3. Publish the release to trigger the building of the binary packages (below).
+
+### 3. Binary packages
+
+The binaries will be built automatically by GitHub Actions when the release is created,
+but the generated _artifacts_ must be manually attached to the release as _assets_.
+
+1. Go to the [actions page](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/actions) and click "Build Binary Packages" under _Workflows_.
+2. Choose the workflow run corresponding to the newly created release.
+3. Download the artifacts locally. Extract the Ubuntu and macOS ones to get the `.deb` and `.pkg` files.
+4. Go back to the [releases page](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/releases) and click to edit the release information.
+5. Add the downloaded artifacts as release assets, giving them names with format `gf-X.Y-PLATFORM.EXT` (e.g. `gf-3.11-macos.pkg`).
+
+### 4. Upload to Hackage
+
+In order to do this you will need to be added the [GF maintainers](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/gf/maintainers/) on Hackage.
+
+1. Run `make sdist`
+2. Upload the package, either:
+    1. **Manually**: visit <https://hackage.haskell.org/upload> and upload the file `dist/gf-X.Y.tar.gz`
+    2. **via Cabal (≥2.4)**: `cabal upload dist/gf-X.Y.tar.gz`
+3. If the documentation-building fails on the Hackage server, do:
+```
+cabal v2-haddock --builddir=dist/docs --haddock-for-hackage --enable-doc
+cabal upload --documentation dist/docs/*-docs.tar.gz
+```
+
+## Miscellaneous
+
+### What is the tag `GF-3.10`?
+
+For GF 3.10, the Core and RGL repositories had already been separated, however
+the binary packages still included the RGL. `GF-3.10` is a tag that was created
+in both repositories ([gf-core](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/releases/tag/GF-3.10) and [gf-rgl](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl/releases/tag/GF-3.10)) to indicate which versions of each went into the binaries.

Setup.hs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import Distribution.System(Platform(..),OS(..))
 import Distribution.Simple(defaultMainWithHooks,UserHooks(..),simpleUserHooks)
 import Distribution.Simple.LocalBuildInfo(LocalBuildInfo(..),absoluteInstallDirs,datadir)
 import Distribution.Simple.Setup(BuildFlags(..),Flag(..),InstallFlags(..),CopyDest(..),CopyFlags(..),SDistFlags(..))
@@ -18,7 +19,6 @@ main = defaultMainWithHooks simpleUserHooks
   , preInst   = gfPreInst
   , postInst  = gfPostInst
   , postCopy  = gfPostCopy
-  , sDistHook = gfSDist
   }
   where
     gfPreBuild args  = gfPre args . buildDistPref
@@ -28,17 +28,17 @@ main = defaultMainWithHooks simpleUserHooks
       return emptyHookedBuildInfo
 
     gfPostBuild args flags pkg lbi = do
-      noRGLmsg
+      -- noRGLmsg
       let gf = default_gf lbi
       buildWeb gf flags (pkg,lbi)
 
     gfPostInst args flags pkg lbi = do
-      noRGLmsg
+      -- noRGLmsg
       saveInstallPath args flags (pkg,lbi)
       installWeb (pkg,lbi)
 
     gfPostCopy args flags  pkg lbi = do
-      noRGLmsg
+      -- noRGLmsg
       saveCopyPath args flags (pkg,lbi)
       copyWeb flags (pkg,lbi)
 
@@ -73,5 +73,9 @@ dataDirFile = "DATA_DIR"
 default_gf :: LocalBuildInfo -> FilePath
 default_gf lbi = buildDir lbi </> exeName' </> exeNameReal
   where
+    -- shadows Distribution.Simple.BuildPaths.exeExtension, which changed type signature in Cabal 2.4
+    exeExtension = case hostPlatform lbi of
+      Platform arch Windows -> "exe"
+      _ -> ""
     exeName' = "gf"
     exeNameReal = exeName' <.> exeExtension

WebSetup.hs

@@ -26,6 +26,14 @@ import Distribution.PackageDescription(PackageDescription(..))
   so users won't see this message unless they check the log.)
 -}
 
+-- | Notice about contrib grammars
+noContribMsg :: IO ()
+noContribMsg = putStr $ unlines
+  [ "Example grammars are no longer included in the main GF repository, but have moved to gf-contrib."
+  , "If you want them to be built, clone the following repository in the same directory as gf-core:"
+  , "https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-contrib.git"
+  ]
+
 example_grammars :: [(String, String, [String])] -- [(pgf, subdir, source modules)]
 example_grammars =
    [("Letter.pgf","letter",letterSrc)
@@ -50,11 +58,8 @@ buildWeb gf flags (pkg,lbi) = do
   contrib_exists <- doesDirectoryExist contrib_dir
   if contrib_exists
   then mapM_ build_pgf example_grammars
-  else putStr $ unlines
-    [ "Example grammars are no longer included in the main GF repository, but have moved to gf-contrib."
-    , "If you want these example grammars to be built, clone this repository in the same top-level directory as GF:"
-    , "https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-contrib.git"
-    ]
+  -- else noContribMsg
+  else return ()
   where
     gfo_dir = buildDir lbi </> "examples"
 
@@ -104,9 +109,10 @@ setupWeb dest (pkg,lbi) = do
     copy_pgf (pgf,subdir,_) =
       do let src = gfo_dir </> pgf
          let dst = grammars_dir </> pgf
-         putStrLn $ "Installing "++dst
          ex <- doesFileExist src
-         if ex then copyFile src dst else return ()
+         if ex then do putStrLn $ "Installing "++dst
+                       copyFile src dst
+               else putStrLn $ "Not installing "++dst
 
     gf_logo = "gf0.png"
 

bin/build-binary-dist.sh

@@ -1,33 +1,38 @@
 #! /bin/bash
 
-### This script builds a binary distribution of GF from the source
-### package that this script is a part of. It assumes that you have installed
-### the Haskell Platform, version 2013.2.0.0 or 2012.4.0.0.
-### Two binary package formats are supported: plain tar files (.tar.gz) and
-### OS X Installer packages (.pkg).
+### This script builds a binary distribution of GF from source.
+### It assumes that you have Haskell and Cabal installed.
+### Two binary package formats are supported (specified with the FMT env var):
+### - plain tar files (.tar.gz)
+### - macOS installer packages (.pkg)
 
 os=$(uname)     # Operating system name (e.g. Darwin or Linux)
 hw=$(uname -m)  # Hardware name (e.g. i686 or x86_64)
 
-# GF version number:
+cabal="cabal v1-" # Cabal >= 2.4
+# cabal="cabal " # Cabal <= 2.2
+
+## Get GF version number from Cabal file
 ver=$(grep -i ^version: gf.cabal | sed -e 's/version://' -e 's/ //g')
 
 name="gf-$ver"
 destdir="$PWD/dist/$name"          # assemble binary dist here
 prefix=${PREFIX:-/usr/local}       # where to install
 fmt=${FMT:-tar.gz}                 # binary package format (tar.gz or pkg)
+ghc=${GHC:-ghc}                    # which Haskell compiler to use
 
 extralib="$destdir$prefix/lib"
 extrainclude="$destdir$prefix/include"
 extra="--extra-lib-dirs=$extralib --extra-include-dirs=$extrainclude"
 
 set -e                             # Stop if an error occurs
-set -x                             # print commands before exuting them
+set -x                             # print commands before executing them
 
 ## First configure & build the C run-time system
 pushd src/runtime/c
 bash setup.sh configure --prefix="$prefix"
 bash setup.sh build
+bash setup.sh install prefix="$prefix" # hack required for GF build on macOS
 bash setup.sh install prefix="$destdir$prefix"
 popd
 
@@ -37,11 +42,11 @@ if which >/dev/null python; then
     EXTRA_INCLUDE_DIRS="$extrainclude" EXTRA_LIB_DIRS="$extralib" python setup.py build
     python setup.py install --prefix="$destdir$prefix"
     if [ "$fmt" == pkg ] ; then
-	# A hack for Python on OS X to find the PGF modules
-	pyver=$(ls "$destdir$prefix/lib" | sed -n 's/^python//p')
-	pydest="$destdir/Library/Python/$pyver/site-packages"
-	mkdir -p "$pydest"
-	ln "$destdir$prefix/lib/python$pyver/site-packages"/pgf* "$pydest"
+        # A hack for Python on macOS to find the PGF modules
+        pyver=$(ls "$destdir$prefix/lib" | sed -n 's/^python//p')
+        pydest="$destdir/Library/Python/$pyver/site-packages"
+        mkdir -p "$pydest"
+        ln "$destdir$prefix/lib/python$pyver/site-packages"/pgf* "$pydest"
     fi
     popd
 else
@@ -52,52 +57,42 @@ fi
 if which >/dev/null javac && which >/dev/null jar ; then
     pushd src/runtime/java
     rm -f libjpgf.la # In case it contains the wrong INSTALL_PATH
-    if make CFLAGS="-I$extrainclude -L$extralib" INSTALL_PATH="$prefix/lib"
+    if make CFLAGS="-I$extrainclude -L$extralib" INSTALL_PATH="$prefix"
     then
-	make INSTALL_PATH="$destdir$prefix/lib" install
+        make INSTALL_PATH="$destdir$prefix" install
     else
-	echo "*** Skipping the Java binding because of errors"
+        echo "Skipping the Java binding because of errors"
     fi
     popd
 else
     echo "Java SDK is not installed, so the Java binding will not be included"
 fi
 
+## To find dynamic C run-time libraries when building GF below
+export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH="$extralib" LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$extralib"
+
 ## Build GF, with C run-time support enabled
-cabal install --only-dependencies -fserver -fc-runtime $extra
-cabal configure --prefix="$prefix" -fserver -fc-runtime $extra
-DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH="$extralib" LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$extralib" cabal build
-  # Building the example grammars will fail, because the RGL is missing
-cabal copy --destdir="$destdir"  # create www directory
-
-## Build the RGL and copy it to $destdir
-PATH=$PWD/dist/build/gf:$PATH
-export GF_LIB_PATH="$(dirname $(find "$destdir" -name www))/lib"   # hmm
-mkdir -p "$GF_LIB_PATH"
-pushd ../gf-rgl
-make build
-make copy
-popd
-
-# Build GF again, including example grammars that need the RGL
-DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH="$extralib" LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$extralib" cabal build
+${cabal}install -w "$ghc" --only-dependencies -fserver -fc-runtime $extra
+${cabal}configure -w "$ghc" --prefix="$prefix" -fserver -fc-runtime $extra
+${cabal}build
 
 ## Copy GF to $destdir
-cabal copy --destdir="$destdir"
+${cabal}copy --destdir="$destdir"
 libdir=$(dirname $(find "$destdir" -name PGF.hi))
-cabal register --gen-pkg-config=$libdir/gf-$ver.conf
+${cabal}register --gen-pkg-config="$libdir/gf-$ver.conf"
 
 ## Create the binary distribution package
 case $fmt in
     tar.gz)
-	targz="$name-bin-$hw-$os.tar.gz"     # the final tar file
-	tar -C "$destdir/$prefix" -zcf "dist/$targz" .
-	echo "Created $targz, consider renaming it to something more user friendly"
-	;;
+        targz="$name-bin-$hw-$os.tar.gz"     # the final tar file
+        tar --directory "$destdir/$prefix" --gzip --create --file "dist/$targz" .
+        echo "Created $targz"
+        ;;
     pkg)
-	pkg=$name.pkg
-	pkgbuild --identifier org.grammaticalframework.gf.pkg --version "$ver" --root "$destdir" --install-location / dist/$pkg
-	echo "Created $pkg"
+        pkg=$name.pkg
+        pkgbuild --identifier org.grammaticalframework.gf.pkg --version "$ver" --root "$destdir" --install-location / dist/$pkg
+        echo "Created $pkg"
 esac
 
+## Cleanup
 rm -r "$destdir"

bin/clean_html

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# This script finds all .t2t (txt2tags) and .md (Markdown) files
+# and deletes the corresponding HTML file of the same name.
+
+find . -name '*.t2t' | while read t2t ; do
+  html="${t2t%.t2t}.html"
+  if [ -f "$html" ] ; then
+    echo "$html"
+    rm -f "$html"
+  fi
+done
+
+find . -name '*.md' | while read md ; do
+  html="${md%.md}.html"
+  if [ -f "$html" ] ; then
+    echo "$html"
+    rm -f "$html"
+  fi
+done

bin/template.html

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="$lang$" xml:lang="$lang$"$if(dir)$ dir="$dir$"$endif$>
+<head>
+  <meta charset="utf-8" />
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+$for(author-meta)$
+  <meta name="author" content="$author-meta$" />
+$endfor$
+$if(date-meta)$
+  <meta name="dcterms.date" content="$date-meta$" />
+$endif$
+$if(keywords)$
+  <meta name="keywords" content="$for(keywords)$$keywords$$sep$, $endfor$" />
+$endif$
+  <title>$if(title-prefix)$$title-prefix$ – $endif$$pagetitle$</title>
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" crossorigin="anonymous">
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.4.2/css/all.css" integrity="sha384-/rXc/GQVaYpyDdyxK+ecHPVYJSN9bmVFBvjA/9eOB+pb3F2w2N6fc5qB9Ew5yIns" crossorigin="anonymous">
+$for(css)$
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="$css$" />
+$endfor$
+$if(math)$
+  $math$
+$endif$
+  <!--[if lt IE 9]>
+    <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv-printshiv.min.js"></script>
+  <![endif]-->
+$for(header-includes)$
+  $header-includes$
+$endfor$
+</head>
+<body class="bg-light">
+  <div class="bg-white pb-5">
+$for(include-before)$
+$include-before$
+$endfor$
+<div class="container-fluid py-5" style="max-width:1200px">
+
+$if(title)$
+<header id="title-block-header">
+<a href="$rel-root$" title="Home">
+  <img src="$rel-root$/doc/Logos/gf1.svg" height="200" class="float-md-right ml-3 mb-3 bg-white" alt="GF Logo">
+</a>
+<h1 class="title">$title$</h1>
+$if(subtitle)$
+<p class="subtitle">$subtitle$</p>
+$endif$
+$for(author)$
+<p class="author">$author$</p>
+$endfor$
+$if(date)$
+<p class="date">$date$</p>
+$endif$
+</header>
+$endif$
+$if(toc)$
+<nav id="$idprefix$TOC">
+$if(table-of-contents)$
+  <!-- pandoc >= 2.0 -->
+  $table-of-contents$
+$else$
+  <!-- pandoc < 2.0 -->
+  $toc$
+$endif$
+</nav>
+$endif$
+$body$
+</div><!-- .container -->
+</div><!-- .bg-white -->
+
+<footer class="py-5">
+  <div class="container">
+    <div class="row">
+
+      <div class="col-6 col-sm-3">
+        <a href="$rel-root$">
+          <i class="fas fa-home"></i>
+          Home
+        </a>
+        <h6 class="text-muted mt-3">Get started</h6>
+        <ul class="list-unstyled">
+          <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1LFbDQhbso">Google Tech Talk</a></li>
+          <li><a href="http://cloud.grammaticalframework.org/">GF Cloud</a></li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="$rel-root$/doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">Tutorial</a>
+             ·
+            <a href="$rel-root$/lib/doc/rgl-tutorial/index.html">RGL Tutorial</a>
+          </li>
+          <li><a href="$rel-root$/doc/gf-video-tutorials.html">Video Tutorials</a></li>
+          <li><a href="$rel-root$/download"><strong>Download GF</strong></a></li>
+        </ul>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="col-6 col-sm-3">
+        <h6 class="text-muted">Learn more</h6>
+        <ul class="list-unstyled">
+          <li><a href="$rel-root$/gf-book">The GF Book</a></li>
+          <li><a href="$rel-root$/doc/gf-refman.html">Reference Manual</a></li>
+          <li><a href="$rel-root$/doc/gf-shell-reference.html">GF Shell Reference</a></li>
+          <li><a href="http://www.molto-project.eu/sites/default/files/MOLTO_D2.3.pdf">Best Practices</a></li>
+          <li><a href="$rel-root$/lib/doc/synopsis/index.html"><strong>RGL Synopsis</strong></a></li>
+        </ul>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="col-6 col-sm-3">
+        <h6 class="text-muted">Develop</h6>
+        <ul class="list-unstyled">
+          <li><a href="$rel-root$/doc/gf-developers.html">Developers Guide</a></li>
+          <li><a href="http://hackage.haskell.org/package/gf/docs/PGF.html">PGF library API (Haskell runtime)</a></li>
+          <li><a href="$rel-root$/doc/runtime-api.html">PGF library API (C runtime)</a></li>
+          <li><a href="http://hackage.haskell.org/package/gf/docs/GF.html">GF compiler API</a></li>
+          <li><a href="$rel-root$/doc/gf-editor-modes.html">Text Editor Support</a></li>
+        </ul>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="col-6 col-sm-3">
+        <h6 class="text-muted">Contribute</h6>
+        <ul class="list-unstyled">
+          <li><a href="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-dev">Mailing List</a></li>
+          <li><a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/issues">Issue Tracker</a></li>
+          <li><a href="$rel-root$/doc/gf-people.html">Authors</a></li>
+          <li><a href="http://school.grammaticalframework.org/2018/">Summer School</a></li>
+        </ul>
+        <h6 class="text-muted">
+          Repositories
+          <i class="fab fa-github ml-1"></i>
+        </h6>
+        <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core">GF</a> ·
+        <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl">RGL</a> ·
+        <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-contrib">Contributions</a>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</footer>
+$for(include-after)$
+$include-after$
+$endfor$
+<script type="text/javascript">
+var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
+document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
+</script>
+<script type="text/javascript">
+try {
+var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-7811807-3");
+pageTracker._trackPageview();
+} catch(err) {}</script>
+</body>
+</html>

bin/update_html

@@ -1,11 +1,156 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-### This script finds all .t2t (txt2tags) files and updates the corresponding
-### .html file, if it is out-of-date.
+# Generate HTML from txt2tags (.t2t) and Markdown (.md)
+# Usage:
+# - update_html
+#   Look for all .t2t and .md files in the current directory and below,
+#   generating the output HTML when the source is newer than the HTML.
+# - update_html path/to/file.t2t path/to/another.md
+#   Generate HTML for the specified file(s), ignoring modification time.
+#
+# Requires:
+# - txt2tags for .t2t files. Tested with 2.6.
+# - pandoc for both .t2t and .md files. Tested with 1.16.0.2 and 2.3.1.
+# - the template file `template.html` in the same directory as this script.
+#
+# Tested with Ubuntu 16.04 and macOS Mojave.
+#
+# See also clean_html for removing the files generated by this script.
 
-find . -name '*.t2t' | while read t2t ; do
-  html="${t2t%.t2t}.html"
-  if [ "$t2t" -nt "$html" ] ; then
-    txt2tags -thtml "$t2t"
+# Path to directory where this script is
+# https://stackoverflow.com/a/246128/98600
+DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" >/dev/null && pwd )"
+
+# HTML template
+template="$DIR/template.html"
+
+# Render txt2tags into html file
+# Arguments:
+# 1. txt2tags source file, e.g. download/index.t2t
+# 2. html target file, e.g. download/index.html
+function render_t2t_html {
+  t2t="$1"
+  html="$2"
+  tmp="$2.tmp"
+  relroot="$( dirname $t2t | sed -E 's/^.\///' | sed -E 's/[^/]+/../g' )"
+
+  # First render with txt2tags to handle pre/post processing
+  txt2tags \
+    --target=html \
+    --no-headers \
+    --quiet \
+    --outfile="$tmp" \
+    --infile="$t2t"
+
+  # Replace <A NAME="toc3"></A> with <div id="toc3"></div> so that Pandoc retains it
+  # Do this for both cases since BSD sed doesn't support /i
+  sed -i.bak "s/<a name=\"\(.*\)\"><\/a>/<div id=\"\1\"><\/div>/" "$tmp"
+  sed -i.bak "s/<A NAME=\"\(.*\)\"><\/A>/<div id=\"\1\"><\/div>/" "$tmp"
+  rm -f "$tmp.bak"
+
+  # Capture first 3 lines of t2t file: title, author, date
+  # Documentation here: https://txt2tags.org/userguide/headerarea
+  l1=$(head -n 1 "$t2t")
+  l2=$(tail -n+2 "$t2t" | head -n 1)
+  l3=$(tail -n+3 "$t2t" | head -n 1)
+  title=
+  author=
+  date=
+  if [ -n "$l1" ] ; then
+    title="$l1"
+    if [ -n "$l2" ] ; then author="$l2" ; fi
+    if [ -n "$l3" ] ; then date="$l3" ; fi
   fi
-done
+
+  # Run txt2tag's HTML through Pandoc for cleanup
+  pandoc \
+    --from=html \
+    --to=html5 \
+    --standalone \
+    --template="$template" \
+    --variable="lang:en" \
+    --variable="rel-root:$relroot" \
+    --metadata="title:$title" \
+    --metadata="author:$author" \
+    --metadata="date:$date" \
+    "$tmp" \
+    --output="$html"
+  rm -f "$tmp"
+
+  # Final post-processing
+  if [ -f "$html" ] ; then
+    sed -i.bak "s/<table/<table class=\"table\"/" "$html" && rm "$html.bak"
+    echo "$html"
+  fi
+}
+
+# Render markdown into html file
+# Arguments:
+# 1. markdown source file, e.g. download/index.md
+# 2. html target file, e.g. download/index.html
+function render_md_html {
+  md="$1"
+  html="$2"
+  relroot="$( dirname $md | sed -E 's/^.\///' | sed -E 's/[^/]+/../g' )"
+
+  # Look for `show-toc: true` in metadata (first ten lines of file)
+  if head -n 10 "$md" | grep --quiet 'show-toc: true' ; then
+    tocflag='--table-of-contents'
+  else
+    tocflag=''
+  fi
+
+  pandoc \
+    --from=markdown \
+    --to=html5 \
+    --standalone \
+    $tocflag \
+    --template="$template" \
+    --variable="lang:en" \
+    --variable="rel-root:$relroot" \
+    "$md" \
+    --output="$html"
+
+  # Final post-processing
+  if [ -f "$html" ] ; then
+    # add "table" class to tables
+    sed -i.bak "s/<table/<table class=\"table\"/" "$html"
+    # rewrite anchors that Pandoc 1.16 ignores: [content]{#anchor} -> <span id="anchor">content</span>
+    sed -i.bak -E "s/\[(.*)\]\{#(.+)\}/<span id=\"\2\">\1<\/span>/" "$html"
+    rm -f "$html.bak"
+    echo "$html"
+  fi
+}
+
+# Main entry point
+# Script can be run in one of two modes:
+if [ $# -gt 0 ] ; then
+  # Render specific file(s) from args, ignoring dates
+  for file in "$@" ; do
+    ext="${file##*.}"
+    html="${file%.$ext}.html"
+    case $ext in
+      "md")
+        render_md_html "$file" "$html"
+        ;;
+      "t2t")
+        render_t2t_html "$file" "$html"
+        ;;
+    esac
+  done
+else
+  # Render all files found in cwd and deeper if source is newer
+  find . -name '*.t2t' | while read file ; do
+    html="${file%.t2t}.html"
+    if [ "$file" -nt "$html" ] || [ "$template" -nt "$html" ] ; then
+      render_t2t_html "$file" "$html"
+    fi
+  done
+  find . -name '*.md' | while read file ; do
+    if [[ "$file" == *"README.md" ]] || [[ "$file" == *"RELEASE.md" ]] ; then continue ; fi
+    html="${file%.md}.html"
+    if [ "$file" -nt "$html" ] || [ "$template" -nt "$html" ] ; then
+      render_md_html "$file" "$html"
+    fi
+  done
+fi

debian/changelog

@@ -1,3 +1,27 @@
+gf (3.10.4-1) xenial bionic cosmic; urgency=low
+
+  * GF 3.10.4
+
+ -- Thomas Hallgren <hallgren@chalmers.se>  Fri, 18 Nov 2019 15:00:00 +0100
+
+gf (3.10.3-1) xenial bionic cosmic; urgency=low
+
+  * GF 3.10.3
+
+ -- Thomas Hallgren <hallgren@chalmers.se>  Fri,  5 Mar 2019 19:30:00 +0100
+
+gf (3.10-2) xenial bionic cosmic; urgency=low
+
+  * GF 3.10
+
+ -- Thomas Hallgren <hallgren@chalmers.se>  Fri,  5 Mar 2019 16:00:00 +0100
+
+gf (3.10-1) xenial bionic cosmic; urgency=low
+
+  * GF 3.10
+
+ -- Thomas Hallgren <hallgren@chalmers.se>  Fri,  2 Dec 2018 15:00:00 +0100
+
 gf (3.9-1) vivid xenial zesty; urgency=low
 
   * GF 3.9

debian/control

@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ Section: devel
 Priority: optional
 Maintainer: Thomas Hallgren <hallgren@chalmers.se>
 Standards-Version: 3.9.2
-Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 5), haskell-platform (>= 2011.2.0.1), libghc-haskeline-dev, libghc-mtl-dev, libghc-json-dev, autoconf, automake, libtool-bin, python-dev, java-sdk, txt2tags
+Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 5), haskell-platform (>= 2011.2.0.1), libghc-haskeline-dev, libghc-mtl-dev, libghc-json-dev, autoconf, automake, libtool-bin, python-dev, java-sdk
 Homepage: http://www.grammaticalframework.org/
 
 Package: gf
 Architecture: any
 Depends: ${shlibs:Depends}
 Description: Tools for GF, a grammar formalism based on type theory
- Grammatical Framework (GF) is a grammar formalism based on type theory. 
+ Grammatical Framework (GF) is a grammar formalism based on type theory.
  It consists of a special-purpose programming language,
  a compiler of the language, and a generic grammar processor.
  .

debian/rules

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/make -f
 
-%: 
+%:
 	+dh $@
 
 #dh_shlibdeps has a problem finding which package some of the Haskell
@@ -13,19 +13,6 @@
 override_dh_shlibdeps:
 	dh_shlibdeps --dpkg-shlibdeps-params=--ignore-missing-info
 
-override_dh_auto_build:
-	cd src/runtime/python && EXTRA_INCLUDE_DIRS=$(CURDIR)/src/runtime/c EXTRA_LIB_DIRS=$(CURDIR)/src/runtime/c/.libs python setup.py build
-	cd src/runtime/java && make CFLAGS="-I$(CURDIR)/src/runtime/c -L$(CURDIR)/src/runtime/c/.libs" INSTALL_PATH=/usr/lib
-	echo LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$(CURDIR)/src/runtime/c/.libs
-	LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$(CURDIR)/src/runtime/c/.libs cabal build
-	make html
-
-override_dh_auto_clean:
-	rm -fr dist/build
-	-cd src/runtime/python && rm -fr build
-	-cd src/runtime/java && make clean
-	-cd src/runtime/c && make clean
-
 override_dh_auto_configure:
 	cd src/runtime/c && bash setup.sh configure --prefix=/usr
 	cd src/runtime/c && bash setup.sh build
@@ -33,13 +20,27 @@ override_dh_auto_configure:
 	cabal install --only-dependencies
 	cabal configure --prefix=/usr -fserver -fc-runtime --extra-lib-dirs=$(CURDIR)/src/runtime/c/.libs --extra-include-dirs=$(CURDIR)/src/runtime/c
 
+SET_LDL=LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$(CURDIR)/src/runtime/c/.libs
+
+override_dh_auto_build:
+	cd src/runtime/python && EXTRA_INCLUDE_DIRS=$(CURDIR)/src/runtime/c EXTRA_LIB_DIRS=$(CURDIR)/src/runtime/c/.libs python setup.py build
+	cd src/runtime/java && make CFLAGS="-I$(CURDIR)/src/runtime/c -L$(CURDIR)/src/runtime/c/.libs" INSTALL_PATH=/usr
+	echo $(SET_LDL)
+	-$(SET_LDL) cabal build
+
 override_dh_auto_install:
-	LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$(CURDIR)/src/runtime/c/.libs cabal copy --destdir=$(CURDIR)/debian/gf
+	$(SET_LDL) cabal copy --destdir=$(CURDIR)/debian/gf
 	cd src/runtime/c && bash setup.sh copy prefix=$(CURDIR)/debian/gf/usr
 	cd src/runtime/python && python setup.py install --prefix=$(CURDIR)/debian/gf/usr
-	cd src/runtime/java && make INSTALL_PATH=$(CURDIR)/debian/gf/usr/lib install
+	cd src/runtime/java && make INSTALL_PATH=$(CURDIR)/debian/gf/usr install
 	D="`find debian/gf -name site-packages`" && [ -n "$$D" ] && cd $$D && cd .. && mv site-packages dist-packages
 
+override_dh_auto_clean:
+	rm -fr dist/build
+	-cd src/runtime/python && rm -fr build
+	-cd src/runtime/java && make clean
+	-cd src/runtime/c && make clean
+
 override_dh_auto_test:
 ifneq (nocheck,$(filter nocheck,$(DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS)))
 	true

doc/Makefile

@@ -1,18 +1,3 @@
-resource:
-	gfdoc -txt2 ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/*.gf
-	gfdoc -txt2 ../lib/resource-1.0/*/Paradigms*.gf
-	txt2tags --toc resource.txt
-#	cat resource-preamble resource.tex >final-resource.tex
-	sed -i 's/\\docum/%\\docum/g' resource.tex
-	sed -i 's/ion\*{/ion{/g' resource.tex
-	sed -i 's/\\paragraph{}//g' resource.tex
-	sed -i 's/}\\\\/}/g' resource.tex
-	cat resource-preamble resource.tex >resource.tmp
-	mv resource.tmp resource.tex
-	latex resource.tex
-	latex resource.tex
-	dvipdf resource.dvi
-
 gf-help-full.txt::
 	{ echo ; echo ; echo ; } > $@
 	echo help -full -t2t | gf -run >> $@

doc/error-messages.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+Compiler.hs
+mainGFC :: Options -> [FilePath] -> IO ()
+                 _ | null fs -> fail $ "No input files."
+                 _ | all (extensionIs ".pgf") fs -> unionPGFFiles opts fs
+                 _ -> fail $ "Don't know what to do with these input files: " ++ unwords fs)
+
+
+----------------------------------------
+Compile.hs
+
+compileModule
+                       case length file1s of
+                         0 -> raise (render ("Unable to find: " $$ nest 2 candidates))
+                         1 -> do return $ head file1s
+                         _ -> do putIfVerb opts1 ("matched multiple candidates: " +++ show file1s)
+                                 return $ head file1s
+               else raise (render ("File" <+> file <+> "does not exist"))
+
+---------------------------------------
+Grammar.Lexer.x
+token :: P Token
+        AlexError (AI pos _ _) -> PFailed pos "lexical error"
+
+
+---------------------------------------
+Grammar.Parser.y
+
+happyError = fail "syntax error"
+
+tryLoc (c,mty,Just e) = return (c,(mty,e))
+tryLoc (c,_  ,_     ) = fail ("local definition of" +++ showIdent c +++ "without value")
+
+mkR []       = return $ RecType [] --- empty record always interpreted as record type
+mkR fs@(f:_) =
+  case f of
+    (lab,Just ty,Nothing) -> mapM tryRT fs >>= return . RecType
+    _                     -> mapM tryR  fs >>= return . R
+  where
+    tryRT (lab,Just ty,Nothing) = return (ident2label lab,ty)
+    tryRT (lab,_      ,_      ) = fail $ "illegal record type field" +++ showIdent lab --- manifest fields ?!
+
+    tryR (lab,mty,Just t) = return (ident2label lab,(mty,t))
+    tryR (lab,_  ,_     ) = fail $ "illegal record field" +++ showIdent lab
+
+
+---------------------------------------
+ModDeps.hs
+
+mkSourceGrammar :: [SourceModule] -> Err SourceGrammar
+  deplist <- either 
+               return 
+               (\ms -> Bad $ "circular modules" +++ unwords (map show ms)) $ 
+
+
+checkUniqueImportNames :: [Ident] -> SourceModInfo -> Err ()
+   test ms = testErr (all (`notElem` ns) ms)
+                     ("import names clashing with module names among" +++ unwords (map prt ms))
+
+
+moduleDeps :: [SourceModule] -> Err Dependencies
+  deps (c,m) = errIn ("checking dependencies of module" +++ prt c) $ case mtype m of
+      MTConcrete a -> do
+        am <- lookupModuleType gr a
+        testErr (mtype am == MTAbstract) "the of-module is not an abstract syntax" 
+
+    testErr (all (compatMType ety . mtype) ests) "inappropriate extension module type" 
+
+
+---------------------------------------
+Update.hs
+
+buildAnyTree
+        Just i  -> case unifyAnyInfo m i j of
+		     Ok k  -> go (Map.insert c k map) is
+		     Bad _ -> fail $ render ("conflicting information in module"<+>m $$
+		                             nest 4 (ppJudgement Qualified (c,i)) $$
+		                             "and" $+$
+		                             nest 4 (ppJudgement Qualified (c,j)))
+extendModule
+    unless (sameMType (mtype m) (mtype mo)) 
+            (checkError ("illegal extension type to module" <+> name))
+
+rebuildModule
+      unless (null is || mstatus mi == MSIncomplete) 
+             (checkError ("module" <+> i <+> 
+                          "has open interfaces and must therefore be declared incomplete"))
+
+         unless (isModRes m1)
+                 (checkError ("interface expected instead of" <+> i0))
+          js' <- extendMod gr False ((i0,m1), isInherited mincl) i (jments mi)
+
+     unless (stat' == MSComplete || stat == MSIncomplete) 
+             (checkError ("module" <+> i <+> "remains incomplete"))
+
+
+extendMod
+		                                 checkError ("cannot unify the information" $$ 
+		                                             nest 4 (ppJudgement Qualified (c,i)) $$
+		                                             "in module" <+> name <+> "with" $$
+		                                             nest 4 (ppJudgement Qualified (c,j)) $$
+		                                             "in module" <+> base)
+
+unifyAnyInfo
+  (ResValue (L l1 t1), ResValue (L l2 t2)) 
+      | t1==t2    -> return (ResValue (L l1 t1))
+      | otherwise -> fail ""
+
+  (AnyInd b1 m1, AnyInd b2 m2) -> do
+    testErr (b1 == b2) $ "indirection status"
+    testErr (m1 == m2) $ "different sources of indirection"
+
+unifAbsDefs _         _         = fail ""
+
+----------------------------------
+
+Rename.hs
+
+renameIdentTerm'
+        _    -> case lookupTreeManyAll showIdent opens c of
+                  [f]  -> return (f c)
+                  []   -> alt c ("constant not found:" <+> c $$
+                                 "given" <+> fsep (punctuate ',' (map fst qualifs)))
+
+                           ts@(t:_) -> do checkWarn ("atomic term" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 t0 $$
+                                                      "conflict" <+> hsep (punctuate ',' (map (ppTerm Qualified 0) ts)) $$
+                                                      "given" <+> fsep (punctuate ',' (map fst qualifs)))
+                                           return t
+
+renameInfo
+    renLoc ren (L loc x) =
+      checkInModule cwd mi loc ("Happened in the renaming of" <+> i) $ do
+
+renameTerm
+      | otherwise -> checks [ renid' (Q (MN r,label2ident l))      -- .. and qualified expression second.
+                            , renid' t >>= \t -> return (P t l) -- try as a constant at the end
+                            , checkError ("unknown qualified constant" <+> trm)
+                            ]
+
+renamePattern env patt =
+    do r@(p',vs) <- renp patt
+       let dupl = vs \\ nub vs
+       unless (null dupl) $ checkError (hang ("[C.4.13] Pattern is not linear:") 4
+                                             patt)
+       return r
+
+       case c' of
+          Q d -> renp $ PM d
+          _ -> checkError ("unresolved pattern" <+> patt)
+
+          Q  _ -> checkError ("data constructor expected but" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 c' <+> "is found instead")
+          _    -> checkError ("unresolved data constructor" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 c')
+
+      PM c -> do
+        x <- renid (Q c)
+        c' <- case x of
+                (Q c') -> return c'
+                _      -> checkError ("not a pattern macro" <+> ppPatt Qualified 0 patt)
+
+     PV x -> checks [ renid' (Vr x) >>= \t' -> case t' of
+                                                 QC c -> return (PP c [],[])
+                                                 _    -> checkError (pp "not a constructor")
+                     , return (patt, [x])
+ 
+
+
+-----------------------------------
+CheckGrammar.hs
+
+checkRestrictedInheritance :: FilePath -> SourceGrammar -> SourceModule -> Check ()
+     let illegals = [(f,is) | 
+           (f,cs) <- allDeps, incld f, let is = filter illegal cs, not (null is)]
+     case illegals of 
+       [] -> return ()
+       cs -> checkWarn ("In inherited module" <+> i <> ", dependence of excluded constants:" $$
+                         nest 2 (vcat [f <+> "on" <+> fsep is | (f,is) <- cs]))
+
+checkCompleteGrammar :: Options -> FilePath -> Grammar -> Module -> Module -> Check Module
+                       case info of
+                         CncCat (Just (L loc (RecType []))) _ _ _ _ -> return (foldr (\_ -> Abs Explicit identW) (R []) cxt)
+                         _                                          -> Bad "no def lin"
+
+         where noLinOf c = checkWarn ("no linearization of" <+> c)
+
+         Ok (CncCat Nothing md mr mp mpmcfg) -> do
+           checkWarn ("no linearization type for" <+> c <> ", inserting default {s : Str}")
+           return $ updateTree (c,CncCat (Just (L NoLoc defLinType)) md mr mp mpmcfg) js
+         _ -> do
+           checkWarn ("no linearization type for" <+> c <> ", inserting default {s : Str}")
+
+                             _       -> do checkWarn ("function" <+> c <+> "is not in abstract")
+
+           Ok (_,AbsFun {}) ->
+                   checkError ("lincat:"<+>c<+>"is a fun, not a cat")
+           -}
+           _ -> do checkWarn ("category" <+> c <+> "is not in abstract")
+
+checkInfo :: Options -> FilePath -> SourceGrammar -> SourceModule -> Ident -> Info -> Check Info
+         (Just (L loct ty), Nothing) -> do
+           chIn loct "operation" $
+             checkError (pp "No definition given to the operation")
+
+    ResOverload os tysts -> chIn NoLoc "overloading" $ do
+    
+       checkUniq xss = case xss of
+     x:y:xs 
+      | x == y    -> checkError $ "ambiguous for type" <+>
+                                  ppType (mkFunType (tail x) (head x))
+
+   compAbsTyp g t = case t of
+     Vr x -> maybe (checkError ("no value given to variable" <+> x)) return $ lookup x g
+
+checkReservedId x =
+  when (isReservedWord x) $
+       checkWarn ("reserved word used as identifier:" <+> x)
+
+
+--------------------------------
+TypeCheck/Abstract.hs
+
+grammar2theory :: SourceGrammar -> Theory
+  Bad s -> case lookupCatContext gr m f of
+    Ok cont -> return $ cont2val cont
+    _ -> Bad s
+
+
+--------------------------------
+TypeCheck/ConcreteNew.hs
+-- Concrete.hs has all its code commented out
+
+
+--------------------------------
+TypeCheck/RConcrete.hs
+-- seems to be used more than ConcreteNew
+
+computeLType :: SourceGrammar -> Context -> Type -> Check Type
+   AdHocOverload ts -> do
+     over <- getOverload gr g (Just typeType) t
+     case over of
+       Just (tr,_) -> return tr
+       _ -> checkError ("unresolved overloading of constants" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 t) 
+
+inferLType :: SourceGrammar -> Context -> Term -> Check (Term, Type)
+   Q (m,ident) | isPredef m -> termWith trm $ case typPredefined ident of
+                                                Nothing -> checkError ("unknown in Predef:" <+> ident)
+
+   Q ident -> checks [
+     checkError ("cannot infer type of constant" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
+     ]
+
+   QC ident -> checks [
+       checkError ("cannot infer type of canonical constant" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
+       ]
+
+   Vr ident -> termWith trm $ checkLookup ident g
+
+   AdHocOverload ts -> do
+       _ -> checkError ("unresolved overloading of constants" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 trm) 
+
+   App f a -> do
+         case fty' of
+           Prod bt z arg val -> do 
+           _ -> checkError ("A function type is expected for" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 f <+> "instead of type" <+> ppType fty)
+
+   S f x -> do
+       _ -> checkError ("table lintype expected for the table in" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm))
+
+   P t i -> do
+                       Nothing -> checkError ("unknown label" <+> i <+> "in" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 ty'))
+       _          -> checkError ("record type expected for:" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 t $$
+                                 " instead of the inferred:" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ty')
+
+   R r -> do
+     checkCond ("cannot infer type of record" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)) (length ts == length fsts)
+
+   T ti pts -> do  -- tries to guess: good in oper type inference
+       [] -> checkError ("cannot infer table type of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
+
+   ---- hack from Rename.identRenameTerm, to live with files with naming conflicts 18/6/2007
+   Strs (Cn c : ts) | c == cConflict -> do
+     checkWarn ("unresolved constant, could be any of" <+> hcat (map (ppTerm Unqualified 0) ts))
+
+   ExtR r s -> do
+     case (rT', sT') of
+       (RecType rs, RecType ss) -> do
+       _ -> checkError ("records or record types expected in" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
+
+   _ -> checkError ("cannot infer lintype of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
+
+
+getOverload :: SourceGrammar -> Context -> Maybe Type -> Term -> Check (Maybe (Term,Type))
+   matchOverload f typs ttys = do
+         checkWarn $  "ignoring lock fields in resolving" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ot $$
+                      "for" $$
+                      nest 2 (showTypes tys) $$
+                      "using" $$
+                      nest 2 (showTypes pre)
+       ([],[]) -> do
+         checkError $ "no overload instance of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 f $$
+                      "for" $$
+                      nest 2 stysError $$
+                      "among" $$
+                      nest 2 (vcat stypsError) $$
+                      maybe empty (\x -> "with value type" <+> ppType x) mt
+        ([],[(val,fun)]) -> do
+           checkWarn ("ignoring lock fields in resolving" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ot) 
+         (nps1,nps2) -> do 
+              checkWarn $  "ambiguous overloading of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 f <+>
+                  ----     "with argument types" <+> hsep (map (ppTerm Qualified 0) tys) $$ 
+                           "resolved by selecting the first of the alternatives" $$
+                           nest 2 (vcat [ppTerm Qualified 0 fun | (_,ty,fun) <- vfs1 ++ if null vfs1 then vfs2 else []])
+              case [(mkApp fun tts,val) | (val,fun) <- nps1 ++ nps2] of
+                 [] -> checkError $ "no alternatives left when resolving" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 f
+ 
+checkLType :: SourceGrammar -> Context -> Term -> Type -> Check (Term, Type)
+    Abs bt x c -> do
+      case typ of
+        Prod bt' z a b -> do 
+        _ -> checkError $ "function type expected instead of" <+> ppType typ
+    AdHocOverload ts -> do
+        _ -> checkError ("unresolved overloading of constants" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 trm) 
+    T _ [] ->
+      checkError ("found empty table in type" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ)
+    T _ cs -> case typ of 
+              else checkWarn ("patterns never reached:" $$
+                              nest 2 (vcat (map (ppPatt Unqualified 0) ps)))
+      _ -> checkError $ "table type expected for table instead of" $$ nest 2 (ppType typ)
+    V arg0 vs ->
+              if length vs1 == length vs
+                 then return ()
+                 else checkError $ "wrong number of values in table" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm
+
+    R r -> case typ of --- why needed? because inference may be too difficult
+       RecType rr -> do
+       _ -> checkError ("record type expected in type checking instead of" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ))
+
+    ExtR r s -> case typ of
+         case trm' of
+           RecType _ -> termWith trm' $ return typeType
+           ExtR (Vr _) (RecType _) -> termWith trm' $ return typeType 
+                                      -- ext t = t ** ...
+           _ -> checkError ("invalid record type extension" <+> nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm))
+
+             case typ2 of
+               RecType ss -> return $ map fst ss
+               _ ->  checkError ("cannot get labels from" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ2))
+       _ -> checkError ("record extension not meaningful for" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ)
+
+    S tab arg -> checks [ do
+        _ -> checkError ("table type expected for applied table instead of" <+> ppType ty')
+
+    _ -> do
+      (trm',ty') <- inferLType gr g trm
+      termWith trm' $ checkEqLType gr g typ ty' trm'
+
+   checkM rms (l,ty) = case lookup l rms of
+     _ -> checkError $ 
+            if isLockLabel l 
+              then let cat = drop 5 (showIdent (label2ident l))
+                   in ppTerm Unqualified 0 (R rms) <+> "is not in the lincat of" <+> cat <> 
+                      "; try wrapping it with lin" <+> cat
+              else "cannot find value for label" <+> l <+> "in" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 (R rms)
+
+checkEqLType :: SourceGrammar -> Context -> Type -> Type -> Term -> Check Type
+    False -> checkError $ s <+> "type of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm $$
+                          "expected:" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 t $$ -- ppqType t u $$
+                          "inferred:" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 u -- ppqType u t
+
+checkIfEqLType :: SourceGrammar -> Context -> Type -> Type -> Term -> Check (Bool,Type,Type,String)
+      Ok lo -> do
+        checkWarn $ "missing lock field" <+> fsep lo
+
+   missingLock g t u = case (t,u) of  
+         _:_ -> Bad $ render ("missing record fields:" <+> fsep (punctuate ',' (others)))
+
+
+
+pattContext :: SourceGrammar -> Context -> Type -> Patt -> Check Context
+    checkCond ("wrong number of arguments for constructor in" <+> ppPatt Unqualified 0 p) 
+              (length cont == length ps)
+  PR r -> do
+      _ -> checkError ("record type expected for pattern instead of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ')
+
+  PAlt p' q -> do
+    g1 <- pattContext env g typ p'
+    g2 <- pattContext env g typ q
+    let pts = nub ([x | pt@(_,x,_) <- g1, notElem pt g2] ++ [x | pt@(_,x,_) <- g2, notElem pt g1])
+    checkCond 
+      ("incompatible bindings of" <+>
+       fsep pts <+> 
+       "in pattern alterantives" <+> ppPatt Unqualified 0 p) (null pts) 
+    return g1 -- must be g1 == g2
+    
+   noBind typ p' = do
+    co <- pattContext env g typ p'
+    if not (null co)
+      then checkWarn ("no variable bound inside pattern" <+> ppPatt Unqualified 0 p) 
+           >> return []
+      else return []
+
+checkLookup :: Ident -> Context -> Check Type -- used for looking up Vr x type in context
+    []     -> checkError ("unknown variable" <+> x)
+ 
+
+
+-------------------------------
+Grammar/Lookup.hs
+
+lookupIdent :: ErrorMonad m => Ident -> BinTree Ident b -> m b
+    Bad _ -> raise ("unknown identifier" +++ showIdent c)
+
+lookupResDefLoc
+        _   -> raise $ render (c <+> "is not defined in resource" <+> m)
+
+lookupResType :: ErrorMonad m => Grammar -> QIdent -> m Type
+    _   -> raise $ render (c <+> "has no type defined in resource" <+> m)
+
+lookupOverloadTypes :: ErrorMonad m => Grammar -> QIdent -> m [(Term,Type)]
+    _            -> raise $ render (c <+> "has no types defined in resource" <+> m)
+
+lookupOverload :: ErrorMonad m => Grammar -> QIdent -> m [([Type],(Type,Term))]
+      _   -> raise $ render (c <+> "is not an overloaded operation")
+
+
+lookupParamValues :: ErrorMonad m => Grammar -> QIdent -> m [Term]
+  case info of
+    ResParam _ (Just pvs) -> return pvs
+    _                     -> raise $ render (ppQIdent Qualified c <+> "has no parameter values defined")
+
+
+allParamValues :: ErrorMonad m => Grammar -> Type -> m [Term]
+    _ -> raise (render ("cannot find parameter values for" <+> ptyp))
+
+
+lookupFunType :: ErrorMonad m => Grammar -> ModuleName -> Ident -> m Type
+    _                           -> raise (render ("cannot find type of" <+> c))
+
+lookupCatContext :: ErrorMonad m => Grammar -> ModuleName -> Ident -> m Context
+    _                      -> raise (render ("unknown category" <+> c))
+
+
+-------------------------
+PatternMatch.hs
+
+matchPattern :: ErrorMonad m => [(Patt,rhs)] -> Term -> m (rhs, Substitution)
+  if not (isInConstantForm term)
+    then raise (render ("variables occur in" <+> pp term))
+
+findMatch :: ErrorMonad m => [([Patt],rhs)] -> [Term] -> m (rhs, Substitution)
+   [] -> raise (render ("no applicable case for" <+> hsep (punctuate ',' terms)))
+   (patts,_):_ | length patts /= length terms -> 
+       raise (render ("wrong number of args for patterns :" <+> hsep patts <+> 
+                    "cannot take" <+> hsep terms))
+
+tryMatch :: (Patt, Term) -> Err [(Ident, Term)]
+      (PNeg p',_) -> case tryMatch (p',t) of
+        Bad _ -> return []
+        _ -> raise (render ("no match with negative pattern" <+> p))
+
+
+---------------------------------------------
+Compile.Optimize.hs
+
+mkLinDefault :: SourceGrammar -> Type -> Err Term
+                            _   -> Bad (render ("no parameter values given to type" <+> ppQIdent Qualified p))
+     _ -> Bad (render ("linearization type field cannot be" <+> typ))
+
+mkLinReference :: SourceGrammar -> Type -> Err Term
+                            []     -> Bad "no string"
+
+
+---------------------------------------------
+Compile.Compute.Concrete.hs
+
+nfx env@(GE _ _ _ loc) t = do
+    Left i  -> fail ("variable #"++show i++" is out of scope")
+
+var :: CompleteEnv -> Ident -> Err OpenValue
+var env x = maybe unbound pick' (elemIndex x (local env))
+  where
+    unbound = fail ("Unknown variable: "++showIdent x)
+    pick' i = return $ \ vs -> maybe (err i vs) ok (pick i vs)
+    err i vs = bug $ "Stack problem: "++showIdent x++": "
+                    ++unwords (map showIdent (local env))
+                    ++" => "++show (i,length vs)
+
+resource env (m,c) =
+  where e = fail $ "Not found: "++render m++"."++showIdent c
+
+extR t vv =
+      (VRecType rs1, VRecType rs2) ->
+          case intersect (map fst rs1) (map fst rs2) of
+            [] -> VRecType (rs1 ++ rs2)
+            ls -> error $ "clash"<+>show ls
+      (v1,v2) -> error $ "not records" $$ show v1 $$ show v2
+  where
+    error explain = ppbug $ "The term" <+> t
+                            <+> "is not reducible" $$ explain
+ 
+glue env (v1,v2) = glu v1 v2
+                                         ppL loc (hang "unsupported token gluing:" 4
+                                                        (Glue (vt v1) (vt v2)))
+
+strsFromValue :: Value -> Err [Str]
+  _ -> fail ("cannot get Str from value " ++ show t)
+
+match loc cs v = 
+  case value2term loc [] v of
+    Left i  -> bad ("variable #"++show i++" is out of scope")
+    Right t -> err bad return (matchPattern cs t)
+  where
+    bad = fail . ("In pattern matching: "++)
+
+    inlinePattMacro p =
+                        VPatt p' -> inlinePattMacro p'
+                        _ -> ppbug $ hang "Expected pattern macro:" 4
+
+linPattVars p =
+    if null dups
+    then return pvs
+    else fail.render $ hang "Pattern is not linear:" 4 (ppPatt Unqualified 0 p)
+
+---------------------------------------------
+Compile.Compute.Abstract.hs
+
+
+---------------------------------------------
+PGF.Linearize.hs
+
+bracketedLinearize :: PGF -> Language -> Tree -> [BracketedString]
+    cnc = lookMap (error "no lang") lang (concretes pgf)
+
+
+---------------------------------------------
+PGF.TypeCheck.hs
+
+ppTcError :: TcError -> Doc
+ppTcError (UnknownCat cat)             = text "Category" <+> ppCId cat <+> text "is not in scope"
+ppTcError (UnknownFun fun)             = text "Function" <+> ppCId fun <+> text "is not in scope"
+ppTcError (WrongCatArgs xs ty cat m n) = text "Category" <+> ppCId cat <+> text "should have" <+> int m <+> text "argument(s), but has been given" <+> int n $$
+                                         text "In the type:" <+> ppType 0 xs ty
+ppTcError (TypeMismatch xs e ty1 ty2)  = text "Couldn't match expected type" <+> ppType 0 xs ty1 $$
+                                         text "       against inferred type" <+> ppType 0 xs ty2 $$
+                                         text "In the expression:" <+> ppExpr 0 xs e
+ppTcError (NotFunType xs e ty)         = text "A function type is expected for the expression" <+> ppExpr 0 xs e <+> text "instead of type" <+> ppType 0 xs ty
+ppTcError (CannotInferType xs e)       = text "Cannot infer the type of expression" <+> ppExpr 0 xs e
+ppTcError (UnresolvedMetaVars xs e ms) = text "Meta variable(s)" <+> fsep (List.map ppMeta ms) <+> text "should be resolved" $$
+                                         text "in the expression:" <+> ppExpr 0 xs e
+ppTcError (UnexpectedImplArg xs e)     = braces (ppExpr 0 xs e) <+> text "is implicit argument but not implicit argument is expected here"
+ppTcError (UnsolvableGoal xs metaid ty)= text "The goal:" <+> ppMeta metaid <+> colon <+> ppType 0 xs ty $$
+                                         text "cannot be solved"
+

doc/errors/gluing.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+## unsupported token gluing `foo + bar`
+
+There was a problem in an expression using +, e.g. `foo + bar`.
+This can be due to two causes, check which one applies in your case.
+
+1. You are trying to use + on runtime arguments. Even if you are using
+`foo + bar` in an oper, make sure that the oper isn't called in a
+linearization that takes arguments. Both of the following are illegal:
+
+    lin Test foo bar = foo.s + bar.s          -- explicit + in a lin
+    lin Test foo bar = opWithPlus foo bar     -- the oper uses +
+
+2. One of the arguments in `foo + bar` is a bound variable
+from pattern matching a string, but the cases are non-exhaustive.
+Example:
+    case "test" of {
+      x + "a" => x + "b"   -- no applicable case for "test", so x = ???
+    } ;
+
+You can fix this by adding a catch-all case in the end:
+    { x + "a" => x + "b" ;
+      _       => "default case" } ;
+
+3. If neither applies to your problem, submit a bug report and we
+will update the error message and this documentation.
+
+    https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/issues

doc/gf-developers.t2t

@@ -1,16 +1,8 @@
 GF Developers Guide
-Authors: Björn Bringert, Krasimir Angelov and Thomas Hallgren
-Last update: %%mtime(%F, %H:%M)
 
-% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
-% Create an html file from this file using:
-% txt2tags -t html gf-developers.t2t
+2018-07-26
 
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!target:html
 %!options(html): --toc
-%!encoding:utf-8
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
 
 == Before you start ==
 
@@ -63,18 +55,6 @@ Other required tools included in the Haskell Platform are
 and
 [Happy http://www.haskell.org/happy/].
 
-%=== Darcs ===
-%
-%To get the GF source code, you also need //Darcs//, version 2 or later.
-%Darcs 2.10 is recommended (July 2015).
-%
-%//Darcs//
-%is a distributed version control system, see http://darcs.net/ for
-%more information. There are precompiled packages for many platforms
-%available and source code if you want to compile it yourself. Darcs
-%is also written in Haskell and so you can use GHC to compile it.
-
-
 === Git ===
 
 To get the GF source code, you also need //Git//.
@@ -411,6 +391,8 @@ bindings are found in the ``src/runtime/python`` and ``src/runtime/java``
 directories, respecively. Compile them by following the instructions in
 the ``INSTALL`` files in those directories.
 
+The Python library can also be installed from PyPI using `pip install pgf`.
+
 == Compilation of RGL ==
 
 As of 2018-07-26, the RGL is distributed separately from the GF compiler and runtimes.
@@ -425,13 +407,13 @@ There is also ``make build``, ``make copy`` and ``make clean`` which do what you
 === Advanced ===
 For advanced build options, call the Haskell build script directly:
 ```
-$ runghc Make.hs ...
+$ runghc Setup.hs ...
 ```
 For more details see the [README https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl/blob/master/README.md].
 
 === Haskell-free ===
-If you do not have Haskell installed, you can use the simple build script ``Make.sh``
-(or ``Make.bat`` for Windows).
+If you do not have Haskell installed, you can use the simple build script ``Setup.sh``
+(or ``Setup.bat`` for Windows).
 
 
 == Creating binary distribution packages ==

doc/gf-editor-modes.t2t

@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 Editor modes & IDE integration for GF
 
 
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!options(html): --toc
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"><TITLE>
-%!encoding:utf-8
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-
 We collect GF modes for various editors on this page. Contributions are
 welcome!
 

doc/gf-faq.t2t

@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-Grammatical Framework: Frequently Asked Quuestions
-Aarne Ranta
-%%date(%c)
-
-% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
-% Create an html file from this file using:
-% txt2tags gf-bibliography.t2t
-
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!target:html
-%!options(html): --toc
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"><TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): #BR <br>
-%!encoding:utf-8
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-
-
-===What has been done with GF?===
-
-**Translation**: systems with any number of parallel languages, with input in one language and output in all the others.
-
-**Natural language generation** (NLG): translation from a formal language to natural languages.
-
-**Ontology verbalization** is a special case of NLG.
-
-**Language training**: grammar and vocabulary training systems.
-
-**Human-computer interaction**: natural language interfaces, spoken dialogue systems.
-
-**Linguistics**: comparisons between languages.
-
-
-
-===What parts does GF have?===
-
-A **grammar compiler**, used for compiling grammars to parsing, generation, and translation code. 
-
-A **run-time system**, used for parsing, generation and translation. The run-time system is available in several languages:
-Haskell, Java, C, C++, Javascript, and Python. The point with this is that you can include GF-based parsing and generation in 
-larger programs written in any of these languages.
-
-A **resource grammar library**, containing the morphology and basic syntax of currently 26 languages.
-
-A **web application toolkit**, containing server-side (Haskell) and client-side (Javascript) libraries.
-
-An **integrated development environment**, the GF-Eclipse plug-in.
-
-A **shell**, i.e. a command interpreter for testing and developing GF grammars. This is the program started by the command ``gf`` in a terminal.
-
-
-
-===Is GF open-source?===
-
-
-===Can I use GF for commercial applications?===
-
-Yes. Those parts of GF that you will need to distribute - the run-time system and the libraries - are licensed under LGPL and BSD; it's up to you to choose which. 
-
-
-
-===When was GF started?===
-
-
-===Where does the name GF come from?===
-
-GF = Grammatical Framework = LF + concrete syntax
-
-LF = Logical Framework
-
-Logical Frameworks are implementations of type theory, which have been built since the 1980's to support formalized mathematics. GF has its roots in
-type theory, which is widely used in the semantics of natural language. Some of these ideas were first implemented in ALF, Another Logical Framework,
-in 1992; the book //Type-Theoretical Grammar// (by A. Ranta, OUP 1994) has a chapter and an appendix on this. The first implementations did not have
-a parser, and GF proper, started in 1998, was an implementation of yet another LF together with concrete syntax supporting generation and parsing.
-Grammatical Framework was a natural name for this. We tried to avoid it in the beginning, because it sounded pretentious in its generality. But the
-name was just too natural to be avoided. 
-
-
-
-===Is GF backward compatible?===
-
-
-
-===Do I need Haskell to use GF?===
-
-No. GF is a language of its own, and you don't need to know Haskell. And if you download the GF binary, you don't need any Haskell tools. But if you want to
-become a GF developer, then it's better you install GF from the latest source, and then you need the GHC Haskell compiler to compile GF. But even then, you
-don't need to know Haskell yourself.
-
-
-===What is a lock field?===
-

doc/gf-help-full.txt

@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ metavariables and the type of the expression.
 Prints a set of strings in the .dot format (the graphviz format).
 The graph can be saved in a file by the wf command as usual.
 If the -view flag is defined, the graph is saved in a temporary file
-which is processed by graphviz and displayed by the program indicated
-by the flag. The target format is postscript, unless overridden by the
-flag -format.
+which is processed by 'dot' (graphviz) and displayed by the program indicated
+by the view flag. The target format is png, unless overridden by the
+flag -format. Results from multiple trees are combined to pdf with convert (ImageMagick).
 
 
 - Options:
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ of a pipe.
  | ``-one`` | pick the first strings, if there is any, from records and tables
  | ``-table`` | show all strings labelled by parameters
  | ``-unqual`` | hide qualifying module names
+ | ``-trace`` | trace computations
 
 
 #NORMAL
@@ -242,7 +243,7 @@ and thus cannot be a part of a pipe.
 
 ====e = empty====
 #NOINDENT
-``e`` = ``empty``: //empty the environment.//
+``e`` = ``empty``: //empty the environment (except the command history).//
 
 #TINY
 
@@ -281,6 +282,19 @@ but the resulting .gf file must be imported separately.
 #NORMAL
 
 
+#VSPACE
+
+====eh = execute_history====
+#NOINDENT
+``eh`` = ``execute_history``: //read commands from a file and execute them.//
+
+#TINY
+
+- Syntax: ``eh FILE``
+
+#NORMAL
+
+
 #VSPACE
 
 ====gr = generate_random====
@@ -434,12 +448,14 @@ sequences; see example.
  | ``-list`` | show all forms and variants, comma-separated on one line (cf. l -all)
  | ``-multi`` | linearize to all languages (default)
  | ``-table`` | show all forms labelled by parameters
+ | ``-tabtreebank`` | show the tree and its linearizations on a tab-separated line
  | ``-treebank`` | show the tree and tag linearizations with language names
  | ``-bind`` | bind tokens separated by Prelude.BIND, i.e. &+
  | ``-chars`` | lexer that makes every non-space character a token
  | ``-from_amharic`` | from unicode to GF Amharic transliteration
  | ``-from_ancientgreek`` | from unicode to GF ancient Greek transliteration
  | ``-from_arabic`` | from unicode to GF Arabic transliteration
+ | ``-from_arabic_unvocalized`` | from unicode to GF unvocalized Arabic transliteration
  | ``-from_cp1251`` | decode from cp1251 (Cyrillic used in Bulgarian resource)
  | ``-from_devanagari`` | from unicode to GF Devanagari transliteration
  | ``-from_greek`` | from unicode to GF modern Greek transliteration
@@ -453,11 +469,14 @@ sequences; see example.
  | ``-from_urdu`` | from unicode to GF Urdu transliteration
  | ``-from_utf8`` | decode from utf8 (default)
  | ``-lexcode`` | code-like lexer
+ | ``-lexgreek`` | lexer normalizing ancient Greek accentuation
+ | ``-lexgreek2`` | lexer normalizing ancient Greek accentuation for text with vowel length annotations
  | ``-lexmixed`` | mixture of text and code, as in LaTeX (code between $...$, \(...)\, \[...\])
  | ``-lextext`` | text-like lexer
  | ``-to_amharic`` | from GF Amharic transliteration to unicode
  | ``-to_ancientgreek`` | from GF ancient Greek transliteration to unicode
  | ``-to_arabic`` | from GF Arabic transliteration to unicode
+ | ``-to_arabic_unvocalized`` | from GF unvocalized Arabic transliteration to unicode
  | ``-to_cp1251`` | encode to cp1251 (Cyrillic used in Bulgarian resource)
  | ``-to_devanagari`` | from GF Devanagari transliteration to unicode
  | ``-to_greek`` | from GF modern Greek transliteration to unicode
@@ -473,6 +492,7 @@ sequences; see example.
  | ``-to_utf8`` | encode to utf8 (default)
  | ``-unchars`` | unlexer that puts no spaces between tokens
  | ``-unlexcode`` | code-like unlexer
+ | ``-unlexgreek`` | unlexer de-normalizing ancient Greek accentuation
  | ``-unlexmixed`` | mixture of text and code (code between $...$, \(...)\, \[...\])
  | ``-unlextext`` | text-like unlexer
  | ``-unwords`` | unlexer that puts a single space between tokens (default)
@@ -513,6 +533,7 @@ trees where a function node is a metavariable.
  | ``-from_amharic`` | from unicode to GF Amharic transliteration
  | ``-from_ancientgreek`` | from unicode to GF ancient Greek transliteration
  | ``-from_arabic`` | from unicode to GF Arabic transliteration
+ | ``-from_arabic_unvocalized`` | from unicode to GF unvocalized Arabic transliteration
  | ``-from_cp1251`` | decode from cp1251 (Cyrillic used in Bulgarian resource)
  | ``-from_devanagari`` | from unicode to GF Devanagari transliteration
  | ``-from_greek`` | from unicode to GF modern Greek transliteration
@@ -526,11 +547,14 @@ trees where a function node is a metavariable.
  | ``-from_urdu`` | from unicode to GF Urdu transliteration
  | ``-from_utf8`` | decode from utf8 (default)
  | ``-lexcode`` | code-like lexer
+ | ``-lexgreek`` | lexer normalizing ancient Greek accentuation
+ | ``-lexgreek2`` | lexer normalizing ancient Greek accentuation for text with vowel length annotations
  | ``-lexmixed`` | mixture of text and code, as in LaTeX (code between $...$, \(...)\, \[...\])
  | ``-lextext`` | text-like lexer
  | ``-to_amharic`` | from GF Amharic transliteration to unicode
  | ``-to_ancientgreek`` | from GF ancient Greek transliteration to unicode
  | ``-to_arabic`` | from GF Arabic transliteration to unicode
+ | ``-to_arabic_unvocalized`` | from GF unvocalized Arabic transliteration to unicode
  | ``-to_cp1251`` | encode to cp1251 (Cyrillic used in Bulgarian resource)
  | ``-to_devanagari`` | from GF Devanagari transliteration to unicode
  | ``-to_greek`` | from GF modern Greek transliteration to unicode
@@ -546,6 +570,7 @@ trees where a function node is a metavariable.
  | ``-to_utf8`` | encode to utf8 (default)
  | ``-unchars`` | unlexer that puts no spaces between tokens
  | ``-unlexcode`` | code-like unlexer
+ | ``-unlexgreek`` | unlexer de-normalizing ancient Greek accentuation
  | ``-unlexmixed`` | mixture of text and code (code between $...$, \(...)\, \[...\])
  | ``-unlextext`` | text-like unlexer
  | ``-unwords`` | unlexer that puts a single space between tokens (default)
@@ -666,10 +691,9 @@ command (flag -printer):
  fa		finite automaton in graphviz format
  gsl		Nuance speech recognition format
  haskell		Haskell (abstract syntax)
+ java		Java (abstract syntax)
  js		JavaScript (whole grammar)
  jsgf		JSGF speech recognition format
- lambda_prolog		LambdaProlog (abstract syntax)
- lp_byte_code		Bytecode for Teyjus (abstract syntax, experimental)
  pgf_pretty		human-readable pgf
  prolog		Prolog (whole grammar)
  python		Python (whole grammar)
@@ -753,6 +777,7 @@ To see transliteration tables, use command ut.
  | ``-from_amharic`` | from unicode to GF Amharic transliteration
  | ``-from_ancientgreek`` | from unicode to GF ancient Greek transliteration
  | ``-from_arabic`` | from unicode to GF Arabic transliteration
+ | ``-from_arabic_unvocalized`` | from unicode to GF unvocalized Arabic transliteration
  | ``-from_cp1251`` | decode from cp1251 (Cyrillic used in Bulgarian resource)
  | ``-from_devanagari`` | from unicode to GF Devanagari transliteration
  | ``-from_greek`` | from unicode to GF modern Greek transliteration
@@ -766,11 +791,14 @@ To see transliteration tables, use command ut.
  | ``-from_urdu`` | from unicode to GF Urdu transliteration
  | ``-from_utf8`` | decode from utf8 (default)
  | ``-lexcode`` | code-like lexer
+ | ``-lexgreek`` | lexer normalizing ancient Greek accentuation
+ | ``-lexgreek2`` | lexer normalizing ancient Greek accentuation for text with vowel length annotations
  | ``-lexmixed`` | mixture of text and code, as in LaTeX (code between $...$, \(...)\, \[...\])
  | ``-lextext`` | text-like lexer
  | ``-to_amharic`` | from GF Amharic transliteration to unicode
  | ``-to_ancientgreek`` | from GF ancient Greek transliteration to unicode
  | ``-to_arabic`` | from GF Arabic transliteration to unicode
+ | ``-to_arabic_unvocalized`` | from GF unvocalized Arabic transliteration to unicode
  | ``-to_cp1251`` | encode to cp1251 (Cyrillic used in Bulgarian resource)
  | ``-to_devanagari`` | from GF Devanagari transliteration to unicode
  | ``-to_greek`` | from GF modern Greek transliteration to unicode
@@ -786,6 +814,7 @@ To see transliteration tables, use command ut.
  | ``-to_utf8`` | encode to utf8 (default)
  | ``-unchars`` | unlexer that puts no spaces between tokens
  | ``-unlexcode`` | code-like unlexer
+ | ``-unlexgreek`` | unlexer de-normalizing ancient Greek accentuation
  | ``-unlexmixed`` | mixture of text and code (code between $...$, \(...)\, \[...\])
  | ``-unlextext`` | text-like unlexer
  | ``-unwords`` | unlexer that puts a single space between tokens (default)
@@ -799,13 +828,14 @@ To see transliteration tables, use command ut.
 
 - Examples:
 
- | ``l (EAdd 3 4) | ps -code`` | linearize code-like output
- | ``ps -lexer=code | p -cat=Exp`` | parse code-like input
+ | ``l (EAdd 3 4) | ps -unlexcode`` | linearize code-like output
+ | ``ps -lexcode | p -cat=Exp`` | parse code-like input
  | ``gr -cat=QCl | l | ps -bind`` | linearization output from LangFin
  | ``ps -to_devanagari "A-p"`` | show Devanagari in UTF8 terminal
  | ``rf -file=Hin.gf | ps -env=quotes -to_devanagari`` | convert translit to UTF8
  | ``rf -file=Ara.gf | ps -from_utf8 -env=quotes -from_arabic`` | convert UTF8 to transliteration
  | ``ps -to=chinese.trans "abc"`` | apply transliteration defined in file chinese.trans
+ | ``ps -lexgreek "a)gavoi` a)'nvrwpoi' tines*"`` | normalize ancient greek accentuation
 
 
 #NORMAL
@@ -828,7 +858,6 @@ are type checking and semantic computation.
 - Options:
 
  | ``-compute`` | compute by using semantic definitions (def)
- | ``-paraphrase`` | paraphrase by using semantic definitions (def)
  | ``-largest`` | sort trees from largest to smallest, in number of nodes
  | ``-nub`` | remove duplicate trees
  | ``-smallest`` | sort trees from smallest to largest, in number of nodes
@@ -838,12 +867,10 @@ are type checking and semantic computation.
 - Flags:
 
  | ``-number`` | take at most this many trees
- | ``-transfer`` | syntactic transfer by applying function, recursively in subtrees
 
 - Examples:
 
  | ``pt -compute (plus one two)`` | compute value
- | ``p "4 dogs love 5 cats" | pt -transfer=digits2numeral | l`` | four...five...
 
 
 #NORMAL
@@ -990,8 +1017,6 @@ This command requires a source grammar to be in scope, imported with 'import -re
 The operations include the parameter constructors that are in scope.
 The optional TYPE filters according to the value type.
 The grep STRINGs filter according to other substrings of the type signatures.
-This command must be a line of its own, and thus cannot be a part
-of a pipe.
 
 - Syntax: ``so (-grep=STRING)* TYPE?``
 - Options:
@@ -1002,6 +1027,12 @@ of a pipe.
 
  | ``-grep`` | substring used for filtering (the command can have many of these)
 
+- Examples:
+
+ | ``so Det`` | show all opers that create a Det
+ | ``so -grep=Prep`` | find opers relating to Prep
+ | ``so | wf -file=/tmp/opers`` | write the list of opers to a file
+
 
 #NORMAL
 
@@ -1113,6 +1144,7 @@ This command must be a line of its own, and thus cannot be a part of a pipe.
  | ``-amharic`` | Amharic
  | ``-ancientgreek`` | ancient Greek
  | ``-arabic`` | Arabic
+ | ``-arabic_unvocalized`` | unvocalized Arabic
  | ``-devanagari`` | Devanagari
  | ``-greek`` | modern Greek
  | ``-hebrew`` | unvocalized Hebrew
@@ -1137,35 +1169,41 @@ This command must be a line of its own, and thus cannot be a part of a pipe.
 #TINY
 
 Prints a dependency tree in the .dot format (the graphviz format, default)
+or LaTeX (flag -output=latex)
 or the CoNLL/MaltParser format (flag -output=conll for training, malt_input
 for unanalysed input).
 By default, the last argument is the head of every abstract syntax
 function; moreover, the head depends on the head of the function above.
 The graph can be saved in a file by the wf command as usual.
 If the -view flag is defined, the graph is saved in a temporary file
-which is processed by graphviz and displayed by the program indicated
-by the flag. The target format is png, unless overridden by the
-flag -format.
+which is processed by dot (graphviz) and displayed by the program indicated
+by the view flag. The target format is png, unless overridden by the
+flag -format. Results from multiple trees are combined to pdf with convert (ImageMagick).
+See also 'vp -showdep' for another visualization of dependencies.
 
 
 - Options:
 
  | ``-v`` | show extra information
+ | ``-conll2latex`` | convert conll to latex
 
 - Flags:
 
- | ``-file`` | configuration file for labels per fun, format 'fun l1 ... label ... l2'
- | ``-format`` | format of the visualization file (default "png")
- | ``-output`` | output format of graph source (default "dot")
- | ``-view`` | program to open the resulting file (default "open")
+ | ``-abslabels`` | abstract configuration file for labels, format per line 'fun label*'
+ | ``-cnclabels`` | concrete configuration file for labels, format per line 'fun {words|*} pos label head'
+ | ``-file`` | same as abslabels (abstract configuration file)
+ | ``-format`` | format of the visualization file using dot (default "png")
+ | ``-output`` | output format of graph source (latex, conll, dot (default but deprecated))
+ | ``-view`` | program to open the resulting graph file (default "open")
  | ``-lang`` | the language of analysis
 
 - Examples:
 
  | ``gr | vd`` | generate a tree and show dependency tree in .dot
- | ``gr | vd -view=open`` | generate a tree and display dependency tree on a Mac
- | ``gr -number=1000 | vd -file=dep.labels -output=malt`` | generate training treebank
- | ``gr -number=100 | vd -file=dep.labels -output=malt_input`` | generate test sentences
+ | ``gr | vd -view=open`` | generate a tree and display dependency tree on with Mac's 'open'
+ | ``gr | vd -view=open -output=latex`` | generate a tree and display latex dependency tree with Mac's 'open'
+ | ``gr -number=1000 | vd -abslabels=Lang.labels -cnclabels=LangSwe.labels -output=conll`` | generate a random treebank
+ | ``rf -file=ex.conll | vd -conll2latex | wf -file=ex.tex`` | convert conll file to latex
 
 
 #NORMAL
@@ -1182,15 +1220,16 @@ flag -format.
 Prints a parse tree in the .dot format (the graphviz format).
 The graph can be saved in a file by the wf command as usual.
 If the -view flag is defined, the graph is saved in a temporary file
-which is processed by graphviz and displayed by the program indicated
-by the flag. The target format is png, unless overridden by the
-flag -format.
+which is processed by dot (graphviz) and displayed by the program indicated
+by the view flag. The target format is png, unless overridden by the
+flag -format. Results from multiple trees are combined to pdf with convert (ImageMagick).
 
 
 - Options:
 
  | ``-showcat`` | show categories in the tree nodes (default)
  | ``-nocat`` | don't show categories
+ | ``-showdep`` | show dependency labels
  | ``-showfun`` | show function names in the tree nodes
  | ``-nofun`` | don't show function names (default)
  | ``-showleaves`` | show the leaves of the tree (default)
@@ -1198,6 +1237,8 @@ flag -format.
 
 - Flags:
 
+ | ``-lang`` | the language to visualize
+ | ``-file`` | configuration file for dependency labels with -deps, format per line 'fun label*'
  | ``-format`` | format of the visualization file (default "png")
  | ``-view`` | program to open the resulting file (default "open")
  | ``-nodefont`` | font for tree nodes (default: Times -- graphviz standard font)
@@ -1210,7 +1251,8 @@ flag -format.
 - Examples:
 
  | ``p "John walks" | vp`` | generate a tree and show parse tree as .dot script
- | ``gr | vp -view="open"`` | generate a tree and display parse tree on a Mac
+ | ``gr | vp -view=open`` | generate a tree and display parse tree on a Mac
+ | ``p "she loves us" | vp -view=open -showdep -file=uddeps.labels -nocat`` | show a visual variant of a dependency tree
 
 
 #NORMAL
@@ -1227,9 +1269,9 @@ flag -format.
 Prints a set of trees in the .dot format (the graphviz format).
 The graph can be saved in a file by the wf command as usual.
 If the -view flag is defined, the graph is saved in a temporary file
-which is processed by graphviz and displayed by the program indicated
-by the flag. The target format is postscript, unless overridden by the
-flag -format.
+which is processed by dot (graphviz) and displayed by the command indicated
+by the view flag. The target format is postscript, unless overridden by the
+flag -format. Results from multiple trees are combined to pdf with convert (ImageMagick).
 With option -mk, use for showing library style function names of form 'mkC'.
 
 

doc/gf-people.html

@@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html> 
-
-<head>
-<title>GF People</title>
-<meta charset="UTF-8">
-<link rel=stylesheet href="../css/style.css">
-<meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width">
-</head>
-
-<body>
-
-<center>
-<IMG SRC="Logos/gf0.png" alt="[GF]">
-
-<h1>Grammatical Framework: Authors and Acknowledgements</h1>
-
-</center>
-
-The current developers and maintainers are
-<a href="http://www.chalmers.se/cse/EN/organization/divisions/computing-science/people/angelov-krasimir">Krasimir Angelov</a>,
-<a href="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~hallgren/">Thomas Hallgren</a>,
-and
-<a href="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~aarne/">Aarne Ranta</a>. Bug reports should be
-posted via the
-<a href="http://code.google.com/p/grammatical-framework/issues/list">GF bug tracker</a>.
-
-
-<p>
-
-Also the following people have contributed code to some of the versions:
-
-<dl>
-
-<dt>Grégoire Détrez (University of Gothenburg)
-<dt>Ramona Enache (University of Gothenburg)
-<dt>
-<a href="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/alumni/bringert">Björn Bringert</a> (University of Gothenburg)
-<dt>
-Håkan Burden (University of Gothenburg)
-<dt>
-Hans-Joachim Daniels (Karlsruhe)
-<dt>
-<a href="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~markus">Markus Forsberg</a> (Chalmers)
-<dt>
-<a href="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~krijo">Kristofer Johannisson</a> (University of Gothenburg)
-<dt>
-<a href="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~janna">Janna Khegai</a> (Chalmers)
-<dt>
-<a href="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~peb">Peter Ljunglöf</a> (University of Gothenburg)
-<dt>
-Petri Mäenpää (Nokia)
-</dl>
-
-
-At least the following colleagues are thanked for suggestions,
-bug reports, and other indirect contributions to the code. (Notice:
-these are early contributors - the list has not been updated since 2004 or so).
-
-<p>
-
-<a href="http://www.di.unito.it/~stefano/">Stefano Berardi</a> (Torino),
-
-Pascal Boldini (Paris),
-
-<a href="http://www.dur.ac.uk/~dcs0pcc/">Paul Callaghan</a> (Durham),
-
-Lauri Carlson (Helsinki),
-
-<a href="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~koen">Koen Claessen</a> (Chalmers),
-
-<a href="http://www.cling.gu.se/~cooper">Robin Cooper</a> (Gothenburg),
-
-<a href="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~coquand">Thierry Coquand</a> (Chalmers),
-
-<a
-href="http://www.xrce.xerox.com/people/dymetman/dymetman.html">Marc
-Dymetman</a> (XRCE),
-
-Bertrand Grégoire (Tudor Institure, Luxembourg),
-
-<a href="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~reiner">Reiner Hähnle</a> (Chalmers),
-
-<a href="http://pauillac.inria.fr/~huet/">Gérard Huet</a> (INRIA),
-
-<a href="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~patrikj">Patrik Jansson</a> (Chalmers),
-
-Bernard Jaulin (Paris),
-
-<a href="http://www.xrce.xerox.com/people/karttunen/karttunen.html">
-Lauri Karttunen</a> (PARC),
-
-Matti Kinnunen (Nokia),
-
-<a
-href="http://www.xrce.xerox.com/people/lux/">Veronika
-Lux</a> (XRCE),
-
-Per Martin-Löf (Stockholm),
-
-<a href="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~bengt">Bengt Nordström</a> (Chalmers),
-
-<a
-href="http://www.cis.uni-muenchen.de/studenten/stud_homepages/okrslar/reklame.html">
-Martin Okrslar</a> (CIS),
-
-Jianmin Pang (Durham),
-
-<a
-href="http://www.xrce.xerox.com/people/pogodalla/index.fr.html">Sylvain
-Pogodalla</a> (XRCE),
-
-<a href="http://www.inria.fr/Loic.Pottier">Loïc Pottier</a> (INRIA),
-
-
-<a href="http://www2.parc.com/istl/members/zaenen/">Annie Zaenen</a> (PARC)
-
-<p>
-
-The GF logo was designed by Uula Ranta.
-
-<p>
-
-From 2001 to 2004, GF enjoyed funding from the
-<a href="http://www.vinnova.se">Vinnova</a> foundation, within the
-<a href="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/research/group/Language-technology/ILT.html">
-Interactive Languge Technology</a> project.
-
-
-</body>
-</html> 
-

doc/gf-people.md

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+---
+title: "Grammatical Framework: Authors and Acknowledgements"
+---
+
+## Current maintainers
+
+The current maintainers of GF are
+
+[Krasimir Angelov](http://www.chalmers.se/cse/EN/organization/divisions/computing-science/people/angelov-krasimir),
+[Thomas Hallgren](http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~hallgren/),
+[Aarne Ranta](http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~aarne/),
+[John J. Camilleri](http://johnjcamilleri.com), and
+[Inari Listenmaa](https://inariksit.github.io/).
+
+This page is otherwise not up to date.
+For detailed data about contributors to the code repositories since 2007, see
+[here (gf-core)](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/graphs/contributors)
+and
+[here (gf-rgl)](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl/graphs/contributors).
+
+## Previous contributors
+
+The following people have contributed code to some of the versions:
+
+- Grégoire Détrez (University of Gothenburg)
+- Ramona Enache (University of Gothenburg)
+- [Björn Bringert](http://www.cse.chalmers.se/alumni/bringert) (University of Gothenburg)
+- Håkan Burden (University of Gothenburg)
+- Hans-Joachim Daniels (Karlsruhe)
+- [Markus Forsberg](http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~markus) (Chalmers)
+- [Kristofer Johannisson](http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~krijo) (University of Gothenburg)
+- [Janna Khegai](http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~janna) (Chalmers)
+- [Peter Ljunglöf](http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~peb) (University of Gothenburg)
+- Petri Mäenpää (Nokia)
+- Lauri Alanko (University of Helsinki)
+
+At least the following colleagues are thanked for suggestions, bug
+reports, and other indirect contributions to the code.
+
+- [Stefano Berardi](http://www.di.unito.it/~stefano/) (Torino)
+- Pascal Boldini (Paris)
+- [Paul Callaghan](http://www.dur.ac.uk/~dcs0pcc/) (Durham)
+- Lauri Carlson (Helsinki)
+- [Koen Claessen](http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~koen) (Chalmers)
+- [Robin Cooper](http://www.cling.gu.se/~cooper) (Gothenburg)
+- [Thierry Coquand](http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~coquand) (Chalmers)
+- [Marc Dymetman](http://www.xrce.xerox.com/people/dymetman/dymetman.html) (XRCE)
+- Bertrand Grégoire (Tudor Institute, Luxembourg)
+- [Reiner Hähnle](http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~reiner) (Chalmers)
+- [Gérard Huet](http://pauillac.inria.fr/~huet/) (INRIA)
+- [Patrik Jansson](http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~patrikj) (Chalmers)
+- Bernard Jaulin (Paris)
+- [Lauri Karttunen](http://www.xrce.xerox.com/people/karttunen/karttunen.html) (PARC)
+- Matti Kinnunen (Nokia)
+- [Veronika Lux](http://www.xrce.xerox.com/people/lux/) (XRCE)
+- Per Martin-Löf (Stockholm)
+- [Bengt Nordström](http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~bengt) (Chalmers)
+- [Martin Okrslar](http://www.cis.uni-muenchen.de/studenten/stud_homepages/okrslar/reklame.html) (CIS)
+- Jianmin Pang (Durham)
+- [Sylvain Pogodalla](http://www.xrce.xerox.com/people/pogodalla/index.fr.html) (XRCE)
+- [Loïc Pottier](http://www.inria.fr/Loic.Pottier) (INRIA)
+- [Annie Zaenen](http://www2.parc.com/istl/members/zaenen/) (PARC)
+
+The GF logo was designed by Uula Ranta.

doc/gf-quickstart.html

@@ -1,158 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
-<head>
-<title>GF Quickstart</title>
-<link rel=stylesheet href="../css/style.css">
-<meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width">
-</head>
-
-
-<body>
-
-<center>
-<img src="Logos/gf0.png">
-<p>
-Aarne Ranta
-<p>
-October 2011 for GF 3.3
-
-<p>
-
-<h1>Grammatical Framework Quick Start</h1>
-
-</center>
-
-This Quick Start shows a few examples of how GF can be used.
-We assume that you have downloaded and installed GF, so that
-the command <tt>gf</tt> works for you. See download and install
-instructions <a href="../download/index.html">here</a>.
-
-<h2>Want to try without downloading?</h2>
-
-<a href="../demos/phrasebook/">Using GF translation</a> with an existing grammar.
-
-<p>
-
-<a href="../demos/gfse/">Writing GF grammars</a> in the cloud, without installing GF.
-
-
-
-
-<h2>Using GF for translation and generation</h2>
-
-When you have downloaded and installed GF:
-<ol>
-<li> Copy the files
-<a href="../examples/tutorial/food/Food.gf"><tt>Food.gf</tt></a>,
-<a href="../examples/tutorial/food/FoodEng.gf"><tt>FoodEng.gf</tt></a>, and
-<a href="../examples/tutorial/food/FoodIta.gf"><tt>FoodIta.gf</tt></a>.
-Or go to <tt>GF/examples/tutorial/food/</tt>, if you have downloaded the
-GF sources.
-
- <li> Start GF with the shell command (without the prompt <tt>$</tt>)
-<pre>
-  $ gf FoodIta.gf FoodEng.gf
-</pre>
-Alternatively, start GF with <tt>gf</tt> and give the GF command <tt>import FoodIta.gf FoodEng.gf</tt>.
-
-<li> <b>Translation</b>. Try your first translation by giving the GF command
-<pre>
-  parse "this cheese is very very Italian" | linearize
-</pre>
-Notice that the parser accept the tabulator for word completion.
-
-<li> <b>Generation</b>. Random-generate sentences in two languages:
-<pre>
-  generate_random | linearize
-</pre>
-
-<li> <b>Other commands</b>. Use the help command
-<pre>
-  help
-</pre>
-<li> <b>More examples</b>. Go to <tt>GF/examples/phrasebook</tt> or some other
-subdirectory of  <tt>GF/examples/</tt>. Or try a resource grammar by, for instance,
-<pre>
-  import alltenses/LangEng.gfo alltenses/LangGer.gfo
-
-  parse -lang=Eng "I love you" | linearize -treebank
-</pre>
-The resource grammars are found relative to the value of <tt>GF_LIB_PATH</tt>, which
-you may have to set; see <a href="../download/index.html">here</a> for instructions.
-
-
-
-</ol>
-
-
-
-<h2>Grammar development</h2>
-
-Add words to the <tt>Food</tt>
-grammars and try the above commands again. For instance, add the following lines:
-<pre>
-  Bread : Kind ;          -- in Food.gf
-  Bread = {s = "bread"} ; -- in FoodEng.gf
-  Bread = {s = "pane"} ;  -- in FoodIta.gf
-</pre>
-and start GF again with the same command. Now you can even translate
-<i>this bread is very Italian</i>.
-</ol>
-To lear more on GF commands and
-grammar development, go to the one of the tutorials:
-<ul>
-<li> <a href="tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">GF Tutorial</a>: older, more programmer-oriented
-<li> <a href="gf-lrec-2010.pdf">GF Resource Tutorial</a>: newer, more linguist-oriented
-</ul>
-To learn about how GF is used for easily writing grammars for 16 languages, consult the
-<ul>
-<li> <a href="../lib/doc/synopsis.html">GF Resource Grammar Library</a>.
-</ul>
-
-
-
-<h2>Run-time grammars and web applications</h2>
-
-GF has its own "machine language", PGF (Portable Grammar Format),
-which is recommended for use in applications at run time. To produce a PGF file from
-the two grammars above, do
-<pre>
-  gf -make FoodIta.gf FoodEng.gf
-  wrote Food.pgf
-</pre>
-You can use this in Haskell and Java programs, and also on web services, such as
-<ul>
-<li> the
-  <a href="http://cloud.grammaticalframework.org/minibar/minibar.html">minibar</a>
-  fridge magnets
-</ul>
-
-The quickest way to provide a GF web service is to start GF with the <tt>-server</tt> option:
-<pre>
-  $ gf -server
-  This is GF version 3.3
-  Built on linux/i386 with ghc-7.0, flags: interrupt server cclazy
-  Document root = /usr/local/share/gf-3.3/www
-  Starting HTTP server, open http://localhost:41296/ in your web browser.
-</pre>
-You can view it locally by pointing your
-browser to the URL shown. You can add your own <tt>.pgf</tt> grammar to the service by
-copying it over to the <tt>documentRoot</tt> directory. Just push "reload" in
-your browser after each such update.
-
-<p>
-
-To build more customized web application, consult the
-<a href="http://code.google.com/p/grammatical-framework/wiki/SideBar?tm=6">developer wiki</a>.
-
-
-<h2>User group</h2>
-
-You are welcome to join the <A HREF="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-dev">User Group</A>
-to get help and discuss GF-related issues!
-
-
-
-
-
-</body></html>

doc/gf-reference.t2t

@@ -1,493 +0,0 @@
-GF Quick Reference
-Aarne Ranta
-April 4, 2006
-
-% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
-% Create an html file from this file using:
-% txt2tags -thtml gf-reference.t2t
-
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!target:html
-%!options: --toc
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"><TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-
-This is a quick reference on GF grammars. It aims to
-cover all forms of expression available when writing
-grammars. It assumes basic knowledge of GF, which
-can be acquired from the 
-[GF Tutorial http://www.grammaticalframework.org/doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html].
-Help on GF commands is obtained on line by the
-help command (``help``), and help on invoking
-GF with (``gf -help``).
-
-
-===A complete example===
-
-This is a complete example of a GF grammar divided
-into three modules in files. The grammar recognizes the
-phrases //one pizza// and //two pizzas//.
-
-File ``Order.gf``:
-```
-abstract Order = {
-cat 
-  Order ; 
-  Item ;
-fun 
-  One, Two : Item -> Order ;
-  Pizza : Item ;
-}
-```
-File ``OrderEng.gf`` (the top file):
-```
---# -path=.:prelude
-concrete OrderEng of Order = 
- open Res, Prelude in {
-flags startcat=Order ;
-lincat 
-  Order = SS ; 
-  Item  = {s : Num => Str} ;
-lin 
-  One it = ss ("one" ++ it.s ! Sg) ;
-  Two it = ss ("two" ++ it.s ! Pl) ;
-  Pizza  = regNoun "pizza" ;
-}
-```
-File ``Res.gf``:
-```
-resource Res = open Prelude in {
-param Num = Sg | Pl ;
-oper regNoun : Str -> {s : Num => Str} =
-  \dog -> {s = table {
-    Sg => dog ;
-    _  => dog + "s"
-    }
-  } ;
-}
-```
-To use this example, do
-```
-  % gf             -- in shell: start GF
-  > i OrderEng.gf  -- in GF: import grammar
-  > p "one pizza"  --        parse string
-  > l Two Pizza    --        linearize tree
-```
-
-
-
-===Modules and files===
-
-One module per file.
-File named ``Foo.gf`` contains module named
-``Foo``.
-
-Each module has the structure
-```
-moduletypename =   
-  Inherits **        -- optional
-  open Opens in      -- optional
-  { Judgements }   
-```
-Inherits are names of modules of the same type.
-Inheritance can be restricted:
-```
-  Mo[f,g],  -- inherit only f,g from Mo
-  Lo-[f,g]  -- inheris all but f,g from Lo
-```
-Opens are possible in ``concrete`` and ``resource``.
-They are names of modules of these two types, possibly
-qualified:
-```
-  (M = Mo), -- refer to f as M.f or Mo.f
-  (Lo = Lo) -- refer to f as Lo.f
-```
-Module types and judgements in them:
-```
-abstract A          -- cat, fun, def, data
-concrete C of A     -- lincat, lin, lindef, printname
-resource R          -- param, oper
-
-interface I         -- like resource, but can have
-                       oper f : T without definition
-instance J of I     -- like resource, defines opers
-                       that I leaves undefined
-incomplete          -- functor: concrete that opens 
- concrete CI of A =    one or more interfaces
-  open I in ...
-concrete CJ of A =  -- completion: concrete that
-  CI with              instantiates a functor by
-    (I = J)            instances of open interfaces
-``` 
-The forms 
-``param``, ``oper`` 
-may appear in ``concrete`` as well, but are then
-not inherited to extensions.
-
-All modules can moreover have ``flags`` and comments.
-Comments have the forms
-```
--- till the end of line
-{- any number of lines between -}
---# used for compiler pragmas
-```
-A ``concrete`` can be opened like a ``resource``.
-It is translated as follows:
-```
-cat C          --->  oper C : Type = 
-lincat C = T           T ** {lock_C : {}}
-
-fun f : G -> C --->  oper f : A* -> C* = \g -> 
-lin f = t              t g ** {lock_C = <>}          
-```
-An ``abstract`` can be opened like an ``interface``.
-Any ``concrete`` of it then works as an ``instance``.
-
-
-
-===Judgements===
-
-```
-cat C               -- declare category C
-cat C (x:A)(y:B x)  -- dependent category C
-cat C A B           -- same as C (x : A)(y : B)
-fun f : T           -- declare function f of type T
-def f = t           -- define f as t
-def f p q = t       -- define f by pattern matching
-data C = f | g      -- set f,g as constructors of C
-data f : A -> C     -- same as 
-                       fun f : A -> C; data C=f
-
-lincat C = T        -- define lin.type of cat C
-lin f = t           -- define lin. of fun f
-lin f x y = t       -- same as lin f = \x y -> t
-lindef C = \s -> t  -- default lin. of cat C
-printname fun f = s -- printname shown in menus
-printname cat C = s -- printname shown in menus
-printname f = s     -- same as printname fun f = s
-
-param P = C | D Q R -- define parameter type P 
-                       with constructors
-                       C : P, D : Q -> R -> P
-oper h : T = t      -- define oper h of type T
-oper h = t          -- omit type, if inferrable
-
-flags p=v           -- set value of flag p
-```
-Judgements are terminated by semicolons (``;``).
-Subsequent judgments of the same form may share the
-keyword:
-```
-cat C ; D ;         -- same as cat C ; cat D ;
-```
-Judgements can also share RHS:
-```
-fun f,g : A         -- same as fun f : A ; g : A
-```
-
-
-===Types===
-
-Abstract syntax (in ``fun``):
-```
-C                -- basic type, if cat C
-C a b            -- basic type for dep. category
-(x : A) -> B     -- dep. functions from A to B
-(_ : A) -> B     -- nondep. functions from A to B
-(p,q : A) -> B   -- same as (p : A)-> (q : A) -> B
-A -> B           -- same as (_ : A) -> B
-Int              -- predefined integer type
-Float            -- predefined float type
-String           -- predefined string type
-```
-Concrete syntax (in ``lincat``):
-```
-Str              -- token lists
-P                -- parameter type, if param P
-P => B           -- table type, if P param. type
-{s : Str ; p : P}-- record type
-{s,t : Str}      -- same as {s : Str ; t : Str}
-{a : A} **{b : B}-- record type extension, same as  
-                    {a : A ; b : B}
-A * B * C        -- tuple type, same as
-                    {p1 : A ; p2 : B ; p3 : C}
-Ints n           -- type of n first integers
-```
-Resource (in ``oper``): all those of concrete, plus
-``` 
-Tok              -- tokens (subtype of Str)
-A -> B           -- functions from A to B
-Int              -- integers
-Strs             -- list of prefixes (for pre)
-PType            -- parameter type
-Type             -- any type
-```
-As parameter types, one can use any finite type:
-``P`` defined in ``param P``,
-``Ints n``, and record types of parameter types.
-
-
-
-===Expressions===
-
-Syntax trees = full function applications
-```
-f a b              -- : C if fun f : A -> B -> C
-1977               -- : Int
-3.14               -- : Float
-"foo"              -- : String
-```
-Higher-Order Abstract syntax (HOAS): functions as arguments:
-```
-F a (\x -> c)      -- : C if a : A, c : C (x : B), 
-                      fun F : A -> (B -> C) -> C
-```
-Tokens and token lists
-```
-"hello"            -- : Tok, singleton Str
-"hello" ++ "world" -- : Str
-["hello world"]    -- : Str, same as "hello" ++ "world"
-"hello" + "world"  -- : Tok, computes to "helloworld"
-[]                 -- : Str, empty list
-```
-Parameters
-```
-Sg                   -- atomic constructor
-VPres Sg P2          -- applied constructor
-{n = Sg ; p = P3}    -- record of parameters
-```
-Tables
-```
-table {              -- by full branches
-  Sg => "mouse" ;
-  Pl => "mice"
-  }
-table {              -- by pattern matching
-  Pl => "mice" ;
-  _  => "mouse"      -- wildcard pattern
-  }
-table {               
-  n => regn n "cat"  -- variable pattern 
-  }
-table Num {...}      -- table given with arg. type
-table ["ox"; "oxen"] -- table as course of values
-\\_ => "fish"        -- same as table {_ => "fish"} 
-\\p,q => t           -- same as \\p => \\q => t
-
-t ! p                -- select p from table t
-case e of {...}      -- same as table {...} ! e 
-```
-Records
-```
-{s = "Liz"; g = Fem} -- record in full form
-{s,t = "et"}         -- same as {s = "et";t= "et"}
-{s = "Liz"} **       -- record extension: same as
-  {g = Fem}             {s = "Liz" ; g = Fem}
-
-<a,b,c>        -- tuple, same as {p1=a;p2=b;p3=c}
-```
-Functions
-```
-\x -> t            -- lambda abstract
-\x,y -> t          -- same as \x -> \y -> t
-\x,_ -> t          -- binding not in t
-```
-Local definitions
-```
-let x : A = d in t -- let definition
-let x = d in t     -- let defin, type inferred
-let x=d ; y=e in t -- same as 
-                      let x=d in let y=e in t
-let {...} in t     -- same as let ... in t
-
-t where {...}      -- same as let ... in t
-```
-Free variation
-```
-variants {x ; y}     -- both x and y possible
-variants {}          -- nothing possible
-```
-Prefix-dependent choices
-```
-pre {"a" ; "an" / v} -- "an" before v, "a" otherw.
-strs {"a" ; "i" ;"o"}-- list of condition prefixes
-```
-Typed expression
-```
-<t:T>                -- same as t, to help type inference
-```
-Accessing bound variables in ``lin``: use fields ``$1, $2, $3,...``. 
-Example:
-```
-fun F : (A : Set) -> (El A -> Prop) -> Prop ; 
-lin F A B = {s = ["for all"] ++ A.s ++ B.$1 ++ B.s}
-```
-
-
-===Pattern matching===
-
-These patterns can be used in branches of ``table`` and
-``case`` expressions. Patterns are matched in the order in
-which they appear in the grammar.
-```
-C                 -- atomic param constructor
-C p q             -- param constr. applied to patterns
-x                 -- variable, matches anything
-_                 -- wildcard, matches anything
-"foo"             -- string
-56                -- integer
-{s = p ; y = q}   -- record, matches extensions too
-<p,q>             -- tuple, same as {p1=p ; p2=q}
-p | q             -- disjunction, binds to first match
-x@p               -- binds x to what p matches
-- p               -- negation
-p + "s"           -- sequence of two string patterns
-p*                -- repetition of a string pattern
-```
-
-===Sample library functions===
-
-```
--- lib/prelude/Predef.gf
-drop   : Int -> Tok -> Tok   -- drop prefix of length
-take   : Int -> Tok -> Tok   -- take prefix of length
-tk     : Int -> Tok -> Tok   -- drop suffix of length
-dp     : Int -> Tok -> Tok   -- take suffix of length
-occur  : Tok -> Tok -> PBool -- test if substring
-occurs : Tok -> Tok -> PBool -- test if any char occurs
-show   : (P:Type) -> P ->Tok -- param to string
-read   : (P:Type) -> Tok-> P -- string to param
-toStr  : (L:Type) -> L ->Str -- find "first" string
-
--- lib/prelude/Prelude.gf
-param Bool = True | False
-oper
-  SS  : Type                   -- the type {s : Str}
-  ss  : Str -> SS              -- construct SS
-  cc2 : (_,_ : SS) -> SS       -- concat SS's
-  optStr : Str -> Str          -- string or empty
-  strOpt : Str -> Str          -- empty or string
-  bothWays : Str -> Str -> Str -- X++Y or Y++X 
-  init : Tok -> Tok            -- all but last char
-  last : Tok -> Tok            -- last char
-  prefixSS : Str -> SS -> SS
-  postfixSS : Str -> SS -> SS
-  infixSS : Str -> SS -> SS -> SS
-  if_then_else : (A : Type) -> Bool -> A -> A -> A
-  if_then_Str : Bool -> Str -> Str -> Str
-```
-
-
-===Flags===
-
-Flags can appear, with growing priority,
-- in files, judgement ``flags`` and without dash (``-``)
-- as flags to ``gf`` when invoked, with dash
-- as flags to various GF commands, with dash
-
-
-Some common flags used in grammars:
-```
-startcat=cat    use this category as default 
-
-lexer=literals  int and string literals recognized
-lexer=code      like program code
-lexer=text      like text: spacing, capitals
-lexer=textlit   text, unknowns as string lits
-
-unlexer=code    like program code
-unlexer=codelit code, remove string lit quotes
-unlexer=text    like text: punctuation, capitals
-unlexer=textlit text, remove string lit quotes
-unlexer=concat  remove all spaces
-unlexer=bind    remove spaces around "&+"
-
-optimize=all_subs  best for almost any concrete
-optimize=values    good for lexicon concrete
-optimize=all       usually good for resource
-optimize=noexpand  for resource, if =all too big
-```
-For the full set of values for ``FLAG``, 
-use on-line ``h -FLAG``.
-
-
-
-===File import search paths===
-
-Colon-separated list of directories searched in the
-given order: 
-```
---# -path=.:../abstract:../common:prelude
-```
-This can be (in order of increasing priority), as
-first line in the file, as flag to ``gf``
-when invoked, or as flag to the ``i`` command.
-The prefix ``--#`` is used only in files.
-
-GF attempts to satisfy an ``import`` command by searching for the
-import filename in the above search paths, initially qualified
-relative to the current working directory. If the file is not found in
-that initial expansion, the search paths are re-qualified relative to
-the directories given in the ``GF_LIB_PATH`` environment variable. If
-``GF_LIB_PATH`` is not defined, its default value is
-``/usr/local/share/gf-3.9/lib`` (assuming you have GF version 3.9).
-
-If your GF resource grammar libraries are installed somewhere else,
-you will want to set ``GF_LIB_PATH`` to point there instead. In a
-pinch, you can point to the ``GF/lib/src/`` folder in your clone of
-the GF source code repository.
-
-Developers of resource grammars may find it useful to define multiple
-directories, colon-separated, in ``GF_LIB_PATH``.
-
-
-===Alternative grammar formats===
-
-**Old GF** (before GF 2.0): 
-all judgements in any kinds of modules,
-division into files uses ``include``s.
-A file ``Foo.gf`` is recognized as the old format
-if it lacks a module header. 
-
-**Context-free** (file ``foo.cf``). The form of rules is e.g.
-```
-Fun. S ::= NP "is" AP ;
-```
-If ``Fun`` is omitted, it is generated automatically. 
-Rules must be one per line. The RHS can be empty.
-
-**Extended BNF** (file ``foo.ebnf``). The form of rules is e.g.
-```
-S ::= (NP+ ("is" | "was") AP | V NP*) ;
-```
-where the RHS is a regular expression of categories
-and quoted tokens: ``"foo", CAT, T U, T|U, T*, T+, T?``, or empty.
-Rule labels are generated automatically.
-
-
-**Probabilistic grammars** (not a separate format).
-You can set the probability of a function ``f`` (in its value category) by
-```
---# prob f 0.009
-```
-These are put into a file given to GF using the ``probs=File`` flag
-on command line. This file can be the grammar file itself.
-
-**Example-based grammars**  (file ``foo.gfe``). Expressions of the form
-```
-in Cat "example string"
-```
-are preprocessed by using a parser given by the flag 
-```
---# -resource=File
-```
-and the result is written to ``foo.gf``.
-
-
-===References===
-
-[GF Homepage http://www.grammaticalframework.org/]
-
-A. Ranta, Grammatical Framework: A Type-Theoretical Grammar Formalism.
-//The Journal of Functional Programming//, vol. 14:2. 2004, pp. 145-189. 
-

doc/gf-shell-reference.t2t

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 The GF Software System
 
 
-%!style:../css/style.css
 %!options(html): --toc
 %!options(html): --toc-level=4
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"><TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
 %!postproc(html): "#VSPACE" "<hr>"
 %!postproc(html): "#NORMAL" ""
 %!postproc(html): "#TINY" ""
@@ -13,7 +10,7 @@ The GF Software System
 
 The GF software system implements the GF programming language. Its
 components are
-- the //compiler//, 
+- the //compiler//,
 translating ``.gf`` source files to ``.gfo`` object files, to
 ``.pgf`` run-time grammars, and to various other formats
 - the //run-time system//,
@@ -43,7 +40,7 @@ The shell maintains a  //state//, to which belong
 
 
 Unless file arguments are provided to the ``gf`` command, the shell starts in an
-empty state, with no grammars and no history. 
+empty state, with no grammars and no history.
 
 In the shell, a set of commands
 is available. Some of these commands may change the grammars in the state. The general
@@ -59,7 +56,7 @@ syntax of commands is given by the following BNF grammar:
   ARGUMENT     ::= QUOTED_STRING | TREE
   VALUE        ::= IDENT | QUOTED_STRING
 ```
-A command pipe is a sequence of commands interpreted in such a way 
+A command pipe is a sequence of commands interpreted in such a way
 that the output of each command
 is send as input to the next. The option ``-tr`` causes GF to show a trace,
 i.e. the intermediate result of the command to which it is attached.
@@ -69,7 +66,7 @@ executed one by one, in the order of appearance.
 
 ===GF shell commands===
 
-The full set of GF shell commands is listed below with explanations. 
+The full set of GF shell commands is listed below with explanations.
 This list can also be obtained in the GF shell by the command ``help -full``.
 
 %!include: gf-help-full.txt
@@ -77,14 +74,14 @@ This list can also be obtained in the GF shell by the command ``help -full``.
 ==The GF batch compiler==
 
 With the option ``-batch``, GF can be invoked in batch mode, i.e.
-without opening the shell, to compile files from ``.gf`` to ``.gfo``. 
-The ``-s`` option ("silent") eliminates all messages except errors. 
+without opening the shell, to compile files from ``.gf`` to ``.gfo``.
+The ``-s`` option ("silent") eliminates all messages except errors.
 ```
   $ gf -batch -s LangIta.gf
 ```
 With the option ``-make``, and as a set of
 top-level grammar files (with the same abstract syntax) as arguments,
-GF produces a ``.pgf`` file. The flag ``-optimize-pgf`` minimizes 
+GF produces a ``.pgf`` file. The flag ``-optimize-pgf`` minimizes
 the size of the ``.pgf`` file, and is recommended for grammars to be shipped.
 ```
   $ gf -make -optimize-pgf LangIta.gf LangEng.gf LangGer.gf
@@ -107,5 +104,3 @@ To run GF from a //script//, redirection of standard input can be used:
 ```
 The file ``script.gfs`` should then contain a sequence of GF commands, one per line.
 Unrecognized command lines are skipped without terminating GF.
-
-

doc/gf-video-tutorials.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+title: "Video tutorials"
+---
+
+The GF [YouTube channel](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZ96DechSUVcXAhtOId9VVA) keeps a playlist of [all GF videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrgqBB5thLeT15fUtJ8_Dtk8ppdtH90MK), and more specific playlists for narrower topics.
+If you make a video about GF, let us know and we'll add it to the suitable playlist(s)!
+
+- [General introduction to GF](#general-introduction-to-gf)
+- [Beginner resources](#beginner-resources)
+- [Resource grammar tutorials](#resource-grammar-tutorials)
+
+## General introduction to GF
+
+These videos introduce GF at a high level, and present some use cases.
+
+__Grammatical Framework: Formalizing the Grammars of the World__
+
+<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/x1LFbDQhbso" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
+
+__Aarne Ranta: Automatic Translation for Consumers and Producers__
+
+<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/An-AmFScw1o" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
+
+## Beginner resources
+
+These videos show how to install GF on your computer (Mac or Windows), and how to play with simple grammars in a [Jupyter notebook](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-binder) (any platform, hosted at [mybinder.org](https://mybinder.org)).
+
+<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLrgqBB5thLeRa8eViJJnjT8jBhxqCPMF2" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
+
+## Resource grammar tutorials
+
+These videos show incremental improvements to a [miniature version of the resource grammar](https://github.com/inariksit/comp-syntax-2020/tree/master/lab2/grammar/dummy#readme).
+They assume some prior knowledge of GF, roughly lessons 1-3 from the [GF tutorial](http://www.grammaticalframework.org/doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html).
+
+<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLrgqBB5thLeTPkp88lnOmRtprCa8g0wX2" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>

doc/index.html

@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
-<head>
-<title>GF Documentation</title>
-<link rel=stylesheet href="../css/style.css">
-</head>
- 
-
-<body>
-
-<div class=center>
-<a href="../"><img src="Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-
-
-
-
-<h1>Grammatical Framework Documents</h1>
-</div>
-
-
-<b>Top-5 documents</b>:
-
-<a href="gf-quickstart.html">Quick start instruction</a>.
-
-
-<a href="tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">Old Tutorial</a>, application-oriented.
-
-<a href="gf-lrec-2010.pdf">New Tutorial</a>, linguistics-oriented.
-
-<a href="gf-refman.html">ReferenceManual</a>.
-
-<a href="../lib/resource/doc/synopsis.html">LibrarySynopsis</a>.
-
-
-
-
-<h2>Language and system documentation</h2>
-
-<ul>
-
-  <li>
-  <a href="gf-reference.html">GF Quick Reference</a>. Also available in
-  <a href="gf-reference.pdf">pdf</a>. Covers all features of GF language
-  in a summary format.
-
-  <li>
-  <a href="gf-refman.html">GF Reference Manual</a>. A full-scale reference
-  manual of the GF language.
-  
-  <li>
-  <a href="gf-shell-reference.html">GF Shell Reference</a>.
-  Describes the commands available in the interactive GF shell. Also
-  summarizes how to run GF as a batch compiler.
-
-  <li>
-  <a href="gf-editor-modes.html">Editor modes for GF</a>.
-  Editor modes for GF provides syntax highligting, automatic indentation and
-  other features that makes editing GF grammar files easier.
-  
-</ul>
-
-
-<h2>Publications</h2>
-
-<a href="gf-bibliography.html">
-Bibliography</a>: more publications on GF, as well as background literature.
-
-
-</body></html>

doc/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+title: Grammatical Framework Documentation
+---
+
+Perhaps you're looking for one of the following:
+
+- [Tutorial](tutorial/gf-tutorial.html). This is a hands-on introduction to grammar writing in GF.
+- [Reference Manual](gf-refman.html). A full-scale reference manual of the GF language.
+- [RGL Tutorial](../lib/doc/rgl-tutorial/index.html)
+- [RGL Synopsis](../lib/doc/synopsis/index.html). Documentation of the Resource Grammar Library, including the syntax API and lexical paradigms for each language.
+- [Shell Reference](gf-shell-reference.html). Describes the commands available in the interactive GF shell.
+  Also summarizes how to run GF as a batch compiler.
+- [Developers Guide](gf-developers/html). Detailed information about building and developing GF.

doc/runtime-api.html

@@ -1,29 +1,26 @@
-<html>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
 	<head>
+		<title>C Runtime API</title>
+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" crossorigin="anonymous">
 		<style>
-			body { background: #eee; padding-top: 200px; }
-
-			pre.python   {background-color:#ffc; display: none}
-			pre.haskell  {background-color:#ffc; display: block}
-			pre.java     {background-color:#ffc; display: none}
-			pre.csharp   {background-color:#ffc; display: none}
+			pre {
+				background-color:#eee;
+				margin-top: 1em;
+				padding: 0.5em 1em;
+			}
+			pre.python   {display: none}
+			pre.haskell  {display: block}
+			pre.java     {display: none}
+			pre.csharp   {display: none}
 			span.python  {display: none}
 			span.haskell {display: inline}
 			span.java    {display: none}
 			span.csharp  {display: none}
-			
-			.header {
-               position: fixed;
-               top: 0;
-               left: 0;
-               background: #ddd;
-               width: 100%;
-               padding: 5pt;
-               border-bottom: solid #bbb 2pt;
-            }
 		</style>
 
-
 <script lang="javascript">
 	function change_language(href) {
 		var name = href.split("#")[1];
@@ -50,14 +47,28 @@
 </script>
 	</head>
 	<body onload="change_language(window.location.href); window.addEventListener('hashchange', function(e){change_language(window.location.href);});">
-		<span class="header">
-		<h1>Using the <span class="python">Python</span> <span class="haskell">Haskell</span> <span class="java">Java</span> <span class="csharp">C#</span> binding to the C runtime</h1>
-		
-		Choose a language: <a href="#haskell">Haskell</a> <a href="#python">Python</a> <a href="#java">Java</a> <a href="#csharp">C#</a>
-		</span>
+		<div class="container-fluid" style="max-width: 1200px">
+		<div class="header sticky-top border-bottom py-3 bg-white">
+			<a href=".." title="Home">
+			  <img src="../doc/Logos/gf1.svg" height="120px" class="float-md-right ml-3 mb-3 bg-white" alt="GF Logo">
+			</a>
+			<h1>
+				Using the
+				<span class="python">Python</span>
+				<span class="haskell">Haskell</span>
+				<span class="java">Java</span>
+				<span class="csharp">C#</span>
+				binding to the C runtime
+			</h1>
+			<h4 class="text-muted">Krasimir Angelov, July 2015 - August 2017</h4>
+			Choose a language:
+			<a href="#haskell" class="mx-1">Haskell</a>
+			<a href="#python" class="mx-1">Python</a>
+			<a href="#java" class="mx-1">Java</a>
+			<a href="#csharp" class="mx-1">C#</a>
+		</div>
+		<main class="py-4">
 
-		<h4>Krasimir Angelov, July 2015 - August 2017</h4>
-		
 <h2>Loading the Grammar</h2>
 
 Before you use the <span class="python">Python</span> binding you need to import the <span class="haskell">PGF2 module</span><span class="python">pgf module</span><span class="java">pgf package</span><span class="csharp">PGFSharp package</span>:
@@ -127,7 +138,7 @@ Concr eng = gr.Languages["AppEng"];
 
 <h2>Parsing</h2>
 
-All language specific services are available as 
+All language specific services are available as
 <span class="python">methods of the class <tt>pgf.Concr</tt></span><span class="haskell">functions that take as an argument an object of type <tt>Concr</tt></span><span class="java">methods of the class <tt>Concr</tt></span><span class="csharp">methods of the class <tt>Concr</tt></span>.
 For example to invoke the parser, you can call:
 <pre class="python">
@@ -220,10 +231,10 @@ Console.WriteLine(ep.Item1);
 PhrUtt NoPConj (UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (DetNP (DetQuant this_Quant NumSg)) (UseComp (CompNP (DetCN (DetQuant IndefArt NumSg) (AdjCN (PositA small_A) (UseN theatre_N)))))))) NoVoc
 </pre>
 
-<p>Note that depending on the grammar it is absolutely possible that for 
-a single sentence you might get infinitely many trees. 
+<p>Note that depending on the grammar it is absolutely possible that for
+a single sentence you might get infinitely many trees.
 In other cases the number of trees might be finite but still enormous.
-The parser is specifically designed to be lazy, which means that 
+The parser is specifically designed to be lazy, which means that
 each tree is returned as soon as it is found before exhausting
 the full search space. For grammars with a patological number of
 trees it is advisable to pick only the top <tt>N</tt> trees
@@ -246,16 +257,16 @@ parsing with a different start category can be done as follows:</p>
 </pre>
 </span>
 <span class="haskell">
-There is also the function <tt>parseWithHeuristics</tt> which 
-takes two more paramaters which let you to have a better control 
+There is also the function <tt>parseWithHeuristics</tt> which
+takes two more paramaters which let you to have a better control
 over the parser's behaviour:
 <pre class="haskell">
 Prelude PGF2> let res = parseWithHeuristics eng (startCat gr) heuristic_factor callbacks
 </pre>
 </span>
 <span class="java">
-There is also the method <tt>parseWithHeuristics</tt> which 
-takes two more paramaters which let you to have a better control 
+There is also the method <tt>parseWithHeuristics</tt> which
+takes two more paramaters which let you to have a better control
 over the parser's behaviour:
 <pre class="java">
 Iterable&lt;ExprProb&gt; iterable = eng.parseWithHeuristics(gr.startCat(), heuristic_factor, callbacks);
@@ -281,7 +292,7 @@ to factor 0.0. When we increase the factor then parsing becomes faster
 but at the same time the sorting becomes imprecise. The worst
 factor is 1.0. In any case the parser always returns the same set of
 trees but in different order. Our experience is that even a factor
-of about 0.6-0.8 with the translation grammar still orders 
+of about 0.6-0.8 with the translation grammar still orders
 the most probable tree on top of the list but further down the list,
 the trees become shuffled.
 </p>
@@ -457,7 +468,7 @@ the object has the following public final variables:
 </span>
 </p>
 
-The linearization works even if there are functions in the tree 
+The linearization works even if there are functions in the tree
 that doesn't have linearization definitions. In that case you
 will just see the name of the function in the generated string.
 It is sometimes helpful to be able to see whether a function
@@ -483,7 +494,7 @@ true
 
 <p>
 An already constructed tree can be analyzed and transformed
-in the host application. For example you can deconstruct 
+in the host application. For example you can deconstruct
 a tree into a function name and a list of arguments:
 <pre class="python">
 >>> e.unpack()
@@ -523,8 +534,8 @@ literal. For example the result from:
 <span class="haskell">
 The result from <tt>unApp</tt> is <tt>Just</tt> if the expression
 is an application and <tt>Nothing</tt> in all other cases.
-Similarly, if the tree is a literal string then the return value 
-from <tt>unStr</tt> will be <tt>Just</tt> with the actual literal. 
+Similarly, if the tree is a literal string then the return value
+from <tt>unStr</tt> will be <tt>Just</tt> with the actual literal.
 For example the result from:
 </span>
 <pre class="haskell">
@@ -534,8 +545,8 @@ Prelude PGF2> readExpr "\"literal\"" >>= unStr
 <span class="java">
 The result from <tt>unApp</tt> is not <tt>null</tt> if the expression
 is an application, and <tt>null</tt> in all other cases.
-Similarly, if the tree is a literal string then the return value 
-from <tt>unStr</tt> will not be <tt>null</tt> with the actual literal. 
+Similarly, if the tree is a literal string then the return value
+from <tt>unStr</tt> will not be <tt>null</tt> with the actual literal.
 For example the output from:
 </span>
 <pre class="java">
@@ -545,15 +556,15 @@ System.out.println(elit.unStr());
 <span class="csharp">
 The result from <tt>UnApp</tt> is not <tt>null</tt> if the expression
 is an application, and <tt>null</tt> in all other cases.
-Similarly, if the tree is a literal string then the return value 
-from <tt>UnStr</tt> will not be <tt>null</tt> with the actual literal. 
+Similarly, if the tree is a literal string then the return value
+from <tt>UnStr</tt> will not be <tt>null</tt> with the actual literal.
 For example the output from:
 </span>
 <pre class="csharp">
 Expr elit = Expr.ReadExpr("\"literal\"");
 Console.WriteLine(elit.UnStr());
 </pre>
-is just the string "literal". 
+is just the string "literal".
 <span class="python">Situations like this can be detected
 in Python by checking the type of the result from <tt>unpack</tt>.
 It is also possible to get an integer or a floating point number
@@ -569,7 +580,7 @@ There are also the methods <tt>UnAbs</tt>, <tt>UnInt</tt>, <tt>UnFloat</tt> and
 </span>
 </p>
 
-Constructing new trees is also easy. You can either use 
+Constructing new trees is also easy. You can either use
 <tt>readExpr</tt> to read trees from strings, or you can
 construct new trees from existing pieces. This is possible by
 <span class="python">
@@ -612,7 +623,7 @@ Console.WriteLine(e2);
 <p>If the host application needs to do a lot of expression manipulations,
 then it is helpful to use a higher-level API to the grammar,
 also known as "embedded grammars" in GF. The advantage is that
-you can construct and analyze expressions in a more compact way.</p> 
+you can construct and analyze expressions in a more compact way.</p>
 
 <span class="python">
 <p>In Python you first have to <tt>embed</tt> the grammar by calling:
@@ -721,7 +732,7 @@ call the method <tt>default</tt>. The following is an example:
       def on_DetCN(self,quant,cn):
         print("Found DetCN")
         cn.visit(self)
-			
+
       def on_AdjCN(self,adj,cn):
         print("Found AdjCN")
         cn.visit(self)
@@ -1007,7 +1018,7 @@ Traceback (most recent call last):
 pgf.PGFError: The concrete syntax is not loaded
 </pre>
 
-Before using the concrete syntax, you need to explicitly load it: 
+Before using the concrete syntax, you need to explicitly load it:
 <pre class="python">
 >>> eng.load("AppEng.pgf_c")
 >>> print(eng.lookupMorpho("letter"))
@@ -1060,7 +1071,7 @@ Traceback (most recent call last):
 pgf.PGFError: The concrete syntax is not loaded
 </pre>
 
-Before using the concrete syntax, you need to explicitly load it: 
+Before using the concrete syntax, you need to explicitly load it:
 <pre class="java">
 eng.load("AppEng.pgf_c")
 for (MorphoAnalysis an : eng.lookupMorpho("letter")) {
@@ -1289,6 +1300,7 @@ graph {
 }
 </pre>
 
+		</main>
+		</div>
 	</body>
 </html>
-

doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.t2t

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ December 2010 for GF 3.2
 % txt2tags --toc -ttex gf-tutorial.txt
 
 %!target:html
-%!encoding: iso-8859-1
+%!encoding: utf-8
 %!options: --toc
 
 %!postproc(tex) : "\\subsection\*" "\\newslide"
@@ -618,32 +618,32 @@ and **semantic definitions**.
 
 
 
-#NEW
-
-==Slides==
-
-You can chop this tutorial into a set of slides by the command
-```
-  htmls gf-tutorial.html
-```
-where the program ``htmls`` is distributed with GF (see below), in
-
-  [``GF/src/tools/Htmls.hs`` http://grammaticalframework.org/src/tools/Htmls.hs]
-
-The slides will appear as a set of files beginning with ``01-gf-tutorial.htmls``.
-
-Internal links will not work in the slide format, except for those in the
-upper left corner of each slide, and the links behind the "Contents" link.
+% #NEW
+%
+% ==Slides==
+%
+% You can chop this tutorial into a set of slides by the command
+% ```
+%   htmls gf-tutorial.html
+% ```
+% where the program ``htmls`` is distributed with GF (see below), in
+%
+%   [``GF/src/tools/Htmls.hs`` http://grammaticalframework.org/src/tools/Htmls.hs]
+%
+% The slides will appear as a set of files beginning with ``01-gf-tutorial.htmls``.
+%
+% Internal links will not work in the slide format, except for those in the
+% upper left corner of each slide, and the links behind the "Contents" link.
 
 
 
 #NEW
 
+#Lchaptwo
+
 =Lesson 1: Getting Started with GF=
 
 
-#Lchaptwo
-
 Goals:
 - install and run GF
 - write the first GF grammar: a "Hello World" grammar in three languages
@@ -836,8 +836,8 @@ Finnish and an Italian concrete syntaxes:
     lin
       Hello recip = {s = "terve" ++ recip.s} ;
       World = {s = "maailma"} ;
-      Mum = {s = "äiti"} ;
-      Friends = {s = "ystävät"} ;
+      Mum = {s = "äiti"} ;
+      Friends = {s = "ystävät"} ;
   }
 
   concrete HelloIta of Hello = {
@@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ Parentheses are only needed for grouping.
 Parsing something that is not in grammar will fail:
 ```
   > parse "hello dad"
-  Unknown words: dad
+  The parser failed at token 2: "dad"
 
   > parse "world hello"
   no tree found
@@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ Default of the language flag (``-lang``): the last-imported concrete syntax.
 **Multilingual generation**:
 ```
   > parse -lang=HelloEng "hello friends" | linearize
-  terve ystävät
+  terve ystävät
   ciao amici
   hello friends
 ```
@@ -1037,9 +1037,10 @@ Application programs, using techniques from #Rchapeight:
 
 #NEW
 
+#Lchapthree
+
 =Lesson 2: Designing a grammar for complex phrases=
 
-#Lchapthree
 
 Goals:
 - build a larger grammar: phrases about food in English and Italian
@@ -1335,7 +1336,7 @@ Just (?) replace English words with their dictionary equivalents:
       Phrase, Item, Kind, Quality = {s : Str} ;
 
     lin
-      Is item quality = {s = item.s ++ "č" ++ quality.s} ;
+      Is item quality = {s = item.s ++ "è" ++ quality.s} ;
       This kind = {s = "questo" ++ kind.s} ;
       That kind = {s = "quel" ++ kind.s} ;
       QKind quality kind = {s = kind.s ++ quality.s} ;
@@ -1446,11 +1447,11 @@ linearizations in different languages:
   > gr -number=2 | l -treebank
 
   Is (That Cheese) (Very Boring)
-  quel formaggio č molto noioso
+  quel formaggio è molto noioso
   that cheese is very boring
 
   Is (That Cheese) Fresh
-  quel formaggio č fresco
+  quel formaggio è fresco
   that cheese is fresh
 ```
 
@@ -1472,14 +1473,14 @@ answer given in another language.
   You can interrupt the quiz by entering a line consisting of a dot ('.').
 
   this fish is warm
-  questo pesce č caldo
+  questo pesce è caldo
   > Yes.
   Score 1/1
 
   this cheese is Italian
-  questo formaggio č noioso
-  > No, not questo formaggio č noioso, but
-  questo formaggio č italiano
+  questo formaggio è noioso
+  > No, not questo formaggio è noioso, but
+  questo formaggio è italiano
 
   Score 1/2
   this fish is expensive
@@ -1756,7 +1757,7 @@ Simultaneous extension and opening:
     lincat
       Question = SS ;
     lin
-      QIs item quality = ss (item.s ++ "č" ++ quality.s) ;
+      QIs item quality = ss (item.s ++ "è" ++ quality.s) ;
       Pizza = ss "pizza" ;
   }
 ```
@@ -1797,9 +1798,10 @@ where
 
 #NEW
 
+#Lchapfour
+
 =Lesson 3: Grammars with parameters=
 
-#Lchapfour
 
 Goals:
 - implement sophisticated linguistic structures:
@@ -2364,10 +2366,10 @@ in English, with special care taken of variations with the suffix
 
 + Implement the German **Umlaut** operation on word stems.
 The operation changes the vowel of the stressed stem syllable as follows:
-//a// to //ä//, //au// to //äu//, //o// to //ö//, and //u// to //ü//. You
+//a// to //ä//, //au// to //äu//, //o// to //ö//, and //u// to //ü//. You
 can assume that the operation only takes syllables as arguments. Test the
-operation to see whether it correctly changes //Arzt// to //Ärzt//,
-//Baum// to //Bäum//, //Topf// to //Töpf//, and //Kuh// to //Küh//.
+operation to see whether it correctly changes //Arzt// to //Ärzt//,
+//Baum// to //Bäum//, //Topf// to //Töpf//, and //Kuh// to //Küh//.
 
 
 
@@ -2473,24 +2475,19 @@ can be used to read a text and return for each word its analyses
 ```
 The command ``morpho_quiz = mq`` generates inflection exercises.
 ```
-  % gf -path=alltenses:prelude $GF_LIB_PATH/alltenses/IrregFre.gfo
+  % gf alltenses/IrregFre.gfo
 
   > morpho_quiz -cat=V
 
   Welcome to GF Morphology Quiz.
   ...
 
-  réapparaître : VFin VCondit  Pl  P2
-  réapparaitriez
-  > No, not réapparaitriez, but
-  réapparaîtriez
+  réapparaître : VFin VCondit  Pl  P2
+  réapparaitriez
+  > No, not réapparaitriez, but
+  réapparaîtriez
   Score 0/1
 ```
-To create a list for later use, use the command ``morpho_list = ml``
-```
-  > morpho_list -number=25 -cat=V | write_file exx.txt
-```
-
 
 
 
@@ -2563,7 +2560,7 @@ We need only number variation for the copula.
 ```
     copula : Number -> Str =
       \n -> case n of {
-        Sg => "č" ;
+        Sg => "è" ;
         Pl => "sono"
         } ;
 ```
@@ -2649,12 +2646,12 @@ The verb //switch off// is called a
 
 We can define transitive verbs and their combinations as follows:
 ```
-  lincat TV = {s : Number => Str ; part : Str} ;
+  lincat V2 = {s : Number => Str ; part : Str} ;
 
-  fun AppTV : Item -> TV -> Item -> Phrase ;
+  fun AppV2 : Item -> V2 -> Item -> Phrase ;
 
-  lin AppTV subj tv obj =
-    {s = subj.s ++ tv.s ! subj.n ++ obj.s ++ tv.part} ;
+  lin AppV2 subj v2 obj =
+    {s = subj.s ++ v2.s ! subj.n ++ obj.s ++ v2.part} ;
 ```
 
 **Exercise**. Define the language ``a^n b^n c^n`` in GF, i.e.
@@ -2720,11 +2717,11 @@ This topic will be covered in #Rseclexing.
 
 The symbol ``**`` is used for both record types and record objects.
 ```
-  lincat TV = Verb ** {c : Case} ;
+  lincat V2 = Verb ** {c : Case} ;
 
   lin Follow = regVerb "folgen" ** {c = Dative} ;
 ```
-``TV`` becomes a **subtype** of ``Verb``.
+``V2`` (transitive verb) becomes a **subtype** of ``Verb``.
 
 If //T// is a subtype of //R//, an object of //T// can be used whenever
 an object of //R// is required.
@@ -2755,7 +2752,11 @@ Thus the labels ``p1, p2,...`` are hard-coded.
 English indefinite article:
 ```
   oper artIndef : Str =
-    pre {"a" ; "an" / strs {"a" ; "e" ; "i" ; "o"}} ;
+     pre {
+       ("a" | "e" | "i" | "o") => "an" ;
+       _ => "a"
+     } ;
+
 ```
 Thus
 ```
@@ -2772,9 +2773,10 @@ Thus
 
 #NEW
 
+#Lchapfive
+
 =Lesson 4: Using the resource grammar library=
 
-#Lchapfive
 
 Goals:
 - navigate in the GF resource grammar library and use it in applications
@@ -2945,7 +2947,7 @@ We need the following combinations:
 ```
 We also need **lexical insertion**, to form phrases from single words:
 ```
-  mkCN : N -> NP ;
+  mkCN : N -> CN ;
   mkAP : A -> AP ;
 ```
 Naming convention: to construct a //C//, use a function ``mk``//C//.
@@ -2966,7 +2968,7 @@ can be built as follows:
 ```
   mkCl
     (mkNP these_Det
-       (mkCN (mkAP very_AdA (mkAP warm_A)) (mkCN pizza_CN)))
+       (mkCN (mkAP very_AdA (mkAP warm_A)) (mkCN pizza_N)))
     (mkAP italian_AP)
 ```
 The task now: to define the concrete syntax of ``Foods`` so that
@@ -3305,13 +3307,13 @@ we can write a **functor instantiation**,
   oper
     wine_N = mkN "Wein" ;
     pizza_N = mkN "Pizza" "Pizzen" feminine ;
-    cheese_N = mkN "Käse" "Käsen" masculine ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "Käse" "Käsen" masculine ;
     fish_N = mkN "Fisch" ;
     fresh_A = mkA "frisch" ;
-    warm_A = mkA "warm" "wärmer" "wärmste" ;
+    warm_A = mkA "warm" "wärmer" "wärmste" ;
     italian_A = mkA "italienisch" ;
     expensive_A = mkA "teuer" ;
-    delicious_A = mkA "köstlich" ;
+    delicious_A = mkA "köstlich" ;
     boring_A = mkA "langweilig" ;
   }
 ```
@@ -3362,11 +3364,11 @@ Lexicon instance
     cheese_N = mkN "juusto" ;
     fish_N = mkN "kala" ;
     fresh_A = mkA "tuore" ;
-    warm_A = mkA "lämmin" ;
+    warm_A = mkA "lämmin" ;
     italian_A = mkA "italialainen" ;
     expensive_A = mkA "kallis" ;
     delicious_A = mkA "herkullinen" ;
-    boring_A = mkA "tylsä" ;
+    boring_A = mkA "tylsä" ;
   }
 ```
 Functor instantiation
@@ -3614,9 +3616,10 @@ tenses and moods, e.g. the Romance languages.
 
 #NEW
 
+#Lchapsix
+
 =Lesson 5: Refining semantics in abstract syntax=
 
-#Lchapsix
 
 Goals:
 - include semantic conditions in grammars, by using
@@ -3626,7 +3629,7 @@ Goals:
   - semantic definitions
 
 These concepts are inherited from **type theory** (more precisely:
-constructive type theory, or Martin-Löf type theory).
+constructive type theory, or Martin-Löf type theory).
 
 Type theory is the basis **logical frameworks**.
 
@@ -3714,49 +3717,25 @@ Concrete syntax does not know if a category is a dependent type.
 ```
 Notice that the ``Kind`` argument is suppressed in linearization.
 
-Parsing with dependent types is performed in two phases:
+Parsing with dependent types consists of two phases:
 + context-free parsing
 + filtering through type checker
 
+Parsing a type-correct command works as expected:
 
-By just doing the first phase, the ``kind`` argument is not found:
 ```
   > parse "dim the light"
-  CAction ? dim (DKindOne light)
-```
-Moreover, type-incorrect commands are not rejected:
-```
-  > parse "dim the fan"
-  CAction ? dim (DKindOne fan)
-```
-The term ``?`` is a **metavariable**, returned by the parser
-for any subtree that is suppressed by a linearization rule.
-These are the same kind of metavariables as were used #Rsecediting
-to mark incomplete parts of trees in the syntax editor.
-
-
-
-#NEW
-
-===Solving metavariables===
-
-Use the command ``put_tree = pt`` with the option ``-typecheck``:
-```
-  > parse "dim the light" | put_tree -typecheck
   CAction light dim (DKindOne light)
 ```
-The ``typecheck`` process may fail, in which case an error message
-is shown and no tree is returned:
+However, type-incorrect commands are rejected by the typecheck:
 ```
-  > parse "dim the fan" | put_tree -typecheck
-
-  Error in tree UCommand (CAction ? 0 dim (DKindOne fan)) :
-    (? 0 <> fan) (? 0 <> light)
+  > parse "dim the fan"
+  The parsing is successful but the type checking failed with error(s):
+    Couldn't match expected type Device light
+       against the interred type Device fan
+    In the expression: DKindOne fan       
 ```
 
-
-
-
 #NEW
 
 ==Polymorphism==
@@ -3782,23 +3761,19 @@ to express Haskell-type library functions:
     \_,_,_,f,x,y -> f y x ;
 ```
 
-
 #NEW
 
 ===Dependent types: exercises===
 
 1. Write an abstract syntax module with above contents
 and an appropriate English concrete syntax. Try to parse the commands
-//dim the light// and //dim the fan//, with and without ``solve`` filtering.
+//dim the light// and //dim the fan//.
 
-
-2. Perform random and exhaustive generation, with and without
-``solve`` filtering.
+2. Perform random and exhaustive generation.
 
 3. Add some device kinds and actions to the grammar.
 
 
-
 #NEW
 
 ==Proof objects==
@@ -3908,7 +3883,6 @@ fun
 Classes for new actions can be added incrementally.
 
 
-
 #NEW
 
 ==Variable bindings==
@@ -4177,11 +4151,11 @@ Type checking can be invoked with ``put_term -transform=solve``.
 
 #NEW
 
+#Lchapseven
+
 ==Lesson 6: Grammars of formal languages==
 
 
-#Lchapseven
-
 Goals:
 - write grammars for formal languages (mathematical notation, programming languages)
 - interface between formal and natural langauges
@@ -4196,7 +4170,8 @@ We construct a calculator with addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
 division of integers.
 ```
   abstract Calculator = {
-
+  flags startcat = Exp ;
+  
   cat Exp ;
 
   fun
@@ -4222,7 +4197,7 @@ We begin with a
 concrete syntax that always uses parentheses around binary
 operator applications:
 ```
-  concrete CalculatorP of Calculator = {
+  concrete CalculatorP of Calculator = open Prelude in {
 
   lincat
     Exp = SS ;
@@ -4516,9 +4491,10 @@ point literals as arguments.
 
 #NEW
 
+#Lchapeight
+
 =Lesson 7: Embedded grammars=
 
-#Lchapeight
 
 Goals:
 - use grammars as parts of programs written in Haskell and JavaScript
@@ -4639,7 +4615,7 @@ output. Therefore it can be a part of a pipe and read and write files.
 The simplest way to translate is to ``echo`` input to the program:
 ```
   % echo "this wine is delicious" | ./trans Food.pgf
-  questo vino č delizioso
+  questo vino è delizioso
 ```
 The result is given in all languages except the input language.
 
@@ -4732,10 +4708,6 @@ abstract Query = {
 
 To make it easy to define a transfer function, we export the
 abstract syntax to a system of Haskell datatypes:
-```
-  % gf --output-format=haskell Query.pgf
-```
-It is also possible to produce the Haskell file together with PGF, by
 ```
   % gf -make --output-format=haskell QueryEng.gf
 ```
@@ -4958,12 +4930,12 @@ syntax name. This file contains the multilingual grammar as a JavaScript object.
 ===Using the JavaScript grammar===
 
 To perform parsing and linearization, the run-time library
-``gflib.js`` is used. It is included in ``GF/lib/javascript/``, together with
+``gflib.js`` is used. It is included in ``/src/runtime/javascript/``, together with
 some other JavaScript and HTML files; these files can be used
 as templates for building applications.
 
 An example of usage is
-[``translator.html`` http://grammaticalframework.org:41296],
+[``translator.html`` ../../src/runtime/javascript/translator.html],
 which is in fact initialized with
 a pointer to the Food grammar, so that it provides translation between the English
 and Italian grammars:

doc/txt2html.sh

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-FILES="darcs.txt transfer-reference.txt transfer-tutorial.txt \
-      transfer.txt"
-
-for f in $FILES; do
-  h=`basename "$f" ".txt"`.html
-  if [ "$f" -nt "$h" ]; then 
-    txt2tags $f
-  else
-    echo "$h is newer than $f, skipping"
-  fi
-done

download/encoding-change.t2t

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 GF character encoding changes
 Thomas Hallgren
-%%mtime(%F)
-
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"> <TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
+2013-12-18
 
 ==Changes to character encodings in GF grammar files ==
 

download/gfc

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-prefix="/usr/local"
-
-case "i386-apple-darwin9.3.0" in
-      *-cygwin)
-          prefix=`cygpath -w "$prefix"`;;
-esac
-
-exec_prefix="${prefix}"
-GF_BIN_DIR="${exec_prefix}/bin"
-GF_DATA_DIR="${prefix}/share/GF-3.0-beta"
-
-GFBIN="$GF_BIN_DIR/gf"
-
-if [ ! -x "${GFBIN}" ]; then
-   GFBIN=`which gf`
-fi
-
-if [ ! -x "${GFBIN}" ]; then
-    echo "gf not found."
-    exit 1
-fi
-
-exec $GFBIN --batch "$@"

download/index-3.1.6.t2t

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ GF 3.1.6 released 23 April 2010.
 - Windows (zipped executable):
   [``gf-3.1.6-bin-i486-windows.zip`` gf-3.1.6-bin-i486-windows.zip]
   (1.6 MB)
-- Ubuntu Linux (gzipped executable): 
+- Ubuntu Linux (gzipped executable):
   [``gf-3.1.6-bin-i486-linux.gz`` gf-3.1.6-bin-i486-linux.gz]
   (1.7 MB)
 - compiled library package:
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ GF 3.1.6 released 23 April 2010.
 - full source package (GF system, libraries, examples, documentation):
   [``gf-3.1.6-src.tar.gz`` gf-3.1.6-src.tar.gz]
   (11 MB)
-  
+
 GF is also on [Hackage http://hackage.haskell.org/package/gf]
 
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ What's new? See the [release notes release-3.1.6.html].
 ==Installation instructions==
 
 
-The Windows package is installed by just unpacking it anywhere. 
+The Windows package is installed by just unpacking it anywhere.
 It finds the libraries relative to the ``.exe`` file.
 
 To install a binary package for MacOS X or Linux: uncompress the executable and

download/index-3.10.md

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+---
+title: Grammatical Framework Download and Installation
+...
+
+**GF 3.10** was released on 2 December 2018.
+
+What's new? See the [release notes](release-3.10.html).
+
+## Binary packages
+
+These binary packages include both the GF core (compiler and runtime) as well as the pre-compiled RGL.
+
+| Platform        | Download                                           | Features       | How to install                     |
+|:----------------|:---------------------------------------------------|:---------------|:-----------------------------------|
+| macOS           | [gf-3.10.pkg](gf-3.10.pkg)                         | GF, S, C, J, P | Double-click on the package icon   |
+| Raspbian 10 (buster) | [gf\_3.10-2\_armhf.deb](gf_3.10-2_armhf.deb)  | GF,S,C,J,P | `sudo dpkg -i gf_3.10-2_armhf.deb`     |
+| Ubuntu (32-bit) | [gf\_3.10-2\_i386.deb](gf_3.10-2_i386.deb)         | GF, S, C, J, P | `sudo dpkg -i gf_3.10-2_i386.deb`  |
+| Ubuntu (64-bit) | [gf\_3.10-2\_amd64.deb](gf_3.10-2_amd64.deb)       | GF, S, C, J, P | `sudo dpkg -i gf_3.10-2_amd64.deb` |
+| Windows         | [gf-3.10-bin-windows.zip](gf-3.10-bin-windows.zip) | GF, S          | `unzip gf-3.10-bin-windows.zip`    |
+
+<!--
+| macOS           | [gf-3.10-bin-intel-mac.tar.gz](gf-3.10-bin-intel-mac.tar.gz) | GF,S,C,J,P | `sudo tar -C /usr/local -zxf gf-3.10-bin-intel-mac.tar.gz` |
+-->
+
+**Features**
+
+- GF = GF shell and grammar compiler
+- S = `gf -server` mode
+- C = C run-time system
+- J/P = Java/Python binding to the C run-time system
+
+### Notes
+
+The Windows package is installed by just unpacking it anywhere. You will
+probably need to set the `PATH` and `GF_LIB_PATH` environment variables,
+see Inari's notes on [Installing GF on Windows](http://www.grammaticalframework.org/~inari/gf-windows.html#toc3).
+
+The Ubuntu `.deb` packages should work on Ubuntu 16.04 and 18.04 and
+similar Linux distributions. The `.deb` packages were updated
+to version 3.10-2 after the release of GF 3.10.
+(Because of a packaging bug the Resource Grammar Library was missing
+in the 3.10-1 packages.)
+
+<!-- The Raspbian `.deb` package was created on a Raspberry Pi 3 and will
+probably work on other ARM-based systems running Debian 9 (stretch) or
+similar Linux distributions. -->
+
+The packages for macOS (Mac OS X) should work on at least 10.13 and
+10.14 (High Sierra and Mojave)
+
+<!-- The Mac OS and Linux `.tar.gz` packages are designed to be installed in
+`/usr/local`. You can install them in other locations, but then you need
+to set the `GF_LIB_PATH` environment variable:
+
+```
+export GF_LIB_PATH=/usr/local/share/gf-3.10/lib
+```
+
+where `/usr/local` should be replaced with the path to the location
+where you unpacked the package. -->
+
+## Installing the latest release from source
+
+[GF is on Hackage](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/gf), so under
+normal circumstances the procedure is fairly simple:
+
+1.  Install a recent version of the [Haskell
+    Platform](http://hackage.haskell.org/platform) (see note below)
+2.  `cabal update`
+3.  On Linux: install some C libraries from your Linux distribution (see note below)
+4.  `cabal install gf`
+
+This installs the GF executable and Haskell libraries, but **does not include the RGL**.
+
+You can also download the source code release from [GitHub](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/releases),
+and follow the instructions below under **Installing from the latest developer source code**.
+
+### Notes
+
+**Installation location**
+
+The above steps installs GF for a single user. The executables are put
+in `$HOME/.cabal/bin` (or, with recent versions of the Haskell platform
+on Mac OS X, in `$HOME/Library/Haskell/bin`), so it is a good idea to
+put a line in your `.bash_profile` or `.profile` to add that directory
+to you path:
+
+```
+PATH=$HOME/.cabal/bin:$PATH
+```
+
+or
+
+```
+PATH=$HOME/Library/Haskell/bin:$PATH
+```
+
+**Build tools**
+
+In order to compile GF you need the build tools **Alex** and **Happy**.
+These can be installed via Cabal, e.g.:
+
+```
+cabal install alex happy
+```
+
+or obtained by other means, depending on your OS.
+
+**Haskeline**
+
+GF uses [`haskeline`](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/haskeline), which
+on Linux depends on some non-Haskell libraries that won't be installed
+automatically by cabal, and therefore need to be installed manually.
+Here is one way to do this:
+
+- On Ubuntu: `sudo apt-get install libghc-haskeline-dev`
+- On Fedora: `sudo dnf install ghc-haskeline-devel`
+
+**GHC version**
+
+The GF source code has been updated to compile with GHC 8.4.
+Using older versions of GHC (e.g. 8.2, 8.0 and 7.10) should still work too.
+
+## Installing from the latest developer source code
+
+If you haven't already, clone the repository with:
+
+```
+git clone https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core.git
+```
+
+If you've already cloned the repository previously, update with:
+
+```
+git pull
+```
+
+Then install with:
+
+```
+cabal install
+```
+
+or, if you're a Stack user:
+
+```
+stack install
+```
+
+The above notes for installing from source apply also in these cases.
+For more info on working with the GF source code, see the
+[GF Developers Guide](../doc/gf-developers.html).
+
+## Installing the RGL from source
+
+To install the RGL from source,
+you can download a release from [GitHub](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl/releases)
+or get the latest version by cloning the repository:
+
+```
+git clone https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl.git
+```
+
+In both cases, once you have the RGL sources you can install them by running:
+
+```
+make
+```
+
+in the RGL folder.
+This assumes that you already have GF installed.
+For more details about building the RGL, see the [RGL README](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl/blob/master/README.md).
+
+## Installing the Python bindings from PyPI
+
+The Python library is available on PyPI as `pgf`, so it can be installed using:
+
+```
+pip install pgf
+```
+
+We provide binary wheels for Linux and OSX (with Windows missing so far), which 
+include the C runtime and a ready-to-go.  If there is no binary distribution for
+your platform, this will install the source tarball, which will attempt to build 
+the binding during installation, and requires the GF C runtime to be installed on
+your system.
+
+## Older releases
+
+- [GF 3.9](index-3.9.html) (August 2017)
+- [GF 3.8](index-3.8.html) (June 2016)
+- [GF 3.7.1](index-3.7.1.html) (October 2015)
+- [GF 3.7](index-3.7.html) (June 2015)
+- [GF 3.6](index-3.6.html) (June 2014)
+- [GF 3.5](index-3.5.html) (August 2013)
+- [GF 3.4](index-3.4.html) (January 2013)
+- [GF 3.3.3](index-3.3.3.html) (March 2012)
+- [GF 3.3](index-3.3.html) (October 2011)
+- [GF 3.2.9](index-3.2.9.html) source-only snapshot (September 2011)
+- [GF 3.2](index-3.2.html) (December 2010)
+- [GF 3.1.6](index-3.1.6.html) (April 2010)

download/index-3.11.md

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+---
+title: Grammatical Framework Download and Installation
+...
+
+**GF 3.11** was released on ... December 2020.
+
+What's new? See the [release notes](release-3.11.html).
+
+#### Note: GF core and the RGL
+
+The following instructions explain how to install **GF core**, i.e. the compiler, shell and run-time systems.
+Obtaining the **Resource Grammar Library (RGL)** is done separately; see the section at the bottom of this page.
+
+---
+
+## Installing from a binary package
+
+Binary packages are available for Debian/Ubuntu, macOS, and Windows and include:
+
+- GF shell and grammar compiler
+- `gf -server` mode
+- C run-time system
+- Java & Python bindings to the C run-time system
+
+Unlike in previous versions, the binaries **do not** include the RGL.
+
+[Binary packages on GitHub](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/releases/tag/RELEASE-3.11)
+
+#### Debian/Ubuntu
+
+To install the package use:
+```
+sudo dpkg -i gf_3.11.deb
+```
+
+The Ubuntu `.deb` packages should work on Ubuntu 16.04, 18.04 and similar Linux distributions.
+
+#### macOS
+
+To install the package, just double-click it and follow the installer instructions.
+
+The packages should work on at least 10.13 (High Sierra) and 10.14 (Mojave).
+
+#### Windows
+
+To install the package, unpack it anywhere.
+
+You will probably need to update the `PATH` environment variable to include your chosen install location.
+
+For more information, see [Using GF on Windows](https://www.grammaticalframework.org/~inari/gf-windows.html) (latest updated for Windows 10).
+
+## Installing the latest Hackage release (macOS, Linux, and WSL2 on Windows)
+
+[GF is on Hackage](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/gf), so under
+normal circumstances the procedure is fairly simple:
+
+1.  Install ghcup https://www.haskell.org/ghcup/
+2.  `ghcup install ghc 8.10.4`
+3.  `ghcup set ghc 8.10.4`
+4.  `cabal update`
+5.  On Linux: install some C libraries from your Linux distribution (see note below)
+6.  `cabal install gf-3.11`
+
+You can also download the source code release from [GitHub](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/releases),
+and follow the instructions below under **Installing from the latest developer source code**.
+
+### Notes
+
+**Installation location**
+
+The above steps installs GF for a single user.
+The executables are put in `$HOME/.cabal/bin` (or on macOS in `$HOME/Library/Haskell/bin`),
+so you might want to add this directory to your path (in `.bash_profile` or similar):
+
+```
+PATH=$HOME/.cabal/bin:$PATH
+```
+
+**Haskeline**
+
+GF uses [`haskeline`](http://hackage.haskell.org/package/haskeline), which
+on Linux depends on some non-Haskell libraries that won't be installed
+automatically by cabal, and therefore need to be installed manually.
+Here is one way to do this:
+
+- On Ubuntu: `sudo apt-get install libghc-haskeline-dev`
+- On Fedora: `sudo dnf install ghc-haskeline-devel`
+
+**GHC version**
+
+The GF source code has been updated to compile with GHC versions 7.10 through to 8.8.
+
+## Installing from the latest developer source code
+
+If you haven't already, clone the repository with:
+
+```
+git clone https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core.git
+```
+
+If you've already cloned the repository previously, update with:
+
+```
+git pull
+```
+
+Then install with:
+
+```
+cabal install
+```
+
+or, if you're a Stack user:
+
+```
+stack install
+```
+
+The above notes for installing from source apply also in these cases.
+For more info on working with the GF source code, see the
+[GF Developers Guide](../doc/gf-developers.html).
+
+## Installing the Python bindings from PyPI
+
+The Python library is available on PyPI as `pgf`, so it can be installed using:
+
+```
+pip install pgf
+```
+
+We provide binary wheels for Linux and macOS, which include the C runtime and are ready-to-go.
+If there is no binary distribution for your platform, this will install the source tarball,
+which will attempt to build the binding during installation,
+and requires the GF C runtime to be installed on your system.
+
+---
+
+## Installing the RGL from a binary release
+
+Binary releases of the RGL are made available on [GitHub](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl/releases).
+In general the steps to follow are:
+
+1. Download a binary release and extract it somewhere on your system.
+2. Set the environment variable `GF_LIB_PATH` to point to wherever you extracted the RGL.
+
+## Installing the RGL from source
+
+To compile the RGL, you will need to have GF already installed and in your path.
+
+1. Obtain the RGL source code, either by:
+  - cloning with `git clone https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl.git`
+  - downloading a source archive [here](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl/archive/master.zip)
+2. Run `make` in the source code folder.
+
+For more options, see the [RGL README](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl/blob/master/README.md).
+
+---
+
+## Older releases
+
+- [GF 3.10](index-3.10.html) (December 2018)
+- [GF 3.9](index-3.9.html) (August 2017)
+- [GF 3.8](index-3.8.html) (June 2016)
+- [GF 3.7.1](index-3.7.1.html) (October 2015)
+- [GF 3.7](index-3.7.html) (June 2015)
+- [GF 3.6](index-3.6.html) (June 2014)
+- [GF 3.5](index-3.5.html) (August 2013)
+- [GF 3.4](index-3.4.html) (January 2013)
+- [GF 3.3.3](index-3.3.3.html) (March 2012)
+- [GF 3.3](index-3.3.html) (October 2011)
+- [GF 3.2.9](index-3.2.9.html) source-only snapshot (September 2011)
+- [GF 3.2](index-3.2.html) (December 2010)
+- [GF 3.1.6](index-3.1.6.html) (April 2010)

download/index-3.2.9.t2t

@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
 Grammatical Framework Download and Installation
 
 
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!postproc(html): <TD><B> <TH>
-%!postproc(html): </B></TD> </TH>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-
 **GF 3.2.9** source-only snapshot was released on 12 September 2011.
 
 What's new? Faster grammar compilation!
@@ -77,9 +72,3 @@ The above notes for installing from source apply also in this case.
 - [GF 3.2 index-3.2.html] (December 2011).
 - [GF 3.1.6 index-3.1.6.html] (April 2010).
 - [GF 3.1 old-index.html] (December 2009).
-
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]
- 

download/index-3.2.t2t

@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
 Grammatical Framework Download and Installation
 
 
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!postproc(html): <TD><B> <TH>
-%!postproc(html): </B></TD> </TH>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-
 **GF 3.2** was released on 23 December 2010.
 
 What's new? See the [Release notes release-3.2.html].
@@ -27,7 +22,7 @@ More packages might be added later.
 
 ===Notes===
 
-The Windows package is installed by just unpacking it anywhere. 
+The Windows package is installed by just unpacking it anywhere.
 It finds the libraries relative to the ``.exe`` file.
 
 The ``.deb`` packages work on Ubuntu 10.04 and 10.10.
@@ -105,8 +100,3 @@ Subsequently:
 ```
 
 The above notes for installing from source apply also in this case.
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]
- 

download/index-3.3.3.t2t

@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 Grammatical Framework Download and Installation
 
 
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"><TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <TD><B> <TH>
-%!postproc(html): </B></TD> </TH>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-
 **GF 3.3.3** was released on 3 March 2012.
 
 What's new? See the [Release notes release-3.3.3.html].
@@ -24,7 +18,7 @@ What's new? See the [Release notes release-3.3.3.html].
 
 ===Notes===
 
-The Windows package is installed by just unpacking it anywhere. 
+The Windows package is installed by just unpacking it anywhere.
 It finds the libraries relative to the ``.exe`` file.
 
 %The ``.deb`` packages work on Ubuntu 10.04 and 10.10.
@@ -127,9 +121,3 @@ For more info, see the [GF Developers Guide ../doc/gf-developers.html].
 - [GF 3.2 index-3.2.html] (December 2010).
 - [GF 3.1.6 index-3.1.6.html] (April 2010).
 - [GF 3.1 old-index.html] (December 2009).
-
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]
- 

download/index-3.3.t2t

@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
 Grammatical Framework Download and Installation
 
 
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!postproc(html): <TD><B> <TH>
-%!postproc(html): </B></TD> </TH>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-
 **GF 3.3** was released on 27 October 2011.
 
 What's new? See the [Release notes release-3.3.html].
@@ -27,7 +22,7 @@ More packages might be added later.
 
 ===Notes===
 
-The Windows package is installed by just unpacking it anywhere. 
+The Windows package is installed by just unpacking it anywhere.
 It finds the libraries relative to the ``.exe`` file.
 
 %The ``.deb`` packages work on Ubuntu 10.04 and 10.10.
@@ -115,9 +110,3 @@ The above notes for installing from source apply also in this case.
 - [GF 3.2 index-3.2.html] (December 2010).
 - [GF 3.1.6 index-3.1.6.html] (April 2010).
 - [GF 3.1 old-index.html] (December 2009).
-
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]
- 

download/index-3.4.t2t

@@ -1,13 +1,6 @@
 Grammatical Framework Download and Installation
 
 
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!postproc(html): </HEAD> <STYLE>body { color: #333; } li>code,p>code,pre { color: #730; }</STYLE></HEAD>
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"><TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <TD><B> <TH>
-%!postproc(html): </B></TD> </TH>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-
 **GF 3.4** was released on 31 January 2013.
 
 What's new? See the [Release notes release-3.4.html].
@@ -20,14 +13,11 @@ What's new? See the [Release notes release-3.4.html].
 | Fedora (32-bit) | [Fedora RPMs /~hallgren/tmp/Fedora/] | ``sudo rpm -i ...``
 | Ubuntu (32-bit) | [gf_3.4-1_i386.deb gf_3.4-1_i386.deb] | ``sudo dpkg -i gf_3.4-1_i386.deb``
 | Ubuntu (64-bit) | [gf_3.4-1_amd64.deb gf_3.4-1_amd64.deb] | ``sudo dpkg -i gf_3.4-1_amd64.deb``
-| Windows | [gf-3.4-bin-windows.zip gf-3.4-bin-windows.zip] | 
-%| ... | ... | ...
-
-%More binary packages might be added later.
+| Windows | [gf-3.4-bin-windows.zip gf-3.4-bin-windows.zip] | -
 
 ===Notes===
 
-%The Windows package is installed by just unpacking it anywhere. 
+%The Windows package is installed by just unpacking it anywhere.
 %It finds the libraries relative to the ``.exe`` file.
 
 The ``.deb`` packages work on Ubuntu 12.04, 12.10 and 13.04.
@@ -153,8 +143,3 @@ For more info on working with the GF source code, see the
 - [GF 3.2 index-3.2.html] (December 2010).
 - [GF 3.1.6 index-3.1.6.html] (April 2010).
 - [GF 3.1 old-index.html] (December 2009).
-
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]

download/index-3.5.t2t

@@ -1,13 +1,6 @@
 Grammatical Framework Download and Installation
 
 
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!postproc(html): </HEAD> <STYLE>body { color: #333; } li>code,p>code,pre { color: #730; }</STYLE></HEAD>
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"><TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <TD><B> <TH>
-%!postproc(html): </B></TD> </TH>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-
 **GF 3.5** was released on 6 August 2013.
 
 What's new? See the [Release notes release-3.5.html].
@@ -157,8 +150,3 @@ For more info on working with the GF source code, see the
 - [GF 3.2 index-3.2.html] (December 2010).
 - [GF 3.1.6 index-3.1.6.html] (April 2010).
 - [GF 3.1 old-index.html] (December 2009).
-
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]

download/index-3.6.t2t

@@ -1,13 +1,6 @@
 Grammatical Framework Download and Installation
 
 
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!postproc(html): </HEAD> <STYLE>body { color: #333; } li>code,p>code,pre { color: #730; }</STYLE></HEAD>
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"><TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-%!postproc(html): <TD><I> <TD><small>
-%!postproc(html): </I></TD> </small></TD>
-
 **GF 3.6** was released on 23 June 2014.
 
 What's new? See the [Release notes release-3.6.html].
@@ -177,8 +170,3 @@ For more info on working with the GF source code, see the
 - [GF 3.2 index-3.2.html] (December 2010).
 - [GF 3.1.6 index-3.1.6.html] (April 2010).
 - [GF 3.1 old-index.html] (December 2009).
-
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]

download/index-3.7.1.t2t

@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 Grammatical Framework Download and Installation
 
 
-%!style:../css/notes.css
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"><TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-%!postproc(html): <TD><I> <TD><small>
-%!postproc(html): </I></TD> </small></TD>
-
 **GF 3.7.1** was released on 2 October 2015.
 
 What's new? See the [Release notes release-3.7.1.html].
@@ -46,7 +40,7 @@ The ``.deb`` packages work on Ubuntu 12.04, 14.04 and 15.04.
 
 The packages for Mac OS X should work on at least 10.9, 10.10 and 10.11 (Mavericks, Yosemite and El Capitan).
 
-(*) **Note** that for compatibility with OS X 10.11, 
+(*) **Note** that for compatibility with OS X 10.11,
 ``gf-3.7.1.pkg`` will install the ``gf`` executable in ``/usr/local/bin``
 instead of ``/usr/bin``, so make sure ``/usr/local/bin`` is in your  ``$PATH``.
 Also, if you still have an older version of GF installed in ``/usr/bin``,
@@ -180,8 +174,3 @@ For more info on working with the GF source code, see the
 - [GF 3.2 index-3.2.html] (December 2010).
 - [GF 3.1.6 index-3.1.6.html] (April 2010).
 - [GF 3.1 old-index.html] (December 2009).
-
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]

download/index-3.7.t2t

@@ -1,13 +1,6 @@
 Grammatical Framework Download and Installation
 
 
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!postproc(html): </HEAD> <STYLE>body { color: #333; } li>code,p>code,pre { color: #730; }</STYLE></HEAD>
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"><TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-%!postproc(html): <TD><I> <TD><small>
-%!postproc(html): </I></TD> </small></TD>
-
 **GF 3.7** was released on 25 June 2015.
 
 What's new? See the [Release notes release-3.7.html].
@@ -173,8 +166,3 @@ For more info on working with the GF source code, see the
 - [GF 3.2 index-3.2.html] (December 2010).
 - [GF 3.1.6 index-3.1.6.html] (April 2010).
 - [GF 3.1 old-index.html] (December 2009).
-
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]

download/index-3.8.t2t

@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 Grammatical Framework Download and Installation
 
 
-%!style:../css/notes.css
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"><TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-%!postproc(html): <TD><I> <TD><small>
-%!postproc(html): </I></TD> </small></TD>
-
 **GF 3.8** was released on 22 June 2016.
 
 What's new? See the [Release notes release-3.8.html].
@@ -49,7 +43,7 @@ Linux distributions.
 
 The packages for Mac OS X should work on at least 10.9, 10.10 and 10.11 (Mavericks, Yosemite and El Capitan).
 
-(*) **Note** that for compatibility with OS X 10.11, 
+(*) **Note** that for compatibility with OS X 10.11,
 ``gf-3.8.pkg`` will install the ``gf`` executable in ``/usr/local/bin``
 instead of ``/usr/bin``, so make sure ``/usr/local/bin`` is in your  ``$PATH``.
 Also, if you still have an older version of GF installed in ``/usr/bin``,
@@ -171,8 +165,3 @@ For more info on working with the GF source code, see the
 - [GF 3.2 index-3.2.html] (December 2010).
 - [GF 3.1.6 index-3.1.6.html] (April 2010).
 - [GF 3.1 old-index.html] (December 2009).
-
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]

download/index-3.9.t2t

@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 Grammatical Framework Download and Installation
 
 
-%!style:../css/notes.css
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"><TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-%!postproc(html): <TD><I> <TD><small>
-%!postproc(html): </I></TD> </small></TD>
-
 **GF 3.9** was released on 11 August 2017.
 
 What's new? See the [Release notes release-3.9.html].
@@ -18,10 +12,11 @@ What's new? See the [Release notes release-3.9.html].
 | macOS | [gf-3.9.pkg gf-3.9.pkg] | //GF+S+C+J+P// | Double-click on the package icon
 | macOS | [gf-3.9-bin-intel-mac.tar.gz gf-3.9-bin-intel-mac.tar.gz] | //GF+S+C+J+P// | ``sudo tar -C /usr/local -zxf gf-3.9-bin-intel-mac.tar.gz``
 %| Fedora (32-bit) | [Fedora RPMs /~hallgren/tmp/Fedora/] | //GF+S+C+J+P// | ``sudo rpm -i ...``
-| Raspian 9.1 | [gf_3.9-1_armhf.deb gf_3.9-1_armhf.deb] | //GF+S+C+J+P// | ``sudo dpkg -i gf_3.9-1_armhf.deb``
+| Raspbian 9.1 | [gf_3.9-1_armhf.deb gf_3.9-1_armhf.deb] | //GF+S+C+J+P// | ``sudo dpkg -i gf_3.9-1_armhf.deb``
 | Ubuntu (32-bit) | [gf_3.9-1_i386.deb gf_3.9-1_i386.deb] | //GF+S+C+J+P// | ``sudo dpkg -i gf_3.9-1_i386.deb``
 | Ubuntu (64-bit) | [gf_3.9-1_amd64.deb gf_3.9-1_amd64.deb] | //GF+S+C+J+P// | ``sudo dpkg -i gf_3.9-1_amd64.deb``
 | Windows | [gf-3.9-bin-windows.zip gf-3.9-bin-windows.zip] | //GF+S// | ``unzip gf-3.9-bin-windows.zip``
+
 %| MINGW | [gf-3.9-bin-i686-MINGW32_NT-6.1.tar.gz gf-3.9-bin-i686-MINGW32_NT-6.1.tar.gz] | //GF+S+C// | ``tar -C / gf-3.9-bin-i686-MINGW32_NT-6.1.tar.gz``
 %| ... | ... | ... | ...
 
@@ -195,8 +190,3 @@ with ``stack install`` (assuming you already have Stack set up).
 - [GF 3.2 index-3.2.html] (December 2010).
 - [GF 3.1.6 index-3.1.6.html] (April 2010).
 - [GF 3.1 old-index.html] (December 2009).
-
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]

download/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; URL=/download/index-3.10.html" />
+</head>
+<body>
+  You are being redirected to <a href="index-3.10.html">the current version</a> of this page.
+</body>
+</html>

download/release-3.1.6.t2t

@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ GF Version 3.1.6 Release Notes
 =Installation=
 
 The binaries now work out of the box for each platform and support
-completions (file names and parsing), because readline has been 
+completions (file names and parsing), because readline has been
 changed to haskeline.
 
 To compile from source, GHC 6.12 is now required. But GHC is not needed
 if the binary executables are used.
 
-Binaries (``.gfo`` and ``.pgf`` files) compiled with GF 3.1 are incompatible 
+Binaries (``.gfo`` and ``.pgf`` files) compiled with GF 3.1 are incompatible
 with 3.1.6 and must either be removed; alternatively, the ``-src`` flag can be
 used when compiling.
 
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ Grammar language
 - improved support for dependent types (see ``SUMO``, ``nqueens`` in ``examples``)
 
 
-Shell commands and options (see ``help`` in GF for more information) 
-- ``eb``: example-based grammar file conversion 
+Shell commands and options (see ``help`` in GF for more information)
+- ``eb``: example-based grammar file conversion
   (see ``examples/animals/QuestionI.gf``)
 - ``vd = visualize_dependency``: show dependency tree
 - ``vp = visualize_parse``: show parse tree
@@ -57,8 +57,3 @@ Internal
 
 Javascript generation is not updated to the new PGF format.
 [GF 3.1 old-index.html] should still be used for building Javascript applications.
-
-
-
-
-

download/release-3.10.md

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+---
+title: GF 3.10 Release Notes
+date: 2 December 2018
+...
+
+## Installation
+
+See the [download page](index.html).
+
+## What's new
+
+In this release, the GF "core" (compiler and runtimes) and RGL have been split into separate repositories.
+The binary packages on the downloads page contain both GF and the RGL, but the sources are now separate:
+[gf-core](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core) and
+[gf-rgl](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl).
+
+Over 300 changes have been pushed to GF and over 600 changes have been made to the RGL
+since the release of GF 3.9 in August 2017.
+
+## General
+
+- Travis integration:
+GF [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core) and
+RGL [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl)
+- A lot of bug fixes and repository cleanup, including things moved to new repositories:
+    - [Phrasebook](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-contrib/tree/master/phrasebook)
+    - [Wide coverage translator](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/wide-coverage)
+    - [Mobile apps](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-offline-translator)
+    - [gftest](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gftest)
+    - [gf-mode](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-emacs-mode) for Emacs
+    - [RGL browser](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/rgl-source-browser) (live [here](http://www.grammaticalframework.org/~john/rgl-browser/))
+- A fresh look for the GF website.
+
+## GF compiler and run-time library
+
+- Extensive improvements in the C runtime and bindings to it from Python, Java, Haskell, C#
+- A GF shell which uses the C runtime
+- Better error messages
+- GF now has a Stack configuration file
+- The compiler source code has been updated for compatibility with GHC 8.4.3.
+- `GF_LIB_PATH` can now be `path1:path2:path3`, not just `path1`
+- Add TypeScript type definitions for `gflib.js`
+- New compiler/shell options
+    - added option `-output-format=java` for producing code for embedded grammars in Java
+    - `rf -paragraphs`
+    - `linearize -tabtreebank`
+    - A new function called `completions` is added in the Haskell runtime and used in PGFService. This makes the extraction of completions more platform independent
+
+## Resource Grammar Library
+
+- [Bash build script](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl/blob/master/Setup.sh), for building the RGL without Haskell
+- [Windows build script](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl/blob/master/Setup.bat), for building the RGL without Haskell on a regular Windows command shell
+- New languages:
+    - Basque
+    - Portuguese
+- Big progress with Arabic, Turkish, Persian
+- Introduction of `Extend` module to combine the functions of `Extra` and `Extensions` in a more disciplined way
+- Various fixes for several languages.
+- Various fixes in the translation dictionaries.
+
+## Apps and Cloud services
+
+- Sort list of public grammars by age by default
+- Browser compatibility fixes
+- Allow public grammars to be deleted in more cases
+- Show grammar comments in the list of public grammars

download/release-3.11.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+---
+title: GF 3.11 Release Notes
+date: ... December 2020
+...
+
+## Installation
+
+See the [download page](index-3.11.html).
+
+## What's new
+
+From this release, the binary GF core packages do not contain the RGL.
+The RGL's release cycle is now completely separate from GF's. See [RGL releases](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl/releases).
+
+Over 400 changes have been pushed to GF core
+since the release of GF 3.10 in December 2018.
+
+## General
+
+- Make the test suite work again.
+- Compatibility with new versions of GHC, including multiple Stack files for the different versions.
+- Updates to build scripts and CI.
+- Bug fixes.
+
+## GF compiler and run-time library
+
+- Huge improvements in time & space requirements for grammar compilation (pending [#87](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/pull/87)).
+- Add CoNLL output to `visualize_tree` shell command.
+- Add canonical GF as output format in the compiler.
+- Add PGF JSON as output format in the compiler.
+- Deprecate JavaScript runtime in favour of updated [TypeScript runtime](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-typescript).
+- Improvements to Haskell export.
+- Improvements to the C runtime.
+- Improvements to `gf -server` mode.
+- Clearer compiler error messages.
+
+## Other
+
+- Web page and documentation improvements.
+- Add WordNet module to GFSE.

download/release-3.2.t2t

@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 GF Version 3.2 Release Notes
 December 2010
 
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png">
-
 ==Installation==
 
 See the [download page http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html].
@@ -34,8 +31,3 @@ See the [download page http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html].
 
 - GF compiler: GPL
 - Run-time libraries and Resource Grammar Library: LGPL + BSD
-
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]

download/release-3.3.3.t2t

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 GF Version 3.3.3 Release Notes
 March 2012
 
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"><TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png">
-
 ==Installation==
 
 See the [download page http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html].
@@ -25,8 +21,3 @@ See the [download page http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html].
 - Fix for a bug that prevented the shell commands ``abstract_info``,
   ``generate_random`` and ``generate_trees`` from working properly.
 - Various other small improvements and bug fixes.
-
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]

download/release-3.3.t2t

@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
 GF Version 3.3 Release Notes
 October 2011
 
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"><TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png">
-
 ==Installation==
 
 See the [download page http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html].
 
 ==New features==
 
-- Source language extension: it is now possible to override the oper definitions in an interface, by using the 
+- Source language extension: it is now possible to override the oper definitions in an interface, by using the
   header syntax ``instance Foo of Bar - [f,g,h]``.
 - New functionalities in GF shell commands (more information with ``help`` command-name).
   - ``aw`` = ``align_words`` option ``-giza`` prints word alignments in Giza++ format.
@@ -29,8 +25,3 @@ See the [download page http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html].
   and the web-based grammar editor.
 - Faster grammar compilation (also included in the GF 3.2.9 source-only
   snapshot).
-
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]

download/release-3.4.t2t

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 GF Version 3.4 Release Notes
 January 2013
 
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"> <TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-
 ==Installation==
 
 See the [download page http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html].
@@ -46,8 +42,3 @@ See the [download page http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html].
 - Some new functionality in the web-based grammar editor, e.g. preliminary
   support for public grammars.
 - Various other small improvements and bug fixes.
-
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]

download/release-3.5.t2t

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 GF 3.5 Release Notes
 August 2013
 
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"> <TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-
 ==Installation==
 
 See the [download page http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html].
@@ -70,7 +66,3 @@ of GF 3.4.
   [``network-2.4.1.1`` https://github.com/haskell/network/commit/f2168b1f8978b4ad9c504e545755f0795ac869ce].
 - Various other small improvements and bug fixes.
 %- [...]
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]

download/release-3.6.t2t

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 GF 3.6 Release Notes
 June 2014
 
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"> <TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-
 ==Installation==
 
 See the [download page http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html].
@@ -26,7 +22,7 @@ Closed [issues http://code.google.com/p/grammatical-framework/issues/list]:
   as ``--# -coding=``//enc//, instead of ``flags coding=``//enc//.
   See the separate document
   [GF character encoding changes encoding-change.html] for more details.
-- Record update: in record objects (but not types) of form ``r ** s``, the values assigned 
+- Record update: in record objects (but not types) of form ``r ** s``, the values assigned
   in ``s`` now overwrite those in ``r``. In previous versions, record extensions with
   overlapping assignments in ``r`` and ``s`` were not supported, and their behaviour was
   unpredictable.
@@ -107,8 +103,3 @@ Closed [issues http://code.google.com/p/grammatical-framework/issues/list]:
     - ``c-wordforword``: this works as ``c-translate`` but does a
       word-for-word lookup to create a (potentially very low quality)
       translation that can be used if all else fails.
-
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]

download/release-3.7.1.t2t

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 GF 3.7.1 Release Notes
 October 2015
 
-%!style:../css/notes.css
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"> <TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-
 ==Installation==
 
 See the [download page http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html].
@@ -18,10 +14,10 @@ Over 170 changes have been pushed to the source repository since
 
 ====New features and notable changes====
 
-- GF shell: ``cc -trace`` (preliminary): you can now do things like 
-  
+- GF shell: ``cc -trace`` (preliminary): you can now do things like
+
   	``cc -trace mkV "debug"``
-  
+
   to see a trace of all opers with their arguments and results during the
   computation of ``mkV "debug"``.
 
@@ -29,7 +25,7 @@ Over 170 changes have been pushed to the source repository since
   from the GF shell by starting GF with ``gf -cshell`` or ``gf -crun``.
   Only limited functionality is available when running the shell in these
   modes (use the ``help`` command in the shell for details):
-  
+
   - You can only import ``.pgf`` files, not source files.
   - The ``-retain`` flag can not be used and the commands that require it to
     work are not available.
@@ -77,8 +73,3 @@ Over 170 changes have been pushed to the source repository since
   you can leave ``&+`` uninterpreted instead of gluing the adjacent tokens.
   This means that the output is left in a format that can be parsed in
   a subsequent request.
-
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]

download/release-3.7.t2t

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 GF 3.7 Release Notes
 June 2015
 
-%!style:../css/style.css
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"> <TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-
 ==Installation==
 
 See the [download page http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html].
@@ -40,7 +36,7 @@ Over 800 changes have been pushed to the source repository since
   ``BIND``, ``SOFT_BIND``, ``SOFT_SPACE``, ``CAPIT``, ``ALL_CAPIT`` and
    ``nonExist``.
 - It is now possible to define callbacks for literals from the Haskell
-  binding to the C runtime. This is used for instance in 
+  binding to the C runtime. This is used for instance in
   the Wide Coverage translator on the Web.
 
 
@@ -103,8 +99,3 @@ Over 800 changes have been pushed to the source repository since
   unused for 24 hours, to keep memory use down in long running servers.
 - PGF service: limit the number of parallel calls to the C run-time parse
   function to 4 by default. The limit can be changed with the ``-j`` flag.
-
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]

download/release-3.8.t2t

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 GF 3.8 Release Notes
 June 2016
 
-%!style:../css/notes.css
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"> <TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-
 ==Installation==
 
 See the [download page http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html].
@@ -25,7 +21,7 @@ Roughly 400 changes have been pushed to the source repository since
   [universal dependency http://universaldependencies.org/] diagrams
   in various formats, see ``help vd``.
 - The C runtime now includes an experimental library for managing
-  and querying ontologies built on top of the abstract syntax of 
+  and querying ontologies built on top of the abstract syntax of
   a grammar. Since the ontology is based on an abstract syntax,
   it is language independent by design. For now the library is
   only used in the GF Offline Translator. The library uses
@@ -100,7 +96,3 @@ Roughly 400 changes have been pushed to the source repository since
   translations in the domain they cover.
   You can change the order in which the selected grammars are tried
   by dragging them up and down in the list.
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]

download/release-3.9.t2t

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 GF 3.9 Release Notes
 August 2017
 
-%!style:../css/notes.css
-%!postproc(html): <TITLE> <meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"> <TITLE>
-%!postproc(html): <H1> <H1><a href="../"><IMG src="../doc/Logos/gf0.png"></a>
-
 ==Installation==
 
 See the [download page http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html].
@@ -36,7 +32,7 @@ very innefficient for some grammars.
 
 - A new .NET binding for the GF runtime is available.
 
-- The API in the Java binding is extended and it covers more from 
+- The API in the Java binding is extended and it covers more from
 the full functionality of the C runtime.
 
 
@@ -66,8 +62,3 @@ the full functionality of the C runtime.
 
 - PGF service: support for language-specific depencency configurations in
   ``command=deptree``.
-
-
---------------------
-
-[www.grammaticalframework.org http://www.grammaticalframework.org]

gf.cabal

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name: gf
-version: 3.10
+version: 3.10.4-git
 
 cabal-version: >= 1.22
 build-type: Custom
@@ -11,9 +11,10 @@ description: GF, Grammatical Framework, is a programming language for multilingu
 homepage: http://www.grammaticalframework.org/
 bug-reports: https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/issues
 maintainer: Thomas Hallgren
-tested-with: GHC==7.6.3, GHC==7.8.3, GHC==7.10.3, GHC==8.0.2
+tested-with: GHC==7.10.3, GHC==8.0.2, GHC==8.2.2, GHC==8.4.3
 
 data-dir: src
+extra-source-files: WebSetup.hs
 data-files:
   www/*.html
   www/*.css
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ flag c-runtime
   Description: Include functionality from the C run-time library (which must be installed already)
   Default:     False
 
-Library
+library
   default-language:    Haskell2010
   build-depends: base >= 4.6 && <5,
                  array,
@@ -81,7 +82,12 @@ Library
                  random,
                  pretty,
                  mtl,
-                 exceptions
+                 exceptions,
+                 fail,
+                 -- For compatability with ghc < 8
+                 -- We need transformers-compat >= 0.6.3, but that is only in newer snapshots where it is redundant.
+                 transformers-compat,
+                 ghc-prim
   hs-source-dirs: src/runtime/haskell
 
   other-modules:
@@ -97,7 +103,6 @@ Library
 --if impl(ghc>=7.8)
 --  ghc-options: +RTS -A20M -RTS
   ghc-prof-options: -fprof-auto
-  extensions:
 
   exposed-modules:
     PGF
@@ -141,8 +146,8 @@ Library
 
 ---- GF compiler as a library:
 
-  build-depends: filepath, directory, time, time-compat, old-locale,
-                 process, haskeline, parallel>=3
+  build-depends: filepath, directory>=1.2, time,
+                 process, haskeline, parallel>=3, json
 
   hs-source-dirs: src/compiler
   exposed-modules:
@@ -150,6 +155,7 @@ Library
     GF.Support
     GF.Text.Pretty
     GF.Text.Lexing
+    GF.Grammar.Canonical
 
   other-modules:
     GF.Main GF.Compiler GF.Interactive
@@ -172,9 +178,7 @@ Library
     GF.Command.TreeOperations
     GF.Compile.CFGtoPGF
     GF.Compile.CheckGrammar
-    GF.Compile.Compute.AppPredefined
-    GF.Compile.Compute.ConcreteNew
---  GF.Compile.Compute.ConcreteNew1
+    GF.Compile.Compute.Concrete
     GF.Compile.Compute.Predef
     GF.Compile.Compute.Value
     GF.Compile.ExampleBased
@@ -188,7 +192,10 @@ Library
     GF.Compile.PGFtoJava
     GF.Haskell
     GF.Compile.ConcreteToHaskell
+    GF.Compile.GrammarToCanonical
+    GF.Grammar.CanonicalJSON
     GF.Compile.PGFtoJS
+    GF.Compile.PGFtoJSON
     GF.Compile.PGFtoProlog
     GF.Compile.PGFtoPython
     GF.Compile.ReadFiles
@@ -200,7 +207,6 @@ Library
     GF.Compile.TypeCheck.Concrete
     GF.Compile.TypeCheck.ConcreteNew
     GF.Compile.TypeCheck.Primitives
-    GF.Compile.TypeCheck.RConcrete
     GF.Compile.TypeCheck.TC
     GF.Compile.Update
     GF.Data.BacktrackM
@@ -267,7 +273,7 @@ Library
     cpp-options: -DC_RUNTIME
 
   if flag(server)
-    build-depends: httpd-shed>=0.4.0.3, network>=2.3 && <2.7, json,
+    build-depends: httpd-shed>=0.4.0.3, network>=2.3 && <2.7,
                    cgi>=3001.2.2.0
     if flag(network-uri)
       build-depends: network-uri>=2.6, network>=2.6
@@ -287,7 +293,9 @@ Library
       CGIUtils
       Cache
       Fold
-    hs-source-dirs: src/server src/server/transfer
+      ExampleDemo
+      ExampleService
+    hs-source-dirs: src/server src/server/transfer src/example-based
 
   if flag(interrupt)
     cpp-options: -DUSE_INTERRUPT
@@ -311,7 +319,7 @@ Library
   if impl(ghc>=8.2)
     ghc-options: -fhide-source-paths
 
-Executable gf
+executable gf
   hs-source-dirs: src/programs
   main-is: gf-main.hs
   default-language:    Haskell2010
@@ -344,4 +352,5 @@ test-suite gf-tests
   main-is:        run.hs
   hs-source-dirs: testsuite
   build-depends:  base>=4.3 && <5, Cabal>=1.8, directory, filepath, process
+  build-tool-depends: gf:gf
   default-language:    Haskell2010

index.html

@@ -1,418 +1,414 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<TITLE>GF - Grammatical Framework</TITLE>
-<meta charset="UTF-8">
-<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/newstyle.css" title="GF">
-<link rel="alternate" href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/" title="GF GitHub repository">
-<meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width">
-<script type="text/javascript">
-function sitesearch() {
-  var q=document.forms[0].q.value;
-  var site=" site:www.grammaticalframework.org";
-  var search=encodeURIComponent(q+site)
-  document.location.href="http://www.google.com/search?q="+search
-  return false;
-}
-</script>
-<meta name="keywords" content="machine translation">
-</HEAD>
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="utf-8">
 
-<body class=new>
+  <title>GF - Grammatical Framework</title>
+  <meta name="keywords" content="machine translation">
 
-<div class="header sky blue">
-<img class="gflogo" src="doc/Logos/gf1.svg" alt="">
-<H1>Grammatical Framework</H1>
-  <small class=tagline>A programming language for multilingual grammar applications</small>
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" crossorigin="anonymous">
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.4.2/css/all.css" integrity="sha384-/rXc/GQVaYpyDdyxK+ecHPVYJSN9bmVFBvjA/9eOB+pb3F2w2N6fc5qB9Ew5yIns" crossorigin="anonymous">
+
+  <link rel="alternate" href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/" title="GF GitHub repository">
+</head>
+
+<body>
+<div class="container-fluid my-5" style="max-width:1200px">
+
+<div class="text-center">
+  <img style="height:250px" src="doc/Logos/gf1.svg" alt="GF Logo">
+  <h1 class="display-4" style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 5px #999;">Grammatical Framework</h1>
+  <h4 class="text-black-50">A programming language for multilingual grammar applications</h4>
 </div>
 
-<div class=menu>
+<div class="row mt-4">
 
-<div class=links>
-  <h4>Use GF</h4>
-  <ul>
-    <li><a href="http://cloud.grammaticalframework.org/">GF Cloud<img class=right src="src/www/P/gf-cloud.png" alt="GF Cloud Service" title="GF Cloud Service"></a>
-    <li><A HREF="demos/index.html">Other Demos</A>
-  </ul>
-  <ul>
-    <li><A HREF="http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html"><b>Download GF</b></A>
-    <li><a href="doc/gf-editor-modes.html">GF Editor Modes</a>
-  </ul>
+  <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-3 mb-4">
+    <h3>Get started</h3>
+    <ul class="mb-2">
+      <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1LFbDQhbso">Google Tech Talk</a></li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="//cloud.grammaticalframework.org/">
+          GF Cloud
+          <img src="src/www/P/gf-cloud.png" style="height:30px" class="ml-2" alt="Cloud logo">
+        </a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">Tutorial</a>
+        /
+        <a href="lib/doc/rgl-tutorial/index.html">RGL Tutorial</a>
+      </li>
+      <li><a href="doc/gf-video-tutorials.html">Video Tutorials</a></li>
+    </ul>
 
-  <ul>
-    <li><A HREF="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-dev">User Group</A>
-    <li><a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/issues">Bug Reports</a>
-        (<a href="http://code.google.com/p/grammatical-framework/issues/list">old</a>)
-  </ul>
-</div>
+    <a href="download/index.html" class="btn btn-primary ml-3">
+      <i class="fas fa-download mr-1"></i>
+      Download GF
+    </a>
+  </div>
 
-<div class=links>
-  <h4>Learn GF</h4>
-  <ul>
-    <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1LFbDQhbso">Google Tech Talk</a>
-    <li><A HREF="doc/gf-quickstart.html">QuickStart</A>
-    <li><A HREF="doc/gf-reference.html">QuickRefCard</A>
-    <li><A HREF="doc/gf-shell-reference.html">GF Shell Reference</A>
-    <li><a href="http://school.grammaticalframework.org/"><b>GF Summer School</b></a>
-  </ul>
-  <ul>
-    <li><A HREF="gf-book">The GF Book</A>
-    <li><A HREF="doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">GF Tutorial</A>
-    <li><A HREF="doc/gf-refman.html">Reference Manual</A>
-    <li><A HREF="http://www.molto-project.eu/sites/default/files/MOLTO_D2.3.pdf">Best Practices</A> <small>[PDF]</small>
-  </ul>
-  <ul>
-    <li><A HREF="lib/doc/synopsis.html">Library Synopsis</A>
-    <li><A HREF="doc/gf-lrec-2010.pdf">Library Tutorial</A> <small>[PDF]</small>
-    <li><A HREF="http://www.postcrashgames.com/gf_world/">Coverage Map</A>
-  </ul>
+  <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-3 mb-4">
+    <h3>Learn more</h3>
 
-</div>
-<div class=links>
-  <h4>Develop GF</h4>
-  <ul>
-    <li><a href="doc/gf-developers.html">GF Developers Guide</a>
-    <li><A HREF="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/">GF on GitHub</A>
-    <li><a href="/~hallgren/gf-experiment/browse/">Browse Source Code</a>
-    <li><A HREF="doc/gf-people.html">Authors</A>
-  </ul>
-  <h4>Develop Applications</h4>
-  <ul>
-    <li><a href="http://hackage.haskell.org/package/gf-3.9/docs/PGF.html">PGF library API (Old Runtime)</a>
-    <li><a href="doc/runtime-api.html">PGF library API (New Runtime)</a>
-    <li><a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-offline-translator/tree/master/android">GF on Android (new)</a>
-    <li><A HREF="/android/">GF on Android (old) </A>
-  </ul>
-</div>
-<div class=links>
-  <h4>Related to GF</h4>
-  <ul>
-    <li><A HREF="doc/gf-bibliography.html">Publications</A>
-    <li><A HREF="http://remu.grammaticalframework.org/">The REMU Project</A>
-    <li><A HREF="http://www.molto-project.eu">The MOLTO Project</A>
-    <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_Framework">GF on Wikipedia</a>
-    <li><p><a href="Http://www.digitalgrammars.com/">Digital Grammars AB</a>
-  </ul>
-</div>
-</div>
+    <ul class="mb-2">
+      <li><a href="gf-book">The GF Book</a></li>
+      <li><a href="doc/gf-refman.html">Reference Manual</a></li>
+      <li><a href="doc/gf-shell-reference.html">Shell Reference</a></li>
+      <li><a href="http://www.molto-project.eu/sites/default/files/MOLTO_D2.3.pdf">Best Practices</a> <small>[PDF]</small></li>
+      <li><a href="https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/COLI_a_00378">Scaling Up (Computational Linguistics 2020)</a></li>
+    </ul>
 
+    <a href="lib/doc/synopsis/index.html" class="btn btn-primary ml-3">
+      <i class="fab fa-readme mr-1"></i>
+      RGL Synopsis
+    </a>
+  </div>
 
-<script type="text/javascript">
-document.write('<div style="float: right; margin-top: 3ex;">  <form onsubmit="return sitesearch()" method=get action="http://www.google.com/search">  <input type=search name="q" placeholder="site search">  <input type=submit value="Search">  </form></div>')
-</script>
+  <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-3 mb-4">
+    <h3>Develop</h3>
+    <ul class="mb-2">
+      <li><a href="doc/gf-developers.html">Developers Guide</a></li>
+      <!-- <li><a href="/~hallgren/gf-experiment/browse/">Browse Source Code</a></li> -->
+      <li>PGF library API:<br>
+        <a href="http://hackage.haskell.org/package/gf/docs/PGF.html">Haskell</a> /
+        <a href="doc/runtime-api.html">C&nbsp;runtime</a>
+      </li>
+      <li><a href="http://hackage.haskell.org/package/gf/docs/GF.html">GF compiler API</a></li>
+      <!-- <li><a href="src/ui/android/README">GF on Android (new)</a></li>
+      <li><a href="/android/">GF on Android (old) </a></li> -->
+      <li><a href="doc/gf-editor-modes.html">Text Editor Support</a></li>
+      <li><a href="http://www.grammaticalframework.org/~john/rgl-browser/">RGL source browser</a></li>
+    </ul>
+  </div>
 
-<H2 class=noclear>News</H2>
-
-<div class=news2>
-
-  <table class=news>
-<tr><td>2018-07-25:<td>The GF repository has been split in two:
-  <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core">gf-core</a> and
-  <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl">gf-rgl</a>.
-  The original <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/GF">GF</a> repository is now archived.
-<tr><td>2017-08-11:<td><strong>GF 3.9 released!</strong>
-  <a href="download/release-3.9.html">Release notes</a>.
-<tr><td>2017-06-29:<td>GF is moving to <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/GF/">GitHub</a>!
-<tr><td>2017-03-13:<td><strong>GF Summer School in Riga (Latvia), 14-25 August 2017</strong>
-    <a href="http://school.grammaticalframework.org/2017/">Summer
-  School web page</a>.
-<tr><td>2016-09-07:<td><strong>Google Tech Talk on GF</strong> <a
-  href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1LFbDQhbso">on Youtube</a>.
-<tr><td>2016-07-05:<td>GitHub mirror temporarily not updated, due to server migration.
-<tr><td>2016-06-22:<td><strong>GF 3.8 released!</strong>
-  <a href="download/release-3.8.html">Release notes</a>.
-<tr><td>2015-06-21:<td><strong>Summer School in Rule-Based Machine
-  Translation in Alacant/Alicante (Spain), 11-21 July 2016</strong>
-  featuring GF, Apertium, Matxin, and TectoMT.
-    <a href="http://xixona.dlsi.ua.es/rbmt-summer-school/2016/">Summer
-  School web page</a>.
-<tr><td>2016-06-14:<td>New resource grammar language: Nynorsk.
-<tr><td>2015-10-02:<td><strong>GF 3.7.1 released!</strong>
-    <a href="download/release-3.7.1.html">Release notes</a>.
-<tr><td>2015-06-25:<td><strong>GF 3.7 released!</strong>
-    <a href="download/release-3.7.html">Release notes</a>.
-<tr><td>2015-03-13:<td>New resource grammar language: Mongolian.
-    See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
-<tr><td>2015-02-09:<td><strong>GF Summer School in Gozo (Malta), 13-24 July 2015</strong>
-    <a href="http://school.grammaticalframework.org/2015/">Summer
-  School web page</a>.
-<tr><td>2014-06-23:<td><strong>GF 3.6 released!</strong>
-    <a href="download/release-3.6.html">Release notes</a>.
-<tr><td>2014-03-11:
-    <td>A company for commercial applications of GF has been founded:
-        <a href="http://www.digitalgrammars.com/">Digital Grammars</a>.
-<tr><td>2013-11-25:
-    <td>The default character encoding in GF grammar files will be changed
-        from Latin-1 to UTF-8. See
-       <a href="download/encoding-change.html">GF character encoding changes</a>
-        for details.
-<tr><td>2013-10-18:<td>New resource grammar language: Estonian.
-    See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
-<tr><td>2013-09-18:<td>New <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-contrib">GF contributions repository</a>, hosted on GitHub.
-<tr><td>2013-08-06:<td><strong>GF 3.5 released!</strong>
-    <a href="download/release-3.5.html">Release notes</a>.
-<tr><td>2013-07-26:<td>Started a page with <A HREF="lib/doc/rgl-publications.html">RGL Documentation and Publications</A>.
-<tr><td>2013-06-24:<td>We are now running the IRC channel <a href="https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=gf"><strong><code>#gf</code></strong></a> on the Freenode network.
-<tr><td>2013-06-19:<td>New resource grammar language: Maltese.
-    See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
-<tr><td>2013-04-25:<td>New resource grammar language: Greek.
-    See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
-<tr><td>2013-01-31:<td><strong>GF 3.4 released!</strong>
-    <a href="download/release-3.4.html">Release notes</a>.
-<tr><td>2012-12-10:<td>
-  <a href="http://www.postcrashgames.com/gf_world/">Resource Grammar Library
-  coverage map</a>, created by Tommi Nieminen.
-<!--
-<tr><td>2012-11-18:<td>
-  <A HREF="http://school.grammaticalframework.org/2013">GF Summer School</A>
-  in Frauenchiemsee, 18-30 August 2013.
-<tr><td>2012-11-18:<td>New resource grammar language: Chinese.
-    See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
-    Complete but not yet perfect.
-<tr><td>2012-06-29:<td>GF sources now mirrored in GitHub, with change
-  statistics and other browsing features.
-  See <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/GF/"><tt>github.com/GrammaticalFramework/GF</tt></a>
-<tr><td>2012-05-07:<td>New resource grammar language: Japanese.
-    See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
-<tr><td>2012-03-23:<td>There will be a
-  <a href="gf-tutorial-icfp-2012/">GF tutorial at ICFP 2012</a>
-  in Copenhagen.
-<tr><td>2012-03-03:<td><strong>GF 3.3.3 released!</strong>
-    <a href="download/release-3.3.3.html">Release notes</a>.
-  <tr><td>2012-02-24:<td>New resource grammar languages: Hindi, Sindhi.
-    See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
-<tr><td>2011-12-29:<td>New resource grammar languages: Latvian, Thai.
-    See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
-<tr><td>2011-10-27:<td><strong>GF 3.3 released!</strong>
-    <a href="download/release-3.3.html">Release notes</a>.
-<tr><td>2011-09-20:<td>There is now a page collecting
-  <a href="doc/gf-editor-modes.html">editor modes for GF</a>.
-  Contributions are welcome!
-<tr><td>2011-09-12:<td><strong>GF 3.2.9</strong> source snapshot with faster grammar compilation available. See <a href="download/index.html">Downloads</a>.
-<tr><td>2011-04-22:<td><a href="android/tutorial/">JPGF Android Tutorial</a> added.
-<tr><td>2011-04-15:<td>The <a href="gf-book">GF Book</a> is available.
-<tr><td>2011-01-13:<td><a href="http://www.molto-project.eu/node/1177">Phrasedroid
-    available on the Android Market</a>.
-<tr><td>2011-01-04:<td>GF is part of the
-    <a href="http://www.clt.gu.se/clt-toolkit">CLT Toolkit</a>.
-<tr><td>2010-12-23:<td><strong>GF 3.2 released!</strong>
-    <a href="download/release-3.2.html">Release notes</a>.
--->
-</table>
+  <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-3 mb-4">
+    <h3>Contribute</h3>
+    <ul class="mb-2">
+      <li><a href="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-dev">Mailing List</a></li>
+      <li><a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/issues">Issue Tracker</a></li>
+      <li><a href="doc/gf-people.html">Authors</a></li>
+      <li><a href="//school.grammaticalframework.org/2020/">Summer School</a></li>
+    </ul>
+    <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/" class="btn btn-primary ml-3">
+      <i class="fab fa-github mr-1"></i>
+        GF on GitHub
+    </a>
+  </div>
 
 </div>
 
-<H2>What is GF</H2>
-<P>
+<h2>What is GF?</h2>
+<p>
 GF, Grammatical Framework, is a programming language for
-<B>multilingual grammar applications</B>. It is
-</P>
-<UL>
-<LI>a <B>special-purpose language for grammars</B>, like
+<strong>multilingual grammar applications</strong>. It is
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>a <strong>special-purpose language for grammars</strong>, like
   <a href="http://dinosaur.compilertools.net/yacc/">YACC</a>,
   <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/">Bison</a>,
   <a href="http://www.haskell.org/happy/">Happy</a>,
   <a href="http://bnfc.digitalgrammars.com/">BNFC</a>,
   but not restricted to programming languages
-<LI>a <B>functional programming language</B>, like
+</li>
+<li>a <strong>functional programming language</strong>, like
   <a href="http://www.haskell.org/">Haskell</a>,
   <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)">Lisp</a>,
   <a href="http://ocaml.org/">OCaml</a>,
   <a href="http://www.smlnj.org/">SML</a>,
   <a href="http://schemers.org/">Scheme</a>,
   but specialized to grammar writing
-<LI>a <B>development platform for natural language grammars</B>, like
+</li>
+<li>a <strong>development platform for natural language grammars</strong>, like
   <a href="http://moin.delph-in.net/LkbTop">LKB</a>,
   <a href="http://www2.parc.com/isl/groups/nltt/xle/">XLE</a>,
   <a href="http://www.issco.unige.ch/en/research/projects/regulus/news.shtml">Regulus</a>,
   but based on functional programming and type theory
-<LI>a <B>categorial grammar formalism</B>, like
+</li>
+<li>a <strong>categorial grammar formalism</strong>, like
   <a href="http://www.loria.fr/equipes/calligramme/acg/">ACG</a>,
   <a href="http://openccg.sourceforge.net/">CCG</a>,
   but specialized for multilingual grammars,
-<LI>a <B>logical framework</B>, like
+</li>
+<li>a <strong>logical framework</strong>, like
   <a href="http://wiki.portal.chalmers.se/agda/pmwiki.php">Agda</a>,
   <a href="http://coq.inria.fr/">Coq</a>,
   <a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/hvg/Isabelle/">Isabelle</a>,
   but equipped with concrete syntax in addition to logic
-<li>a <b>platform for machine translation</b>, like
+</li>
+<li>a <strong>platform for machine translation</strong>, like
   <a href="http://www.statmt.org/moses/">Moses</a>,
   <a href="http://www.apertium.org/">Apertium</a>,
   but based on deep structural analysis (and usually applied for
   limited fragments of language).
-</UL>
+</li>
+</ul>
 
-<P>
+<p>
 Don't worry if you don't know most of the references above - but if you do know at
 least one, it may help you to get a first idea of what GF is.
-</P>
-<H2>Applications</H2>
-<P>
-GF can be used for building
-</P>
-<UL>
-<LI><A HREF="http://cloud.grammaticalframework.org/translator/">translation systems</A>
-<LI><A HREF="http://cloud.grammaticalframework.org/minibar/minibar.html">multilingual web gadgets</A>
-<LI><A HREF="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~hallgren/Alfa/Tutorial/GFplugin.html">natural-language interfaces</A>
-<LI><A HREF="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bfaYHWS6zU">dialogue systems</A>
-<LI><A HREF="lib/doc/synopsis.html">natural language resources</A>
-</UL>
-
-<H2>Availability</H2>
-<P>
-GF is <B>open-source</B>, licensed under <A HREF="LICENSE">GPL</A> (the program) and
-<A HREF="./LICENSE">LGPL</A> and <A HREF="./LICENSE">BSD</A> (the libraries). It
-is available for
-</P>
-<UL>
-<LI>Linux
-<LI>Mac OS X
-<LI>Windows
-<li>Android mobile platform (via Java; runtime)
-<LI>via compilation to JavaScript, almost any platform that has a web browser (runtime)
-</UL>
-
-<H2>Projects</H2>
-<P>
-GF was first created in 1998 at
-<A HREF="http://www.xrce.xerox.com/">Xerox Research Centre Europe</A>,
-Grenoble, in the project
-Multilingual Document Authoring. At Xerox, it was used for prototypes including
-a restaurant phrase book,
-a database query system,
-a formalization of an alarm system instructions with translations to 5 languages, and
-an authoring system for medical drug descriptions.
-</P>
-<P>
-Later projects using GF and involving third parties include, in chronological order,
-</P>
-<UL>
-<LI><A HREF="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~hallgren/Alfa/Tutorial/GFplugin.html">GF-Alfa</A>:
-  natural language interface to formal proofs
-<LI><A HREF="http://efficient.citi.tudor.lu/index_noframe.html">Efficient</A>:
-  authoring tool for business models.
-<LI><A HREF="http://www.key-project.org/">GF-KeY</A>:
-  authoring and translation of software specifications
-<LI><A HREF="http://www.talk-project.org">TALK</A>:
-  multilingual and multimodal spoken dialogue systems
-<LI><A HREF="http://webalt.math.helsinki.fi/">WebALT</A>:
-  multilingual generation of mathematical exercises (commercial project)
-<LI><A HREF="http://spraakbanken.gu.se/sal/">SALDO</A>:
-  Swedish morphological dictionary based on rules developed for GF and
-  <A HREF="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/alumni/markus/FM/">Functional Morphology</A>
-<LI><a href="http://www.molto-project.eu">MOLTO</a>:
-  multilingual online translation
-<LI><a href="http://remu.grammaticalframework.org">REMU</a>:
-  reliable multilingual digital communication.
-</UL>
-<p>
-Here is a <a
-href="http://videos.xrce.xerox.com/index.php/videos/index/618">talk
-about GF at XRCE</a>,
-14 years later.
-
-<P>
-Academically, GF has been used in at least ten PhD theses and resulted
-in more than a hundred
-scientific publications (see <A HREF="doc/gf-bibliography.html">GF publication list</A>).
-</P>
-<H2>Programming in GF</H2>
-<P>
-GF is easy to learn by following the <A HREF="doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">tutorial</A>.
-You can write your first translator in 15 minutes.
-</P>
-<P>
-GF has an interactive command interpreter, as well as a batch compiler.
-Grammars can be compiled to parser and translator code in many different
-formats.  These components can then be embedded in applications written
-in other programming languages. The formats currently supported are:
-</P>
-<UL>
-<LI>Haskell
-<li>Java, in particular the Android platform
-<LI>JavaScript
-<LI>Speech recognition: HTK/ATK, Nuance, JSGF
-</UL>
-
-<P>
-The GF programming language is high-level and advanced, featuring
-</P>
-<UL>
-<LI>static type checking
-<LI>higher-order functions
-<LI>dependent types
-<LI>pattern matching with data constructors and regular expressions
-<LI>module system with multiple inheritance and parametrized modules
-</UL>
-
-<h3>Getting help</h3>
-<p>
-If you need some help with GF, the first places to start are the <a href="doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">Tutorial</a> and <a href="doc/gf-refman.html">Reference</a> pages.
-The printed <a href="gf-book">book</a> contains all the material in the tutorial and some extra bits, and is the recommended reference for GF.
 </p>
 
-<p>
-We run the IRC channel <strong><code>#gf</code></strong> on the Freenode network, where you are welcome to look for help with small questions or just start a general discussion.
-IRC logs (in raw format) are available <a href="irc/">here</a>.
-If you have a larger question which the community may benefit from, we recommend you ask it on the <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-dev">mailing list</a>.
-</p>
+<hr>
 
-<H2>Libraries</H2>
-<P>
-Libraries are at the heart of modern software engineering. In natural language
-applications, libraries are a way to cope with thousands of details involved in
-syntax, lexicon, and inflection. The
-<A HREF="lib/doc/synopsis.html">GF resource grammar library</A> has
-support for an increasing number of languages, currently including
-</P>
-<ol class=languages>
-<LI>Afrikaans
-<LI>Amharic (partial)
-<LI>Arabic (partial)
-<LI>Bulgarian
-<LI>Catalan
-<LI>Chinese
-<LI>Danish
-<LI>Dutch
-<LI>English
-<LI>Estonian
-<LI>Finnish
-<LI>French
-<LI>German
-<li>Greek ancient (partial)
-<li>Greek modern
-<li>Hebrew (fragments)
-<LI>Hindi
-<LI><A HREF="http://www.interlingua.com/">Interlingua</A>
-<LI>Japanese
-<LI>Italian
-<LI>Latin (fragments)
-<LI>Latvian
-<li>Maltese
-<li>Mongolian
-<LI>Nepali
-<LI>Norwegian bokmål
-<LI>Norwegian nynorsk
-<LI>Persian
-<LI>Polish
-<li>Punjabi
-<LI>Romanian
-<LI>Russian
-<LI>Sindhi
-<LI>Slovene (partial)
-<LI>Spanish
-<li>Swahili (fragments)
-<LI>Swedish
-<LI>Thai
-<LI>Turkish (fragments)
-<LI>Urdu
-</ol>
+<div class="row">
 
-<P>
-Adding a language to the resource library takes 3 to 9
-months - contributions
-are welcome! You can start with the <A HREF="doc/gf-lrec-2010.pdf">resource grammarian's tutorial</A>.
+  <div class="col-md-6">
+    <h2>Applications & Availability</h2>
+    <p>
+    GF can be used for building
+    <a href="//cloud.grammaticalframework.org/translator/">translation systems</a>,
+    <a href="//cloud.grammaticalframework.org/minibar/minibar.html">multilingual web gadgets</a>,
+    <a href="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~hallgren/Alfa/Tutorial/GFplugin.html">natural-language interfaces</a>,
+    <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bfaYHWS6zU">dialogue systems</a>, and
+    <a href="lib/doc/synopsis/index.html">natural language resources</a>.
+    </p>
 
+    <p>
+    GF is <strong>open-source</strong>, licensed under <a href="LICENSE">GPL</a> (the program) and
+    <a href="LICENSE">LGPL</a> and <a href="LICENSE">BSD</a> (the libraries). It
+    is available for
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+    <li>Linux</li>
+    <li>macOS</li>
+    <li>Windows</li>
+    <li>Android mobile platform (via Java; runtime)</li>
+    <li>iOS mobile platform (iPhone, iPad)</li>
+    <li>via compilation to JavaScript, almost any platform that has a web browser (runtime)</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <h2>Programming in GF</h2>
+    <p>
+    GF is easy to learn by following the <a href="doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">tutorial</a>.
+    You can write your first translator in 15 minutes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+    GF has an interactive command interpreter, as well as a batch compiler.
+    Grammars can be compiled to parser and translator code in many different
+    formats.  These components can then be embedded in applications written
+    in other programming languages. The formats currently supported are:
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+    <li>Haskell</li>
+    <li>Java, in particular the Android platform</li>
+    <li>JavaScript</li>
+    <li>Speech recognition: HTK/ATK, Nuance, JSGF</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>
+    The GF programming language is high-level and advanced, featuring:
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+    <li>static type checking</li>
+    <li>higher-order functions</li>
+    <li>dependent types</li>
+    <li>pattern matching with data constructors and regular expressions</li>
+    <li>module system with multiple inheritance and parametrized modules</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <h3>Getting help</h3>
+    <p>
+    If you need some help with GF, the first places to start are the <a href="doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">Tutorial</a> and <a href="doc/gf-refman.html">Reference</a> pages.
+    The printed <a href="gf-book">book</a> contains all the material in the tutorial and some extra bits, and is the recommended reference for GF.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+    We run the IRC channel <strong><code>#gf</code></strong> on the Freenode network, where you are welcome to look for help with small questions or just start a general discussion.
+    You can <a href="https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=gf">open a web chat</a>
+    or <a href="/irc/">browse the channel logs</a>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+    If you have a larger question which the community may benefit from, we recommend you ask it on the <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-dev">mailing list</a>.
+    </p>
+
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="col-md-6">
+    <h2>News</h2>
+
+    <dl class="row">
+      <dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2021-05-05</dt>
+      <dd class="col-sm-9">
+        <a href="https://cloud.grammaticalframework.org/wordnet/">GF WordNet</a> now supports languages for which there are no other WordNets. New additions: Afrikaans, German, Korean, Maltese, Polish, Somali, Swahili.
+      </dd>
+      <dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2021-03-01</dt>
+      <dd class="col-sm-9">
+        <a href="//school.grammaticalframework.org/2020/">Seventh GF Summer School</a>, in Singapore and online, 26 July &ndash; 8 August 2021.
+      </dd>
+      <dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2020-09-29</dt>
+      <dd class="col-sm-9">
+        <a href="https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/COLI_a_00378">Abstract Syntax as Interlingua</a>: Scaling Up the Grammatical Framework from Controlled Languages to Robust Pipelines. A paper in Computational Linguistics (2020) summarizing much of the development in GF in the past ten years.
+      </dd>
+      <dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2018-12-03</dt>
+      <dd class="col-sm-9">
+        <a href="//school.grammaticalframework.org/2018/">Sixth GF Summer School</a> in Stellenbosch (South Africa), 3–14 December 2018
+      </dd>
+      <dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2018-12-02</dt>
+      <dd class="col-sm-9">
+        <strong>GF 3.10 released.</strong>
+        <a href="download/release-3.10.html">Release notes</a>
+      </dd>
+      <dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2018-07-25</dt>
+      <dd class="col-sm-9">
+        The GF repository has been split in two:
+        <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core">gf-core</a> and
+        <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl">gf-rgl</a>.
+        The original <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/GF">GF</a> repository is now archived.
+      </dd>
+      <dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2017-08-11</dt>
+      <dd class="col-sm-9">
+        <strong>GF 3.9 released.</strong>
+        <a href="download/release-3.9.html">Release notes</a>
+      </dd>
+      <dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2017-06-29</dt>
+      <dd class="col-sm-9">
+        GF is moving to <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/GF/">GitHub</a>.</dd>
+      <dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2017-03-13</dt>
+      <dd class="col-sm-9">
+        <a href="//school.grammaticalframework.org/2017/">GF Summer School</a> in Riga (Latvia), 14-25 August 2017
+      </dd>
+    </dl>
+
+    <h2>Projects</h2>
+    <p>
+    GF was first created in 1998 at
+    <a href="http://www.xrce.xerox.com/">Xerox Research Centre Europe</a>,
+    Grenoble, in the project
+    Multilingual Document Authoring. At Xerox, it was used for prototypes including
+    a restaurant phrase book,
+    a database query system,
+    a formalization of an alarm system instructions with translations to 5 languages, and
+    an authoring system for medical drug descriptions.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+    Later projects using GF and involving third parties include, in chronological order:
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+    <li>
+      <a href="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~hallgren/Alfa/Tutorial/GFplugin.html">GF-Alfa</a>:
+      natural language interface to formal proofs
+    </li>
+    <li>
+      <a href="http://efficient.citi.tudor.lu/index_noframe.html">Efficient</a>:
+      authoring tool for business models.
+    </li>
+    <li>
+      <a href="http://www.key-project.org/">GF-KeY</a>:
+      authoring and translation of software specifications
+    </li>
+    <li>
+      <a href="http://www.talk-project.org">TALK</a>:
+      multilingual and multimodal spoken dialogue systems
+    </li>
+    <li>
+      <a href="http://webalt.math.helsinki.fi/">WebALT</a>:
+      multilingual generation of mathematical exercises (commercial project)
+    </li>
+    <li>
+      <a href="http://spraakbanken.gu.se/sal/">SALDO</a>:
+      Swedish morphological dictionary based on rules developed for GF and
+      <a href="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/alumni/markus/FM/">Functional Morphology</a>
+    </li>
+    <li>
+      <a href="//www.molto-project.eu">MOLTO</a>:
+      multilingual online translation
+    </li>
+    <li>
+      <a href="//remu.grammaticalframework.org">REMU</a>:
+      reliable multilingual digital communication
+    </li>
+    </ul>
+    <!-- <p>
+    Here is a <a
+    href="http://videos.xrce.xerox.com/index.php/videos/index/618">talk
+    about GF at XRCE</a>,
+    14 years later.
+    </p> -->
+
+    <p>
+    Academically, GF has been used in at least ten PhD theses and resulted
+    in more than a hundred scientific publications.
+     <!-- (see <a href="doc/gf-bibliography.html">GF publication list</a>). -->
+    </p>
+
+    <h2>Libraries</h2>
+    <p>
+    Libraries are at the heart of modern software engineering. In natural language
+    applications, libraries are a way to cope with thousands of details involved in
+    syntax, lexicon, and inflection. The
+    <a href="lib/doc/synopsis/index.html">GF resource grammar library</a> has
+    support for an increasing number of languages, currently including
+    Afrikaans,
+    Amharic (partial),
+    Arabic (partial),
+    Basque (partial),
+    Bulgarian,
+    Catalan,
+    Chinese,
+    Czech (partial),
+    Danish,
+    Dutch,
+    English,
+    Estonian,
+    Finnish,
+    French,
+    German,
+    Greek ancient (partial),
+    Greek modern,
+    Hebrew (fragments),
+    Hindi,
+    Hungarian (partial),
+    Interlingua,
+    Italian,
+    Japanese,
+    Korean (partial),
+    Latin (partial),
+    Latvian,
+    Maltese,
+    Mongolian,
+    Nepali,
+    Norwegian bokmål,
+    Norwegian nynorsk,
+    Persian,
+    Polish,
+    Punjabi,
+    Romanian,
+    Russian,
+    Sindhi,
+    Slovak (partial),
+    Slovene (partial),
+    Somali (partial),
+    Spanish,
+    Swahili (fragments),
+    Swedish,
+    Thai,
+    Turkish (fragments),
+    and
+    Urdu.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+    Adding a language to the resource library takes 3 to 9
+    months - contributions
+    are welcome! You can start with the <a href="lib/doc/rgl-tutorial/index.html">resource grammarian's tutorial</a>.
+    </p>
+
+  </div><!-- .col-6 -->
+
+</div><!-- .row -->
+
+</div><!-- .container -->
+
+<footer class="bg-light mt-5 py-4">
+  <div class="container mb-3">
+    <div class="text-center text-muted">
+      <img style="height:50px; filter: opacity(.5) grayscale(1);" class="mb-3" src="doc/Logos/gf0.svg" alt="GF Logo"><br>
+      Grammatical Framework is free and open source,<br>
+      with some support from <a href="https://www.digitalgrammars.com/">Digital Grammars AB</a>.
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</footer>
 
 <script type="text/javascript">
 var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
@@ -423,5 +419,6 @@ try {
 var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-7811807-3");
 pageTracker._trackPageview();
 } catch(err) {}</script>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
+
+</body>
+</html>

src/compiler/GF.hs

@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ module GF(
            module GF.Grammar.Printer,
            module GF.Infra.Ident,
            -- ** Binary serialisation
-           module GF.Grammar.Binary
+           module GF.Grammar.Binary,
+           -- * Canonical GF
+           module GF.Compile.GrammarToCanonical
   ) where
 import GF.Main
 import GF.Compiler
@@ -36,3 +38,5 @@ import GF.Grammar.Macros
 import GF.Grammar.Printer
 import GF.Infra.Ident
 import GF.Grammar.Binary
+
+import GF.Compile.GrammarToCanonical

src/compiler/GF/Command/Commands.hs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances, UndecidableInstances #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances, UndecidableInstances, CPP #-}
 module GF.Command.Commands (
   PGFEnv,HasPGFEnv(..),pgf,mos,pgfEnv,pgfCommands,
   options,flags,
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import Data.Maybe
 import qualified Data.Map as Map
 import GF.Text.Pretty
 import Data.List (sort)
+import qualified Control.Monad.Fail as Fail
 --import Debug.Trace
 
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ pgfEnv pgf = Env pgf mos
 
 class (Functor m,Monad m,MonadSIO m) => HasPGFEnv m where getPGFEnv :: m PGFEnv
 
-instance (Monad m,HasPGFEnv m) => TypeCheckArg m where
+instance (Monad m,HasPGFEnv m,Fail.MonadFail m) => TypeCheckArg m where
   typeCheckArg e = (either (fail . render . ppTcError) (return . fst)
                     . flip inferExpr e . pgf) =<< getPGFEnv
 
@@ -740,7 +741,7 @@ pgfCommands = Map.fromList [
                                      Nothing   -> do putStrLn ("unknown category of function identifier "++show id)
                                                      return void
          [e]         -> case inferExpr pgf e of
-                          Left tcErr   -> error $ render (ppTcError tcErr)
+                          Left tcErr   -> errorWithoutStackTrace $ render (ppTcError tcErr)
                           Right (e,ty) -> do putStrLn ("Expression:  "++showExpr [] e)
                                              putStrLn ("Type:        "++showType [] ty)
                                              putStrLn ("Probability: "++show (probTree pgf e))
@@ -1018,3 +1019,7 @@ stanzas = map unlines . chop . lines where
   chop ls = case break (=="") ls of
     (ls1,[])  -> [ls1]
     (ls1,_:ls2) -> ls1 : chop ls2
+
+#if !(MIN_VERSION_base(4,9,0))
+errorWithoutStackTrace = error
+#endif

src/compiler/GF/Command/Commands2.hs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import Data.Maybe
 import qualified Data.Map as Map
 import GF.Text.Pretty
 import Control.Monad(mplus)
+import qualified Control.Monad.Fail as Fail
 
 
 data PGFEnv = Env {pgf::Maybe PGF,concs::Map.Map ConcName Concr}
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ data PGFEnv = Env {pgf::Maybe PGF,concs::Map.Map ConcName Concr}
 pgfEnv pgf = Env (Just pgf) (languages pgf)
 emptyPGFEnv = Env Nothing Map.empty
 
-class (Monad m,MonadSIO m) => HasPGFEnv m where getPGFEnv :: m PGFEnv
+class (Fail.MonadFail m,MonadSIO m) => HasPGFEnv m where getPGFEnv :: m PGFEnv
 
 instance (Monad m,HasPGFEnv m) => TypeCheckArg m where
   typeCheckArg e = do env <- getPGFEnv
@@ -806,14 +807,22 @@ hsExpr c =
     Just (f,cs) -> H.mkApp (H.mkCId f) (map hsExpr cs)
     _ -> case unStr c of
            Just str -> H.mkStr str
-           _ -> error $ "GF.Command.Commands2.hsExpr "++show c
+           _ -> case unInt c of
+                  Just n -> H.mkInt n
+                  _ -> case unFloat c of
+                         Just d -> H.mkFloat d
+                         _ -> error $ "GF.Command.Commands2.hsExpr "++show c
 
 cExpr e =
   case H.unApp e of
     Just (f,es) -> mkApp (H.showCId f) (map cExpr es)
     _ -> case H.unStr e of
            Just str -> mkStr str
-           _ -> error $ "GF.Command.Commands2.cExpr "++show e
+           _ -> case H.unInt e of
+                  Just n -> mkInt n
+                  _ -> case H.unFloat e of
+                         Just d -> mkFloat d
+                         _ -> error $ "GF.Command.Commands2.cExpr "++show e
 
 needPGF exec opts ts =
   do Env mb_pgf cncs <- getPGFEnv

src/compiler/GF/Command/CommonCommands.hs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import GF.Command.Abstract --(isOpt,valStrOpts,prOpt)
 import GF.Text.Pretty
 import GF.Text.Transliterations
 import GF.Text.Lexing(stringOp,opInEnv)
+import Data.Char (isSpace)
 
 import qualified PGF as H(showCId,showExpr,toATree,toTrie,Trie(..))
 
@@ -170,7 +171,8 @@ commonCommands = fmap (mapCommandExec liftSIO) $ Map.fromList [
        restrictedSystem $ syst ++ " <" ++ tmpi ++ " >" ++ tmpo
        fmap fromString $ restricted $ readFile tmpo,
        -}
-       fmap fromString . restricted . readShellProcess syst $ toString arg,
+       fmap (fromStrings . lines) . restricted . readShellProcess syst . unlines . map (dropWhile (=='\n')) $ toStrings $ arg,
+
      flags = [
        ("command","the system command applied to the argument")
        ],

src/compiler/GF/Command/Interpreter.hs

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ import GF.Infra.UseIO(putStrLnE)
 
 import Control.Monad(when)
 import qualified Data.Map as Map
+import GF.Infra.UseIO (Output)
+import qualified Control.Monad.Fail as Fail
 
 data CommandEnv m = CommandEnv {
   commands      :: Map.Map String (CommandInfo m),
@@ -22,6 +24,7 @@ data CommandEnv m = CommandEnv {
 mkCommandEnv cmds = CommandEnv cmds Map.empty Map.empty
 
 --interpretCommandLine :: CommandEnv -> String -> SIO ()
+interpretCommandLine :: (Fail.MonadFail m, Output m, TypeCheckArg m) => CommandEnv m -> String -> m ()
 interpretCommandLine env line =
   case readCommandLine line of
     Just []    -> return ()

src/compiler/GF/Command/SourceCommands.hs

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ import GF.Grammar.Parser (runP, pExp)
 import GF.Grammar.ShowTerm
 import GF.Grammar.Lookup (allOpers,allOpersTo)
 import GF.Compile.Rename(renameSourceTerm)
-import qualified GF.Compile.Compute.ConcreteNew as CN(normalForm,resourceValues)
-import GF.Compile.TypeCheck.RConcrete as TC(inferLType,ppType)
+import GF.Compile.Compute.Concrete(normalForm,resourceValues)
+import GF.Compile.TypeCheck.Concrete as TC(inferLType,ppType)
 import GF.Infra.Dependencies(depGraph)
 import GF.Infra.CheckM(runCheck)
 
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ checkComputeTerm os sgr t =
      ((t,_),_) <- runCheck $ do t <- renameSourceTerm sgr mo t
                                 inferLType sgr [] t
      let opts = modifyFlags (\fs->fs{optTrace=isOpt "trace" os})
-         t1 = CN.normalForm (CN.resourceValues opts sgr) (L NoLoc identW) t
+         t1 = normalForm (resourceValues opts sgr) (L NoLoc identW) t
          t2 = evalStr t1
      checkPredefError t2
   where

src/compiler/GF/Compile/CheckGrammar.hs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 -- Stability   : (stable)
 -- Portability : (portable)
 --
--- > CVS $Date: 2005/11/11 23:24:33 $ 
+-- > CVS $Date: 2005/11/11 23:24:33 $
 -- > CVS $Author: aarne $
 -- > CVS $Revision: 1.31 $
 --
@@ -27,21 +27,20 @@ import GF.Infra.Ident
 import GF.Infra.Option
 
 import GF.Compile.TypeCheck.Abstract
-import GF.Compile.TypeCheck.RConcrete
-import qualified GF.Compile.TypeCheck.ConcreteNew as CN
-import qualified GF.Compile.Compute.ConcreteNew as CN
+import GF.Compile.TypeCheck.Concrete(computeLType,checkLType,inferLType,ppType)
+import qualified GF.Compile.TypeCheck.ConcreteNew as CN(checkLType,inferLType)
+import qualified GF.Compile.Compute.Concrete as CN(normalForm,resourceValues)
 
 import GF.Grammar
 import GF.Grammar.Lexer
 import GF.Grammar.Lookup
---import GF.Grammar.Predef
---import GF.Grammar.PatternMatch
 
 import GF.Data.Operations
 import GF.Infra.CheckM
 
 import Data.List
 import qualified Data.Set as Set
+import qualified Data.Map as Map
 import Control.Monad
 import GF.Text.Pretty
 
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ checkModule opts cwd sgr mo@(m,mi) = do
   where
     updateCheckInfos mo = fmap (foldl update mo) . parallelCheck . map check
       where check (i,info) = fmap ((,) i) (checkInfo opts cwd sgr mo i info)
-    update mo@(m,mi) (i,info) = (m,mi{jments=updateTree (i,info) (jments mi)})
+    update mo@(m,mi) (i,info) = (m,mi{jments=Map.insert i info (jments mi)})
 
 -- check if restricted inheritance modules are still coherent
 -- i.e. that the defs of remaining names don't depend on omitted names
@@ -72,12 +71,12 @@ checkRestrictedInheritance cwd sgr (name,mo) = checkInModule cwd mo NoLoc empty
  where
    mos = modules sgr
    checkRem ((i,m),mi) = do
-     let (incl,excl) = partition (isInherited mi) (map fst (tree2list (jments m)))
+     let (incl,excl) = partition (isInherited mi) (Map.keys (jments m))
      let incld c   = Set.member c (Set.fromList incl)
      let illegal c = Set.member c (Set.fromList excl)
-     let illegals = [(f,is) | 
+     let illegals = [(f,is) |
            (f,cs) <- allDeps, incld f, let is = filter illegal cs, not (null is)]
-     case illegals of 
+     case illegals of
        [] -> return ()
        cs -> checkWarn ("In inherited module" <+> i <> ", dependence of excluded constants:" $$
                          nest 2 (vcat [f <+> "on" <+> fsep is | (f,is) <- cs]))
@@ -89,16 +88,16 @@ checkCompleteGrammar opts cwd gr (am,abs) (cm,cnc) = checkInModule cwd cnc NoLoc
   let jsc = jments cnc
 
   -- check that all concrete constants are in abstract; build types for all lin
-  jsc <- foldM checkCnc emptyBinTree (tree2list jsc)
+  jsc <- foldM checkCnc Map.empty (Map.toList jsc)
 
   -- check that all abstract constants are in concrete; build default lin and lincats
-  jsc <- foldM checkAbs jsc (tree2list jsa)
-  
+  jsc <- foldM checkAbs jsc (Map.toList jsa)
+
   return (cm,cnc{jments=jsc})
   where
    checkAbs js i@(c,info) =
      case info of
-       AbsFun (Just (L loc ty)) _ _ _ 
+       AbsFun (Just (L loc ty)) _ _ _
            -> do let mb_def = do
                        let (cxt,(_,i),_) = typeForm ty
                        info <- lookupIdent i js
@@ -113,17 +112,17 @@ checkCompleteGrammar opts cwd gr (am,abs) (cm,cnc) = checkInModule cwd cnc NoLoc
                  case lookupIdent c js of
                    Ok (AnyInd _ _) -> return js
                    Ok (CncFun ty (Just def) mn mf) ->
-                                 return $ updateTree (c,CncFun ty (Just def) mn mf) js
+                                 return $ Map.insert c (CncFun ty (Just def) mn mf) js
                    Ok (CncFun ty Nothing    mn mf) ->
                      case mb_def of
-                       Ok def -> return $ updateTree (c,CncFun ty (Just (L NoLoc def)) mn mf) js
+                       Ok def -> return $ Map.insert c (CncFun ty (Just (L NoLoc def)) mn mf) js
                        Bad _  -> do noLinOf c
                                     return js
                    _ -> do
                      case mb_def of
                        Ok def -> do (cont,val) <- linTypeOfType gr cm ty
                                     let linty = (snd (valCat ty),cont,val)
-                                    return $ updateTree (c,CncFun (Just linty) (Just (L NoLoc def)) Nothing Nothing) js
+                                    return $ Map.insert c (CncFun (Just linty) (Just (L NoLoc def)) Nothing Nothing) js
                        Bad _  -> do noLinOf c
                                     return js
          where noLinOf c = checkWarn ("no linearization of" <+> c)
@@ -132,36 +131,42 @@ checkCompleteGrammar opts cwd gr (am,abs) (cm,cnc) = checkInModule cwd cnc NoLoc
          Ok (CncCat (Just _) _ _ _ _) -> return js
          Ok (CncCat Nothing md mr mp mpmcfg) -> do
            checkWarn ("no linearization type for" <+> c <> ", inserting default {s : Str}")
-           return $ updateTree (c,CncCat (Just (L NoLoc defLinType)) md mr mp mpmcfg) js
+           return $ Map.insert c (CncCat (Just (L NoLoc defLinType)) md mr mp mpmcfg) js
          _ -> do
            checkWarn ("no linearization type for" <+> c <> ", inserting default {s : Str}")
-           return $ updateTree (c,CncCat (Just (L NoLoc defLinType)) Nothing Nothing Nothing Nothing) js
+           return $ Map.insert c (CncCat (Just (L NoLoc defLinType)) Nothing Nothing Nothing Nothing) js
        _ -> return js
-     
-   checkCnc js i@(c,info) =
+
+   checkCnc js (c,info) =
      case info of
        CncFun _ d mn mf -> case lookupOrigInfo gr (am,c) of
-                             Ok (_,AbsFun (Just (L _ ty)) _ _ _) -> 
+                             Ok (_,AbsFun (Just (L _ ty)) _ _ _) ->
                                         do (cont,val) <- linTypeOfType gr cm ty
                                            let linty = (snd (valCat ty),cont,val)
-                                           return $ updateTree (c,CncFun (Just linty) d mn mf) js
+                                           return $ Map.insert c (CncFun (Just linty) d mn mf) js
                              _       -> do checkWarn ("function" <+> c <+> "is not in abstract")
                                            return js
-       CncCat _ _ _ _ _ -> case lookupOrigInfo gr (am,c) of
-                             Ok _ -> return $ updateTree i js
-                             _    -> do checkWarn ("category" <+> c <+> "is not in abstract")
-                                        return js
-       _                -> return $ updateTree i js
+       CncCat {} ->
+         case lookupOrigInfo gr (am,c) of
+           Ok (_,AbsCat _) -> return $ Map.insert c info js
+           {- -- This might be too pedantic:
+           Ok (_,AbsFun {}) ->
+                   checkError ("lincat:"<+>c<+>"is a fun, not a cat")
+           -}
+           _ -> do checkWarn ("category" <+> c <+> "is not in abstract")
+                   return js
+
+       _ -> return $ Map.insert c info js
 
 
--- | General Principle: only Just-values are checked. 
+-- | General Principle: only Just-values are checked.
 -- A May-value has always been checked in its origin module.
 checkInfo :: Options -> FilePath -> SourceGrammar -> SourceModule -> Ident -> Info -> Check Info
 checkInfo opts cwd sgr (m,mo) c info = checkInModule cwd mo NoLoc empty $ do
   checkReservedId c
   case info of
-    AbsCat (Just (L loc cont)) -> 
-      mkCheck loc "the category" $ 
+    AbsCat (Just (L loc cont)) ->
+      mkCheck loc "the category" $
         checkContext gr cont
 
     AbsFun (Just (L loc typ0)) ma md moper -> do
@@ -176,7 +181,7 @@ checkInfo opts cwd sgr (m,mo) c info = checkInModule cwd mo NoLoc empty $ do
 
     CncCat mty mdef mref mpr mpmcfg -> do
       mty  <- case mty of
-                Just (L loc typ) -> chIn loc "linearization type of" $ 
+                Just (L loc typ) -> chIn loc "linearization type of" $
                                      (if False --flag optNewComp opts
                                         then do (typ,_) <- CN.checkLType (CN.resourceValues opts gr) typ typeType
                                                 typ  <- computeLType gr [] typ
@@ -186,19 +191,19 @@ checkInfo opts cwd sgr (m,mo) c info = checkInModule cwd mo NoLoc empty $ do
                                                 return (Just (L loc typ)))
                 Nothing          -> return Nothing
       mdef <- case (mty,mdef) of
-                (Just (L _ typ),Just (L loc def)) -> 
+                (Just (L _ typ),Just (L loc def)) ->
                     chIn loc "default linearization of" $ do
                        (def,_) <- checkLType gr [] def (mkFunType [typeStr] typ)
                        return (Just (L loc def))
                 _ -> return Nothing
       mref <- case (mty,mref) of
-                (Just (L _ typ),Just (L loc ref)) -> 
+                (Just (L _ typ),Just (L loc ref)) ->
                     chIn loc "reference linearization of" $ do
                        (ref,_) <- checkLType gr [] ref (mkFunType [typ] typeStr)
                        return (Just (L loc ref))
                 _ -> return Nothing
       mpr  <- case mpr of
-                (Just (L loc t)) -> 
+                (Just (L loc t)) ->
                     chIn loc "print name of" $ do
                        (t,_) <- checkLType gr [] t typeStr
                        return (Just (L loc t))
@@ -207,13 +212,13 @@ checkInfo opts cwd sgr (m,mo) c info = checkInModule cwd mo NoLoc empty $ do
 
     CncFun mty mt mpr mpmcfg -> do
       mt <- case (mty,mt) of
-              (Just (cat,cont,val),Just (L loc trm)) -> 
+              (Just (cat,cont,val),Just (L loc trm)) ->
                   chIn loc "linearization of" $ do
                      (trm,_) <- checkLType gr [] trm (mkFunType (map (\(_,_,ty) -> ty) cont) val)  -- erases arg vars
                      return (Just (L loc trm))
               _ -> return mt
       mpr  <- case mpr of
-                (Just (L loc t)) -> 
+                (Just (L loc t)) ->
                     chIn loc "print name of" $ do
                        (t,_) <- checkLType gr [] t typeStr
                        return (Just (L loc t))
@@ -246,16 +251,16 @@ checkInfo opts cwd sgr (m,mo) c info = checkInModule cwd mo NoLoc empty $ do
     ResOverload os tysts -> chIn NoLoc "overloading" $ do
       tysts' <- mapM (uncurry $ flip (\(L loc1 t) (L loc2 ty) -> checkLType gr [] t ty >>= \(t,ty) -> return (L loc1 t, L loc2 ty))) tysts  -- return explicit ones
       tysts0 <- lookupOverload gr (m,c)  -- check against inherited ones too
-      tysts1 <- mapM (uncurry $ flip (checkLType gr [])) 
+      tysts1 <- mapM (uncurry $ flip (checkLType gr []))
                   [(mkFunType args val,tr) | (args,(val,tr)) <- tysts0]
       --- this can only be a partial guarantee, since matching
       --- with value type is only possible if expected type is given
-      checkUniq $ 
+      checkUniq $
         sort [let (xs,t) = typeFormCnc x in t : map (\(b,x,t) -> t) xs | (_,x) <- tysts1]
       return (ResOverload os [(y,x) | (x,y) <- tysts'])
 
     ResParam (Just (L loc pcs)) _ -> do
-      ts <- chIn loc "parameter type" $ 
+      ts <- chIn loc "parameter type" $
               liftM concat $ mapM mkPar pcs
       return (ResParam (Just (L loc pcs)) (Just ts))
 
@@ -265,13 +270,13 @@ checkInfo opts cwd sgr (m,mo) c info = checkInModule cwd mo NoLoc empty $ do
    chIn loc cat = checkInModule cwd mo loc ("Happened in" <+> cat <+> c)
 
    mkPar (f,co) = do
-       vs <- liftM combinations $ mapM (\(_,_,ty) -> allParamValues gr ty) co
+       vs <- liftM sequence $ mapM (\(_,_,ty) -> allParamValues gr ty) co
        return $ map (mkApp (QC (m,f))) vs
 
    checkUniq xss = case xss of
-     x:y:xs 
+     x:y:xs
       | x == y    -> checkError $ "ambiguous for type" <+>
-                                  ppType (mkFunType (tail x) (head x))  
+                                  ppType (mkFunType (tail x) (head x))
       | otherwise -> checkUniq $ y:xs
      _ -> return ()
 
@@ -289,7 +294,7 @@ checkInfo opts cwd sgr (m,mo) c info = checkInModule cwd mo NoLoc empty $ do
        t' <- compAbsTyp ((x,Vr x):g) t
        return $ Prod b x a' t'
      Abs _ _ _ -> return t
-     _ -> composOp (compAbsTyp g) t  
+     _ -> composOp (compAbsTyp g) t
 
 
 -- | for grammars obtained otherwise than by parsing ---- update!!

src/compiler/GF/Compile/Coding.hs

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-module GF.Compile.Coding where
-{-
-import GF.Grammar.Grammar
-import GF.Grammar.Macros
-import GF.Text.Coding
---import GF.Infra.Option
-import GF.Data.Operations
-
---import Data.Char
-import System.IO
-import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as BS
-
-encodeStringsInModule :: TextEncoding -> SourceModule -> SourceModule
-encodeStringsInModule enc = codeSourceModule (BS.unpack . encodeUnicode enc)
-
-decodeStringsInModule :: TextEncoding -> SourceModule -> SourceModule
-decodeStringsInModule enc mo = codeSourceModule (decodeUnicode enc . BS.pack) mo
-
-codeSourceModule :: (String -> String) -> SourceModule -> SourceModule
-codeSourceModule co (id,mo) = (id,mo{jments = mapTree codj (jments mo)})
- where
-    codj (c,info) = case info of
-      ResOper     pty pt   -> ResOper (codeLTerms co pty) (codeLTerms co pt) 
-      ResOverload es tyts  -> ResOverload es [(codeLTerm co ty,codeLTerm co t) | (ty,t) <- tyts]
-      CncCat mcat mdef mref mpr mpmcfg -> CncCat mcat (codeLTerms co mdef) (codeLTerms co mref) (codeLTerms co mpr) mpmcfg
-      CncFun mty mt mpr mpmcfg -> CncFun mty (codeLTerms co mt) (codeLTerms co mpr) mpmcfg
-      _ -> info
-
-codeLTerms co = fmap (codeLTerm co)
-
-codeLTerm :: (String -> String) -> L Term -> L Term
-codeLTerm = fmap . codeTerm
-
-codeTerm :: (String -> String) -> Term -> Term
-codeTerm co = codt
-  where
-    codt t = case t of
-      K s -> K (co s)
-      T ty cs -> T ty [(codp p,codt v) | (p,v) <- cs]
-      EPatt p -> EPatt (codp p)
-      _ -> composSafeOp codt t
-
-    codp p = case p of  --- really: composOpPatt
-      PR rs -> PR [(l,codp p) | (l,p) <- rs]
-      PString s -> PString (co s)
-      PChars s -> PChars (co s)
-      PT x p -> PT x (codp p)
-      PAs x p -> PAs x (codp p)
-      PNeg p -> PNeg (codp p)
-      PRep p -> PRep (codp p)
-      PSeq p q -> PSeq (codp p) (codp q)
-      PAlt p q -> PAlt (codp p) (codp q)
-      _ -> p
-
--- | Run an encoding function on all string literals within the given string.
-codeStringLiterals :: (String -> String) -> String -> String
-codeStringLiterals _ [] = []
-codeStringLiterals co ('"':cs) = '"' : inStringLiteral cs
-  where inStringLiteral [] = error "codeStringLiterals: unterminated string literal"
-        inStringLiteral ('"':ds) = '"' : codeStringLiterals co ds
-        inStringLiteral ('\\':d:ds) = '\\' : co [d] ++ inStringLiteral ds
-        inStringLiteral (d:ds) = co [d] ++ inStringLiteral ds
-codeStringLiterals co (c:cs) = c : codeStringLiterals co cs
--}

src/compiler/GF/Compile/Compute/AppPredefined.hs

@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
--- |
--- Module      : AppPredefined
--- Maintainer  : AR
--- Stability   : (stable)
--- Portability : (portable)
---
--- > CVS $Date: 2005/10/06 14:21:34 $ 
--- > CVS $Author: aarne $
--- > CVS $Revision: 1.13 $
---
--- Predefined function type signatures and definitions.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-module GF.Compile.Compute.AppPredefined ({-
-          isInPredefined, typPredefined, arrityPredefined, predefModInfo, appPredefined-}
-		  ) where
-{-
-import GF.Compile.TypeCheck.Primitives
-import GF.Infra.Option
-import GF.Data.Operations
-import GF.Grammar
-import GF.Grammar.Predef
-
-import qualified Data.Map as Map
-import GF.Text.Pretty
-import Data.Char (isUpper,toUpper,toLower)
-
--- predefined function type signatures and definitions. AR 12/3/2003.
-
-isInPredefined :: Ident -> Bool
-isInPredefined f = Map.member f primitives
-
-arrityPredefined :: Ident -> Maybe Int
-arrityPredefined f = do ty <- typPredefined f
-                        let (ctxt,_) = typeFormCnc ty
-                        return (length ctxt)
-
-predefModInfo :: SourceModInfo
-predefModInfo = ModInfo MTResource MSComplete noOptions [] Nothing [] [] "Predef.gf" Nothing primitives
-
-appPredefined :: Term -> Err (Term,Bool)
-appPredefined t = case t of
-  App f x0 -> do
-   (x,_) <- appPredefined x0
-   case f of
-    -- one-place functions
-    Q (mod,f) | mod == cPredef ->
-      case x of
-        (K s) | f == cLength  -> retb $ EInt $ length s
-        (K s) | f == cIsUpper -> retb $ if (all isUpper s) then predefTrue else predefFalse
-        (K s) | f == cToUpper -> retb $ K $ map toUpper s
-        (K s) | f == cToLower -> retb $ K $ map toLower s
-        (K s) | f == cError   -> retb $ Error s
-
-        _                    -> retb t
-
-    -- two-place functions
-    App (Q (mod,f)) z0 | mod == cPredef -> do
-     (z,_) <- appPredefined z0
-     case (norm z, norm x) of
-      (EInt i, K s)    | f == cDrop    -> retb $ K (drop i s)
-      (EInt i, K s)    | f == cTake    -> retb $ K (take i s)
-      (EInt i, K s)    | f == cTk      -> retb $ K (take (max 0 (length s - i)) s)
-      (EInt i, K s)    | f == cDp      -> retb $ K (drop (max 0 (length s - i)) s)
-      (K s,    K t)    | f == cEqStr   -> retb $ if s == t then predefTrue else predefFalse
-      (K s,    K t)    | f == cOccur   -> retb $ if substring s t then predefTrue else predefFalse
-      (K s,    K t)    | f == cOccurs  -> retb $ if any (flip elem t) s then predefTrue else predefFalse
-      (EInt i, EInt j) | f == cEqInt   -> retb $ if i==j then predefTrue else predefFalse
-      (EInt i, EInt j) | f == cLessInt -> retb $ if i<j  then predefTrue else predefFalse
-      (EInt i, EInt j) | f == cPlus    -> retb $ EInt $ i+j
-      (_,      t)      | f == cShow  && notVar t  -> retb $ foldrC $ map K $ words $ render (ppTerm Unqualified 0 t)
-      (_,      K s)    | f == cRead    -> retb $ Cn (identS s) --- because of K, only works for atomic tags
-      (_,      t)      | f == cToStr   -> trm2str t >>= retb
-      _ -> retb t ---- prtBad "cannot compute predefined" t
-
-    -- three-place functions
-    App (App (Q (mod,f)) z0) y0 | mod == cPredef -> do
-     (y,_) <- appPredefined y0
-     (z,_) <- appPredefined z0
-     case (z, y, x) of
-       (ty,op,t) | f == cMapStr -> retf $ mapStr ty op t
-       _ | f == cEqVal && notVar y && notVar x -> retb $ if y==x then predefTrue else predefFalse
-       _ -> retb t ---- prtBad "cannot compute predefined" t
-
-    _ -> retb t ---- prtBad "cannot compute predefined" t
-  _ -> retb t
-                  ---- should really check the absence of arg variables
- where
-   retb t = return (retc t,True)  -- no further computing needed
-   retf t = return (retc t,False) -- must be computed further
-   retc t = case t of
-     K [] -> t
-     K s  -> foldr1 C (map K (words s))
-     _    -> t
-   norm t = case t of
-     Empty -> K []
-     C u v -> case (norm u,norm v) of
-       (K x,K y) -> K (x +++ y)
-       _ -> t
-     _ -> t
-   notVar t = case t of
-     Vr _ -> False
-     App f a -> notVar f && notVar a
-     _ -> True ---- would need to check that t is a value
-   foldrC ts = if null ts then Empty else foldr1 C ts
-
--- read makes variables into constants
-
-predefTrue = QC (cPredef,cPTrue)
-predefFalse = QC (cPredef,cPFalse)
-
-substring :: String -> String -> Bool
-substring s t = case (s,t) of
-  (c:cs, d:ds) -> (c == d && substring cs ds) || substring s ds
-  ([],_) -> True
-  _ -> False
-
-trm2str :: Term -> Err Term
-trm2str t = case t of
-  R ((_,(_,s)):_) -> trm2str s
-  T _ ((_,s):_)   -> trm2str s
-  V _ (s:_)       -> trm2str s
-  C _ _           -> return $ t
-  K _             -> return $ t
-  S c _           -> trm2str c
-  Empty           -> return $ t
-  _               -> Bad (render (text "cannot get Str from term" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 t))
-
--- simultaneous recursion on type and term: type arg is essential!
--- But simplify the task by assuming records are type-annotated
--- (this has been done in type checking)
-mapStr :: Type -> Term -> Term -> Term
-mapStr ty f t = case (ty,t) of
-  _ | elem ty [typeStr,typeTok] -> App f t
-  (_,        R ts)    -> R [(l,mapField v)   | (l,v) <- ts]
-  (Table a b,T ti cs) -> T ti [(p,mapStr b f v) | (p,v) <- cs]
-  _    -> t 
- where
-   mapField (mty,te) = case mty of
-     Just ty -> (mty,mapStr ty f te)
-     _ -> (mty,te)
--}

src/compiler/GF/Compile/Compute/Concrete.hs

@@ -1,3 +1,588 @@
-module GF.Compile.Compute.Concrete{-(module M)-} where
---import GF.Compile.Compute.ConcreteLazy as M -- New
---import GF.Compile.Compute.ConcreteStrict as M -- Old, inefficient
+-- | Functions for computing the values of terms in the concrete syntax, in
+-- | preparation for PMCFG generation.
+module GF.Compile.Compute.Concrete
+           (GlobalEnv, GLocation, resourceValues, geLoc, geGrammar,
+            normalForm,
+            Value(..), Bind(..), Env, value2term, eval, vapply
+           ) where
+import Prelude hiding ((<>)) -- GHC 8.4.1 clash with Text.PrettyPrint
+
+import GF.Grammar hiding (Env, VGen, VApp, VRecType)
+import GF.Grammar.Lookup(lookupResDefLoc,allParamValues)
+import GF.Grammar.Predef(cPredef,cErrorType,cTok,cStr,cTrace,cPBool)
+import GF.Grammar.PatternMatch(matchPattern,measurePatt)
+import GF.Grammar.Lockfield(isLockLabel,lockRecType) --unlockRecord,lockLabel
+import GF.Compile.Compute.Value hiding (Error)
+import GF.Compile.Compute.Predef(predef,predefName,delta)
+import GF.Data.Str(Str,glueStr,str2strings,str,sstr,plusStr,strTok)
+import GF.Data.Operations(Err,err,errIn,maybeErr,mapPairsM)
+import GF.Data.Utilities(mapFst,mapSnd)
+import GF.Infra.Option
+import Control.Monad(ap,liftM,liftM2) -- ,unless,mplus
+import Data.List (findIndex,intersect,nub,elemIndex,(\\)) --,isInfixOf
+--import Data.Char (isUpper,toUpper,toLower)
+import GF.Text.Pretty
+import qualified Data.Map as Map
+import Debug.Trace(trace)
+
+-- * Main entry points
+
+normalForm :: GlobalEnv -> L Ident -> Term -> Term
+normalForm (GE gr rv opts _) loc = err (bugloc loc) id . nfx (GE gr rv opts loc)
+
+nfx env@(GE _ _ _ loc) t = do
+  v <- eval env [] t
+  case value2term loc [] v of
+    Left i  -> fail ("variable #"++show i++" is out of scope")
+    Right t -> return t
+
+eval :: GlobalEnv -> Env -> Term -> Err Value
+eval (GE gr rvs opts loc) env t = ($ (map snd env)) # value cenv t
+  where
+    cenv = CE gr rvs opts loc (map fst env)
+
+--apply env = apply' env
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- * Environments
+
+type ResourceValues = Map.Map ModuleName (Map.Map Ident (Err Value))
+
+data GlobalEnv = GE Grammar ResourceValues Options GLocation
+data CompleteEnv = CE {srcgr::Grammar,rvs::ResourceValues,
+                       opts::Options,
+                       gloc::GLocation,local::LocalScope}
+type GLocation = L Ident
+type LocalScope = [Ident]
+type Stack = [Value]
+type OpenValue = Stack->Value
+
+geLoc     (GE _ _ _ loc) = loc
+geGrammar (GE gr _ _ _)  = gr
+
+ext b env = env{local=b:local env}
+extend bs env = env{local=bs++local env}
+global env = GE (srcgr env) (rvs env) (opts env) (gloc env)
+
+var :: CompleteEnv -> Ident -> Err OpenValue
+var env x = maybe unbound pick' (elemIndex x (local env))
+  where
+    unbound = fail ("Unknown variable: "++showIdent x)
+    pick' i = return $ \ vs -> maybe (err i vs) ok (pick i vs)
+    err i vs = bug $ "Stack problem: "++showIdent x++": "
+                    ++unwords (map showIdent (local env))
+                    ++" => "++show (i,length vs)
+    ok v = --trace ("var "++show x++" = "++show v) $
+           v
+
+pick :: Int -> Stack -> Maybe Value
+pick 0 (v:_) = Just v
+pick i (_:vs) = pick (i-1) vs
+pick i vs = Nothing -- bug $ "pick "++show (i,vs)
+
+resource env (m,c) =
+--  err bug id $
+    if isPredefCat c
+    then value0 env =<< lockRecType c defLinType -- hmm
+    else maybe e id $ Map.lookup c =<< Map.lookup m (rvs env)
+  where e = fail $ "Not found: "++render m++"."++showIdent c
+
+-- | Convert operators once, not every time they are looked up
+resourceValues :: Options -> SourceGrammar -> GlobalEnv
+resourceValues opts gr = env
+  where
+    env = GE gr rvs opts (L NoLoc identW)
+    rvs = Map.mapWithKey moduleResources (moduleMap gr)
+    moduleResources m = Map.mapWithKey (moduleResource m) . jments
+    moduleResource m c _info = do L l t <- lookupResDefLoc gr (m,c)
+                                  let loc = L l c
+                                      qloc = L l (Q (m,c))
+                                  eval (GE gr rvs opts loc) [] (traceRes qloc t)
+
+    traceRes = if flag optTrace opts
+               then traceResource
+               else const id
+
+-- * Tracing
+
+-- | Insert a call to the trace function under the top-level lambdas
+traceResource (L l q) t =
+  case termFormCnc t of
+    (abs,body) -> mkAbs abs (mkApp traceQ [args,body])
+      where
+        args = R $ tuple2record (K lstr:[Vr x|(bt,x)<-abs,bt==Explicit])
+        lstr = render (l<>":"<>ppTerm Qualified 0 q)
+        traceQ = Q (cPredef,cTrace)
+
+-- * Computing values
+
+-- | Computing the value of a top-level term
+value0 :: CompleteEnv -> Term -> Err Value
+value0 env = eval (global env) []
+
+-- | Computing the value of a term
+value :: CompleteEnv -> Term -> Err OpenValue
+value env t0 =
+  -- Each terms is traversed only once by this function, using only statically
+  -- available information. Notably, the values of lambda bound variables
+  -- will be unknown during the term traversal phase.
+  -- The result is an OpenValue, which is a function that may be applied many
+  -- times to different dynamic values, but without the term traversal overhead
+  -- and without recomputing other statically known information.
+  -- For this to work, there should be no recursive calls under lambdas here.
+  -- Whenever we need to construct the OpenValue function with an explicit
+  -- lambda, we have to lift the recursive calls outside the lambda.
+  -- (See e.g. the rules for Let, Prod and Abs)
+{-
+  trace (render $ text "value"<+>sep [ppL (gloc env)<>text ":",
+                                      brackets (fsep (map ppIdent (local env))),
+                                      ppTerm Unqualified 10 t0]) $
+--}
+  errIn (render t0) $
+  case t0 of
+    Vr x   -> var env x
+    Q x@(m,f)
+      | m == cPredef -> if f==cErrorType                -- to be removed
+                        then let p = identS "P"
+                             in const # value0 env (mkProd [(Implicit,p,typeType)] (Vr p) [])
+                        else if f==cPBool
+                               then const # resource env x
+                               else const . flip VApp [] # predef f
+      | otherwise    -> const # resource env x --valueResDef (fst env) x
+    QC x   -> return $ const (VCApp x [])
+    App e1 e2 -> apply' env e1 . (:[]) =<< value env e2
+    Let (x,(oty,t)) body -> do vb <- value (ext x env) body
+                               vt <- value env t
+                               return $ \ vs -> vb (vt vs:vs)
+    Meta i -> return $ \ vs -> VMeta i (zip (local env) vs) []
+    Prod bt x t1 t2 ->
+       do vt1 <- value env t1
+          vt2 <- value (ext x env) t2
+          return $ \ vs -> VProd bt (vt1 vs) x $ Bind $ \ vx -> vt2 (vx:vs)
+    Abs bt x t -> do vt <- value (ext x env) t
+                     return $ VAbs bt x . Bind . \ vs vx -> vt (vx:vs)
+    EInt n -> return $ const (VInt n)
+    EFloat f -> return $ const (VFloat f)
+    K s -> return $ const (VString s)
+    Empty -> return $ const (VString "")
+    Sort s | s == cTok -> return $ const (VSort cStr)        -- to be removed
+           | otherwise -> return $ const (VSort s)
+    ImplArg t -> (VImplArg.) # value env t
+    Table p res -> liftM2 VTblType # value env p <# value env res
+    RecType rs -> do lovs <- mapPairsM (value env) rs
+                     return $ \vs->VRecType $ mapSnd ($vs) lovs
+    t@(ExtR t1 t2) -> ((extR t.)# both id) # both (value env) (t1,t2)
+    FV ts   -> ((vfv .) # sequence) # mapM (value env) ts
+    R as    -> do lovs <- mapPairsM (value env.snd) as
+                  return $ \ vs->VRec $ mapSnd ($vs) lovs
+    T i cs  -> valueTable env i cs
+    V ty ts -> do pvs <- paramValues env ty
+                  ((VV ty pvs .) . sequence) # mapM (value env) ts
+    C t1 t2 -> ((ok2p vconcat.) # both id) # both (value env) (t1,t2)
+    S t1 t2 -> ((select env.) # both id) # both (value env) (t1,t2)
+    P t l   -> --maybe (bug $ "project "++show l++" from "++show v) id $
+               do ov <- value env t
+                  return $ \ vs -> let v = ov vs
+                                   in maybe (VP v l) id (proj l v)
+    Alts t tts -> (\v vts -> VAlts # v <# mapM (both id) vts) # value env t <# mapM (both (value env)) tts
+    Strs ts    -> ((VStrs.) # sequence) # mapM (value env) ts
+    Glue t1 t2 -> ((ok2p (glue env).) # both id) # both (value env) (t1,t2)
+    ELin c r -> (unlockVRec (gloc env) c.) # value env r
+    EPatt p  -> return $ const (VPatt p) -- hmm
+    EPattType ty -> do vt <- value env ty
+                       return (VPattType . vt)
+    Typed t ty -> value env t
+    t -> fail.render $ "value"<+>ppTerm Unqualified 10 t $$ show t
+
+vconcat vv@(v1,v2) =
+    case vv of
+      (VString "",_) -> v2
+      (_,VString "") -> v1
+      (VApp NonExist _,_) -> v1
+      (_,VApp NonExist _) -> v2
+      _ -> VC v1 v2
+
+proj l v | isLockLabel l = return (VRec [])
+                ---- a workaround 18/2/2005: take this away and find the reason
+                ---- why earlier compilation destroys the lock field
+proj l v =
+    case v of
+      VFV vs -> liftM vfv (mapM (proj l) vs)
+      VRec rs -> lookup l rs
+--    VExtR v1 v2 -> proj l v2 `mplus` proj l v1 -- hmm
+      VS (VV pty pvs rs) v2 -> flip VS v2 . VV pty pvs # mapM (proj l) rs
+      _ -> return (ok1 VP v l)
+
+ok1 f v1@(VError {}) _ = v1
+ok1 f v1 v2 = f v1 v2
+
+ok2 f v1@(VError {}) _ = v1
+ok2 f _ v2@(VError {}) = v2
+ok2 f v1 v2 = f v1 v2
+
+ok2p f (v1@VError {},_) = v1
+ok2p f (_,v2@VError {}) = v2
+ok2p f vv = f vv
+
+unlockVRec loc c0 v0 = v0
+{-
+unlockVRec loc c0 v0 = unlockVRec' c0 v0
+  where
+    unlockVRec' ::Ident -> Value -> Value
+    unlockVRec' c v =
+        case v of
+    --    VClosure env t -> err bug (VClosure env) (unlockRecord c t)
+          VAbs bt x (Bind f) -> VAbs bt x (Bind $ \ v -> unlockVRec' c (f v))
+          VRec rs        -> plusVRec rs lock
+    --    _              -> VExtR v (VRec lock) -- hmm
+          _              -> {-trace (render $ ppL loc $ "unlock non-record "++show v0)-} v -- hmm
+    --    _              -> bugloc loc $ "unlock non-record "++show v0
+      where
+        lock = [(lockLabel c,VRec [])]
+-}
+
+-- suspicious, but backwards compatible
+plusVRec rs1 rs2 = VRec ([(l,v)|(l,v)<-rs1,l `notElem` ls2] ++ rs2)
+  where ls2 = map fst rs2
+
+extR t vv =
+    case vv of
+      (VFV vs,v2) -> vfv [extR t (v1,v2)|v1<-vs]
+      (v1,VFV vs) -> vfv [extR t (v1,v2)|v2<-vs]
+      (VRecType rs1, VRecType rs2) ->
+          case intersect (map fst rs1) (map fst rs2) of
+            [] -> VRecType (rs1 ++ rs2)
+            ls -> error $ "clash"<+>show ls
+      (VRec     rs1, VRec     rs2) -> plusVRec rs1 rs2
+      (v1          , VRec [(l,_)]) | isLockLabel l -> v1 -- hmm
+      (VS (VV t pvs vs) s,v2) -> VS (VV t pvs [extR t (v1,v2)|v1<-vs]) s
+--    (v1,v2) -> ok2 VExtR v1 v2 -- hmm
+      (v1,v2) -> error $ "not records" $$ show v1 $$ show v2
+  where
+    error explain = ppbug $ "The term" <+> t
+                            <+> "is not reducible" $$ explain
+
+glue env (v1,v2) = glu v1 v2
+  where
+    glu v1 v2 =
+        case (v1,v2) of
+          (VFV vs,v2) -> vfv [glu v1 v2|v1<-vs]
+          (v1,VFV vs) -> vfv [glu v1 v2|v2<-vs]
+          (VString s1,VString s2) -> VString (s1++s2)
+          (v1,VAlts d vs) -> VAlts (glx d) [(glx v,c) | (v,c) <- vs]
+             where glx v2 = glu v1 v2
+          (v1@(VAlts {}),v2) ->
+           --err (const (ok2 VGlue v1 v2)) id $
+             err bug id $
+             do y' <- strsFromValue v2
+                x' <- strsFromValue v1
+                return $ vfv [foldr1 VC (map VString (str2strings (glueStr v u))) | v <- x', u <- y']
+          (VC va vb,v2) -> VC va (glu vb v2)
+          (v1,VC va vb) -> VC (glu v1 va) vb
+          (VS (VV ty pvs vs) vb,v2) -> VS (VV ty pvs [glu v v2|v<-vs]) vb
+          (v1,VS (VV ty pvs vs) vb) -> VS (VV ty pvs [glu v1 v|v<-vs]) vb
+          (v1@(VApp NonExist _),_) -> v1
+          (_,v2@(VApp NonExist _)) -> v2
+--        (v1,v2) -> ok2 VGlue v1 v2
+          (v1,v2) -> if flag optPlusAsBind (opts env)
+                       then VC v1 (VC (VApp BIND []) v2)
+                       else let loc  = gloc env
+                                vt v = case value2term loc (local env) v of
+                                         Left i  -> Error ('#':show i)
+                                         Right t -> t
+                                originalMsg = render $ ppL loc (hang "unsupported token gluing" 4
+                                                               (Glue (vt v1) (vt v2)))
+                                term = render $ pp  $ Glue (vt v1) (vt v2)
+                            in error $ unlines
+                                [originalMsg
+                                ,""
+                                ,"There was a problem in the expression `"++term++"`, either:"
+                                ,"1) You are trying to use + on runtime arguments, possibly via an oper."
+                                ,"2) One of the arguments in `"++term++"` is a bound variable from pattern matching a string, but the cases are non-exhaustive."
+                                ,"For more help see https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/tree/master/doc/errors/gluing.md"
+                                ]
+
+
+-- | to get a string from a value that represents a sequence of terminals
+strsFromValue :: Value -> Err [Str]
+strsFromValue t = case t of
+  VString s   -> return [str s]
+  VC s t -> do
+    s' <- strsFromValue s
+    t' <- strsFromValue t
+    return [plusStr x y | x <- s', y <- t']
+{-
+  VGlue s t -> do
+    s' <- strsFromValue s
+    t' <- strsFromValue t
+    return [glueStr x y | x <- s', y <- t']
+-}
+  VAlts d vs -> do
+    d0 <- strsFromValue d
+    v0 <- mapM (strsFromValue . fst) vs
+    c0 <- mapM (strsFromValue . snd) vs
+  --let vs' = zip v0 c0
+    return [strTok (str2strings def) vars |
+              def  <- d0,
+              vars <- [[(str2strings v, map sstr c) | (v,c) <- zip vv c0] |
+                                                          vv <- sequence v0]
+           ]
+  VFV ts -> concat # mapM strsFromValue ts
+  VStrs ts -> concat # mapM strsFromValue ts
+
+  _ -> fail ("cannot get Str from value " ++ show t)
+
+vfv vs = case nub vs of
+           [v] -> v
+           vs -> VFV vs
+
+select env vv =
+    case vv of
+      (v1,VFV vs) -> vfv [select env (v1,v2)|v2<-vs]
+      (VFV vs,v2) -> vfv [select env (v1,v2)|v1<-vs]
+      (v1@(VV pty vs rs),v2) ->
+         err (const (VS v1 v2)) id $
+         do --ats <- allParamValues (srcgr env) pty
+            --let vs = map (value0 env) ats
+            i <- maybeErr "no match" $ findIndex (==v2) vs
+            return (ix (gloc env) "select" rs i)
+      (VT _ _ [(PW,Bind b)],_) -> {-trace "eliminate wild card table" $-} b []
+      (v1@(VT _ _ cs),v2) ->
+                 err (\_->ok2 VS v1 v2) (err bug id . valueMatch env) $
+                 match (gloc env) cs v2
+      (VS (VV pty pvs rs) v12,v2) -> VS (VV pty pvs [select env (v11,v2)|v11<-rs]) v12
+      (v1,v2) -> ok2 VS v1 v2
+
+match loc cs v =
+  case value2term loc [] v of
+    Left i  -> bad ("variable #"++show i++" is out of scope")
+    Right t -> err bad return (matchPattern cs t)
+  where
+    bad = fail . ("In pattern matching: "++)
+
+valueMatch :: CompleteEnv -> (Bind Env,Substitution) -> Err Value
+valueMatch env (Bind f,env') = f # mapPairsM (value0 env) env'
+
+valueTable :: CompleteEnv -> TInfo -> [Case] -> Err OpenValue
+valueTable env i cs =
+    case i of
+      TComp ty -> do pvs <- paramValues env ty
+                     ((VV ty pvs .) # sequence) # mapM (value env.snd) cs
+      _ -> do ty <- getTableType i
+              cs' <- mapM valueCase cs
+              err (dynamic cs' ty) return (convert cs' ty)
+  where
+    dynamic cs' ty _ = cases cs' # value env ty
+
+    cases cs' vty vs = err keep ($vs) (convertv cs' (vty vs))
+      where
+        keep msg = --trace (msg++"\n"++render (ppTerm Unqualified 0 (T i cs))) $
+                   VT wild (vty vs) (mapSnd ($vs) cs')
+
+    wild = case i of TWild _ -> True; _ -> False
+
+    convertv cs' vty =
+      case value2term (gloc env) [] vty of
+        Left i    -> fail ("variable #"++show i++" is out of scope")
+        Right pty -> convert' cs' =<< paramValues'' env pty
+
+    convert cs' ty = convert' cs' =<< paramValues' env ty
+
+    convert' cs' ((pty,vs),pvs) =
+      do sts  <- mapM (matchPattern cs') vs
+         return $ \ vs -> VV pty pvs $ map (err bug id . valueMatch env)
+                                           (mapFst ($vs) sts)
+
+    valueCase (p,t) = do p' <- measurePatt # inlinePattMacro p
+                         pvs <- linPattVars p'
+                         vt <- value (extend pvs env) t
+                         return (p',\vs-> Bind $ \bs-> vt (push' p' bs pvs vs))
+
+    inlinePattMacro p =
+        case p of
+          PM qc -> do r <- resource env qc
+                      case r of
+                        VPatt p' -> inlinePattMacro p'
+                        _ -> ppbug $ hang "Expected pattern macro:" 4
+                                          (show r)
+          _ -> composPattOp inlinePattMacro p
+
+
+paramValues env ty = snd # paramValues' env ty
+
+paramValues' env ty = paramValues'' env =<< nfx (global env) ty
+
+paramValues'' env pty = do ats <- allParamValues (srcgr env) pty
+                           pvs <- mapM (eval (global env) []) ats
+                           return ((pty,ats),pvs)
+
+push' p bs xs = if length bs/=length xs
+                then bug $ "push "++show (p,bs,xs)
+                else push bs xs
+
+push :: Env -> LocalScope -> Stack -> Stack
+push bs [] vs = vs
+push bs (x:xs) vs = maybe err id (lookup x bs):push bs xs vs
+  where  err = bug $ "Unbound pattern variable "++showIdent x
+
+apply' :: CompleteEnv -> Term -> [OpenValue] -> Err OpenValue
+apply' env t [] = value env t
+apply' env t vs =
+  case t of
+    QC x                   -> return $ \ svs -> VCApp x (map ($svs) vs)
+{-
+    Q x@(m,f) | m==cPredef -> return $
+                              let constr = --trace ("predef "++show x) .
+                                           VApp x
+                              in \ svs -> maybe constr id (Map.lookup f predefs)
+                                          $ map ($svs) vs
+              | otherwise  -> do r <- resource env x
+                                 return $ \ svs -> vapply (gloc env) r (map ($svs) vs)
+-}
+    App t1 t2              -> apply' env t1 . (:vs) =<< value env t2
+    _                      -> do fv <- value env t
+                                 return $ \ svs -> vapply (gloc env) (fv svs) (map ($svs) vs)
+
+vapply :: GLocation -> Value -> [Value] -> Value
+vapply loc v [] = v
+vapply loc v vs =
+  case v of
+    VError {} -> v
+--  VClosure env (Abs b x t) -> beta gr env b x t vs
+    VAbs bt _ (Bind f) -> vbeta loc bt f vs
+    VApp pre vs1 -> delta' pre (vs1++vs)
+      where
+        delta' Trace (v1:v2:vs) = let vr = vapply loc v2 vs
+                                  in vtrace loc v1 vr
+        delta' pre vs = err msg vfv $ mapM (delta pre) (varyList vs)
+        --msg = const (VApp pre (vs1++vs))
+        msg = bug . (("Applying Predef."++showIdent (predefName pre)++": ")++)
+    VS (VV t pvs fs) s -> VS (VV t pvs [vapply loc f vs|f<-fs]) s
+    VFV fs -> vfv [vapply loc f vs|f<-fs]
+    VCApp f vs0 -> VCApp f (vs0++vs)
+    VMeta i env vs0 -> VMeta i env (vs0++vs)
+    VGen i vs0 -> VGen i (vs0++vs)
+    v -> bug $ "vapply "++show v++" "++show vs
+
+vbeta loc bt f (v:vs) =
+  case (bt,v) of
+    (Implicit,VImplArg v) -> ap v
+    (Explicit,         v) -> ap v
+  where
+    ap (VFV avs) = vfv [vapply loc (f v) vs|v<-avs]
+    ap v         = vapply loc (f v) vs
+
+vary (VFV vs) = vs
+vary v = [v]
+varyList = mapM vary
+
+{-
+beta env b x t (v:vs) =
+  case (b,v) of
+    (Implicit,VImplArg v) -> apply' (ext (x,v) env) t vs
+    (Explicit,         v) -> apply' (ext (x,v) env) t vs
+-}
+
+vtrace loc arg res = trace (render (hang (pv arg) 4 ("->"<+>pv res))) res
+  where
+    pv v = case v of
+             VRec (f:as) -> hang (pf f) 4 (fsep (map pa as))
+             _ -> ppV v
+    pf (_,VString n) = pp n
+    pf (_,v) = ppV v
+    pa (_,v) = ppV v
+    ppV v = case value2term' True loc [] v of
+              Left i  -> "variable #" <> pp i <+> "is out of scope"
+              Right t -> ppTerm Unqualified 10 t
+
+-- | Convert a value back to a term
+value2term :: GLocation -> [Ident] -> Value -> Either Int Term
+value2term = value2term' False
+value2term' stop loc xs v0 =
+  case v0 of
+    VApp pre vs    -> liftM (foldl App (Q (cPredef,predefName pre))) (mapM v2t vs)
+    VCApp f vs     -> liftM  (foldl App (QC f))   (mapM v2t vs)
+    VGen j vs      -> liftM2 (foldl App) (var j)  (mapM v2t vs)
+    VMeta j env vs -> liftM  (foldl App (Meta j)) (mapM v2t vs)
+    VProd bt v x f -> liftM2 (Prod bt x) (v2t v) (v2t' x f)
+    VAbs  bt   x f -> liftM  (Abs  bt x)         (v2t' x f)
+    VInt n         -> return (EInt n)
+    VFloat f       -> return (EFloat f)
+    VString s      -> return (if null s then Empty else K s)
+    VSort s        -> return (Sort s)
+    VImplArg v     -> liftM  ImplArg (v2t v)
+    VTblType p res -> liftM2 Table (v2t p) (v2t res)
+    VRecType rs    -> liftM  RecType (mapM (\(l,v) -> fmap ((,) l) (v2t v)) rs)
+    VRec as        -> liftM  R       (mapM (\(l,v) -> v2t v >>= \t -> return (l,(Nothing,t))) as)
+    VV t _ vs      -> liftM  (V t)   (mapM v2t vs)
+    VT wild v cs   -> v2t v >>= \t -> liftM (T ((if wild then TWild else TTyped) t)) (mapM nfcase cs)
+    VFV vs         -> liftM  FV (mapM v2t vs)
+    VC v1 v2       -> liftM2 C (v2t v1) (v2t v2)
+    VS v1 v2       -> liftM2 S (v2t v1) (v2t v2)
+    VP v l         -> v2t v >>= \t -> return (P t l)
+    VPatt p        -> return (EPatt p)
+    VPattType v    -> v2t v >>= return . EPattType
+    VAlts v vvs    -> liftM2 Alts (v2t v) (mapM (\(x,y) -> liftM2 (,) (v2t x) (v2t y)) vvs)
+    VStrs vs       -> liftM  Strs (mapM v2t vs)
+--  VGlue v1 v2    -> Glue (v2t v1) (v2t v2)
+--  VExtR v1 v2    -> ExtR (v2t v1) (v2t v2)
+    VError err     -> return (Error err)
+
+  where
+    v2t = v2txs xs
+    v2txs = value2term' stop loc
+    v2t' x f = v2txs (x:xs) (bind f (gen xs))
+
+    var j
+      | j<length xs = Right (Vr (reverse xs !! j))
+      | otherwise   = Left  j
+
+
+    pushs xs e = foldr push e xs
+    push x (env,xs) = ((x,gen xs):env,x:xs)
+    gen xs = VGen (length xs) []
+
+    nfcase (p,f) = liftM ((,) p) (v2txs xs' (bind f env'))
+      where (env',xs') = pushs (pattVars p) ([],xs)
+
+    bind (Bind f) x = if stop
+                      then VSort (identS "...") -- hmm
+                      else f x
+
+
+linPattVars p =
+    if null dups
+    then return pvs
+    else fail.render $ hang "Pattern is not linear. All variable names on the left-hand side must be distinct." 4 (ppPatt Unqualified 0 p)
+  where
+    allpvs = allPattVars p
+    pvs = nub allpvs
+    dups = allpvs \\ pvs
+
+pattVars = nub . allPattVars
+allPattVars p =
+    case p of
+      PV i    -> [i]
+      PAs i p -> i:allPattVars p
+      _       -> collectPattOp allPattVars p
+
+---
+ix loc fn xs i =
+    if i<n
+    then xs !! i
+    else bugloc loc $ "(!!): index too large in "++fn++", "++show i++"<"++show n
+  where n = length xs
+
+infixl 1 #,<# --,@@
+
+f # x = fmap f x
+mf <# mx  = ap mf mx
+--m1 @@ m2 = (m1 =<<) . m2
+
+both f (x,y) = (,) # f x <# f y
+
+bugloc loc s = ppbug $ ppL loc s
+
+bug msg = ppbug msg
+ppbug doc = error $ render $ hang "Internal error in Compute.Concrete:" 4 doc

src/compiler/GF/Compile/Compute/ConcreteNew.hs

@@ -1,580 +0,0 @@
--- | Functions for computing the values of terms in the concrete syntax, in
--- | preparation for PMCFG generation.
-module GF.Compile.Compute.ConcreteNew
-           (GlobalEnv, GLocation, resourceValues, geLoc, geGrammar,
-            normalForm,
-            Value(..), Bind(..), Env, value2term, eval, vapply
-           ) where
-import Prelude hiding ((<>)) -- GHC 8.4.1 clash with Text.PrettyPrint
-
-import GF.Grammar hiding (Env, VGen, VApp, VRecType)
-import GF.Grammar.Lookup(lookupResDefLoc,allParamValues)
-import GF.Grammar.Predef(cPredef,cErrorType,cTok,cStr,cTrace,cPBool)
-import GF.Grammar.PatternMatch(matchPattern,measurePatt)
-import GF.Grammar.Lockfield(isLockLabel,lockRecType) --unlockRecord,lockLabel
-import GF.Compile.Compute.Value hiding (Error)
-import GF.Compile.Compute.Predef(predef,predefName,delta)
-import GF.Data.Str(Str,glueStr,str2strings,str,sstr,plusStr,strTok)
-import GF.Data.Operations(Err,err,errIn,maybeErr,combinations,mapPairsM)
-import GF.Data.Utilities(mapFst,mapSnd)
-import GF.Infra.Option
-import Control.Monad(ap,liftM,liftM2) -- ,unless,mplus
-import Data.List (findIndex,intersect,nub,elemIndex,(\\)) --,isInfixOf
---import Data.Char (isUpper,toUpper,toLower)
-import GF.Text.Pretty
-import qualified Data.Map as Map
-import Debug.Trace(trace)
-
--- * Main entry points
-
-normalForm :: GlobalEnv -> L Ident -> Term -> Term
-normalForm (GE gr rv opts _) loc = err (bugloc loc) id . nfx (GE gr rv opts loc)
-
-nfx env@(GE _ _ _ loc) t = do
-  v <- eval env [] t
-  case value2term loc [] v of
-    Left i  -> fail ("variable #"++show i++" is out of scope")
-    Right t -> return t
-
-eval :: GlobalEnv -> Env -> Term -> Err Value
-eval (GE gr rvs opts loc) env t = ($ (map snd env)) # value cenv t
-  where
-    cenv = CE gr rvs opts loc (map fst env)
-
---apply env = apply' env
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
--- * Environments
-
-type ResourceValues = Map.Map ModuleName (Map.Map Ident (Err Value))
-
-data GlobalEnv = GE Grammar ResourceValues Options GLocation
-data CompleteEnv = CE {srcgr::Grammar,rvs::ResourceValues,
-                       opts::Options,
-                       gloc::GLocation,local::LocalScope}
-type GLocation = L Ident
-type LocalScope = [Ident]
-type Stack = [Value]
-type OpenValue = Stack->Value
-
-geLoc     (GE _ _ _ loc) = loc
-geGrammar (GE gr _ _ _)  = gr
-
-ext b env = env{local=b:local env}
-extend bs env = env{local=bs++local env}
-global env = GE (srcgr env) (rvs env) (opts env) (gloc env)
-
-var :: CompleteEnv -> Ident -> Err OpenValue
-var env x = maybe unbound pick' (elemIndex x (local env))
-  where
-    unbound = fail ("Unknown variable: "++showIdent x)
-    pick' i = return $ \ vs -> maybe (err i vs) ok (pick i vs)
-    err i vs = bug $ "Stack problem: "++showIdent x++": "
-                    ++unwords (map showIdent (local env))
-                    ++" => "++show (i,length vs)
-    ok v = --trace ("var "++show x++" = "++show v) $
-           v
-
-pick :: Int -> Stack -> Maybe Value
-pick 0 (v:_) = Just v
-pick i (_:vs) = pick (i-1) vs
-pick i vs = Nothing -- bug $ "pick "++show (i,vs)
-
-resource env (m,c) =
---  err bug id $
-    if isPredefCat c
-    then value0 env =<< lockRecType c defLinType -- hmm
-    else maybe e id $ Map.lookup c =<< Map.lookup m (rvs env)
-  where e = fail $ "Not found: "++render m++"."++showIdent c
-
--- | Convert operators once, not every time they are looked up
-resourceValues :: Options -> SourceGrammar -> GlobalEnv
-resourceValues opts gr = env
-  where
-    env = GE gr rvs opts (L NoLoc identW)
-    rvs = Map.mapWithKey moduleResources (moduleMap gr)
-    moduleResources m = Map.mapWithKey (moduleResource m) . jments
-    moduleResource m c _info = do L l t <- lookupResDefLoc gr (m,c)
-                                  let loc = L l c
-                                      qloc = L l (Q (m,c))
-                                  eval (GE gr rvs opts loc) [] (traceRes qloc t)
-
-    traceRes = if flag optTrace opts
-               then traceResource
-               else const id
-
--- * Tracing
-
--- | Insert a call to the trace function under the top-level lambdas
-traceResource (L l q) t =
-  case termFormCnc t of
-    (abs,body) -> mkAbs abs (mkApp traceQ [args,body])
-      where
-        args = R $ tuple2record (K lstr:[Vr x|(bt,x)<-abs,bt==Explicit])
-        lstr = render (l<>":"<>ppTerm Qualified 0 q)
-        traceQ = Q (cPredef,cTrace)
-
--- * Computing values
-
--- | Computing the value of a top-level term
-value0 :: CompleteEnv -> Term -> Err Value
-value0 env = eval (global env) []
-
--- | Computing the value of a term
-value :: CompleteEnv -> Term -> Err OpenValue
-value env t0 =
-  -- Each terms is traversed only once by this function, using only statically
-  -- available information. Notably, the values of lambda bound variables 
-  -- will be unknown during the term traversal phase.
-  -- The result is an OpenValue, which is a function that may be applied many
-  -- times to different dynamic values, but without the term traversal overhead
-  -- and without recomputing other statically known information.
-  -- For this to work, there should be no recursive calls under lambdas here.
-  -- Whenever we need to construct the OpenValue function with an explicit
-  -- lambda, we have to lift the recursive calls outside the lambda.
-  -- (See e.g. the rules for Let, Prod and Abs)
-{-
-  trace (render $ text "value"<+>sep [ppL (gloc env)<>text ":",
-                                      brackets (fsep (map ppIdent (local env))),
-                                      ppTerm Unqualified 10 t0]) $
---}
-  errIn (render t0) $
-  case t0 of
-    Vr x   -> var env x
-    Q x@(m,f)
-      | m == cPredef -> if f==cErrorType                -- to be removed
-                        then let p = identS "P"
-                             in const # value0 env (mkProd [(Implicit,p,typeType)] (Vr p) [])
-                        else if f==cPBool
-                               then const # resource env x
-                               else const . flip VApp [] # predef f
-      | otherwise    -> const # resource env x --valueResDef (fst env) x
-    QC x   -> return $ const (VCApp x [])
-    App e1 e2 -> apply' env e1 . (:[]) =<< value env e2
-    Let (x,(oty,t)) body -> do vb <- value (ext x env) body
-                               vt <- value env t
-                               return $ \ vs -> vb (vt vs:vs)
-    Meta i -> return $ \ vs -> VMeta i (zip (local env) vs) []
-    Prod bt x t1 t2 ->
-       do vt1 <- value env t1
-          vt2 <- value (ext x env) t2
-          return $ \ vs -> VProd bt (vt1 vs) x $ Bind $ \ vx -> vt2 (vx:vs)
-    Abs bt x t -> do vt <- value (ext x env) t
-                     return $ VAbs bt x . Bind . \ vs vx -> vt (vx:vs)
-    EInt n -> return $ const (VInt n)
-    EFloat f -> return $ const (VFloat f)
-    K s -> return $ const (VString s)
-    Empty -> return $ const (VString "")
-    Sort s | s == cTok -> return $ const (VSort cStr)        -- to be removed 
-           | otherwise -> return $ const (VSort s)
-    ImplArg t -> (VImplArg.) # value env t
-    Table p res -> liftM2 VTblType # value env p <# value env res
-    RecType rs -> do lovs <- mapPairsM (value env) rs
-                     return $ \vs->VRecType $ mapSnd ($vs) lovs
-    t@(ExtR t1 t2) -> ((extR t.)# both id) # both (value env) (t1,t2)
-    FV ts   -> ((vfv .) # sequence) # mapM (value env) ts
-    R as    -> do lovs <- mapPairsM (value env.snd) as
-                  return $ \ vs->VRec $ mapSnd ($vs) lovs
-    T i cs  -> valueTable env i cs
-    V ty ts -> do pvs <- paramValues env ty
-                  ((VV ty pvs .) . sequence) # mapM (value env) ts
-    C t1 t2 -> ((ok2p vconcat.) # both id) # both (value env) (t1,t2)
-    S t1 t2 -> ((select env.) # both id) # both (value env) (t1,t2)
-    P t l   -> --maybe (bug $ "project "++show l++" from "++show v) id $
-               do ov <- value env t
-                  return $ \ vs -> let v = ov vs
-                                   in maybe (VP v l) id (proj l v)
-    Alts t tts -> (\v vts -> VAlts # v <# mapM (both id) vts) # value env t <# mapM (both (value env)) tts
-    Strs ts    -> ((VStrs.) # sequence) # mapM (value env) ts
-    Glue t1 t2 -> ((ok2p (glue env).) # both id) # both (value env) (t1,t2)
-    ELin c r -> (unlockVRec (gloc env) c.) # value env r
-    EPatt p  -> return $ const (VPatt p) -- hmm
-    EPattType ty -> do vt <- value env ty
-                       return (VPattType . vt)
-    Typed t ty -> value env t
-    t -> fail.render $ "value"<+>ppTerm Unqualified 10 t $$ show t
-
-vconcat vv@(v1,v2) =
-    case vv of
-      (VString "",_) -> v2
-      (_,VString "") -> v1
-      (VApp NonExist _,_) -> v1
-      (_,VApp NonExist _) -> v2
-      _ -> VC v1 v2
-
-proj l v | isLockLabel l = return (VRec [])
-                ---- a workaround 18/2/2005: take this away and find the reason
-                ---- why earlier compilation destroys the lock field
-proj l v =
-    case v of
-      VFV vs -> liftM vfv (mapM (proj l) vs)
-      VRec rs -> lookup l rs
---    VExtR v1 v2 -> proj l v2 `mplus` proj l v1 -- hmm
-      VS (VV pty pvs rs) v2 -> flip VS v2 . VV pty pvs # mapM (proj l) rs
-      _ -> return (ok1 VP v l)
-
-ok1 f v1@(VError {}) _ = v1
-ok1 f v1 v2 = f v1 v2
- 
-ok2 f v1@(VError {}) _ = v1
-ok2 f _ v2@(VError {}) = v2
-ok2 f v1 v2 = f v1 v2
-
-ok2p f (v1@VError {},_) = v1
-ok2p f (_,v2@VError {}) = v2
-ok2p f vv = f vv
-
-unlockVRec loc c0 v0 = v0
-{-
-unlockVRec loc c0 v0 = unlockVRec' c0 v0
-  where
-    unlockVRec' ::Ident -> Value -> Value
-    unlockVRec' c v =
-        case v of
-    --    VClosure env t -> err bug (VClosure env) (unlockRecord c t)
-          VAbs bt x (Bind f) -> VAbs bt x (Bind $ \ v -> unlockVRec' c (f v))
-          VRec rs        -> plusVRec rs lock
-    --    _              -> VExtR v (VRec lock) -- hmm
-          _              -> {-trace (render $ ppL loc $ "unlock non-record "++show v0)-} v -- hmm
-    --    _              -> bugloc loc $ "unlock non-record "++show v0
-      where
-        lock = [(lockLabel c,VRec [])]
--}
-
--- suspicious, but backwards compatible
-plusVRec rs1 rs2 = VRec ([(l,v)|(l,v)<-rs1,l `notElem` ls2] ++ rs2)
-  where ls2 = map fst rs2
-
-extR t vv =
-    case vv of
-      (VFV vs,v2) -> vfv [extR t (v1,v2)|v1<-vs]
-      (v1,VFV vs) -> vfv [extR t (v1,v2)|v2<-vs]
-      (VRecType rs1, VRecType rs2) ->
-          case intersect (map fst rs1) (map fst rs2) of
-            [] -> VRecType (rs1 ++ rs2)
-            ls -> error $ "clash"<+>show ls
-      (VRec     rs1, VRec     rs2) -> plusVRec rs1 rs2
-      (v1          , VRec [(l,_)]) | isLockLabel l -> v1 -- hmm
-      (VS (VV t pvs vs) s,v2) -> VS (VV t pvs [extR t (v1,v2)|v1<-vs]) s
---    (v1,v2) -> ok2 VExtR v1 v2 -- hmm
-      (v1,v2) -> error $ "not records" $$ show v1 $$ show v2
-  where
-    error explain = ppbug $ "The term" <+> t
-                            <+> "is not reducible" $$ explain
-
-glue env (v1,v2) = glu v1 v2
-  where
-    glu v1 v2 =
-        case (v1,v2) of
-          (VFV vs,v2) -> vfv [glu v1 v2|v1<-vs]
-          (v1,VFV vs) -> vfv [glu v1 v2|v2<-vs]
-          (VString s1,VString s2) -> VString (s1++s2)
-          (v1,VAlts d vs) -> VAlts (glx d) [(glx v,c) | (v,c) <- vs]
-             where glx v2 = glu v1 v2
-          (v1@(VAlts {}),v2) ->
-           --err (const (ok2 VGlue v1 v2)) id $
-             err bug id $
-             do y' <- strsFromValue v2
-                x' <- strsFromValue v1
-                return $ vfv [foldr1 VC (map VString (str2strings (glueStr v u))) | v <- x', u <- y']
-          (VC va vb,v2) -> VC va (glu vb v2)
-          (v1,VC va vb) -> VC (glu v1 va) vb
-          (VS (VV ty pvs vs) vb,v2) -> VS (VV ty pvs [glu v v2|v<-vs]) vb
-          (v1,VS (VV ty pvs vs) vb) -> VS (VV ty pvs [glu v1 v|v<-vs]) vb
-          (v1@(VApp NonExist _),_) -> v1
-          (_,v2@(VApp NonExist _)) -> v2
---        (v1,v2) -> ok2 VGlue v1 v2
-          (v1,v2) -> if flag optPlusAsBind (opts env)
-                       then VC v1 (VC (VApp BIND []) v2)
-                       else let loc  = gloc env
-                                vt v = case value2term loc (local env) v of
-                                         Left i  -> Error ('#':show i)
-                                         Right t -> t
-                            in error . render $
-                                         ppL loc (hang "unsupported token gluing:" 4
-                                                        (Glue (vt v1) (vt v2)))
-
-
--- | to get a string from a value that represents a sequence of terminals
-strsFromValue :: Value -> Err [Str]
-strsFromValue t = case t of
-  VString s   -> return [str s]
-  VC s t -> do
-    s' <- strsFromValue s
-    t' <- strsFromValue t
-    return [plusStr x y | x <- s', y <- t']
-{-
-  VGlue s t -> do
-    s' <- strsFromValue s
-    t' <- strsFromValue t
-    return [glueStr x y | x <- s', y <- t']
--}
-  VAlts d vs -> do
-    d0 <- strsFromValue d
-    v0 <- mapM (strsFromValue . fst) vs
-    c0 <- mapM (strsFromValue . snd) vs
-  --let vs' = zip v0 c0
-    return [strTok (str2strings def) vars | 
-              def  <- d0,
-              vars <- [[(str2strings v, map sstr c) | (v,c) <- zip vv c0] | 
-                                                          vv <- combinations v0]
-           ]
-  VFV ts -> concat # mapM strsFromValue ts
-  VStrs ts -> concat # mapM strsFromValue ts
-
-  _ -> fail ("cannot get Str from value " ++ show t)
-
-vfv vs = case nub vs of
-           [v] -> v
-           vs -> VFV vs
-
-select env vv =
-    case vv of
-      (v1,VFV vs) -> vfv [select env (v1,v2)|v2<-vs]
-      (VFV vs,v2) -> vfv [select env (v1,v2)|v1<-vs]
-      (v1@(VV pty vs rs),v2) ->
-         err (const (VS v1 v2)) id $
-         do --ats <- allParamValues (srcgr env) pty
-            --let vs = map (value0 env) ats
-            i <- maybeErr "no match" $ findIndex (==v2) vs
-            return (ix (gloc env) "select" rs i)
-      (VT _ _ [(PW,Bind b)],_) -> {-trace "eliminate wild card table" $-} b []
-      (v1@(VT _ _ cs),v2) ->
-                 err (\_->ok2 VS v1 v2) (err bug id . valueMatch env) $
-                 match (gloc env) cs v2
-      (VS (VV pty pvs rs) v12,v2) -> VS (VV pty pvs [select env (v11,v2)|v11<-rs]) v12
-      (v1,v2) -> ok2 VS v1 v2
-
-match loc cs v = 
-  case value2term loc [] v of
-    Left i  -> bad ("variable #"++show i++" is out of scope")
-    Right t -> err bad return (matchPattern cs t)
-  where
-    bad = fail . ("In pattern matching: "++)
-
-valueMatch :: CompleteEnv -> (Bind Env,Substitution) -> Err Value
-valueMatch env (Bind f,env') = f # mapPairsM (value0 env) env'
-
-valueTable :: CompleteEnv -> TInfo -> [Case] -> Err OpenValue
-valueTable env i cs =
-    case i of
-      TComp ty -> do pvs <- paramValues env ty
-                     ((VV ty pvs .) # sequence) # mapM (value env.snd) cs
-      _ -> do ty <- getTableType i
-              cs' <- mapM valueCase cs
-              err (dynamic cs' ty) return (convert cs' ty)
-  where
-    dynamic cs' ty _ = cases cs' # value env ty
-
-    cases cs' vty vs = err keep ($vs) (convertv cs' (vty vs))
-      where
-        keep msg = --trace (msg++"\n"++render (ppTerm Unqualified 0 (T i cs))) $
-                   VT wild (vty vs) (mapSnd ($vs) cs')
-
-    wild = case i of TWild _ -> True; _ -> False
-
-    convertv cs' vty = 
-      case value2term (gloc env) [] vty of
-        Left i    -> fail ("variable #"++show i++" is out of scope")
-        Right pty -> convert' cs' =<< paramValues'' env pty
-
-    convert cs' ty = convert' cs' =<< paramValues' env ty
-
-    convert' cs' ((pty,vs),pvs) =
-      do sts  <- mapM (matchPattern cs') vs
-         return $ \ vs -> VV pty pvs $ map (err bug id . valueMatch env)
-                                           (mapFst ($vs) sts)
-
-    valueCase (p,t) = do p' <- measurePatt # inlinePattMacro p
-                         pvs <- linPattVars p'
-                         vt <- value (extend pvs env) t
-                         return (p',\vs-> Bind $ \bs-> vt (push' p' bs pvs vs))
-
-    inlinePattMacro p =
-        case p of
-          PM qc -> do r <- resource env qc
-                      case r of
-                        VPatt p' -> inlinePattMacro p'
-                        _ -> ppbug $ hang "Expected pattern macro:" 4
-                                          (show r)
-          _ -> composPattOp inlinePattMacro p
-
-
-paramValues env ty = snd # paramValues' env ty
-
-paramValues' env ty = paramValues'' env =<< nfx (global env) ty
-
-paramValues'' env pty = do ats <- allParamValues (srcgr env) pty
-                           pvs <- mapM (eval (global env) []) ats
-                           return ((pty,ats),pvs)
-
-push' p bs xs = if length bs/=length xs
-                then bug $ "push "++show (p,bs,xs)
-                else push bs xs
-
-push :: Env -> LocalScope -> Stack -> Stack
-push bs [] vs = vs
-push bs (x:xs) vs = maybe err id (lookup x bs):push bs xs vs
-  where  err = bug $ "Unbound pattern variable "++showIdent x
-
-apply' :: CompleteEnv -> Term -> [OpenValue] -> Err OpenValue
-apply' env t [] = value env t
-apply' env t vs =
-  case t of
-    QC x                   -> return $ \ svs -> VCApp x (map ($svs) vs)
-{-
-    Q x@(m,f) | m==cPredef -> return $
-                              let constr = --trace ("predef "++show x) .
-                                           VApp x 
-                              in \ svs -> maybe constr id (Map.lookup f predefs)
-                                          $ map ($svs) vs
-              | otherwise  -> do r <- resource env x
-                                 return $ \ svs -> vapply (gloc env) r (map ($svs) vs)
--}
-    App t1 t2              -> apply' env t1 . (:vs) =<< value env t2
-    _                      -> do fv <- value env t
-                                 return $ \ svs -> vapply (gloc env) (fv svs) (map ($svs) vs)
-
-vapply :: GLocation -> Value -> [Value] -> Value
-vapply loc v [] = v
-vapply loc v vs =
-  case v of
-    VError {} -> v
---  VClosure env (Abs b x t) -> beta gr env b x t vs
-    VAbs bt _ (Bind f) -> vbeta loc bt f vs
-    VApp pre vs1 -> delta' pre (vs1++vs)
-      where
-        delta' Trace (v1:v2:vs) = let vr = vapply loc v2 vs
-                                  in vtrace loc v1 vr
-        delta' pre vs = err msg vfv $ mapM (delta pre) (varyList vs)
-        --msg = const (VApp pre (vs1++vs))
-        msg = bug . (("Applying Predef."++showIdent (predefName pre)++": ")++)
-    VS (VV t pvs fs) s -> VS (VV t pvs [vapply loc f vs|f<-fs]) s
-    VFV fs -> vfv [vapply loc f vs|f<-fs]
-    VCApp f vs0 -> VCApp f (vs0++vs)
-    VMeta i env vs0 -> VMeta i env (vs0++vs)
-    VGen i vs0 -> VGen i (vs0++vs)
-    v -> bug $ "vapply "++show v++" "++show vs
-
-vbeta loc bt f (v:vs) =
-  case (bt,v) of
-    (Implicit,VImplArg v) -> ap v
-    (Explicit,         v) -> ap v
-  where
-    ap (VFV avs) = vfv [vapply loc (f v) vs|v<-avs]
-    ap v         = vapply loc (f v) vs
-
-vary (VFV vs) = vs
-vary v = [v]
-varyList = mapM vary
-
-{-
-beta env b x t (v:vs) =
-  case (b,v) of
-    (Implicit,VImplArg v) -> apply' (ext (x,v) env) t vs
-    (Explicit,         v) -> apply' (ext (x,v) env) t vs
--}
-
-vtrace loc arg res = trace (render (hang (pv arg) 4 ("->"<+>pv res))) res
-  where
-    pv v = case v of
-             VRec (f:as) -> hang (pf f) 4 (fsep (map pa as))
-             _ -> ppV v
-    pf (_,VString n) = pp n
-    pf (_,v) = ppV v
-    pa (_,v) = ppV v
-    ppV v = case value2term' True loc [] v of
-              Left i  -> "variable #" <> pp i <+> "is out of scope"
-              Right t -> ppTerm Unqualified 10 t
-
--- | Convert a value back to a term
-value2term :: GLocation -> [Ident] -> Value -> Either Int Term
-value2term = value2term' False
-value2term' stop loc xs v0 =
-  case v0 of
-    VApp pre vs    -> liftM (foldl App (Q (cPredef,predefName pre))) (mapM v2t vs)
-    VCApp f vs     -> liftM  (foldl App (QC f))   (mapM v2t vs)
-    VGen j vs      -> liftM2 (foldl App) (var j)  (mapM v2t vs)
-    VMeta j env vs -> liftM  (foldl App (Meta j)) (mapM v2t vs)
-    VProd bt v x f -> liftM2 (Prod bt x) (v2t v) (v2t' x f)
-    VAbs  bt   x f -> liftM  (Abs  bt x)         (v2t' x f)
-    VInt n         -> return (EInt n)
-    VFloat f       -> return (EFloat f)
-    VString s      -> return (if null s then Empty else K s)
-    VSort s        -> return (Sort s)
-    VImplArg v     -> liftM  ImplArg (v2t v)
-    VTblType p res -> liftM2 Table (v2t p) (v2t res)
-    VRecType rs    -> liftM  RecType (mapM (\(l,v) -> fmap ((,) l) (v2t v)) rs)
-    VRec as        -> liftM  R       (mapM (\(l,v) -> v2t v >>= \t -> return (l,(Nothing,t))) as)
-    VV t _ vs      -> liftM  (V t)   (mapM v2t vs)
-    VT wild v cs   -> v2t v >>= \t -> liftM (T ((if wild then TWild else TTyped) t)) (mapM nfcase cs)
-    VFV vs         -> liftM  FV (mapM v2t vs)
-    VC v1 v2       -> liftM2 C (v2t v1) (v2t v2)
-    VS v1 v2       -> liftM2 S (v2t v1) (v2t v2)
-    VP v l         -> v2t v >>= \t -> return (P t l)
-    VPatt p        -> return (EPatt p)
-    VPattType v    -> v2t v >>= return . EPattType
-    VAlts v vvs    -> liftM2 Alts (v2t v) (mapM (\(x,y) -> liftM2 (,) (v2t x) (v2t y)) vvs)
-    VStrs vs       -> liftM  Strs (mapM v2t vs)
---  VGlue v1 v2    -> Glue (v2t v1) (v2t v2)
---  VExtR v1 v2    -> ExtR (v2t v1) (v2t v2)
-    VError err     -> return (Error err)
-    _              -> bug ("value2term "++show loc++" : "++show v0)
-  where
-    v2t = v2txs xs
-    v2txs = value2term' stop loc
-    v2t' x f = v2txs (x:xs) (bind f (gen xs))
-
-    var j
-      | j<length xs = Right (Vr (reverse xs !! j))
-      | otherwise   = Left  j
-
-
-    pushs xs e = foldr push e xs
-    push x (env,xs) = ((x,gen xs):env,x:xs)
-    gen xs = VGen (length xs) []
-
-    nfcase (p,f) = liftM ((,) p) (v2txs xs' (bind f env'))
-      where (env',xs') = pushs (pattVars p) ([],xs)
-
-    bind (Bind f) x = if stop
-                      then VSort (identS "...") -- hmm
-                      else f x
-
-
-linPattVars p =
-    if null dups
-    then return pvs
-    else fail.render $ hang "Pattern is not linear:" 4 (ppPatt Unqualified 0 p)
-  where
-    allpvs = allPattVars p
-    pvs = nub allpvs
-    dups = allpvs \\ pvs
-
-pattVars = nub . allPattVars
-allPattVars p =
-    case p of
-      PV i    -> [i]
-      PAs i p -> i:allPattVars p
-      _       -> collectPattOp allPattVars p
-
----
-ix loc fn xs i =
-    if i<n
-    then xs !! i
-    else bugloc loc $ "(!!): index too large in "++fn++", "++show i++"<"++show n
-  where n = length xs
-
-infixl 1 #,<# --,@@
-
-f # x = fmap f x
-mf <# mx  = ap mf mx
---m1 @@ m2 = (m1 =<<) . m2
-
-both f (x,y) = (,) # f x <# f y
-
-bugloc loc s = ppbug $ ppL loc s
-
-bug msg = ppbug msg
-ppbug doc = error $ render $ hang "Internal error in Compute.ConcreteNew:" 4 doc

src/compiler/GF/Compile/Compute/Value.hs

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ data Value
   | VGen Int [Value] -- for lambda bound variables, possibly applied
   | VMeta MetaId Env [Value]
 -- -- | VClosure Env Term -- used in Typecheck.ConcreteNew
-  | VAbs BindType Ident Binding -- used in Compute.ConcreteNew
-  | VProd BindType Value Ident Binding -- used in Compute.ConcreteNew
+  | VAbs BindType Ident Binding -- used in Compute.Concrete
+  | VProd BindType Value Ident Binding -- used in Compute.Concrete
   | VInt Int
   | VFloat Double
   | VString String
@@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ type Env = [(Ident,Value)]
 
 -- | Predefined functions
 data Predefined = Drop | Take | Tk | Dp | EqStr | Occur | Occurs | ToUpper
-                | ToLower | IsUpper | Length | Plus | EqInt | LessInt 
+                | ToLower | IsUpper | Length | Plus | EqInt | LessInt
              {- | Show | Read | ToStr | MapStr | EqVal -}
                 | Error | Trace
                 -- Canonical values below:
-                | PBool | PFalse | PTrue | Int | Float | Ints | NonExist 
+                | PBool | PFalse | PTrue | Int | Float | Ints | NonExist
                 | BIND | SOFT_BIND | SOFT_SPACE | CAPIT | ALL_CAPIT
                 deriving (Show,Eq,Ord,Ix,Bounded,Enum)

src/compiler/GF/Compile/ConcreteToHaskell.hs

@@ -1,365 +1,350 @@
 -- | Translate concrete syntax to Haskell
 module GF.Compile.ConcreteToHaskell(concretes2haskell,concrete2haskell) where
-import Data.List(sort,sortBy)
-import Data.Function(on)
+import Data.List(isPrefixOf,sort,sortOn)
 import qualified Data.Map as M
 import qualified Data.Set as S
-import GF.Data.ErrM
-import GF.Data.Utilities(mapSnd)
 import GF.Text.Pretty
-import GF.Grammar.Grammar
-import GF.Grammar.Lookup(lookupFunType,lookupOrigInfo,allOrigInfos)--,allParamValues
-import GF.Grammar.Macros(typeForm,collectOp,collectPattOp,mkAbs,mkApp)
-import GF.Grammar.Lockfield(isLockLabel)
-import GF.Grammar.Predef(cPredef,cInts)
-import GF.Compile.Compute.Predef(predef)
-import GF.Compile.Compute.Value(Predefined(..))
-import GF.Infra.Ident(Ident,identS,prefixIdent) --,moduleNameS
+--import GF.Grammar.Predef(cPredef,cInts)
+--import GF.Compile.Compute.Predef(predef)
+--import GF.Compile.Compute.Value(Predefined(..))
+import GF.Infra.Ident(Ident,identC,identS,identW,prefixIdent,showRawIdent,rawIdentS)
 import GF.Infra.Option
-import GF.Compile.Compute.ConcreteNew(normalForm,resourceValues)
-import GF.Haskell
-import Debug.Trace
+import GF.Haskell as H
+import GF.Grammar.Canonical as C
+import GF.Compile.GrammarToCanonical
+import Debug.Trace(trace)
 
 -- | Generate Haskell code for the all concrete syntaxes associated with
 -- the named abstract syntax in given the grammar.
 concretes2haskell opts absname gr =
-  [(cncname,concrete2haskell opts gr cenv absname cnc cncmod)
-     | let cenv = resourceValues opts gr,
-       cnc<-allConcretes gr absname,
-       let cncname = render cnc ++ ".hs" :: FilePath
-           Ok cncmod = lookupModule gr cnc
+  [(filename,render80 $ concrete2haskell opts abstr cncmod)
+     | let Grammar abstr cncs = grammar2canonical opts absname gr,
+       cncmod<-cncs,
+       let ModId name = concName cncmod
+           filename = showRawIdent name ++ ".hs" :: FilePath
   ]
 
 -- | Generate Haskell code for the given concrete module.
 -- The only options that make a difference are
 -- @-haskell=noprefix@ and @-haskell=variants@.
-concrete2haskell opts gr cenv absname cnc modinfo =
-    renderStyle style{lineLength=80,ribbonsPerLine=1} $
-      haskPreamble va absname cnc $$ vcat (
-      nl:Comment "--- Parameter types ---":
-      neededParamTypes S.empty (params defs) ++
-      nl:Comment "--- Type signatures for linearization functions ---":
-      map signature (S.toList allcats)++
-      nl:Comment "--- Linearization functions for empty categories ---":
-      emptydefs ++
-      nl:Comment "--- Linearization types and linearization functions ---":
-      map ppDef defs ++
-      nl:Comment "--- Type classes for projection functions ---":
-      map labelClass (S.toList labels) ++
-      nl:Comment "--- Record types ---":
-      concatMap recordType recs)
+concrete2haskell opts
+                 abstr@(Abstract _ _ cats funs)
+                 modinfo@(Concrete cnc absname _ ps lcs lns) =
+  haskPreamble absname cnc $$
+  vcat (
+    nl:Comment "--- Parameter types ---":
+    map paramDef ps ++
+    nl:Comment "--- Type signatures for linearization functions ---":
+    map signature cats ++
+    nl:Comment "--- Linearization functions for empty categories ---":
+    emptydefs ++
+    nl:Comment "--- Linearization types ---":
+    map lincatDef lcs ++
+    nl:Comment "--- Linearization functions ---":
+    lindefs ++
+    nl:Comment "--- Type classes for projection functions ---":
+    map labelClass (S.toList labels) ++
+    nl:Comment "--- Record types ---":
+    concatMap recordType recs)
   where
     nl = Comment ""
+    recs = S.toList (S.difference (records (lcs,lns)) common_records)
+
     labels = S.difference (S.unions (map S.fromList recs)) common_labels
-    recs = S.toList (S.difference (records rhss) common_records)
     common_records = S.fromList [[label_s]]
     common_labels = S.fromList [label_s]
-    label_s = ident2label (identS "s")
+    label_s = LabelId (rawIdentS "s")
 
-    rhss = map (either snd (snd.snd)) defs
-    defs = sortBy (compare `on` either (const Nothing) (Just . fst)) .
-           concatMap (toHaskell gId gr absname cenv) . 
-           M.toList $
-           jments modinfo
-
---  signature c = "lin"<>c<+>"::"<+>"A."<>gId c<+>"->"<+>"Lin"<>c
---  signature c = "--lin"<>c<+>":: (Applicative f,Monad f) =>"<+>"A."<>gId c<+>"->"<+>"f Lin"<>c
-    signature c = TypeSig lf (Fun abs (pure lin))
+    signature (CatDef c _) = TypeSig lf (Fun abs (pure lin))
       where
         abs = tcon0 (prefixIdent "A." (gId c))
         lin = tcon0 lc
-        lf = prefixIdent "lin" c
-        lc = prefixIdent "Lin" c
+        lf = linfunName c
+        lc = lincatName c
 
     emptydefs = map emptydef (S.toList emptyCats)
-    emptydef c = Eqn (prefixIdent "lin" c,[WildP]) (Const "undefined")
+    emptydef c = Eqn (linfunName c,[WildP]) (Const "undefined")
 
-    emptyCats = allcats `S.difference` cats
-    cats = S.fromList [c|Right (c,_)<-defs]
-    allcats = S.fromList [c|((_,c),AbsCat (Just _))<-allOrigInfos gr absname]
+    emptyCats = allcats `S.difference` linfuncats
+      where
+     --funcats = S.fromList [c | FunDef f (C.Type _ (TypeApp c _))<-funs]
+       allcats = S.fromList [c | CatDef c _<-cats]
 
-    params = S.toList . S.unions . map params1
-    params1 (Left (_,rhs)) = paramTypes gr rhs
-    params1 (Right (_,(_,rhs))) = tableTypes gr [rhs]
+    gId :: ToIdent i => i -> Ident
+    gId = (if haskellOption opts HaskellNoPrefix then id else prefixIdent "G")
+          . toIdent
 
-    ppDef (Left (lhs,rhs)) = lhs (convType va gId rhs)
-    ppDef (Right (_,(lhs,rhs))) = lhs (convert va gId gr rhs)
-
-    gId :: Ident -> Ident
-    gId = if haskellOption opts HaskellNoPrefix then id else prefixIdent "G"
     va = haskellOption opts HaskellVariants
     pure = if va then ListT else id
 
-    neededParamTypes have [] = []
-    neededParamTypes have (q:qs) =
-        if q `S.member` have
-        then neededParamTypes have qs
-        else let ((got,need),def) = paramType va gId gr q
-             in def++neededParamTypes (S.union got have) (S.toList need++qs)
-
-haskPreamble :: Bool -> ModuleName -> ModuleName -> Doc
-haskPreamble va absname cncname =
-  "{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses, FunctionalDependencies, FlexibleInstances, LambdaCase #-}" $$
-  "module" <+> cncname <+> "where" $$
-  "import Prelude hiding (Ordering(..))" $$
-  "import Control.Applicative((<$>),(<*>))" $$
-  "import PGF.Haskell" $$
-  "import qualified" <+> absname <+> "as A" $$
-  "" $$
-  "--- Standard definitions ---" $$
-  "linString (A.GString s) ="<+>pure "R_s [TK s]" $$
-  "linInt (A.GInt i) ="<+>pure "R_s [TK (show i)]" $$
-  "linFloat (A.GFloat x) ="<+>pure "R_s [TK (show x)]" $$
-  "" $$
-  "----------------------------------------------------" $$
-  "-- Automatic translation from GF to Haskell follows" $$
-  "----------------------------------------------------"
-  where
-    pure = if va then brackets else pp
-
-toHaskell gId gr absname cenv (name,jment) =
-  case jment of
-    CncCat (Just (L loc typ)) _ _ pprn _ ->
-        [Left (tsyn0 (prefixIdent "Lin" name),nf loc typ)]
-    CncFun (Just r@(cat,ctx,lincat)) (Just (L loc def)) pprn _ ->
---      trace (render (name<+>hcat[parens (x<>"::"<>t)|(_,x,t)<-ctx]<+>"::"<+>cat)) $
-        [Right (cat,(Eqn (prefixIdent "lin" cat,lhs),coerce [] lincat rhs))]
+    haskPreamble :: ModId -> ModId -> Doc
+    haskPreamble absname cncname =
+      "{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses, FunctionalDependencies, FlexibleInstances, LambdaCase #-}" $$
+      "module" <+> cncname <+> "where" $$
+      "import Prelude hiding (Ordering(..))" $$
+      "import Control.Applicative((<$>),(<*>))" $$
+      "import PGF.Haskell" $$
+      "import qualified" <+> absname <+> "as A" $$
+      "" $$
+      "--- Standard definitions ---" $$
+      "linString (A.GString s) ="<+>pure "R_s [TK s]" $$
+      "linInt (A.GInt i) ="<+>pure "R_s [TK (show i)]" $$
+      "linFloat (A.GFloat x) ="<+>pure "R_s [TK (show x)]" $$
+      "" $$
+      "----------------------------------------------------" $$
+      "-- Automatic translation from GF to Haskell follows" $$
+      "----------------------------------------------------"
       where
-        Ok abstype = lookupFunType gr absname name
-        (absctx,_abscat,_absargs) = typeForm abstype
+        pure = if va then brackets else pp
 
-        e' = unAbs (length params) $
-             nf loc (mkAbs params (mkApp def (map Vr args)))
-        params = [(b,prefixIdent "g" x)|(b,x,_)<-ctx]
-        args = map snd params
-        abs_args = map (prefixIdent "abs_") args
-        lhs = [ConP (aId name) (map VarP abs_args)]
-        rhs = foldr letlin e' (zip args absctx)
-        letlin (a,(_,_,at)) =
-           Let (a,(Just (con ("Lin"++render at)),(App (con ("lin"++render at)) (con ("abs_"++render a)))))
-    AnyInd _ m  -> case lookupOrigInfo gr (m,name) of
-                     Ok (m,jment) -> toHaskell gId gr absname cenv (name,jment)
-                     _ -> []
-    _ -> []
-  where
-    nf loc = normalForm cenv (L loc name)
-    aId n = prefixIdent "A." (gId n)
+    paramDef pd =
+      case pd of
+        ParamAliasDef p t -> H.Type (conap0 (gId p)) (convLinType t)
+        ParamDef p pvs -> Data (conap0 (gId p)) (map paramCon pvs) derive
+          where
+            paramCon (Param c cs) = ConAp (gId c) (map (tcon0.gId) cs)
+            derive = ["Eq","Ord","Show"]
 
-    unAbs 0 t = t
-    unAbs n (Abs _ _ t) = unAbs (n-1) t
-    unAbs _ t = t
+    convLinType = ppT
+      where
+        ppT t =
+          case t of
+            FloatType -> tcon0 (identS "Float")
+            IntType -> tcon0 (identS "Int")
+            ParamType (ParamTypeId p) -> tcon0 (gId p)
+            RecordType rs -> tcon (rcon' ls) (map ppT ts)
+              where (ls,ts) = unzip $ sortOn fst [(l,t)|RecordRow l t<-rs]
+            StrType -> tcon0 (identS "Str")
+            TableType pt lt -> Fun (ppT pt) (ppT lt)
+--          TupleType lts ->
+
+    lincatDef (LincatDef c t) = tsyn0 (lincatName c) (convLinType t)
+
+    linfuncats = S.fromList linfuncatl
+    (linfuncatl,lindefs) = unzip (linDefs lns)
+
+    linDefs = map eqn . sortOn fst . map linDef
+      where eqn (cat,(f,(ps,rhs))) = (cat,Eqn (f,ps) rhs)
+
+    linDef (LinDef f xs rhs0) =
+        (cat,(linfunName cat,(lhs,rhs)))
+      where
+        lhs = [ConP (aId f) (map VarP abs_args)]
+        aId f = prefixIdent "A." (gId f)
+
+        [lincat] = [lincat | LincatDef c lincat<-lcs,c==cat]
+        [C.Type absctx (TypeApp cat _)] = [t | FunDef f' t<-funs, f'==f]
+
+        abs_args = map abs_arg args
+        abs_arg = prefixIdent "abs_"
+        args = map (prefixIdent "g" . toIdent) xs
+
+        rhs = lets (zipWith letlin args absctx)
+                   (convert vs (coerce env lincat rhs0))
+          where
+            vs = [(VarValueId (Unqual x),a)|(VarId x,a)<-zip xs args]
+            env= [(VarValueId (Unqual x),lc)|(VarId x,lc)<-zip xs (map arglincat absctx)]
+
+        letlin a (TypeBinding _ (C.Type _ (TypeApp acat _))) =
+          (a,Ap (Var (linfunName acat)) (Var (abs_arg a)))
+
+        arglincat (TypeBinding _ (C.Type _ (TypeApp acat _))) = lincat
+          where
+            [lincat] = [lincat | LincatDef c lincat<-lcs,c==acat]
+
+    convert = convert' va
+
+    convert' va vs = ppT
+      where
+        ppT0 = convert' False vs
+        ppTv vs' = convert' va vs'
+
+        pure = if va then single else id
+
+        ppT t =
+          case t of
+            TableValue ty cs -> pure (table cs)
+            Selection t p -> select (ppT t) (ppT p)
+            ConcatValue t1 t2 -> concat (ppT t1) (ppT t2)
+            RecordValue r -> aps (rcon ls) (map ppT ts)
+              where (ls,ts) = unzip $ sortOn fst [(l,t)|RecordRow l t<-r]
+            PredefValue p -> single (Var (toIdent p)) -- hmm
+            Projection t l -> ap (proj l) (ppT t)
+            VariantValue [] -> empty
+            VariantValue ts@(_:_) -> variants ts
+            VarValue x -> maybe (Var (gId x)) (pure . Var) $ lookup x vs
+            PreValue vs t' -> pure (alts t' vs)
+            ParamConstant (Param c vs) -> aps (Var (pId c)) (map ppT vs)
+            ErrorValue s -> ap (Const "error") (Const (show s)) -- !!
+            LiteralValue l -> ppL l
+            _ -> error ("convert "++show t)
+
+        ppL l =
+          case l of
+            FloatConstant x -> pure (lit x)
+            IntConstant n -> pure (lit n)
+            StrConstant s -> pure (token s)
+
+        pId p@(ParamId s) =
+          if "to_R_" `isPrefixOf` unqual s then toIdent p else gId p -- !! a hack
+
+        table cs =
+            if all (null.patVars) ps
+            then lets ds (LambdaCase [(ppP p,t')|(p,t')<-zip ps ts'])
+            else LambdaCase (map ppCase cs)
+          where
+            (ds,ts') = dedup ts
+            (ps,ts) = unzip [(p,t)|TableRow p t<-cs]
+        ppCase (TableRow p t) = (ppP p,ppTv (patVars p++vs) t)
+{-
+        ppPredef n =
+          case predef n of
+            Ok BIND       -> single (c "BIND")
+            Ok SOFT_BIND  -> single (c "SOFT_BIND")
+            Ok SOFT_SPACE -> single (c "SOFT_SPACE")
+            Ok CAPIT      -> single (c "CAPIT")
+            Ok ALL_CAPIT  -> single (c "ALL_CAPIT")
+            _ -> Var n
+-}
+        ppP p =
+          case p of
+            ParamPattern (Param c ps) -> ConP (gId c) (map ppP ps)
+            RecordPattern r -> ConP (rcon' ls) (map ppP ps)
+              where (ls,ps) = unzip $ sortOn fst [(l,p)|RecordRow l p<-r]
+            WildPattern -> WildP
+
+        token s = single (c "TK" `Ap` lit s)
+
+        alts t' vs = single (c "TP" `Ap` List (map alt vs) `Ap` ppT0 t')
+          where
+            alt (s,t) = Pair (List (pre s)) (ppT0 t)
+            pre s = map lit s
+
+        c = Const
+        lit s = c (show s) -- hmm
+        concat = if va then concat' else plusplus
+          where
+            concat' (List [List ts1]) (List [List ts2]) = List [List (ts1++ts2)]
+            concat' t1 t2 = Op t1 "+++" t2
+
+        pure' = single -- forcing the list monad
+
+        select = if va then select' else Ap
+        select' (List [t]) (List [p]) = Op t "!" p
+        select' (List [t]) p = Op t "!$" p
+        select' t p = Op t "!*" p
+
+        ap = if va then ap' else Ap
+          where
+            ap' (List [f]) x = fmap f x
+            ap' f x = Op f "<*>" x
+            fmap f (List [x]) = pure' (Ap f x)
+            fmap f x = Op f "<$>" x
+
+    --  join = if va then join' else id
+        join' (List [x]) = x
+        join' x = c "concat" `Ap` x
+
+        empty = if va then List [] else c "error" `Ap` c (show "empty variant")
+        variants = if va then \ ts -> join' (List (map ppT ts))
+                         else \ (t:_) -> ppT t
+
+        aps f [] = f
+        aps f (a:as) = aps (ap f a) as
+
+        dedup ts =
+            if M.null dups
+            then ([],map ppT ts)
+            else ([(ev i,ppT t)|(i,t)<-defs],zipWith entry ts is)
+          where
+            entry t i = maybe (ppT t) (Var . ev) (M.lookup i dups)
+            ev i = identS ("e'"++show i)
+
+            defs = [(i1,t)|(t,i1:_:_)<-ms]
+            dups = M.fromList [(i2,i1)|(_,i1:is@(_:_))<-ms,i2<-i1:is]
+            ms = M.toList m
+            m = fmap sort (M.fromListWith (++) (zip ts [[i]|i<-is]))
+            is = [0..]::[Int]
 
 
-con = Cn . identS
+--con = Cn . identS
 
-tableTypes gr ts = S.unions (map tabtys ts)
-  where
-    tabtys t =
-      case t of
-        V t cc -> S.union (paramTypes gr t) (tableTypes gr cc)
-        T (TTyped t) cs -> S.union (paramTypes gr t) (tableTypes gr (map snd cs))
-        _ -> collectOp tabtys t
+class Records t where
+  records :: t -> S.Set [LabelId]
 
-paramTypes gr t =
-  case t of
-    RecType fs -> S.unions (map (paramTypes gr.snd) fs)
-    Table t1 t2 -> S.union (paramTypes gr t1) (paramTypes gr t2)
-    App tf ta -> S.union (paramTypes gr tf) (paramTypes gr ta)
-    Sort _ -> S.empty
-    EInt _ -> S.empty
-    Q q -> lookup q
-    QC q -> lookup q
-    FV ts -> S.unions (map (paramTypes gr) ts)
-    _ -> ignore
-  where
-    lookup q = case lookupOrigInfo gr q of
-                 Ok (_,ResOper  _ (Just (L _ t))) ->
-                                       S.insert q (paramTypes gr t)
-                 Ok (_,ResParam {}) -> S.singleton q
-                 _ -> ignore
+instance Records t => Records [t] where
+  records = S.unions . map records
 
-    ignore = trace ("Ignore: "++show t) S.empty
-
-
-
-records ts = S.unions (map recs ts)
-  where
-    recs t =
-      case t of
-        R r -> S.insert (labels r) (records (map (snd.snd) r))
-        RecType r -> S.insert (labels r) (records (map snd r))
-        _ -> collectOp recs t
-
-    labels = sort . filter (not . isLockLabel) . map fst
+instance (Records t1,Records t2) => Records (t1,t2) where
+  records (t1,t2) = S.union (records t1) (records t2)
+
+instance Records LincatDef where
+  records (LincatDef _ lt) = records lt
+
+instance Records LinDef where
+  records (LinDef _ _ lv) = records lv
+
+instance Records LinType where
+  records t =
+    case t of
+      RecordType r -> rowRecords r
+      TableType pt lt -> records (pt,lt)
+      TupleType ts -> records ts
+      _ -> S.empty
+
+rowRecords r = S.insert (sort ls) (records ts)
+  where (ls,ts) = unzip [(l,t)|RecordRow l t<-r]
+
+instance Records LinValue where
+  records v =
+    case v of
+      ConcatValue v1 v2 -> records (v1,v2)
+      ParamConstant (Param c vs) -> records vs
+      RecordValue r -> rowRecords r
+      TableValue t r -> records (t,r)
+      TupleValue vs -> records vs
+      VariantValue vs -> records vs
+      PreValue alts d -> records (map snd alts,d)
+      Projection v l -> records v
+      Selection v1 v2 -> records (v1,v2)
+      _ -> S.empty
+
+instance Records rhs => Records (TableRow rhs) where
+  records (TableRow _ v) = records v
 
 
+-- | Record subtyping is converted into explicit coercions in Haskell
 coerce env ty t =
-  case (ty,t) of 
-    (_,Let d t) -> Let d (coerce (extend env d) ty t)
-    (_,FV ts) -> FV (map (coerce env ty) ts)
-    (Table ti tv,V _ ts) -> V ti (map (coerce env tv) ts)
-    (Table ti tv,T (TTyped _) cs) -> T (TTyped ti) (mapSnd (coerce env tv) cs)
-    (RecType rt,R r) ->
-      R [(l,(Just ft,coerce env ft f))|(l,(_,f))<-r,Just ft<-[lookup l rt]]
-    (RecType rt,Vr x)->
+  case (ty,t) of
+    (_,VariantValue ts) -> VariantValue (map (coerce env ty) ts)
+    (TableType ti tv,TableValue _ cs) ->
+      TableValue ti [TableRow p (coerce env tv t)|TableRow p t<-cs]
+    (RecordType rt,RecordValue r) ->
+      RecordValue [RecordRow l (coerce env ft f) |
+                     RecordRow l f<-r,ft<-[ft | RecordRow l' ft <- rt, l'==l]]
+    (RecordType rt,VarValue x)->
       case lookup x env of
         Just ty' | ty'/=ty -> -- better to compare to normal form of ty'
-          --trace ("coerce "++render ty'++" to "++render ty) $
-          App (to_rcon (map fst rt)) t
-        _ -> trace ("no coerce to "++render ty) t
+                            --trace ("coerce "++render ty'++" to "++render ty) $
+                            app (to_rcon rt) [t]
+                 | otherwise -> t -- types match, no coercion needed
+        _ -> trace (render ("missing type to coerce"<+>x<+>"to"<+>render ty
+                            $$ "in" <+> map fst env))
+                   t
     _ -> t
   where
-    extend env (x,(Just ty,rhs)) = (x,ty):env
-    extend env _ = env
+    app f ts = ParamConstant (Param f ts) -- !! a hack
+    to_rcon = ParamId . Unqual . rawIdentS . to_rcon' . labels
 
-convert va gId gr = convert' va gId [] gr
+patVars p = []
 
-convert' va gId vs gr = ppT
-  where
-    ppT0 = convert' False gId vs gr
-    ppTv vs' = convert' va gId vs' gr
+labels r = [l | RecordRow l _ <- r]
 
-    ppT t =
-      case t of
-         -- Only for 'let' inserted on the top-level by this converter:
-        Let (x,(_,xt)) t -> let1 x (ppT0 xt) (ppT t)
---      Abs b x t -> ...
-        V ty ts -> pure (c "table" `Ap` dedup ts)
-        T (TTyped ty) cs -> pure (LambdaCase (map ppCase cs))
-        S t p -> select (ppT t) (ppT p)
-        C t1 t2 -> concat (ppT t1) (ppT t2)
-        App f a -> ap (ppT f) (ppT a)
-        R r -> aps (ppT (rcon (map fst r))) (fields r)
-        P t l -> ap (ppT (proj l)) (ppT t)
-        FV [] -> empty
-        Vr x -> if x `elem` vs then pure (Var x) else Var x
-        Cn x -> pure (Var x)
-        Con c -> pure (Var (gId c))
-        Sort k -> pure (Var k)
-        EInt n -> pure (lit n)
-        Q (m,n) -> if m==cPredef then pure (ppPredef n) else Var (qual m n)
-        QC (m,n) -> pure (Var (gId (qual m n)))
-        K s -> pure (token s)
-        Empty -> pure (List [])
-        FV ts@(_:_) -> variants ts
-        Alts t' vs -> pure (alts t' vs)
-
-    ppCase (p,t) = (ppP p,ppTv (patVars p++vs) t)
-
-    ppPredef n =
-      case predef n of
-        Ok BIND       -> single (c "BIND")
-        Ok SOFT_BIND  -> single (c "SOFT_BIND")
-        Ok SOFT_SPACE -> single (c "SOFT_SPACE")
-        Ok CAPIT      -> single (c "CAPIT")
-        Ok ALL_CAPIT  -> single (c "ALL_CAPIT")
-        _ -> Var n
-
-    ppP p =
-      case p of
-        PC c ps -> ConP (gId c) (map ppP ps)
-        PP (_,c) ps -> ConP (gId c) (map ppP ps)
-        PR r -> ConP (rcon' (map fst r)) (map (ppP.snd) (filter (not.isLockLabel.fst) r))
-        PW -> WildP
-        PV x -> VarP x
-        PString s -> Lit (show s) -- !!
-        PInt i -> Lit (show i)
-        PFloat x -> Lit (show x)
-        PT _ p -> ppP p
-        PAs x p -> AsP x (ppP p)
-        
-    token s = single (c "TK" `Ap` lit s)
-
-    alts t' vs = single (c "TP" `Ap` List (map alt vs) `Ap` ppT0 t')
-      where
-        alt (t,p) = Pair (List (pre p)) (ppT0 t)
-
-        pre (K s) = [lit s]
-        pre (Strs ts) = concatMap pre ts
-        pre (EPatt p) = pat p
-        pre t = error $ "pre "++show t
-
-        pat (PString s) = [lit s]
-        pat (PAlt p1 p2) = pat p1++pat p2
-        pat p = error $ "pat "++show p
-
-    fields = map (ppT.snd.snd) . sort . filter (not.isLockLabel.fst)
-
-    c = Const
-    lit s = c (show s) -- hmm
-    concat = if va then concat' else plusplus
-      where
-        concat' (List [List ts1]) (List [List ts2]) = List [List (ts1++ts2)]
-        concat' t1 t2 = Op t1 "+++" t2
-    pure = if va then single else id
-    pure' = single -- forcing the list monad
-
-    select = if va then select' else Ap
-    select' (List [t]) (List [p]) = Op t "!" p
-    select' (List [t]) p = Op t "!$" p
-    select' t p = Op t "!*" p
-
-    ap = if va then ap' else Ap
-      where
-        ap' (List [f]) x = fmap f x
-        ap' f x = Op f "<*>" x
-        fmap f (List [x]) = pure' (Ap f x)
-        fmap f x = Op f "<$>" x
-
---  join = if va then join' else id
-    join' (List [x]) = x
-    join' x = c "concat" `Ap` x
-
-    empty = if va then List [] else c "error" `Ap` c (show "empty variant")
-    variants = if va then \ ts -> join' (List (map ppT ts))
-                     else \ (t:_) -> ppT t
-
-    aps f [] = f
-    aps f (a:as) = aps (ap f a) as
-
-    dedup ts =
-        if M.null dups
-        then List (map ppT ts)
-        else Lets [(ev i,ppT t)|(i,t)<-defs] (List (zipWith entry ts is))
-      where
-        entry t i = maybe (ppT t) (Var . ev) (M.lookup i dups)
-        ev i = identS ("e'"++show i)
-
-        defs = [(i1,t)|(t,i1:_:_)<-ms]
-        dups = M.fromList [(i2,i1)|(_,i1:is@(_:_))<-ms,i2<-i1:is]
-        ms = M.toList m
-        m = fmap sort (M.fromListWith (++) (zip ts [[i]|i<-is]))
-        is = [0..]::[Int]
-
-patVars p =
-  case p of
-    PV x -> [x]
-    PAs x p -> x:patVars p
-    _ -> collectPattOp patVars p
-
-convType va gId = ppT
-  where
-    ppT t =
-      case t of
-        Table ti tv -> Fun (ppT ti) (if va then ListT (ppT tv) else ppT tv)
-        RecType rt -> tcon (rcon' (map fst rt)) (fields rt)
-        App tf ta -> TAp (ppT tf) (ppT ta)
-        FV [] -> tcon0 (identS "({-empty variant-})")
-        Sort k -> tcon0 k
-        EInt n -> tcon0 (identS ("({-"++show n++"-})")) -- type level numeric literal
-        FV (t:ts) -> ppT t -- !!
-        QC (m,n) -> tcon0 (gId (qual m n))
-        Q (m,n) -> tcon0 (gId (qual m n))
-        _ -> error $ "Missing case in convType for: "++show t
-
-    fields = map (ppT.snd) . sort . filter (not.isLockLabel.fst)
-
-proj = con . proj'
-proj' l = "proj_"++render l
-rcon = con . rcon_name
+proj = Var . identS . proj'
+proj' (LabelId l) = "proj_" ++ showRawIdent l
+rcon = Var . rcon'
 rcon' = identS . rcon_name
-rcon_name ls = "R"++concat (sort ['_':render l|l<-ls,not (isLockLabel l)])
-to_rcon = con . to_rcon'
+rcon_name ls = "R"++concat (sort ['_':showRawIdent l | LabelId l <- ls])
 to_rcon' = ("to_"++) . rcon_name
 
 recordType ls =
@@ -400,31 +385,6 @@ labelClass l =
     r = identS "r"
     a = identS "a"
 
-paramType va gId gr q@(_,n) =
-    case lookupOrigInfo gr q of
-      Ok (m,ResParam (Just (L _ ps)) _)
-       {- - | m/=cPredef && m/=moduleNameS "Prelude"-} ->
-         ((S.singleton (m,n),argTypes ps),
-          [Data (conap0 name) (map (param m) ps)["Eq","Ord","Show"],
-           Instance [] (TId (identS "EnumAll") `TAp` TId name)
-              [(lhs0 "enumAll",foldr1 plusplus (map (enumParam m) ps))]]
-         )
-       where name = gId (qual m n)
-      Ok (m,ResOper  _ (Just (L _ t)))
-        | m==cPredef && n==cInts ->
-           ((S.singleton (m,n),S.empty),
-            [Type (ConAp (gId (qual m n)) [identS "n"]) (TId (identS "Int"))])
-        | otherwise ->
-           ((S.singleton (m,n),paramTypes gr t),
-            [Type (conap0 (gId (qual m n))) (convType va gId t)])
-      _ -> ((S.empty,S.empty),[])
-  where
-    param m (n,ctx) = ConAp (gId (qual m n)) [convType va gId t|(_,_,t)<-ctx]
-    argTypes = S.unions . map argTypes1
-    argTypes1 (n,ctx) = S.unions [paramTypes gr t|(_,_,t)<-ctx]
-
-    enumParam m (n,ctx) = enumCon (gId (qual m n)) (length ctx)
-
 enumCon name arity =
     if arity==0
     then single (Var name)
@@ -433,5 +393,23 @@ enumCon name arity =
     ap (List [f]) a = Op f "<$>" a
     ap f a = Op f "<*>" a
 
-qual :: ModuleName -> Ident -> Ident
-qual m = prefixIdent (render m++"_")
+lincatName,linfunName :: CatId -> Ident
+lincatName c = prefixIdent "Lin" (toIdent c)
+linfunName c = prefixIdent "lin" (toIdent c)
+
+class ToIdent i where toIdent :: i -> Ident
+
+instance ToIdent ParamId where toIdent (ParamId q) = qIdentC q
+instance ToIdent PredefId where toIdent (PredefId s) = identC s
+instance ToIdent CatId   where toIdent (CatId s) = identC s
+instance ToIdent C.FunId where toIdent (FunId s) = identC s
+instance ToIdent VarValueId where toIdent (VarValueId q) = qIdentC q
+
+qIdentC = identS . unqual
+
+unqual (Qual (ModId m) n) = showRawIdent m++"_"++ showRawIdent n
+unqual (Unqual n) = showRawIdent n
+
+instance ToIdent VarId where
+  toIdent Anonymous = identW
+  toIdent (VarId s) = identC s

src/compiler/GF/Compile/Export.hs

@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@ module GF.Compile.Export where
 import PGF
 import PGF.Internal(ppPGF)
 import GF.Compile.PGFtoHaskell
+--import GF.Compile.PGFtoAbstract
 import GF.Compile.PGFtoJava
 import GF.Compile.PGFtoProlog
 import GF.Compile.PGFtoJS
+import GF.Compile.PGFtoJSON
 import GF.Compile.PGFtoPython
 import GF.Infra.Option
 --import GF.Speech.CFG
@@ -34,7 +36,10 @@ exportPGF :: Options
 exportPGF opts fmt pgf = 
     case fmt of
       FmtPGFPretty    -> multi "txt" (render . ppPGF)
+      FmtCanonicalGF  -> [] -- canon "gf" (render80 . abstract2canonical)
+      FmtCanonicalJson-> []
       FmtJavaScript   -> multi "js"  pgf2js
+      FmtJSON         -> multi "json"  pgf2json
       FmtPython       -> multi "py"  pgf2python
       FmtHaskell      -> multi "hs"  (grammar2haskell opts name)
       FmtJava         -> multi "java" (grammar2java opts name)
@@ -57,9 +62,12 @@ exportPGF opts fmt pgf =
    multi :: String -> (PGF -> String) -> [(FilePath,String)]
    multi ext pr = [(name <.> ext, pr pgf)]
 
+-- canon ext pr = [("canonical"</>name<.>ext,pr pgf)]
+
    single :: String -> (PGF -> CId -> String) -> [(FilePath,String)]
    single ext pr = [(showCId cnc <.> ext, pr pgf cnc) | cnc <- languages pgf]
 
+
 -- | Get the name of the concrete syntax to generate output from.
 -- FIXME: there should be an option to change this.
 outputConcr :: PGF -> CId

src/compiler/GF/Compile/GeneratePMCFG.hs

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import GF.Data.BacktrackM
 import GF.Data.Operations
 import GF.Infra.UseIO (ePutStr,ePutStrLn) -- IOE,
 import GF.Data.Utilities (updateNthM) --updateNth
-import GF.Compile.Compute.ConcreteNew(normalForm,resourceValues)
+import GF.Compile.Compute.Concrete(normalForm,resourceValues)
 import qualified Data.Map as Map
 import qualified Data.Set as Set
 import qualified Data.List as List
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ import Control.Monad
 import Control.Monad.Identity
 --import Control.Exception
 --import Debug.Trace(trace)
+import qualified Control.Monad.Fail as Fail
 
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- main conversion function
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ addPMCFG opts gr cenv opath am cm seqs id (GF.Grammar.CncFun mty@(Just (cat,cont
                           (goB b1 CNil [])
                           (pres,pargs)
       pmcfg      = getPMCFG pmcfgEnv1
-      
+
       stats      = let PMCFG prods funs = pmcfg
                        (s,e)            = bounds funs
                        !prods_cnt       = length prods
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ addPMCFG opts gr cenv opath am cm seqs id (GF.Grammar.CncFun mty@(Just (cat,cont
           newArgs  = map getFIds newArgs'
       in addFunction env0 newCat fun newArgs
 
-addPMCFG opts gr cenv opath am cm seqs id (GF.Grammar.CncCat mty@(Just (L _ lincat)) 
+addPMCFG opts gr cenv opath am cm seqs id (GF.Grammar.CncCat mty@(Just (L _ lincat))
                                                              mdef@(Just (L loc1 def))
                                                              mref@(Just (L loc2 ref))
                                                              mprn
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ pgfCncCat :: SourceGrammar -> Type -> Int -> CncCat
 pgfCncCat gr lincat index =
   let ((_,size),schema) = computeCatRange gr lincat
   in PGF.CncCat index (index+size-1)
-                      (mkArray (map (renderStyle style{mode=OneLineMode} . ppPath) 
+                      (mkArray (map (renderStyle style{mode=OneLineMode} . ppPath)
                                     (getStrPaths schema)))
   where
     getStrPaths :: Schema Identity s c -> [Path]
@@ -196,6 +197,9 @@ newtype CnvMonad a = CM {unCM :: SourceGrammar
                               -> ([ProtoFCat],[Symbol])
                               -> Branch b}
 
+instance Fail.MonadFail CnvMonad where
+  fail = bug
+
 instance Applicative CnvMonad where
   pure = return
   (<*>) = ap
@@ -239,7 +243,7 @@ choices nr path = do (args,_) <- get
                                                                                                                     | (value,index) <- values])
     descend schema       path              rpath = bug $ "descend "++show (schema,path,rpath)
 
-    updateEnv path value gr c (args,seq) = 
+    updateEnv path value gr c (args,seq) =
       case updateNthM (restrictProtoFCat path value) nr args of
         Just args -> c value (args,seq)
         Nothing   -> bug "conflict in updateEnv"
@@ -602,7 +606,7 @@ restrictProtoFCat path v (PFCat cat f schema) = do
                                                        Just index -> return (CPar (m,[(v,index)]))
                                                        Nothing    -> mzero
     addConstraint CNil             v (CStr _)      = bug "restrictProtoFCat: string path"
-    
+
     update k0 f [] = return []
     update k0 f (x@(k,Identity v):xs)
       | k0 == k    = do v <- f v
@@ -614,6 +618,23 @@ mkArray    lst = listArray (0,length lst-1) lst
 mkSetArray map = array (0,Map.size map-1) [(v,k) | (k,v) <- Map.toList map]
 
 bug msg = ppbug msg
-ppbug msg = error . render $ hang "Internal error in GeneratePMCFG:" 4 msg
+ppbug msg = error completeMsg
+ where
+  originalMsg = render $ hang "Internal error in GeneratePMCFG:" 4 msg
+  completeMsg =
+    case render msg of -- the error message for pattern matching a runtime string
+      "descend (CStr 0,CNil,CProj (LIdent (Id {rawId2utf8 = \"s\"})) CNil)"
+        -> unlines [originalMsg -- add more helpful output
+            ,""
+            ,"1) Check that you are not trying to pattern match a /runtime string/."
+            ,"   These are illegal:"
+            ,"     lin Test foo = case foo.s of {"
+            ,"                       \"str\" => … } ;   <- explicit matching argument of a lin"
+            ,"     lin Test foo = opThatMatches foo   <- calling an oper that pattern matches"
+            ,""
+            ,"2) Not about pattern matching? Submit a bug report and we update the error message."
+            ,"     https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/issues"
+            ]
+      _ -> originalMsg -- any other message: just print it as is
 
 ppU = ppTerm Unqualified

src/compiler/GF/Compile/GrammarToCanonical.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+-- | Translate grammars to Canonical form
+-- (a common intermediate representation to simplify export to other formats)
+module GF.Compile.GrammarToCanonical(
+       grammar2canonical,abstract2canonical,concretes2canonical,
+       projection,selection
+       ) where
+import Data.List(nub,partition)
+import qualified Data.Map as M
+import Data.Maybe(fromMaybe)
+import qualified Data.Set as S
+import GF.Data.ErrM
+import GF.Text.Pretty
+import GF.Grammar.Grammar as G
+import GF.Grammar.Lookup(lookupOrigInfo,allOrigInfos,allParamValues)
+import GF.Grammar.Macros(typeForm,collectOp,collectPattOp,composSafeOp,mkAbs,mkApp,term2patt,sortRec)
+import GF.Grammar.Lockfield(isLockLabel)
+import GF.Grammar.Predef(cPredef,cInts)
+import GF.Compile.Compute.Predef(predef)
+import GF.Compile.Compute.Value(Predefined(..))
+import GF.Infra.Ident(ModuleName(..),Ident,ident2raw,rawIdentS,showIdent,isWildIdent)
+import GF.Infra.Option(Options,optionsPGF)
+import PGF.Internal(Literal(..))
+import GF.Compile.Compute.Concrete(GlobalEnv,normalForm,resourceValues)
+import GF.Grammar.Canonical as C
+import System.FilePath ((</>), (<.>))
+import qualified Debug.Trace as T
+
+
+-- | Generate Canonical code for the named abstract syntax and all associated
+-- concrete syntaxes
+grammar2canonical :: Options -> ModuleName -> G.Grammar -> C.Grammar
+grammar2canonical opts absname gr =
+   Grammar (abstract2canonical absname gr)
+           (map snd (concretes2canonical opts absname gr))
+
+-- | Generate Canonical code for the named abstract syntax
+abstract2canonical :: ModuleName -> G.Grammar -> Abstract
+abstract2canonical absname gr =
+    Abstract (modId absname) (convFlags gr absname) cats funs
+  where
+    cats = [CatDef (gId c) (convCtx ctx) | ((_,c),AbsCat ctx) <- adefs]
+
+    funs = [FunDef (gId f) (convType ty) |
+            ((_,f),AbsFun (Just (L _ ty)) ma mdef _) <- adefs]
+
+    adefs = allOrigInfos gr absname
+
+    convCtx = maybe [] (map convHypo . unLoc)
+    convHypo (bt,name,t) =
+      case typeForm t of
+        ([],(_,cat),[]) -> gId cat -- !!
+        tf -> error $ "abstract2canonical convHypo: " ++ show tf
+
+    convType t =
+      case typeForm t of
+        (hyps,(_,cat),args) -> Type bs (TypeApp (gId cat) as)
+          where
+            bs = map convHypo' hyps
+            as = map convType args
+
+    convHypo' (bt,name,t) = TypeBinding (gId name) (convType t)
+
+-- | Generate Canonical code for the all concrete syntaxes associated with
+-- the named abstract syntax in given the grammar.
+concretes2canonical :: Options -> ModuleName -> G.Grammar -> [(FilePath, Concrete)]
+concretes2canonical opts absname gr =
+  [(cncname,concrete2canonical gr cenv absname cnc cncmod)
+     | let cenv = resourceValues opts gr,
+       cnc<-allConcretes gr absname,
+       let cncname = "canonical" </> render cnc <.> "gf"
+           Ok cncmod = lookupModule gr cnc
+  ]
+
+-- | Generate Canonical GF for the given concrete module.
+concrete2canonical :: G.Grammar -> GlobalEnv -> ModuleName -> ModuleName -> ModuleInfo -> Concrete
+concrete2canonical gr cenv absname cnc modinfo =
+  Concrete (modId cnc) (modId absname) (convFlags gr cnc)
+      (neededParamTypes S.empty (params defs))
+      [lincat | (_,Left lincat) <- defs]
+      [lin | (_,Right lin) <- defs]
+  where
+    defs = concatMap (toCanonical gr absname cenv) .
+           M.toList $
+           jments modinfo
+
+    params = S.toList . S.unions . map fst
+
+    neededParamTypes have [] = []
+    neededParamTypes have (q:qs) =
+        if q `S.member` have
+        then neededParamTypes have qs
+        else let ((got,need),def) = paramType gr q
+             in def++neededParamTypes (S.union got have) (S.toList need++qs)
+
+toCanonical :: G.Grammar -> ModuleName -> GlobalEnv -> (Ident, Info) -> [(S.Set QIdent, Either LincatDef LinDef)]
+toCanonical gr absname cenv (name,jment) =
+  case jment of
+    CncCat (Just (L loc typ)) _ _ pprn _ ->
+        [(pts,Left (LincatDef (gId name) (convType ntyp)))]
+      where
+        pts = paramTypes gr ntyp
+        ntyp = nf loc typ
+    CncFun (Just r@(cat,ctx,lincat)) (Just (L loc def)) pprn _ ->
+        [(tts,Right (LinDef (gId name) (map gId args) (convert gr e')))]
+      where
+        tts = tableTypes gr [e']
+
+        e' = cleanupRecordFields lincat $
+             unAbs (length params) $
+             nf loc (mkAbs params (mkApp def (map Vr args)))
+        params = [(b,x)|(b,x,_)<-ctx]
+        args = map snd params
+
+    AnyInd _ m  -> case lookupOrigInfo gr (m,name) of
+                     Ok (m,jment) -> toCanonical gr absname cenv (name,jment)
+                     _ -> []
+    _ -> []
+  where
+    nf loc = normalForm cenv (L loc name)
+
+    unAbs 0 t = t
+    unAbs n (Abs _ _ t) = unAbs (n-1) t
+    unAbs _ t = t
+
+tableTypes :: G.Grammar -> [Term] -> S.Set QIdent
+tableTypes gr ts = S.unions (map tabtys ts)
+  where
+    tabtys t =
+      case t of
+        V t cc -> S.union (paramTypes gr t) (tableTypes gr cc)
+        T (TTyped t) cs -> S.union (paramTypes gr t) (tableTypes gr (map snd cs))
+        _ -> collectOp tabtys t
+
+paramTypes :: G.Grammar -> G.Type -> S.Set QIdent
+paramTypes gr t =
+  case t of
+    RecType fs -> S.unions (map (paramTypes gr.snd) fs)
+    Table t1 t2 -> S.union (paramTypes gr t1) (paramTypes gr t2)
+    App tf ta -> S.union (paramTypes gr tf) (paramTypes gr ta)
+    Sort _ -> S.empty
+    EInt _ -> S.empty
+    Q q -> lookup q
+    QC q -> lookup q
+    FV ts -> S.unions (map (paramTypes gr) ts)
+    _ -> ignore
+  where
+    lookup q = case lookupOrigInfo gr q of
+                 Ok (_,ResOper  _ (Just (L _ t))) ->
+                                       S.insert q (paramTypes gr t)
+                 Ok (_,ResParam {}) -> S.singleton q
+                 _ -> ignore
+
+    ignore = T.trace ("Ignore: " ++ show t) S.empty
+
+-- | Filter out record fields from definitions which don't appear in lincat.
+cleanupRecordFields :: G.Type -> Term -> Term
+cleanupRecordFields (RecType ls) (R as) =
+  let defnFields = M.fromList ls
+  in R
+      [ (lbl, (mty, t'))
+      | (lbl, (mty, t)) <- as
+      , M.member lbl defnFields
+      , let Just ty = M.lookup lbl defnFields
+      , let t' = cleanupRecordFields ty t
+      ]
+cleanupRecordFields ty t@(FV _) = composSafeOp (cleanupRecordFields ty) t
+cleanupRecordFields _ t = t
+
+convert :: G.Grammar -> Term -> LinValue
+convert gr = convert' gr []
+
+convert' :: G.Grammar -> [Ident] -> Term -> LinValue
+convert' gr vs = ppT
+  where
+    ppT0 = convert' gr vs
+    ppTv vs' = convert' gr vs'
+
+    ppT t =
+      case t of
+--      Abs b x t -> ...
+--      V ty ts -> VTableValue (convType ty) (map ppT ts)
+        V ty ts -> TableValue (convType ty) [TableRow (ppP p) (ppT t)|(p,t)<-zip ps ts]
+          where
+            Ok pts = allParamValues gr ty
+            Ok ps = mapM term2patt pts
+        T (TTyped ty) cs -> TableValue (convType ty) (map ppCase cs)
+        S t p -> selection (ppT t) (ppT p)
+        C t1 t2 -> concatValue (ppT t1) (ppT t2)
+        App f a -> ap (ppT f) (ppT a)
+        R r -> RecordValue (fields (sortRec r))
+        P t l -> projection (ppT t) (lblId l)
+        Vr x -> VarValue (gId x)
+        Cn x -> VarValue (gId x) -- hmm
+        Con c -> ParamConstant (Param (gId c) [])
+        Sort k -> VarValue (gId k)
+        EInt n -> LiteralValue (IntConstant n)
+        Q (m,n) -> if m==cPredef then ppPredef n else VarValue (gQId m n)
+        QC (m,n) -> ParamConstant (Param (gQId m n) [])
+        K s -> LiteralValue (StrConstant s)
+        Empty -> LiteralValue (StrConstant "")
+        FV ts -> VariantValue (map ppT ts)
+        Alts t' vs -> alts vs (ppT t')
+        _ -> error $ "convert' ppT: " ++ show t
+
+    ppCase (p,t) = TableRow (ppP p) (ppTv (patVars p++vs) t)
+
+    ppPredef n =
+      case predef n of
+        Ok BIND       -> p "BIND"
+        Ok SOFT_BIND  -> p "SOFT_BIND"
+        Ok SOFT_SPACE -> p "SOFT_SPACE"
+        Ok CAPIT      -> p "CAPIT"
+        Ok ALL_CAPIT  -> p "ALL_CAPIT"
+        _ -> VarValue (gQId cPredef n) -- hmm
+      where
+       p = PredefValue . PredefId . rawIdentS
+
+    ppP p =
+      case p of
+        PC c ps -> ParamPattern (Param (gId c) (map ppP ps))
+        PP (m,c) ps -> ParamPattern (Param (gQId m c) (map ppP ps))
+        PR r -> RecordPattern (fields r) {-
+        PW -> WildPattern
+        PV x -> VarP x
+        PString s -> Lit (show s) -- !!
+        PInt i -> Lit (show i)
+        PFloat x -> Lit (show x)
+        PT _ p -> ppP p
+        PAs x p -> AsP x (ppP p) -}
+        _ -> error $ "convert' ppP: " ++ show p
+      where
+        fields = map field . filter (not.isLockLabel.fst)
+        field (l,p) = RecordRow (lblId l) (ppP p)
+
+--  patToParam p = case ppP p of ParamPattern pv -> pv
+
+--  token s = single (c "TK" `Ap` lit s)
+
+    alts vs = PreValue (map alt vs)
+      where
+        alt (t,p) = (pre p,ppT0 t)
+
+        pre (K s) = [s]
+        pre Empty = [""]  -- Empty == K ""
+        pre (Strs ts) = concatMap pre ts
+        pre (EPatt p) = pat p
+        pre t = error $ "convert' alts pre: " ++ show t
+
+        pat (PString s) = [s]
+        pat (PAlt p1 p2) = pat p1++pat p2
+        pat (PSeq p1 p2) = [s1++s2 | s1<-pat p1, s2<-pat p2]
+        pat p = error $ "convert' alts pat: "++show p
+
+    fields = map field . filter (not.isLockLabel.fst)
+    field (l,(_,t)) = RecordRow (lblId l) (ppT t)
+  --c = Const
+  --c = VarValue . VarValueId
+  --lit s = c (show s) -- hmm
+
+    ap f a = case f of
+               ParamConstant (Param p ps) ->
+                 ParamConstant (Param p (ps++[a]))
+               _ -> error $ "convert' ap: "++render (ppA f <+> ppA a)
+
+concatValue :: LinValue -> LinValue -> LinValue
+concatValue v1 v2 =
+  case (v1,v2) of
+    (LiteralValue (StrConstant ""),_) -> v2
+    (_,LiteralValue (StrConstant "")) -> v1
+    _ -> ConcatValue v1 v2
+
+-- | Smart constructor for projections
+projection :: LinValue -> LabelId -> LinValue
+projection r l = fromMaybe (Projection r l) (proj r l)
+
+proj :: LinValue -> LabelId -> Maybe LinValue
+proj r l =
+  case r of
+    RecordValue r -> case [v | RecordRow l' v <- r, l'==l] of
+                          [v] -> Just v
+                          _ -> Nothing
+    _ -> Nothing
+
+-- | Smart constructor for selections
+selection :: LinValue -> LinValue -> LinValue
+selection t v =
+  -- Note: impossible cases can become possible after grammar transformation
+  case t of
+    TableValue tt r ->
+        case nub [rv | TableRow _ rv <- keep] of
+          [rv] -> rv
+          _ -> Selection (TableValue tt r') v
+      where
+        -- Don't introduce wildcard patterns, true to the canonical format,
+        -- annotate (or eliminate) rhs in impossible rows
+        r' = map trunc r
+        trunc r@(TableRow p e) = if mightMatchRow v r
+                                 then r
+                                 else TableRow p (impossible e)
+        {-
+        -- Creates smaller tables, but introduces wildcard patterns
+        r' = if null discard
+             then r
+             else keep++[TableRow WildPattern impossible]
+        -}
+        (keep,discard) = partition (mightMatchRow v) r
+    _ -> Selection t v
+
+impossible :: LinValue -> LinValue
+impossible = CommentedValue "impossible"
+
+mightMatchRow :: LinValue -> TableRow rhs -> Bool
+mightMatchRow v (TableRow p _) =
+  case p of
+    WildPattern -> True
+    _ -> mightMatch v p
+
+mightMatch :: LinValue -> LinPattern -> Bool
+mightMatch v p =
+  case v of
+    ConcatValue _ _ -> False
+    ParamConstant (Param c1 pvs) ->
+      case p of
+        ParamPattern (Param c2 pps) -> c1==c2 && length pvs==length pps &&
+                                       and [mightMatch v p|(v,p)<-zip pvs pps]
+        _ -> False
+    RecordValue rv ->
+      case p of
+        RecordPattern rp ->
+          and [maybe False (`mightMatch` p) (proj v l) | RecordRow l p<-rp]
+        _ -> False
+    _ -> True
+
+patVars :: Patt -> [Ident]
+patVars p =
+  case p of
+    PV x -> [x]
+    PAs x p -> x:patVars p
+    _ -> collectPattOp patVars p
+
+convType :: Term -> LinType
+convType = ppT
+  where
+    ppT t =
+      case t of
+        Table ti tv -> TableType (ppT ti) (ppT tv)
+        RecType rt -> RecordType (convFields rt)
+--      App tf ta -> TAp (ppT tf) (ppT ta)
+--      FV [] -> tcon0 (identS "({-empty variant-})")
+        Sort k -> convSort k
+--      EInt n -> tcon0 (identS ("({-"++show n++"-})")) -- type level numeric literal
+        FV (t:ts) -> ppT t -- !!
+        QC (m,n) -> ParamType (ParamTypeId (gQId m n))
+        Q (m,n) -> ParamType (ParamTypeId (gQId m n))
+        _ -> error $ "convType ppT: " ++ show t
+
+    convFields = map convField . filter (not.isLockLabel.fst)
+    convField (l,r) = RecordRow (lblId l) (ppT r)
+
+    convSort k = case showIdent k of
+                   "Float" -> FloatType
+                   "Int" -> IntType
+                   "Str" -> StrType
+                   _ -> error $ "convType convSort: " ++ show k
+
+toParamType :: Term -> ParamType
+toParamType t = case convType t of
+                  ParamType pt -> pt
+                  _ -> error $ "toParamType: " ++ show t
+
+toParamId :: Term -> ParamId
+toParamId t = case toParamType t of
+                   ParamTypeId p -> p
+
+paramType :: G.Grammar
+             -> (ModuleName, Ident)
+             -> ((S.Set (ModuleName, Ident), S.Set QIdent), [ParamDef])
+paramType gr q@(_,n) =
+    case lookupOrigInfo gr q of
+      Ok (m,ResParam (Just (L _ ps)) _)
+       {- - | m/=cPredef && m/=moduleNameS "Prelude"-} ->
+         ((S.singleton (m,n),argTypes ps),
+          [ParamDef name (map (param m) ps)]
+         )
+       where name = gQId m n
+      Ok (m,ResOper  _ (Just (L _ t)))
+        | m==cPredef && n==cInts ->
+           ((S.empty,S.empty),[]) {-
+           ((S.singleton (m,n),S.empty),
+            [Type (ConAp ((gQId m n)) [identS "n"]) (TId (identS "Int"))])-}
+        | otherwise ->
+           ((S.singleton (m,n),paramTypes gr t),
+            [ParamAliasDef (gQId m n) (convType t)])
+      _ -> ((S.empty,S.empty),[])
+  where
+    param m (n,ctx) = Param (gQId m n) [toParamId t|(_,_,t)<-ctx]
+    argTypes = S.unions . map argTypes1
+    argTypes1 (n,ctx) = S.unions [paramTypes gr t|(_,_,t)<-ctx]
+
+lblId :: Label -> C.LabelId
+lblId (LIdent ri) = LabelId ri
+lblId (LVar i) = LabelId (rawIdentS (show i)) -- hmm
+
+modId :: ModuleName -> C.ModId
+modId (MN m) = ModId (ident2raw m)
+
+class FromIdent i where
+  gId :: Ident -> i
+
+instance FromIdent VarId where
+  gId i = if isWildIdent i then Anonymous else VarId (ident2raw i)
+
+instance FromIdent C.FunId where gId = C.FunId . ident2raw
+instance FromIdent CatId where gId = CatId . ident2raw
+instance FromIdent ParamId where gId = ParamId . unqual
+instance FromIdent VarValueId where gId = VarValueId . unqual
+
+class FromIdent i => QualIdent i where
+  gQId :: ModuleName -> Ident -> i
+
+instance QualIdent ParamId where gQId m n = ParamId (qual m n)
+instance QualIdent VarValueId where gQId m n = VarValueId (qual m n)
+
+qual :: ModuleName -> Ident -> QualId
+qual m n = Qual (modId m) (ident2raw n)
+
+unqual :: Ident -> QualId
+unqual n = Unqual (ident2raw n)
+
+convFlags :: G.Grammar -> ModuleName -> Flags
+convFlags gr mn =
+  Flags [(rawIdentS n,convLit v) |
+         (n,v)<-err (const []) (optionsPGF.mflags) (lookupModule gr mn)]
+  where
+    convLit l =
+      case l of
+        LStr s -> Str s
+        LInt i -> C.Int i
+        LFlt d -> Flt d

src/compiler/GF/Compile/GrammarToPGF.hs

@@ -8,16 +8,13 @@ import GF.Compile.GenerateBC
 import PGF(CId,mkCId,utf8CId)
 import PGF.Internal(fidInt,fidFloat,fidString,fidVar)
 import PGF.Internal(updateProductionIndices)
---import qualified PGF.Macros as CM
 import qualified PGF.Internal as C
 import qualified PGF.Internal as D
 import GF.Grammar.Predef
---import GF.Grammar.Printer
 import GF.Grammar.Grammar
 import qualified GF.Grammar.Lookup as Look
 import qualified GF.Grammar as A
 import qualified GF.Grammar.Macros as GM
---import GF.Compile.GeneratePMCFG
 
 import GF.Infra.Ident
 import GF.Infra.Option
@@ -30,6 +27,7 @@ import qualified Data.Map as Map
 import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap
 import Data.Array.IArray
 
+
 mkCanon2pgf :: Options -> SourceGrammar -> ModuleName -> IOE D.PGF
 mkCanon2pgf opts gr am = do
   (an,abs) <- mkAbstr am
@@ -59,7 +57,9 @@ mkCanon2pgf opts gr am = do
               [(0,i2i f) | ((m,f),AbsFun (Just (L _ ty)) _ _ (Just True)) <- adefs, snd (GM.valCat ty) == cat]
 
     mkConcr cm = do
-      let cflags  = err (const noOptions) mflags (lookupModule gr cm)
+      let cflags = err (const noOptions) mflags (lookupModule gr cm)
+          ciCmp | flag optCaseSensitive cflags = compare
+                | otherwise                    = C.compareCaseInsensitve
 
       (ex_seqs,cdefs) <- addMissingPMCFGs
                             Map.empty 
@@ -68,15 +68,15 @@ mkCanon2pgf opts gr am = do
 
       let flags = Map.fromList [(mkCId f,x) | (f,x) <- optionsPGF cflags]
 
-          seqs = (mkSetArray . Set.fromList . concat) $
+          seqs = (mkArray . C.sortNubBy ciCmp . concat) $
                      (Map.keys ex_seqs : [maybe [] elems (mseqs mi) | (m,mi) <- allExtends gr cm])
 
           ex_seqs_arr = mkMapArray ex_seqs :: Array SeqId Sequence
 
           !(!fid_cnt1,!cnccats) = genCncCats gr am cm cdefs
           !(!fid_cnt2,!productions,!lindefs,!linrefs,!cncfuns)
-                                = genCncFuns gr am cm ex_seqs_arr seqs cdefs fid_cnt1 cnccats
-        
+                                = genCncFuns gr am cm ex_seqs_arr ciCmp seqs cdefs fid_cnt1 cnccats
+
           printnames = genPrintNames cdefs
       return (mi2i cm, D.Concr flags
                               printnames
@@ -186,6 +186,7 @@ genCncFuns :: Grammar
            -> ModuleName
            -> ModuleName
            -> Array SeqId Sequence
+           -> (Sequence -> Sequence -> Ordering)
            -> Array SeqId Sequence
            -> [(QIdent, Info)]
            -> FId
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ genCncFuns :: Grammar
                IntMap.IntMap [FunId],
                IntMap.IntMap [FunId],
                Array FunId D.CncFun)
-genCncFuns gr am cm ex_seqs seqs cdefs fid_cnt cnccats =
+genCncFuns gr am cm ex_seqs ciCmp seqs cdefs fid_cnt cnccats =
   let (fid_cnt1,funs_cnt1,funs1,lindefs,linrefs) = mkCncCats cdefs fid_cnt  0 [] IntMap.empty IntMap.empty
       (fid_cnt2,funs_cnt2,funs2,prods)           = mkCncFuns cdefs fid_cnt1 funs_cnt1 funs1 lindefs Map.empty IntMap.empty
   in (fid_cnt2,prods,lindefs,linrefs,array (0,funs_cnt2-1) funs2)
@@ -282,9 +283,9 @@ genCncFuns gr am cm ex_seqs seqs cdefs fid_cnt cnccats =
       in (offs+funid0,C.CncFun (i2i id) (amap (newIndex mseqs) lins0)):funs                                          
       where
         newIndex mseqs i = binSearch (mseqs ! i) seqs (bounds seqs)
-           
+
         binSearch v arr (i,j)
-          | i <= j    = case compare v (arr ! k) of
+          | i <= j    = case ciCmp v (arr ! k) of
                           LT -> binSearch v arr (i,k-1)
                           EQ -> k
                           GT -> binSearch v arr (k+1,j)
@@ -303,6 +304,5 @@ genPrintNames cdefs =
     flatten (Alts x _) = flatten x
     flatten (C x y)    = flatten x +++ flatten y
 
---mkArray    lst = listArray (0,length lst-1) lst
+mkArray    lst = listArray (0,length lst-1) lst
 mkMapArray map = array (0,Map.size map-1) [(v,k) | (k,v) <- Map.toList map]
-mkSetArray set = listArray (0,Set.size set-1) [v | v <- Set.toList set]

src/compiler/GF/Compile/Optimize.hs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 -- Stability   : (stable)
 -- Portability : (portable)
 --
--- > CVS $Date: 2005/09/16 13:56:13 $ 
+-- > CVS $Date: 2005/09/16 13:56:13 $
 -- > CVS $Author: aarne $
 -- > CVS $Revision: 1.18 $
 --
@@ -21,23 +21,16 @@ import GF.Grammar.Printer
 import GF.Grammar.Macros
 import GF.Grammar.Lookup
 import GF.Grammar.Predef
---import GF.Compile.Refresh
---import GF.Compile.Compute.Concrete
-import GF.Compile.Compute.ConcreteNew(GlobalEnv,normalForm,resourceValues)
---import GF.Compile.CheckGrammar
---import GF.Compile.Update
-
+import GF.Compile.Compute.Concrete(GlobalEnv,normalForm,resourceValues)
 import GF.Data.Operations
---import GF.Infra.CheckM
 import GF.Infra.Option
 
 import Control.Monad
---import Data.List
 import qualified Data.Set as Set
+import qualified Data.Map as Map
 import GF.Text.Pretty
 import Debug.Trace
 
-
 -- | partial evaluation of concrete syntax. AR 6\/2001 -- 16\/5\/2003 -- 5\/2\/2005.
 
 optimizeModule :: Options -> SourceGrammar -> SourceModule -> Err SourceModule
@@ -54,7 +47,7 @@ optimizeModule opts sgr m@(name,mi)
 
    updateEvalInfo mi (i,info) = do
      info <- evalInfo oopts resenv sgr (name,mi) i info
-     return (mi{jments=updateTree (i,info) (jments mi)})
+     return (mi{jments=Map.insert i info (jments mi)})
 
 evalInfo :: Options -> GlobalEnv -> SourceGrammar -> SourceModule -> Ident -> Info -> Err Info
 evalInfo opts resenv sgr m c info = do
@@ -97,7 +90,7 @@ evalInfo opts resenv sgr m c info = do
     let ppr' = fmap (evalPrintname resenv c) ppr
     return $ CncFun mt pde' ppr' mpmcfg -- only cat in type actually needed
 {-
-  ResOper pty pde 
+  ResOper pty pde
     | not new && OptExpand `Set.member` optim -> do
          pde' <- case pde of
                    Just (L loc de) -> do de <- computeConcrete gr de
@@ -178,13 +171,13 @@ mkLinDefault gr typ = liftM (Abs Explicit varStr) $ mkDefField typ
      _ -> Bad (render ("linearization type field cannot be" <+> typ))
 
 mkLinReference :: SourceGrammar -> Type -> Err Term
-mkLinReference gr typ = 
- liftM (Abs Explicit varStr) $ 
+mkLinReference gr typ =
+ liftM (Abs Explicit varStr) $
    case mkDefField typ (Vr varStr) of
      Bad "no string" -> return Empty
      x               -> x
  where
-   mkDefField ty trm = 
+   mkDefField ty trm =
      case ty of
        Table pty ty -> do ps <- allParamValues gr pty
                           case ps of
@@ -210,7 +203,7 @@ factor param c i t =
     T (TComp ty) cs -> factors ty [(p, factor param c (i+1) v) | (p, v) <- cs]
     _               -> composSafeOp (factor param c i) t
   where
-    factors ty pvs0  
+    factors ty pvs0
                  | not param = V ty (map snd pvs0)
     factors ty []            = V ty []
     factors ty pvs0@[(p,v)]  = V ty [v]
@@ -231,7 +224,7 @@ factor param c i t =
 replace :: Term -> Term -> Term -> Term
 replace old new trm =
   case trm of
-    -- these are the important cases, since they can correspond to patterns  
+    -- these are the important cases, since they can correspond to patterns
     QC _     | trm == old -> new
     App _ _  | trm == old -> new
     R _      | trm == old -> new

src/compiler/GF/Compile/PGFtoHaskell.hs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 -- Stability   : (stable)
 -- Portability : (portable)
 --
--- > CVS $Date: 2005/06/17 12:39:07 $ 
+-- > CVS $Date: 2005/06/17 12:39:07 $
 -- > CVS $Author: bringert $
 -- > CVS $Revision: 1.8 $
 --
@@ -22,54 +22,65 @@ import PGF.Internal
 import GF.Data.Operations
 import GF.Infra.Option
 
-import Data.List --(isPrefixOf, find, intersperse)
+import Data.List(isPrefixOf,find,intercalate,intersperse,groupBy,sortBy)
 import qualified Data.Map as Map
 
 type Prefix = String -> String
+type DerivingClause = String
 
 -- | the main function
 grammar2haskell :: Options
                 -> String  -- ^ Module name.
                 -> PGF
                 -> String
-grammar2haskell opts name gr = foldr (++++) [] $  
-  pragmas ++ haskPreamble gadt name ++ [types, gfinstances gId lexical gr'] ++ compos
+grammar2haskell opts name gr = foldr (++++) [] $
+  pragmas ++ haskPreamble gadt name derivingClause (extraImports ++ pgfImports) ++
+  [types, gfinstances gId lexical gr'] ++ compos
     where gr' = hSkeleton gr
           gadt = haskellOption opts HaskellGADT
+          dataExt = haskellOption opts HaskellData
+          pgf2 = haskellOption opts HaskellPGF2
           lexical cat = haskellOption opts HaskellLexical && isLexicalCat opts cat
-          gId | haskellOption opts HaskellNoPrefix = id
-              | otherwise = ("G"++)
-          pragmas | gadt = ["{-# OPTIONS_GHC -fglasgow-exts #-}","{-# LANGUAGE GADTs #-}"]
+          gId | haskellOption opts HaskellNoPrefix = rmForbiddenChars
+              | otherwise = ("G"++) . rmForbiddenChars
+          -- GF grammars allow weird identifier names inside '', e.g. 'VP/Object'
+          rmForbiddenChars = filter (`notElem` "'!#$%&*+./<=>?@\\^|-~")
+          pragmas | gadt = ["{-# LANGUAGE GADTs, FlexibleInstances, KindSignatures, RankNTypes, TypeSynonymInstances #-}"]
+                  | dataExt = ["{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}"]
                   | otherwise = []
+          derivingClause
+                 | dataExt = "deriving (Show,Data)"
+                 | otherwise = "deriving Show"
+          extraImports | gadt = ["import Control.Monad.Identity", "import Data.Monoid"]
+                       | dataExt = ["import Data.Data"]
+                       | otherwise = []
+          pgfImports | pgf2 = ["import PGF2 hiding (Tree)", "", "showCId :: CId -> String", "showCId = id"]
+                     | otherwise = ["import PGF hiding (Tree)"]
           types | gadt = datatypesGADT gId lexical gr'
-                | otherwise = datatypes gId lexical gr'
+                | otherwise = datatypes gId derivingClause lexical gr'
           compos | gadt = prCompos gId lexical gr' ++ composClass
                  | otherwise = []
 
-haskPreamble gadt name =
+haskPreamble :: Bool -> String -> String -> [String] -> [String]
+haskPreamble gadt name derivingClause imports =
  [
   "module " ++ name ++ " where",
   ""
- ] ++
- (if gadt then [
-  "import Control.Monad.Identity",
-  "import Data.Monoid"
-  ] else []) ++
- [
-  "import PGF hiding (Tree)",
+ ] ++ imports ++ [
+  "",
   "----------------------------------------------------",
   "-- automatic translation from GF to Haskell",
   "----------------------------------------------------",
-  "", 
+  "",
   "class Gf a where",
   "  gf :: a -> Expr",
   "  fg :: Expr -> a",
   "",
-  predefInst gadt "GString" "String"  "unStr"    "mkStr",
+  predefInst gadt derivingClause "GString" "String"  "unStr"    "mkStr",
   "",
-  predefInst gadt "GInt"    "Int"     "unInt"    "mkInt",
+  predefInst gadt derivingClause "GInt"    "Int"     "unInt"    "mkInt",
   "",
-  predefInst gadt "GFloat"  "Double"  "unFloat"  "mkFloat",
+  predefInst gadt derivingClause "GFloat"  "Double"  "unFloat"  "mkFloat",
   "",
   "----------------------------------------------------",
   "-- below this line machine-generated",
@@ -77,11 +88,12 @@ haskPreamble gadt name =
   ""
  ]
 
-predefInst gadt gtyp typ destr consr = 
+predefInst :: Bool -> String -> String -> String -> String -> String -> String
+predefInst gadt derivingClause gtyp typ destr consr =
   (if gadt
-    then [] 
-    else ("newtype" +++ gtyp +++ "=" +++ gtyp +++ typ +++ " deriving Show\n\n") 
-    ) 
+    then []
+    else "newtype" +++ gtyp +++ "=" +++ gtyp +++ typ +++ derivingClause ++ "\n\n"
+    )
   ++
   "instance Gf" +++ gtyp +++ "where" ++++
   "  gf (" ++ gtyp +++ "x) =" +++ consr +++ "x" ++++
@@ -94,24 +106,24 @@ type OIdent = String
 
 type HSkeleton = [(OIdent, [(OIdent, [OIdent])])]
 
-datatypes :: Prefix -> (OIdent -> Bool) -> (String,HSkeleton) -> String
-datatypes gId lexical = (foldr (+++++) "") . (filter (/="")) . (map (hDatatype gId lexical)) . snd
+datatypes :: Prefix -> DerivingClause -> (OIdent -> Bool) -> (String,HSkeleton) -> String
+datatypes gId derivingClause lexical = foldr (+++++) "" . filter (/="") . map (hDatatype gId derivingClause lexical) . snd
 
 gfinstances :: Prefix -> (OIdent -> Bool) -> (String,HSkeleton) -> String
-gfinstances gId lexical (m,g) = (foldr (+++++) "") $ (filter (/="")) $ (map (gfInstance gId lexical m)) g
+gfinstances gId lexical (m,g) = foldr (+++++) "" $ filter (/="") $ map (gfInstance gId lexical m) g
 
 
-hDatatype  :: Prefix -> (OIdent -> Bool) -> (OIdent, [(OIdent, [OIdent])]) -> String
-hDatatype _ _ ("Cn",_) = "" ---
-hDatatype gId _ (cat,[]) = "data" +++ gId cat
-hDatatype gId _ (cat,rules) | isListCat (cat,rules) = 
- "newtype" +++ gId cat +++ "=" +++ gId cat +++ "[" ++ gId (elemCat cat) ++ "]" 
-  +++ "deriving Show"
-hDatatype gId lexical (cat,rules) =
+hDatatype  :: Prefix -> DerivingClause -> (OIdent -> Bool) -> (OIdent, [(OIdent, [OIdent])]) -> String
+hDatatype _ _ _ ("Cn",_) = "" ---
+hDatatype gId _ _ (cat,[]) = "data" +++ gId cat
+hDatatype gId derivingClause _ (cat,rules) | isListCat (cat,rules) =
+ "newtype" +++ gId cat +++ "=" +++ gId cat +++ "[" ++ gId (elemCat cat) ++ "]"
+  +++ derivingClause
+hDatatype gId derivingClause lexical (cat,rules) =
  "data" +++ gId cat +++ "=" ++
  (if length rules == 1 then "" else "\n  ") +++
  foldr1 (\x y -> x ++ "\n |" +++ y) constructors ++++
- "  deriving Show"
+ " " +++ derivingClause
   where
     constructors = [gId f +++ foldr (+++) "" (map (gId) xx) | (f,xx) <- nonLexicalRules (lexical cat) rules]
                    ++ if lexical cat then [lexicalConstructor cat +++ "String"] else []
@@ -123,16 +135,17 @@ nonLexicalRules True rules = [r | r@(f,t) <- rules, not (null t)]
 lexicalConstructor :: OIdent -> String
 lexicalConstructor cat = "Lex" ++ cat
 
+predefTypeSkel :: HSkeleton
 predefTypeSkel = [(c,[]) | c <- ["String", "Int", "Float"]]
 
 -- GADT version of data types
 datatypesGADT :: Prefix -> (OIdent -> Bool) -> (String,HSkeleton) -> String
-datatypesGADT gId lexical (_,skel) = unlines $ 
+datatypesGADT gId lexical (_,skel) = unlines $
     concatMap (hCatTypeGADT gId) (skel ++ predefTypeSkel) ++
-    [ 
-      "", 
+    [
+      "",
       "data Tree :: * -> * where"
-    ] ++ 
+    ] ++
     concatMap (map ("  "++) . hDatatypeGADT gId lexical) skel ++
     [
       "  GString :: String -> Tree GString_",
@@ -156,23 +169,23 @@ hCatTypeGADT gId (cat,rules)
        "data"+++gId cat++"_"]
 
 hDatatypeGADT :: Prefix -> (OIdent -> Bool) -> (OIdent, [(OIdent, [OIdent])]) -> [String]
-hDatatypeGADT gId lexical (cat, rules) 
+hDatatypeGADT gId lexical (cat, rules)
     | isListCat (cat,rules) = [gId cat+++"::"+++"["++gId (elemCat cat)++"]" +++ "->" +++ t]
     | otherwise =
-        [ gId f +++ "::" +++ concatMap (\a -> gId a +++ "-> ") args ++ t 
+        [ gId f +++ "::" +++ concatMap (\a -> gId a +++ "-> ") args ++ t
           | (f,args) <- nonLexicalRules (lexical cat) rules ]
         ++ if lexical cat then [lexicalConstructor cat +++ ":: String ->"+++ t] else []
   where t = "Tree" +++ gId cat ++ "_"
 
 hEqGADT :: Prefix -> (OIdent -> Bool) -> (OIdent, [(OIdent, [OIdent])]) -> [String]
 hEqGADT gId lexical (cat, rules)
-  | isListCat (cat,rules) = let r = listr cat in ["(" ++ patt "x" r ++ "," ++ patt "y" r ++ ") -> " ++ listeqs] 
+  | isListCat (cat,rules) = let r = listr cat in ["(" ++ patt "x" r ++ "," ++ patt "y" r ++ ") -> " ++ listeqs]
   | otherwise = ["(" ++ patt "x" r ++ "," ++ patt "y" r ++ ") -> " ++ eqs r | r <- nonLexicalRules (lexical cat) rules]
           ++ if lexical cat then ["(" ++ lexicalConstructor cat +++ "x" ++ "," ++ lexicalConstructor cat +++ "y" ++ ") -> x == y"] else []
 
  where
    patt s (f,xs) = unwords (gId f : mkSVars s (length xs))
-   eqs (_,xs) = unwords ("and" : "[" : intersperse "," [x ++ " == " ++ y | 
+   eqs (_,xs) = unwords ("and" : "[" : intersperse "," [x ++ " == " ++ y |
      (x,y) <- zip (mkSVars "x" (length xs)) (mkSVars "y" (length xs)) ] ++ ["]"])
    listr c = (c,["foo"]) -- foo just for length = 1
    listeqs = "and [x == y | (x,y) <- zip x1 y1]"
@@ -181,25 +194,26 @@ prCompos :: Prefix -> (OIdent -> Bool) -> (String,HSkeleton) -> [String]
 prCompos gId lexical (_,catrules) =
     ["instance Compos Tree where",
      "  compos r a f t = case t of"]
-    ++ 
+    ++
     ["    " ++ prComposCons (gId f) xs | (c,rs) <- catrules, not (isListCat (c,rs)),
-                                         (f,xs) <- rs, not (null xs)] 
-    ++ 
+                                         (f,xs) <- rs, not (null xs)]
+    ++
     ["    " ++ prComposCons (gId c) ["x1"] | (c,rs) <- catrules, isListCat (c,rs)]
-    ++ 
+    ++
     ["    _ -> r t"]
   where
-    prComposCons f xs = let vs = mkVars (length xs) in 
+    prComposCons f xs = let vs = mkVars (length xs) in
                         f +++ unwords vs +++ "->" +++ rhs f (zip vs xs)
     rhs f vcs = "r" +++ f +++ unwords (map (prRec f) vcs)
-    prRec f (v,c) 
+    prRec f (v,c)
       | isList f  = "`a` foldr (a . a (r (:)) . f) (r [])" +++ v
       | otherwise = "`a`" +++ "f" +++ v
-    isList f = (gId "List") `isPrefixOf` f
+    isList f = gId "List" `isPrefixOf` f
 
 gfInstance :: Prefix -> (OIdent -> Bool) -> String -> (OIdent, [(OIdent, [OIdent])]) -> String
 gfInstance gId lexical m crs = hInstance gId lexical m crs ++++ fInstance gId lexical m crs
 
+hInstance :: (String -> String) -> (String -> Bool) -> String -> (String, [(OIdent, [OIdent])]) -> String
 ----hInstance m ("Cn",_) = "" --- seems to belong to an old applic. AR 18/5/2004
 hInstance gId _ m (cat,[]) = unlines [
   "instance Show" +++ gId cat,
@@ -208,15 +222,15 @@ hInstance gId _ m (cat,[]) = unlines [
   "  gf _ = undefined",
   "  fg _ = undefined"
   ]
-hInstance gId lexical m (cat,rules) 
+hInstance gId lexical m (cat,rules)
  | isListCat (cat,rules) =
   "instance Gf" +++ gId cat +++ "where" ++++
-     "  gf (" ++ gId cat +++ "[" ++ concat (intersperse "," baseVars) ++ "])" 
+     "  gf (" ++ gId cat +++ "[" ++ intercalate "," baseVars ++ "])"
            +++ "=" +++ mkRHS ("Base"++ec) baseVars ++++
-     "  gf (" ++ gId cat +++ "(x:xs)) = " 
-           ++ mkRHS ("Cons"++ec) ["x",prParenth (gId cat+++"xs")] 
+     "  gf (" ++ gId cat +++ "(x:xs)) = "
+           ++ mkRHS ("Cons"++ec) ["x",prParenth (gId cat+++"xs")]
 -- no show for GADTs
---     ++++ " gf (" ++ gId cat +++ "xs) = error (\"Bad " ++ cat ++ " value: \" ++ show xs)" 
+--     ++++ " gf (" ++ gId cat +++ "xs) = error (\"Bad " ++ cat ++ " value: \" ++ show xs)"
  | otherwise =
   "instance Gf" +++ gId cat +++ "where\n" ++
   unlines ([mkInst f xx | (f,xx) <- nonLexicalRules (lexical cat) rules]
@@ -225,19 +239,22 @@ hInstance gId lexical m (cat,rules)
    ec = elemCat cat
    baseVars = mkVars (baseSize (cat,rules))
    mkInst f xx = let xx' = mkVars (length xx) in "  gf " ++
-     (if length xx == 0 then gId f else prParenth (gId f +++ foldr1 (+++) xx')) +++
+     (if null xx then gId f else prParenth (gId f +++ foldr1 (+++) xx')) +++
      "=" +++ mkRHS f xx'
-   mkRHS f vars = "mkApp (mkCId \"" ++ f ++ "\")" +++ 
-		   "[" ++ prTList ", " ["gf" +++ x | x <- vars] ++ "]"
+   mkRHS f vars = "mkApp (mkCId \"" ++ f ++ "\")" +++
+       "[" ++ prTList ", " ["gf" +++ x | x <- vars] ++ "]"
 
+mkVars :: Int -> [String]
 mkVars = mkSVars "x"
+
+mkSVars :: String -> Int -> [String]
 mkSVars s n = [s ++ show i | i <- [1..n]]
 
 ----fInstance m ("Cn",_) = "" ---
 fInstance _ _ m (cat,[]) = ""
 fInstance gId lexical m (cat,rules) =
   "  fg t =" ++++
-  (if isList 
+  (if isList
     then "    " ++ gId cat ++ " (fgs t) where\n     fgs t = case unApp t of"
     else "    case unApp t of") ++++
   unlines [mkInst f xx | (f,xx) <- nonLexicalRules (lexical cat) rules] ++++
@@ -249,27 +266,28 @@ fInstance gId lexical m (cat,rules) =
      "      Just (i," ++
      "[" ++ prTList "," xx' ++ "])" +++
      "| i == mkCId \"" ++ f ++ "\" ->" +++ mkRHS f xx'
-       where xx' = ["x" ++ show i | (_,i) <- zip xx [1..]]
-	     mkRHS f vars 
-		 | isList =
-		     if "Base" `isPrefixOf` f 
-                       then "[" ++ prTList ", " [ "fg" +++ x | x <- vars ] ++ "]"
-		       else "fg" +++ (vars !! 0) +++ ":" +++ "fgs" +++ (vars !! 1)
-		 | otherwise = 
-		     gId f +++  
-		     prTList " " [prParenth ("fg" +++ x) | x <- vars]
+       where
+         xx' = ["x" ++ show i | (_,i) <- zip xx [1..]]
+         mkRHS f vars
+           | isList =
+               if "Base" `isPrefixOf` f
+                             then "[" ++ prTList ", " [ "fg" +++ x | x <- vars ] ++ "]"
+                 else "fg" +++ (vars !! 0) +++ ":" +++ "fgs" +++ (vars !! 1)
+           | otherwise =
+               gId f +++
+               prTList " " [prParenth ("fg" +++ x) | x <- vars]
 
 --type HSkeleton = [(OIdent, [(OIdent, [OIdent])])]
 hSkeleton :: PGF -> (String,HSkeleton)
-hSkeleton gr = 
-  (showCId (absname gr), 
-   let fs = 
-         [(showCId c, [(showCId f, map showCId cs) | (f, (cs,_)) <- fs]) | 
+hSkeleton gr =
+  (showCId (absname gr),
+   let fs =
+         [(showCId c, [(showCId f, map showCId cs) | (f, (cs,_)) <- fs]) |
                                         fs@((_, (_,c)):_) <- fns]
-   in fs ++ [(sc, []) | c <- cts, let sc = showCId c, notElem sc (["Int", "Float", "String"] ++ map fst fs)]
+   in fs ++ [(sc, []) | c <- cts, let sc = showCId c, sc `notElem` (["Int", "Float", "String"] ++ map fst fs)]
   )
  where
-   cts = Map.keys (cats (abstract gr)) 
+   cts = Map.keys (cats (abstract gr))
    fns = groupBy valtypg (sortBy valtyps (map jty (Map.assocs (funs (abstract gr)))))
    valtyps (_, (_,x)) (_, (_,y)) = compare x y
    valtypg (_, (_,x)) (_, (_,y)) = x == y
@@ -283,9 +301,10 @@ updateSkeleton cat skel rule =
 -}
 isListCat :: (OIdent, [(OIdent, [OIdent])]) -> Bool
 isListCat (cat,rules) = "List" `isPrefixOf` cat && length rules == 2
-		    && ("Base"++c) `elem` fs && ("Cons"++c) `elem` fs
-    where c = elemCat cat
-	  fs = map fst rules
+        && ("Base"++c) `elem` fs && ("Cons"++c) `elem` fs
+    where
+      c = elemCat cat
+      fs = map fst rules
 
 -- | Gets the element category of a list category.
 elemCat :: OIdent -> OIdent
@@ -302,7 +321,7 @@ baseSize (_,rules) = length bs
     where Just (_,bs) = find (("Base" `isPrefixOf`) . fst) rules
 
 composClass :: [String]
-composClass = 
+composClass =
     [
      "",
      "class Compos t where",
@@ -329,4 +348,3 @@ composClass =
      "",
      "newtype C b a = C { unC :: b }"
     ]
-

src/compiler/GF/Compile/PGFtoJSON.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+module GF.Compile.PGFtoJSON (pgf2json) where
+
+import PGF (showCId)
+import qualified PGF.Internal as M
+import PGF.Internal (
+  Abstr,
+  CId,
+  CncCat(..),
+  CncFun(..),
+  Concr,
+  DotPos,
+  Equation(..),
+  Literal(..),
+  PArg(..),
+  PGF,
+  Production(..),
+  Symbol(..),
+  Type,
+  absname,
+  abstract,
+  cflags,
+  cnccats,
+  cncfuns,
+  concretes,
+  funs,
+  productions,
+  sequences,
+  totalCats
+  )
+
+import qualified Text.JSON as JSON
+import Text.JSON (JSValue(..))
+
+import qualified Data.Array.IArray as Array
+import Data.Map (Map)
+import qualified Data.Set as Set
+import qualified Data.Map as Map
+import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap
+
+pgf2json :: PGF -> String
+pgf2json pgf =
+  JSON.encode $ JSON.makeObj
+    [ ("abstract", json_abstract)
+    , ("concretes", json_concretes)
+    ]
+ where
+   n  = showCId $ absname pgf
+   as = abstract pgf
+   cs = Map.assocs (concretes pgf)
+   start = showCId $ M.lookStartCat pgf
+   json_abstract = abstract2json n start as
+   json_concretes = JSON.makeObj $ map concrete2json cs
+
+abstract2json :: String -> String -> Abstr -> JSValue
+abstract2json name start ds =
+  JSON.makeObj
+    [ ("name", mkJSStr name)
+    , ("startcat", mkJSStr start)
+    , ("funs", JSON.makeObj $ map absdef2json (Map.assocs (funs ds)))
+    ]
+
+absdef2json :: (CId,(Type,Int,Maybe ([Equation],[[M.Instr]]),Double)) -> (String,JSValue)
+absdef2json (f,(typ,_,_,_)) = (showCId f,sig)
+  where
+    (args,cat) = M.catSkeleton typ
+    sig = JSON.makeObj
+      [ ("args", JSArray $ map (mkJSStr.showCId) args)
+      , ("cat", mkJSStr $ showCId cat)
+      ]
+
+lit2json :: Literal -> JSValue
+lit2json (LStr s) = mkJSStr s
+lit2json (LInt n) = mkJSInt n
+lit2json (LFlt d) = JSRational True (toRational d)
+
+concrete2json :: (CId,Concr) -> (String,JSValue)
+concrete2json (c,cnc) = (showCId c,obj)
+  where
+    obj = JSON.makeObj
+      [ ("flags", JSON.makeObj [ (showCId k, lit2json v) | (k,v) <- Map.toList (cflags cnc) ])
+      , ("productions", JSON.makeObj [ (show cat, JSArray (map frule2json (Set.toList set))) | (cat,set) <- IntMap.toList (productions cnc)])
+      , ("functions", JSArray (map ffun2json (Array.elems (cncfuns cnc))))
+      , ("sequences", JSArray (map seq2json (Array.elems (sequences cnc))))
+      , ("categories", JSON.makeObj $ map cats2json (Map.assocs (cnccats cnc)))
+      , ("totalfids", mkJSInt (totalCats cnc))
+      ]
+
+cats2json :: (CId, CncCat) -> (String,JSValue)
+cats2json (c,CncCat start end _) = (showCId c, ixs)
+  where
+    ixs = JSON.makeObj
+      [ ("start", mkJSInt start)
+      , ("end", mkJSInt end)
+      ]
+
+frule2json :: Production -> JSValue
+frule2json (PApply fid args) =
+  JSON.makeObj
+    [ ("type", mkJSStr "Apply")
+    , ("fid", mkJSInt fid)
+    , ("args", JSArray (map farg2json args))
+    ]
+frule2json (PCoerce arg) =
+  JSON.makeObj
+    [ ("type", mkJSStr "Coerce")
+    , ("arg", mkJSInt arg)
+    ]
+
+farg2json :: PArg -> JSValue
+farg2json (PArg hypos fid) =
+  JSON.makeObj
+    [ ("type", mkJSStr "PArg")
+    , ("hypos", JSArray $ map (mkJSInt . snd) hypos)
+    , ("fid", mkJSInt fid)
+    ]
+
+ffun2json :: CncFun -> JSValue
+ffun2json (CncFun f lins) =
+  JSON.makeObj
+    [ ("name", mkJSStr $ showCId f)
+    , ("lins", JSArray (map mkJSInt (Array.elems lins)))
+    ]
+
+seq2json :: Array.Array DotPos Symbol -> JSValue
+seq2json seq = JSArray [sym2json s | s <- Array.elems seq]
+
+sym2json :: Symbol -> JSValue
+sym2json (SymCat n l)    = new "SymCat" [mkJSInt n, mkJSInt l]
+sym2json (SymLit n l)    = new "SymLit" [mkJSInt n, mkJSInt l]
+sym2json (SymVar n l)    = new "SymVar" [mkJSInt n, mkJSInt l]
+sym2json (SymKS t)       = new "SymKS"  [mkJSStr t]
+sym2json (SymKP ts alts) = new "SymKP"  [JSArray (map sym2json ts), JSArray (map alt2json alts)]
+sym2json SymBIND         = new "SymKS"  [mkJSStr "&+"]
+sym2json SymSOFT_BIND    = new "SymKS"  [mkJSStr "&+"]
+sym2json SymSOFT_SPACE   = new "SymKS"  [mkJSStr "&+"]
+sym2json SymCAPIT        = new "SymKS"  [mkJSStr "&|"]
+sym2json SymALL_CAPIT    = new "SymKS"  [mkJSStr "&|"]
+sym2json SymNE           = new "SymNE"  []
+
+alt2json :: ([Symbol],[String]) -> JSValue
+alt2json (ps,ts) = new "Alt" [JSArray (map sym2json ps), JSArray (map mkJSStr ts)]
+
+new :: String -> [JSValue] -> JSValue
+new f xs =
+  JSON.makeObj
+    [ ("type", mkJSStr f)
+    , ("args", JSArray xs)
+    ]
+
+-- | Make JSON value from string
+mkJSStr :: String -> JSValue
+mkJSStr = JSString . JSON.toJSString
+
+-- | Make JSON value from integer
+mkJSInt :: Integral a => a -> JSValue
+mkJSInt = JSRational False . toRational

src/compiler/GF/Compile/Rename.hs

@@ -27,19 +27,21 @@ module GF.Compile.Rename (
 	       renameModule
 	      ) where
 
+import GF.Infra.Ident
+import GF.Infra.CheckM
 import GF.Grammar.Grammar
 import GF.Grammar.Values
 import GF.Grammar.Predef
-import GF.Infra.Ident
-import GF.Infra.CheckM
+import GF.Grammar.Lookup
 import GF.Grammar.Macros
 import GF.Grammar.Printer
---import GF.Grammar.Lookup
---import GF.Grammar.Printer
 import GF.Data.Operations
 
 import Control.Monad
 import Data.List (nub,(\\))
+import qualified Data.List as L
+import qualified Data.Map as Map
+import Data.Maybe(mapMaybe)
 import GF.Text.Pretty
 
 -- | this gives top-level access to renaming term input in the cc command
@@ -55,9 +57,9 @@ renameModule cwd gr mo@(m,mi) = do
   js     <- checkMapRecover (renameInfo cwd status mo) (jments mi)
   return (m, mi{jments = js})
 
-type Status = (StatusTree, [(OpenSpec, StatusTree)])
+type Status = (StatusMap, [(OpenSpec, StatusMap)])
 
-type StatusTree = BinTree Ident StatusInfo
+type StatusMap = Map.Map Ident StatusInfo
 
 type StatusInfo = Ident -> Term
 
@@ -73,12 +75,12 @@ renameIdentTerm' env@(act,imps) t0 =
     Q (m',c) | m' == cPredef {- && isInPredefined c -} -> return t0
     Q (m',c) -> do
       m <- lookupErr m' qualifs
-      f <- lookupTree showIdent c m
+      f <- lookupIdent c m
       return $ f c
     QC (m',c) | m' == cPredef {- && isInPredefined c -} -> return t0
     QC (m',c) -> do
       m <- lookupErr m' qualifs
-      f <- lookupTree showIdent c m
+      f <- lookupIdent c m
       return $ f c
     _ -> return t0
   where
@@ -93,30 +95,40 @@ renameIdentTerm' env@(act,imps) t0 =
       | otherwise     = checkError s
 
     ident alt c = 
-      case lookupTree showIdent c act of
-        Ok f -> return (f c)
-        _    -> case lookupTreeManyAll showIdent opens c of
-                  [f]  -> return (f c)
-                  []   -> alt c ("constant not found:" <+> c $$
-                                 "given" <+> fsep (punctuate ',' (map fst qualifs)))
-                  fs   -> case nub [f c | f <- fs]  of
-                            [tr]     -> return tr
-{-
-                            ts       -> return $ AdHocOverload ts  
-                                        -- name conflicts resolved as overloading in TypeCheck.RConcrete AR 31/1/2014
-                                        -- the old definition is below and still presupposed in TypeCheck.Concrete
--}
-                            ts@(t:_) -> do checkWarn ("atomic term" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 t0 $$
-                                                      "conflict" <+> hsep (punctuate ',' (map (ppTerm Qualified 0) ts)) $$
-                                                      "given" <+> fsep (punctuate ',' (map fst qualifs)))
-                                           return t
+      case Map.lookup c act of
+        Just f -> return (f c)
+        _      -> case mapMaybe (Map.lookup c) opens of
+                    [f]  -> return (f c)
+                    []   -> alt c ("constant not found:" <+> c $$
+                                   "given" <+> fsep (punctuate ',' (map fst qualifs)))
+                    fs   -> case nub [f c | f <- fs]  of
+                              [tr]     -> return tr
+                              ts@(t:_) -> do checkWarn ("atomic term" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 t0 $$
+                                                        "conflict" <+> hsep (punctuate ',' (map (ppTerm Qualified 0) ts)) $$
+                                                        "given" <+> fsep (punctuate ',' (map fst qualifs)))
+                                             return (bestTerm ts) -- Heuristic for resource grammar. Returns t for all others.
+       where
+        -- Hotfix for https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/issues/56
+        -- Real bug is probably somewhere deeper in recognising excluded functions. /IL 2020-06-06
+        notFromCommonModule :: Term -> Bool
+        notFromCommonModule term =
+          let t = render $ ppTerm Qualified 0 term :: String
+           in not $ any (\moduleName -> moduleName `L.isPrefixOf` t)
+                        ["CommonX", "ConstructX", "ExtendFunctor"
+                        ,"MarkHTMLX", "ParamX", "TenseX", "TextX"]
 
-            -- a warning will be generated in CheckGrammar, and the head returned
-            -- in next V: 
-            -- Bad $ "conflicting imports:" +++ unwords (map prt ts) 
+        -- If one of the terms comes from the common modules,
+        -- we choose the other one, because that's defined in the grammar.
+        bestTerm :: [Term] -> Term
+        bestTerm [] = error "constant not found" -- not reached: bestTerm is only called for case ts@(t:_)
+        bestTerm ts@(t:_) =
+          let notCommon = [t | t <- ts, notFromCommonModule t]
+           in case notCommon of
+                []    -> t -- All terms are from common modules, return first of original list
+                (u:_) -> u -- ≥1 terms are not from common modules, return first of those
 
-info2status :: Maybe ModuleName -> (Ident,Info) -> StatusInfo
-info2status mq (c,i) = case i of
+info2status :: Maybe ModuleName -> Ident -> Info -> StatusInfo
+info2status mq c i = case i of
   AbsFun _ _ Nothing _ -> maybe Con (curry QC) mq
   ResValue _  -> maybe Con (curry QC) mq
   ResParam _ _  -> maybe Con (curry QC) mq
@@ -124,10 +136,10 @@ info2status mq (c,i) = case i of
   AnyInd False m -> maybe Cn (const (curry Q m)) mq
   _           -> maybe Cn (curry Q) mq
 
-tree2status :: OpenSpec -> BinTree Ident Info -> BinTree Ident StatusInfo
+tree2status :: OpenSpec -> Map.Map Ident Info -> StatusMap
 tree2status o = case o of
-  OSimple i   -> mapTree (info2status (Just i))
-  OQualif i j -> mapTree (info2status (Just j))
+  OSimple i   -> Map.mapWithKey (info2status (Just i))
+  OQualif i j -> Map.mapWithKey (info2status (Just j))
 
 buildStatus :: FilePath -> Grammar -> Module -> Check Status
 buildStatus cwd gr mo@(m,mi) = checkInModule cwd mi NoLoc empty $ do
@@ -136,14 +148,14 @@ buildStatus cwd gr mo@(m,mi) = checkInModule cwd mi NoLoc empty $ do
   ops <- mapM (\o -> lookupModule gr1 (openedModule o) >>= \mi -> return (o,mi)) (mopens mi)
   let sts = map modInfo2status (exts++ops)
   return (if isModCnc mi
-            then (emptyBinTree,    reverse sts)  -- the module itself does not define any names
+            then (Map.empty,       reverse sts)  -- the module itself does not define any names
             else (self2status m mi,reverse sts)) -- so the empty ident is not needed
 
-modInfo2status :: (OpenSpec,ModuleInfo) -> (OpenSpec, StatusTree)
+modInfo2status :: (OpenSpec,ModuleInfo) -> (OpenSpec, StatusMap)
 modInfo2status (o,mo) = (o,tree2status o (jments mo))
 
-self2status :: ModuleName -> ModuleInfo -> StatusTree
-self2status c m = mapTree (info2status (Just c)) (jments m)
+self2status :: ModuleName -> ModuleInfo -> StatusMap
+self2status c m = Map.mapWithKey (info2status (Just c)) (jments m)
 
   
 renameInfo :: FilePath -> Status -> Module -> Ident -> Info -> Check Info
@@ -244,7 +256,7 @@ renamePattern :: Status -> Patt -> Check (Patt,[Ident])
 renamePattern env patt =
     do r@(p',vs) <- renp patt
        let dupl = vs \\ nub vs
-       unless (null dupl) $ checkError (hang ("[C.4.13] Pattern is not linear:") 4
+       unless (null dupl) $ checkError (hang ("[C.4.13] Pattern is not linear. All variable names on the left-hand side must be distinct.") 4
                                              patt)
        return r
   where

src/compiler/GF/Compile/TypeCheck/Concrete.hs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {-# LANGUAGE PatternGuards #-}
-module GF.Compile.TypeCheck.Concrete( {-checkLType, inferLType, computeLType, ppType-} ) where
-{-
+module GF.Compile.TypeCheck.Concrete( checkLType, inferLType, computeLType, ppType ) where
+import Prelude hiding ((<>)) -- GHC 8.4.1 clash with Text.PrettyPrint
+
 import GF.Infra.CheckM
 import GF.Data.Operations
 
@@ -22,10 +23,16 @@ computeLType gr g0 t = comp (reverse [(b,x, Vr x) | (b,x,_) <- g0] ++ g0) t
     _ | Just _ <- isTypeInts ty -> return ty ---- shouldn't be needed
       | isPredefConstant ty     -> return ty ---- shouldn't be needed
 
-    Q (m,ident) -> checkIn (text "module" <+> ppIdent m) $ do
+    Q (m,ident) -> checkIn ("module" <+> m) $ do
       ty' <- lookupResDef gr (m,ident)
       if ty' == ty then return ty else comp g ty' --- is this necessary to test?
 
+    AdHocOverload ts -> do
+     over <- getOverload gr g (Just typeType) t
+     case over of
+       Just (tr,_) -> return tr
+       _ -> checkError ("unresolved overloading of constants" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 t)
+
     Vr ident  -> checkLookup ident g -- never needed to compute!
 
     App f a -> do
@@ -73,26 +80,26 @@ inferLType gr g trm = case trm of
 
    Q (m,ident) | isPredef m -> termWith trm $ case typPredefined ident of
                                                 Just ty -> return ty
-                                                Nothing -> checkError (text "unknown in Predef:" <+> ppIdent ident)
+                                                Nothing -> checkError ("unknown in Predef:" <+> ident)
 
    Q ident -> checks [
      termWith trm $ lookupResType gr ident >>= computeLType gr g
      ,
      lookupResDef gr ident >>= inferLType gr g
      ,
-     checkError (text "cannot infer type of constant" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
+     checkError ("cannot infer type of constant" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
      ]
 
    QC (m,ident) | isPredef m -> termWith trm $ case typPredefined ident of
                                                  Just ty -> return ty
-                                                 Nothing -> checkError (text "unknown in Predef:" <+> ppIdent ident)
+                                                 Nothing -> checkError ("unknown in Predef:" <+> ident)
 
    QC ident -> checks [
        termWith trm $ lookupResType gr ident >>= computeLType gr g
        ,
        lookupResDef gr ident >>= inferLType gr g
        ,
-       checkError (text "cannot infer type of canonical constant" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
+       checkError ("cannot infer type of canonical constant" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
        ]
 
    Vr ident -> termWith trm $ checkLookup ident g
@@ -100,7 +107,12 @@ inferLType gr g trm = case trm of
    Typed e t -> do
      t' <- computeLType gr g t
      checkLType gr g e t'
-     return (e,t')
+
+   AdHocOverload ts -> do
+     over <- getOverload gr g Nothing trm
+     case over of
+       Just trty -> return trty
+       _ -> checkError ("unresolved overloading of constants" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 trm)
 
    App f a -> do
      over <- getOverload gr g Nothing trm
@@ -110,13 +122,17 @@ inferLType gr g trm = case trm of
          (f',fty) <- inferLType gr g f
          fty' <- computeLType gr g fty
          case fty' of
-           Prod bt z arg val -> do 
+           Prod bt z arg val -> do
              a' <- justCheck g a arg
-             ty <- if isWildIdent z 
+             ty <- if isWildIdent z
                       then return val
                       else substituteLType [(bt,z,a')] val
-             return (App f' a',ty) 
-           _ -> checkError (text "A function type is expected for" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 f <+> text "instead of type" <+> ppType fty)
+             return (App f' a',ty)
+           _ ->
+             let term = ppTerm Unqualified 0 f
+                 funName = pp . head . words .render $ term
+              in checkError ("A function type is expected for" <+> term <+> "instead of type" <+> ppType fty $$
+                             "\n   ** Maybe you gave too many arguments to" <+> funName <+> "\n")
 
    S f x -> do
      (f', fty) <- inferLType gr g f
@@ -124,7 +140,7 @@ inferLType gr g trm = case trm of
        Table arg val -> do
          x'<- justCheck g x arg
          return (S f' x', val)
-       _ -> checkError (text "table lintype expected for the table in" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm))
+       _ -> checkError ("table lintype expected for the table in" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm))
 
    P t i -> do
      (t',ty) <- inferLType gr g t   --- ??
@@ -132,16 +148,16 @@ inferLType gr g trm = case trm of
      let tr2 = P t' i
      termWith tr2 $ case ty' of
        RecType ts -> case lookup i ts of
-                       Nothing -> checkError (text "unknown label" <+> ppLabel i <+> text "in" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 ty'))
+                       Nothing -> checkError ("unknown label" <+> i <+> "in" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 ty'))
                        Just x  -> return x
-       _          -> checkError (text "record type expected for:" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 t $$
-                                 text " instead of the inferred:" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ty')
+       _          -> checkError ("record type expected for:" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 t $$
+                                 " instead of the inferred:" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ty')
 
    R r -> do
      let (ls,fs) = unzip r
      fsts <- mapM inferM fs
      let ts = [ty | (Just ty,_) <- fsts]
-     checkCond (text "cannot infer type of record" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)) (length ts == length fsts)
+     checkCond ("cannot infer type of record" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)) (length ts == length fsts)
      return $ (R (zip ls fsts), RecType (zip ls ts))
 
    T (TTyped arg) pts -> do
@@ -152,10 +168,10 @@ inferLType gr g trm = case trm of
      checkLType gr g trm (Table arg val)
    T ti pts -> do  -- tries to guess: good in oper type inference
      let pts' = [pt | pt@(p,_) <- pts, isConstPatt p]
-     case pts' of 
-       [] -> checkError (text "cannot infer table type of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
-----       PInt k : _ -> return $ Ints $ max [i | PInt i <- pts'] 
-       _  -> do 
+     case pts' of
+       [] -> checkError ("cannot infer table type of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
+----       PInt k : _ -> return $ Ints $ max [i | PInt i <- pts']
+       _  -> do
          (arg,val) <- checks $ map (inferCase Nothing) pts'
          checkLType gr g trm (Table arg val)
    V arg pts -> do
@@ -166,9 +182,9 @@ inferLType gr g trm = case trm of
    K s  -> do
      if elem ' ' s
         then do
-          let ss = foldr C Empty (map K (words s))  
+          let ss = foldr C Empty (map K (words s))
           ----- removed irritating warning AR 24/5/2008
-          ----- checkWarn ("token \"" ++ s ++ 
+          ----- checkWarn ("token \"" ++ s ++
           -----              "\" converted to token list" ++ prt ss)
           return (ss, typeStr)
         else return (trm, typeStr)
@@ -179,50 +195,56 @@ inferLType gr g trm = case trm of
 
    Empty -> return (trm, typeStr)
 
-   C s1 s2 -> 
+   C s1 s2 ->
      check2 (flip (justCheck g) typeStr) C s1 s2 typeStr
 
-   Glue s1 s2 -> 
+   Glue s1 s2 ->
      check2 (flip (justCheck g) typeStr) Glue s1 s2 typeStr ---- typeTok
 
 ---- hack from Rename.identRenameTerm, to live with files with naming conflicts 18/6/2007
    Strs (Cn c : ts) | c == cConflict -> do
-     checkWarn (text "unresolved constant, could be any of" <+> hcat (map (ppTerm Unqualified 0) ts))
+     checkWarn ("unresolved constant, could be any of" <+> hcat (map (ppTerm Unqualified 0) ts))
      inferLType gr g (head ts)
 
    Strs ts -> do
-     ts' <- mapM (\t -> justCheck g t typeStr) ts 
+     ts' <- mapM (\t -> justCheck g t typeStr) ts
      return (Strs ts', typeStrs)
 
    Alts t aa -> do
      t'  <- justCheck g t typeStr
      aa' <- flip mapM aa (\ (c,v) -> do
-        c' <- justCheck g c typeStr 
+        c' <- justCheck g c typeStr
         v' <- checks $ map (justCheck g v) [typeStrs, EPattType typeStr]
         return (c',v'))
      return (Alts t' aa', typeStr)
 
    RecType r -> do
      let (ls,ts) = unzip r
-     ts' <- mapM (flip (justCheck g) typeType) ts 
+     ts' <- mapM (flip (justCheck g) typeType) ts
      return (RecType (zip ls ts'), typeType)
 
    ExtR r s -> do
-     (r',rT) <- inferLType gr g r 
+
+---     over <- getOverload gr g Nothing r
+---     let r1 = maybe r fst over
+     let r1 = r ---
+
+     (r',rT) <- inferLType gr g r1
      rT'     <- computeLType gr g rT
+
      (s',sT) <- inferLType gr g s
      sT'     <- computeLType gr g sT
 
      let trm' = ExtR r' s'
-     ---- trm'    <- plusRecord r' s'
      case (rT', sT') of
        (RecType rs, RecType ss) -> do
-         rt <- plusRecType rT' sT'
+         let rt = RecType ([field | field@(l,_) <- rs, notElem l (map fst ss)] ++ ss) -- select types of later fields
          checkLType gr g trm' rt ---- return (trm', rt)
-       _ | rT' == typeType && sT' == typeType -> return (trm', typeType)
-       _ -> checkError (text "records or record types expected in" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
+       _ | rT' == typeType && sT' == typeType -> do
+         return (trm', typeType)
+       _ -> checkError ("records or record types expected in" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
 
-   Sort _     -> 
+   Sort _     ->
      termWith trm $ return typeType
 
    Prod bt x a b -> do
@@ -231,7 +253,7 @@ inferLType gr g trm = case trm of
      return (Prod bt x a' b', typeType)
 
    Table p t  -> do
-     p' <- justCheck g p typeType --- check p partype! 
+     p' <- justCheck g p typeType --- check p partype!
      t' <- justCheck g t typeType
      return $ (Table p' t', typeType)
 
@@ -250,9 +272,9 @@ inferLType gr g trm = case trm of
    ELin c trm -> do
      (trm',ty) <- inferLType gr g trm
      ty' <- lockRecType c ty ---- lookup c; remove lock AR 20/6/2009
-     return $ (ELin c trm', ty') 
+     return $ (ELin c trm', ty')
 
-   _ -> checkError (text "cannot infer lintype of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
+   _ -> checkError ("cannot infer lintype of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
 
  where
    isPredef m = elem m [cPredef,cPredefAbs]
@@ -299,7 +321,6 @@ inferLType gr g trm = case trm of
      PChars _ -> return $ typeStr
      _ -> inferLType gr g (patt2term p) >>= return . snd
 
-
 -- type inference: Nothing, type checking: Just t
 -- the latter permits matching with value type
 getOverload :: SourceGrammar -> Context -> Maybe Type -> Term -> Check (Maybe (Term,Type))
@@ -310,15 +331,28 @@ getOverload gr g mt ot = case appForm ot of
          v <- matchOverload f typs ttys
          return $ Just v
        _ -> return Nothing
+     (AdHocOverload cs@(f:_), ts) -> do     --- the function name f is only used in error messages
+       let typs = concatMap collectOverloads cs
+       ttys <- mapM (inferLType gr g) ts
+       v <- matchOverload f typs ttys
+       return $ Just v
      _ -> return Nothing
+
  where
+   collectOverloads tr@(Q c) = case lookupOverload gr c of
+     Ok typs -> typs
+     _ -> case lookupResType gr c of
+       Ok ty -> let (args,val) = typeFormCnc ty in [(map (\(b,x,t) -> t) args,(val,tr))]
+       _ -> []
+   collectOverloads _ = [] --- constructors QC
+
    matchOverload f typs ttys = do
      let (tts,tys) = unzip ttys
      let vfs = lookupOverloadInstance tys typs
      let matches = [vf | vf@((_,v,_),_) <- vfs, matchVal mt v]
      let showTypes ty = hsep (map ppType ty)
 
-    
+
      let (stys,styps) = (showTypes tys, [showTypes ty | (ty,_) <- typs])
 
      -- to avoid strange error msg e.g. in case of unmatch record extension, show whole types if needed AR 28/1/2013
@@ -329,50 +363,57 @@ getOverload gr g mt ot = case appForm ot of
      case ([vf | (vf,True) <- matches],[vf | (vf,False) <- matches]) of
        ([(_,val,fun)],_) -> return (mkApp fun tts, val)
        ([],[(pre,val,fun)]) -> do
-         checkWarn $  text "ignoring lock fields in resolving" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ot $$
-                      text "for" $$
+         checkWarn $  "ignoring lock fields in resolving" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ot $$
+                      "for" $$
                       nest 2 (showTypes tys) $$
-                      text "using" $$
+                      "using" $$
                       nest 2 (showTypes pre)
          return (mkApp fun tts, val)
        ([],[]) -> do
-         checkError $ text "no overload instance of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 f $$
-                      text "for" $$
+         checkError $ "no overload instance of" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 f $$
+                      maybe empty (\x -> "with value type" <+> ppType x) mt $$
+                      "for argument list" $$
                       nest 2 stysError $$
-                      text "among" $$
-                      nest 2 (vcat stypsError) $$
-                      maybe empty (\x -> text "with value type" <+> ppType x) mt
+                      "among alternatives" $$
+                      nest 2 (vcat stypsError)
+
 
        (vfs1,vfs2) -> case (noProds vfs1,noProds vfs2) of
          ([(val,fun)],_) -> do
            return (mkApp fun tts, val)
          ([],[(val,fun)]) -> do
-           checkWarn (text "ignoring lock fields in resolving" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ot) 
+           checkWarn ("ignoring lock fields in resolving" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ot)
            return (mkApp fun tts, val)
 
 ----- unsafely exclude irritating warning AR 24/5/2008
------           checkWarn $ "overloading of" +++ prt f +++ 
+-----           checkWarn $ "overloading of" +++ prt f +++
 -----             "resolved by excluding partial applications:" ++++
 -----             unlines [prtType env ty | (ty,_) <- vfs', not (noProd ty)]
 
-
-         _ -> checkError $ text "ambiguous overloading of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 f <+>
-                           text "for" <+> hsep (map ppType tys) $$ 
-                           text "with alternatives" $$
-                           nest 2 (vcat [ppType ty | (_,ty,_) <- if null vfs1 then vfs2 else vfs2])
+--- now forgiving ambiguity with a warning AR 1/2/2014
+--  This gives ad hoc overloading the same behaviour as the choice of the first match in renaming did before.
+--  But it also gives a chance to ambiguous overloadings that were banned before.
+         (nps1,nps2) -> do
+              checkWarn $  "ambiguous overloading of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 f <+>
+                  ----     "with argument types" <+> hsep (map (ppTerm Qualified 0) tys) $$
+                           "resolved by selecting the first of the alternatives" $$
+                           nest 2 (vcat [ppTerm Qualified 0 fun | (_,ty,fun) <- vfs1 ++ if null vfs1 then vfs2 else []])
+              case [(mkApp fun tts,val) | (val,fun) <- nps1 ++ nps2] of
+                 [] -> checkError $ "no alternatives left when resolving" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 f
+                 h:_ -> return h
 
    matchVal mt v = elem mt [Nothing,Just v,Just (unlocked v)]
 
    unlocked v = case v of
-     RecType fs -> RecType $ filter (not . isLockLabel . fst) fs
+     RecType fs -> RecType $ filter (not . isLockLabel . fst) (sortRec fs)
      _ -> v
    ---- TODO: accept subtypes
    ---- TODO: use a trie
-   lookupOverloadInstance tys typs = 
-     [((pre,mkFunType rest val, t),isExact) | 
+   lookupOverloadInstance tys typs =
+     [((pre,mkFunType rest val, t),isExact) |
        let lt = length tys,
        (ty,(val,t)) <- typs, length ty >= lt,
-       let (pre,rest) = splitAt lt ty, 
+       let (pre,rest) = splitAt lt ty,
        let isExact = pre == tys,
        isExact || map unlocked pre == map unlocked tys
      ]
@@ -385,20 +426,21 @@ getOverload gr g mt ot = case appForm ot of
 
 checkLType :: SourceGrammar -> Context -> Term -> Type -> Check (Term, Type)
 checkLType gr g trm typ0 = do
-
   typ <- computeLType gr g typ0
 
   case trm of
 
     Abs bt x c -> do
       case typ of
-        Prod bt' z a b -> do 
+        Prod bt' z a b -> do
           (c',b') <- if isWildIdent z
                        then checkLType gr ((bt,x,a):g) c b
-                       else do b' <- checkIn (text "abs") $ substituteLType [(bt',z,Vr x)] b
+                       else do b' <- checkIn (pp "abs") $ substituteLType [(bt',z,Vr x)] b
                                checkLType gr ((bt,x,a):g) c b'
-          return $ (Abs bt x c', Prod bt' x a b')
-        _ -> checkError $ text "function type expected instead of" <+> ppType typ
+          return $ (Abs bt x c', Prod bt' z a b')
+        _ -> checkError $ "function type expected instead of" <+> ppType typ $$
+                          "\n   ** Double-check that the type signature of the operation" $$
+                          "matches the number of arguments given to it.\n"
 
     App f a -> do
        over <- getOverload gr g (Just typ) trm
@@ -408,6 +450,12 @@ checkLType gr g trm typ0 = do
           (trm',ty') <- inferLType gr g trm
           termWith trm' $ checkEqLType gr g typ ty' trm'
 
+    AdHocOverload ts -> do
+      over <- getOverload gr g Nothing trm
+      case over of
+        Just trty -> return trty
+        _ -> checkError ("unresolved overloading of constants" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 trm)
+
     Q _ -> do
        over <- getOverload gr g (Just typ) trm
        case over of
@@ -417,21 +465,21 @@ checkLType gr g trm typ0 = do
           termWith trm' $ checkEqLType gr g typ ty' trm'
 
     T _ [] ->
-      checkError (text "found empty table in type" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ)
-    T _ cs -> case typ of 
-      Table arg val -> do 
+      checkError ("found empty table in type" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ)
+    T _ cs -> case typ of
+      Table arg val -> do
         case allParamValues gr arg of
           Ok vs -> do
             let ps0 = map fst cs
             ps <- testOvershadow ps0 vs
-            if null ps 
-              then return () 
-              else checkWarn (text "patterns never reached:" $$
+            if null ps
+              then return ()
+              else checkWarn ("patterns never reached:" $$
                               nest 2 (vcat (map (ppPatt Unqualified 0) ps)))
           _ -> return () -- happens with variable types
         cs' <- mapM (checkCase arg val) cs
         return (T (TTyped arg) cs', typ)
-      _ -> checkError $ text "table type expected for table instead of" $$ nest 2 (ppType typ)
+      _ -> checkError $ "table type expected for table instead of" $$ nest 2 (ppType typ)
     V arg0 vs ->
       case typ of
         Table arg1 val ->
@@ -439,51 +487,54 @@ checkLType gr g trm typ0 = do
               vs1 <- allParamValues gr arg1
               if length vs1 == length vs
                  then return ()
-                 else checkError $ text "wrong number of values in table" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm
+                 else checkError $ "wrong number of values in table" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm
               vs' <- map fst `fmap` sequence [checkLType gr g v val|v<-vs]
               return (V arg' vs',typ)
 
     R r -> case typ of --- why needed? because inference may be too difficult
        RecType rr -> do
-         let (ls,_) = unzip rr        -- labels of expected type
+       --let (ls,_) = unzip rr        -- labels of expected type
          fsts <- mapM (checkM r) rr   -- check that they are found in the record
          return $ (R fsts, typ)       -- normalize record
 
-       _ -> checkError (text "record type expected in type checking instead of" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ))
+       _ -> checkError ("record type expected in type checking instead of" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ))
 
     ExtR r s -> case typ of
        _ | typ == typeType -> do
          trm' <- computeLType gr g trm
          case trm' of
-           RecType _ -> termWith trm $ return typeType
-           ExtR (Vr _) (RecType _) -> termWith trm $ return typeType 
+           RecType _ -> termWith trm' $ return typeType
+           ExtR (Vr _) (RecType _) -> termWith trm' $ return typeType
                                       -- ext t = t ** ...
-           _ -> checkError (text "invalid record type extension" <+> nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm))
+           _ -> checkError ("invalid record type extension" <+> nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm))
 
        RecType rr -> do
-         (r',ty,s') <- checks [
-            do (r',ty) <- inferLType gr g r
-               return (r',ty,s)
-           ,
-            do (s',ty) <- inferLType gr g s
-               return (s',ty,r)
-           ]
 
-         case ty of
-           RecType rr1 -> do
-                let (rr0,rr2) = recParts rr rr1
-                r2 <- justCheck g r' rr0
-                s2 <- justCheck g s' rr2
-                return $ (ExtR r2 s2, typ) 
-           _ -> checkError (text "record type expected in extension of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 r $$
-                            text "but found" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ty)
+         ll2 <- case s of
+           R ss -> return $ map fst ss
+           _ -> do
+             (s',typ2) <- inferLType gr g s
+             case typ2 of
+               RecType ss -> return $ map fst ss
+               _ ->  checkError ("cannot get labels from" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ2))
+         let ll1 = [l | (l,_) <- rr, notElem l ll2]
+
+---         over <- getOverload gr g Nothing r --- this would solve #66 but fail ParadigmsAra. AR 6/7/2020
+---         let r1 = maybe r fst over
+         let r1 = r ---
+
+         (r',_) <- checkLType gr g r1 (RecType [field | field@(l,_) <- rr, elem l ll1])
+         (s',_) <- checkLType gr g s  (RecType [field | field@(l,_) <- rr, elem l ll2])
+
+         let rec = R ([(l,(Nothing,P r' l)) | l <- ll1] ++ [(l,(Nothing,P s' l)) | l <- ll2])
+         return (rec, typ)
 
        ExtR ty ex -> do
          r' <- justCheck g r ty
          s' <- justCheck g s ex
          return $ (ExtR r' s', typ) --- is this all? it assumes the same division in trm and typ
 
-       _ -> checkError (text "record extension not meaningful for" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ)
+       _ -> checkError ("record extension not meaningful for" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ)
 
     FV vs -> do
       ttys <- mapM (flip (checkLType gr g) typ) vs
@@ -498,7 +549,7 @@ checkLType gr g trm typ0 = do
           (arg',val) <- checkLType gr g arg p
           checkEqLType gr g typ t trm
           return (S tab' arg', t)
-        _ -> checkError (text "table type expected for applied table instead of" <+> ppType ty')
+        _ -> checkError ("table type expected for applied table instead of" <+> ppType ty')
      , do
       (arg',ty) <- inferLType gr g arg
       ty'       <- computeLType gr g ty
@@ -507,7 +558,8 @@ checkLType gr g trm typ0 = do
       ]
     Let (x,(mty,def)) body -> case mty of
       Just ty -> do
-        (def',ty') <- checkLType gr g def ty
+        (ty0,_)    <- checkLType gr g ty typeType
+        (def',ty') <- checkLType gr g def ty0
         body' <- justCheck ((Explicit,x,ty'):g) body typ
         return (Let (x,(Just ty',def')) body', typ)
       _ -> do
@@ -523,10 +575,10 @@ checkLType gr g trm typ0 = do
       termWith trm' $ checkEqLType gr g typ ty' trm'
  where
    justCheck g ty te = checkLType gr g ty te >>= return . fst
-
-   recParts rr t = (RecType rr1,RecType rr2) where 
-     (rr1,rr2) = partition (flip elem (map fst t) . fst) rr 
-
+{-
+   recParts rr t = (RecType rr1,RecType rr2) where
+     (rr1,rr2) = partition (flip elem (map fst t) . fst) rr
+-}
    checkM rms (l,ty) = case lookup l rms of
      Just (Just ty0,t) -> do
        checkEqLType gr g ty ty0 t
@@ -535,12 +587,12 @@ checkLType gr g trm typ0 = do
      Just (_,t) -> do
        (t',ty') <- checkLType gr g t ty
        return (l,(Just ty',t'))
-     _ -> checkError $ 
-            if isLockLabel l 
+     _ -> checkError $
+            if isLockLabel l
               then let cat = drop 5 (showIdent (label2ident l))
-                   in ppTerm Unqualified 0 (R rms) <+> text "is not in the lincat of" <+> text cat <> 
-                      text "; try wrapping it with lin" <+> text cat
-              else text "cannot find value for label" <+> ppLabel l <+> text "in" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 (R rms)
+                   in ppTerm Unqualified 0 (R rms) <+> "is not in the lincat of" <+> cat <>
+                      "; try wrapping it with lin" <+> cat
+              else "cannot find value for label" <+> l <+> "in" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 (R rms)
 
    checkCase arg val (p,t) = do
      cont <- pattContext gr g arg p
@@ -553,7 +605,7 @@ pattContext env g typ p = case p of
   PP (q,c) ps | q /= cPredef -> do ---- why this /=? AR 6/1/2006
     t <- lookupResType env (q,c)
     let (cont,v) = typeFormCnc t
-    checkCond (text "wrong number of arguments for constructor in" <+> ppPatt Unqualified 0 p) 
+    checkCond ("wrong number of arguments for constructor in" <+> ppPatt Unqualified 0 p)
               (length cont == length ps)
     checkEqLType env g typ v (patt2term p)
     mapM (\((_,_,ty),p) -> pattContext env g ty p) (zip cont ps) >>= return . concat
@@ -564,7 +616,7 @@ pattContext env g typ p = case p of
         let pts = [(ty,tr) | (l,tr) <- r, Just ty <- [lookup l t]]
         ----- checkWarn $ prt p ++++ show pts ----- debug
         mapM (uncurry (pattContext env g)) pts >>= return . concat
-      _ -> checkError (text "record type expected for pattern instead of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ')
+      _ -> checkError ("record type expected for pattern instead of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ')
   PT t p' -> do
     checkEqLType env g typ t (patt2term p')
     pattContext env g typ p'
@@ -577,10 +629,10 @@ pattContext env g typ p = case p of
     g1 <- pattContext env g typ p'
     g2 <- pattContext env g typ q
     let pts = nub ([x | pt@(_,x,_) <- g1, notElem pt g2] ++ [x | pt@(_,x,_) <- g2, notElem pt g1])
-    checkCond 
-      (text "incompatible bindings of" <+>
-       fsep (map ppIdent pts) <+> 
-       text "in pattern alterantives" <+> ppPatt Unqualified 0 p) (null pts) 
+    checkCond
+      ("incompatible bindings of" <+>
+       fsep pts <+>
+       "in pattern alterantives" <+> ppPatt Unqualified 0 p) (null pts)
     return g1 -- must be g1 == g2
   PSeq p q -> do
     g1 <- pattContext env g typ p
@@ -590,11 +642,11 @@ pattContext env g typ p = case p of
   PNeg p' -> noBind typ p'
 
   _ -> return [] ---- check types!
- where 
+ where
    noBind typ p' = do
     co <- pattContext env g typ p'
     if not (null co)
-      then checkWarn (text "no variable bound inside pattern" <+> ppPatt Unqualified 0 p) 
+      then checkWarn ("no variable bound inside pattern" <+> ppPatt Unqualified 0 p)
            >> return []
       else return []
 
@@ -603,9 +655,31 @@ checkEqLType gr g t u trm = do
   (b,t',u',s) <- checkIfEqLType gr g t u trm
   case b of
     True  -> return t'
-    False -> checkError $ text s <+> text "type of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm $$
-                          text "expected:" <+> ppType t $$
-                          text "inferred:" <+> ppType u
+    False ->
+      let inferredType = ppTerm Qualified 0 u
+          expectedType = ppTerm Qualified 0 t
+          term = ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm
+          funName = pp . head . words .render $ term
+          helpfulMsg =
+            case (arrows inferredType, arrows expectedType) of
+              (0,0) -> pp "" -- None of the types is a function
+              _ -> "\n   **" <+>
+                  if expectedType `isLessApplied` inferredType
+                    then "Maybe you gave too few arguments to" <+> funName
+                    else pp "Double-check that type signature and number of arguments match."
+      in checkError $ s <+> "type of" <+> term $$
+                            "expected:" <+> expectedType $$ -- ppqType t u $$
+                            "inferred:" <+> inferredType $$ -- ppqType u t
+                            helpfulMsg
+  where
+    -- count the number of arrows in the prettyprinted term
+    arrows :: Doc -> Int
+    arrows = length . filter (=="->") . words . render
+
+    -- If prettyprinted type t has fewer arrows then prettyprinted type u,
+    -- then t is "less applied", and we can print out more helpful error msg.
+    isLessApplied :: Doc -> Doc -> Bool
+    isLessApplied t u = arrows t < arrows u
 
 checkIfEqLType :: SourceGrammar -> Context -> Type -> Type -> Term -> Check (Bool,Type,Type,String)
 checkIfEqLType gr g t u trm = do
@@ -617,60 +691,62 @@ checkIfEqLType gr g t u trm = do
     --- better: use a flag to forgive? (AR 31/1/2006)
     _ -> case missingLock [] t' u' of
       Ok lo -> do
-        checkWarn $ text "missing lock field" <+> fsep (map ppLabel lo)
+        checkWarn $ "missing lock field" <+> fsep lo
         return (True,t',u',[])
       Bad s -> return (False,t',u',s)
 
   where
 
-   -- t is a subtype of u 
+   -- check that u is a subtype of t
    --- quick hack version of TC.eqVal
-   alpha g t u = case (t,u) of  
+   alpha g t u = case (t,u) of
 
      -- error (the empty type!) is subtype of any other type
      (_,u) | u == typeError -> True
 
      -- contravariance
-     (Prod _ x a b, Prod _ y c d) -> alpha g c a && alpha ((x,y):g) b d 
-                              
+     (Prod _ x a b, Prod _ y c d) -> alpha g c a && alpha ((x,y):g) b d
+
      -- record subtyping
-     (RecType rs, RecType ts) -> all (\ (l,a) -> 
-                                   any (\ (k,b) -> alpha g a b && l == k) ts) rs
+     (RecType rs, RecType ts) -> all (\ (l,a) ->
+                                   any (\ (k,b) -> l == k && alpha g a b) ts) rs
      (ExtR r s, ExtR r' s') -> alpha g r r' && alpha g s s'
      (ExtR r s, t) -> alpha g r t || alpha g s t
 
      -- the following say that Ints n is a subset of Int and of Ints m >= n
-     (t,u) | Just m <- isTypeInts t, Just n <- isTypeInts t -> m >= n
+     -- But why does it also allow Int as a subtype of Ints m? /TH 2014-04-04
+     (t,u) | Just m <- isTypeInts t, Just n <- isTypeInts u -> m >= n
            | Just _ <- isTypeInts t, u == typeInt           -> True ---- check size!
            | t == typeInt,           Just _ <- isTypeInts u -> True ---- why this ???? AR 11/12/2005
 
      ---- this should be made in Rename
-     (Q  (m,a), Q  (n,b)) | a == b -> elem m (allExtendsPlus gr n) 
+     (Q  (m,a), Q  (n,b)) | a == b -> elem m (allExtendsPlus gr n)
                                    || elem n (allExtendsPlus gr m)
                                    || m == n --- for Predef
-     (QC (m,a), QC (n,b)) | a == b -> elem m (allExtendsPlus gr n) 
+     (QC (m,a), QC (n,b)) | a == b -> elem m (allExtendsPlus gr n)
                                    || elem n (allExtendsPlus gr m)
-     (QC (m,a), Q  (n,b)) | a == b -> elem m (allExtendsPlus gr n) 
+     (QC (m,a), Q  (n,b)) | a == b -> elem m (allExtendsPlus gr n)
                                    || elem n (allExtendsPlus gr m)
-     (Q  (m,a), QC (n,b)) | a == b -> elem m (allExtendsPlus gr n) 
+     (Q  (m,a), QC (n,b)) | a == b -> elem m (allExtendsPlus gr n)
                                    || elem n (allExtendsPlus gr m)
 
-     (Table a b,  Table c d)  -> alpha g a c && alpha g b d
+     -- contravariance
+     (Table a b,  Table c d)  -> alpha g c a && alpha g b d
      (Vr x,       Vr y)       -> x == y || elem (x,y) g || elem (y,x) g
-     _                        -> t == u 
+     _                        -> t == u
      --- the following should be one-way coercions only. AR 4/1/2001
                                   || elem t sTypes && elem u sTypes
-                                  || (t == typeType && u == typePType) 
-                                  || (u == typeType && t == typePType) 
+                                  || (t == typeType && u == typePType)
+                                  || (u == typeType && t == typePType)
 
-   missingLock g t u = case (t,u) of  
-     (RecType rs, RecType ts) -> 
-       let 
-         ls = [l | (l,a) <- rs, 
+   missingLock g t u = case (t,u) of
+     (RecType rs, RecType ts) ->
+       let
+         ls = [l | (l,a) <- rs,
                    not (any (\ (k,b) -> alpha g a b && l == k) ts)]
          (locks,others) = partition isLockLabel ls
        in case others of
-         _:_ -> Bad $ render (text "missing record fields:" <+> fsep (punctuate comma (map ppLabel others)))
+         _:_ -> Bad $ render ("missing record fields:" <+> fsep (punctuate ',' (others)))
          _ -> return locks
      -- contravariance
      (Prod _ x a b, Prod _ y c d) -> do
@@ -696,7 +772,7 @@ termWith t ct = do
   return (t,ty)
 
 -- | compositional check\/infer of binary operations
-check2 :: (Term -> Check Term) -> (Term -> Term -> Term) -> 
+check2 :: (Term -> Check Term) -> (Term -> Term -> Term) ->
           Term -> Term -> Type -> Check (Term,Type)
 check2 chk con a b t = do
   a' <- chk a
@@ -708,14 +784,18 @@ ppType :: Type -> Doc
 ppType ty =
   case ty of
     RecType fs   -> case filter isLockLabel $ map fst fs of
-                      [lock] -> text (drop 5 (showIdent (label2ident lock)))
+                      [lock] -> pp (drop 5 (showIdent (label2ident lock)))
                       _      -> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ty
-    Prod _ x a b -> ppType a <+> text "->" <+> ppType b
+    Prod _ x a b -> ppType a <+> "->" <+> ppType b
     _            -> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ty
-
+{-
+ppqType :: Type -> Type -> Doc
+ppqType t u = case (ppType t, ppType u) of
+  (pt,pu) | render pt == render pu -> ppTerm Qualified 0 t
+  (pt,_) -> pt
+-}
 checkLookup :: Ident -> Context -> Check Type
 checkLookup x g =
   case [ty | (b,y,ty) <- g, x == y] of
-    []     -> checkError (text "unknown variable" <+> ppIdent x)
+    []     -> checkError ("unknown variable" <+> x)
     (ty:_) -> return ty
--}

src/compiler/GF/Compile/TypeCheck/ConcreteNew.hs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}
 module GF.Compile.TypeCheck.ConcreteNew( checkLType, inferLType ) where
 
 -- The code here is based on the paper:
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ import GF.Grammar hiding (Env, VGen, VApp, VRecType)
 import GF.Grammar.Lookup
 import GF.Grammar.Predef
 import GF.Grammar.Lockfield
-import GF.Compile.Compute.ConcreteNew
+import GF.Compile.Compute.Concrete
 import GF.Compile.Compute.Predef(predef,predefName)
 import GF.Infra.CheckM
 import GF.Data.Operations
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ import GF.Text.Pretty
 import Data.List (nub, (\\), tails)
 import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap
 import Data.Maybe(fromMaybe,isNothing)
+import qualified Control.Monad.Fail as Fail
 
 checkLType :: GlobalEnv -> Term -> Type -> Check (Term, Type)
 checkLType ge t ty = runTcM $ do
@@ -131,7 +133,7 @@ tcRho ge scope t@(RecType rs) (Just ty) = do
                          [] -> unifyVar ge scope i env vs vtypePType
                          _  -> return ()
     ty              -> do ty <- zonkTerm =<< tc_value2term (geLoc ge) (scopeVars scope) ty
-                          tcError ("The record type" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 t $$ 
+                          tcError ("The record type" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 t $$
                                    "cannot be of type" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ty)
   (rs,mb_ty) <- tcRecTypeFields ge scope rs (Just ty')
   return (f (RecType rs),ty)
@@ -185,7 +187,7 @@ tcRho ge scope (R rs) (Just ty) = do
   case ty' of
     (VRecType ltys) -> do lttys <- checkRecFields ge scope rs ltys
                           rs <- mapM (\(l,t,ty) -> tc_value2term (geLoc ge) (scopeVars scope) ty >>= \ty -> return (l, (Just ty, t))) lttys
-                          return ((f . R)  rs, 
+                          return ((f . R)  rs,
                                   VRecType [(l, ty) | (l,t,ty) <- lttys]
                                  )
     ty              -> do lttys <- inferRecFields ge scope rs
@@ -275,11 +277,11 @@ tcApp ge scope (App fun arg) =                                  -- APP2
         varg <- liftErr (eval ge (scopeEnv scope) arg)
         return (App fun arg, res_ty varg)
 tcApp ge scope (Q id) =                                          -- VAR (global)
-  mkTcA (lookupOverloadTypes (geGrammar ge) id) `bindTcA` \(t,ty) -> 
+  mkTcA (lookupOverloadTypes (geGrammar ge) id) `bindTcA` \(t,ty) ->
      do ty <- liftErr (eval ge [] ty)
         return (t,ty)
 tcApp ge scope (QC id) =                                         -- VAR (global)
-  mkTcA (lookupOverloadTypes (geGrammar ge) id) `bindTcA` \(t,ty) -> 
+  mkTcA (lookupOverloadTypes (geGrammar ge) id) `bindTcA` \(t,ty) ->
      do ty <- liftErr (eval ge [] ty)
         return (t,ty)
 tcApp ge scope t =
@@ -348,7 +350,7 @@ tcPatt ge scope (PM q) ty0 = do
     Bad err -> tcError (pp err)
 tcPatt ge scope p ty = unimplemented ("tcPatt "++show p)
 
-inferRecFields ge scope rs = 
+inferRecFields ge scope rs =
   mapM (\(l,r) -> tcRecField ge scope l r Nothing) rs
 
 checkRecFields ge scope []          ltys
@@ -366,7 +368,7 @@ checkRecFields ge scope ((l,t):lts) ltys =
   where
     takeIt l1 []  = (Nothing, [])
     takeIt l1 (lty@(l2,ty):ltys)
-      | l1 == l2  = (Just ty,ltys) 
+      | l1 == l2  = (Just ty,ltys)
       | otherwise = let (mb_ty,ltys') = takeIt l1 ltys
                     in (mb_ty,lty:ltys')
 
@@ -388,7 +390,7 @@ tcRecTypeFields ge scope ((l,ty):rs) mb_ty = do
                | s == cPType -> return mb_ty
              VMeta _ _ _     -> return mb_ty
              _               -> do sort <- zonkTerm =<< tc_value2term (geLoc ge) (scopeVars scope) sort
-                                   tcError ("The record type field" <+> l <+> ':' <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ty $$ 
+                                   tcError ("The record type field" <+> l <+> ':' <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ty $$
                                             "cannot be of type" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 sort)
   (rs,mb_ty) <- tcRecTypeFields ge scope rs mb_ty
   return ((l,ty):rs,mb_ty)
@@ -442,11 +444,11 @@ subsCheckRho ge scope t (VApp p1 _) (VApp p2 _)                         -- Rule
   | predefName p1 == cInts && predefName p2 == cInt = return t
 subsCheckRho ge scope t (VApp p1 [VInt i]) (VApp p2 [VInt j])           -- Rule INT2
   | predefName p1 == cInts && predefName p2 == cInts =
-      if i <= j 
+      if i <= j
         then return t
         else tcError ("Ints" <+> i <+> "is not a subtype of" <+> "Ints" <+> j)
 subsCheckRho ge scope t ty1@(VRecType rs1) ty2@(VRecType rs2) = do      -- Rule REC
-  let mkAccess scope t = 
+  let mkAccess scope t =
         case t of
           ExtR t1 t2 -> do (scope,mkProj1,mkWrap1) <- mkAccess scope t1
                            (scope,mkProj2,mkWrap2) <- mkAccess scope t2
@@ -555,7 +557,7 @@ unify ge scope v (VMeta i env vs) = unifyVar ge scope i env vs v
 unify ge scope v1 v2 = do
   t1 <- zonkTerm =<< tc_value2term (geLoc ge) (scopeVars scope) v1
   t2 <- zonkTerm =<< tc_value2term (geLoc ge) (scopeVars scope) v2
-  tcError ("Cannot unify terms:" <+> (ppTerm Unqualified 0 t1 $$ 
+  tcError ("Cannot unify terms:" <+> (ppTerm Unqualified 0 t1 $$
                                       ppTerm Unqualified 0 t2))
 
 -- | Invariant: tv1 is a flexible type variable
@@ -607,7 +609,7 @@ quantify ge scope t tvs ty0 = do
   ty <- tc_value2term (geLoc ge) (scopeVars scope) ty0
   let used_bndrs = nub (bndrs ty)  -- Avoid quantified type variables in use
       new_bndrs  = take (length tvs) (allBinders \\ used_bndrs)
-  mapM_ bind (tvs `zip` new_bndrs)   -- 'bind' is just a cunning way 
+  mapM_ bind (tvs `zip` new_bndrs)   -- 'bind' is just a cunning way
   ty <- zonkTerm ty                  -- of doing the substitution
   vty <- liftErr (eval ge [] (foldr (\v ty -> Prod Implicit v typeType ty) ty new_bndrs))
   return (foldr (Abs Implicit) t new_bndrs,vty)
@@ -617,7 +619,7 @@ quantify ge scope t tvs ty0 = do
     bndrs (Prod _ x t1 t2) = [x] ++ bndrs t1  ++ bndrs t2
     bndrs _                = []
 
-allBinders :: [Ident]    -- a,b,..z, a1, b1,... z1, a2, b2,... 
+allBinders :: [Ident]    -- a,b,..z, a1, b1,... z1, a2, b2,...
 allBinders = [ identS [x]          | x <- ['a'..'z'] ] ++
              [ identS (x : show i) | i <- [1 :: Integer ..], x <- ['a'..'z']]
 
@@ -646,8 +648,16 @@ instance Monad TcM where
   f >>= g  = TcM (\ms msgs -> case unTcM f ms msgs of
                                 TcOk x ms msgs -> unTcM (g x) ms msgs
                                 TcFail    msgs -> TcFail msgs)
+
+#if !(MIN_VERSION_base(4,13,0))
+  -- Monad(fail) will be removed in GHC 8.8+
+  fail = Fail.fail
+#endif
+
+instance Fail.MonadFail TcM where
   fail     = tcError . pp
 
+
 instance Applicative TcM where
   pure = return
   (<*>) = ap
@@ -678,12 +688,12 @@ runTcM f = case unTcM f IntMap.empty [] of
              TcFail (msg:msgs) -> do checkWarnings msgs; checkError msg
 
 newMeta :: Scope -> Sigma -> TcM MetaId
-newMeta scope ty = TcM (\ms msgs -> 
+newMeta scope ty = TcM (\ms msgs ->
   let i = IntMap.size ms
   in TcOk i (IntMap.insert i (Unbound scope ty) ms) msgs)
 
 getMeta :: MetaId -> TcM MetaValue
-getMeta i = TcM (\ms msgs -> 
+getMeta i = TcM (\ms msgs ->
   case IntMap.lookup i ms of
     Just mv -> TcOk mv ms msgs
     Nothing -> TcFail (("Unknown metavariable" <+> ppMeta i) : msgs))
@@ -692,7 +702,7 @@ setMeta :: MetaId -> MetaValue -> TcM ()
 setMeta i mv = TcM (\ms msgs -> TcOk () (IntMap.insert i mv ms) msgs)
 
 newVar :: Scope -> Ident
-newVar scope = head [x | i <- [1..], 
+newVar scope = head [x | i <- [1..],
                          let x = identS ('v':show i),
                          isFree scope x]
   where
@@ -711,7 +721,7 @@ getMetaVars loc sc_tys = do
   return (foldr go [] tys)
   where
     -- Get the MetaIds from a term; no duplicates in result
-    go (Vr tv)    acc = acc 
+    go (Vr tv)    acc = acc
     go (App x y)  acc = go x (go y acc)
     go (Meta i)   acc
 	  | i `elem` acc  = acc
@@ -731,7 +741,7 @@ getFreeVars loc sc_tys = do
   tys <- mapM (\(scope,ty) -> zonkTerm =<< tc_value2term loc (scopeVars scope) ty) sc_tys
   return (foldr (go []) [] tys)
   where
-    go bound (Vr tv)            acc 
+    go bound (Vr tv)            acc
 	  | tv `elem` bound             = acc
 	  | tv `elem` acc               = acc
 	  | otherwise                   = tv : acc
@@ -761,7 +771,7 @@ tc_value2term loc xs v =
 
 
 
-data TcA x a 
+data TcA x a
   = TcSingle   (MetaStore -> [Message] -> TcResult a)
   | TcMany [x] (MetaStore -> [Message] -> [(a,MetaStore,[Message])])
 

src/compiler/GF/Compile/TypeCheck/RConcrete.hs

@@ -1,761 +0,0 @@
-{-# LANGUAGE PatternGuards #-}
-module GF.Compile.TypeCheck.RConcrete( checkLType, inferLType, computeLType, ppType ) where
-import Prelude hiding ((<>)) -- GHC 8.4.1 clash with Text.PrettyPrint
-
-import GF.Infra.CheckM
-import GF.Data.Operations
-
-import GF.Grammar
-import GF.Grammar.Lookup
-import GF.Grammar.Predef
-import GF.Grammar.PatternMatch
-import GF.Grammar.Lockfield (isLockLabel, lockRecType, unlockRecord)
-import GF.Compile.TypeCheck.Primitives
-
-import Data.List
-import Control.Monad
-import GF.Text.Pretty
-
-computeLType :: SourceGrammar -> Context -> Type -> Check Type
-computeLType gr g0 t = comp (reverse [(b,x, Vr x) | (b,x,_) <- g0] ++ g0) t
- where
-  comp g ty = case ty of
-    _ | Just _ <- isTypeInts ty -> return ty ---- shouldn't be needed
-      | isPredefConstant ty     -> return ty ---- shouldn't be needed
-
-    Q (m,ident) -> checkIn ("module" <+> m) $ do
-      ty' <- lookupResDef gr (m,ident)
-      if ty' == ty then return ty else comp g ty' --- is this necessary to test?
-
-    AdHocOverload ts -> do
-     over <- getOverload gr g (Just typeType) t
-     case over of
-       Just (tr,_) -> return tr
-       _ -> checkError ("unresolved overloading of constants" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 t) 
-
-    Vr ident  -> checkLookup ident g -- never needed to compute!
-
-    App f a -> do
-      f' <- comp g f
-      a' <- comp g a
-      case f' of
-        Abs b x t -> comp ((b,x,a'):g) t
-        _ -> return $ App f' a'
-
-    Prod bt x a b -> do
-      a' <- comp g a
-      b' <- comp ((bt,x,Vr x) : g) b
-      return $ Prod bt x a' b'
-
-    Abs bt x b -> do
-      b' <- comp ((bt,x,Vr x):g) b
-      return $ Abs bt x b'
-
-    Let (x,(_,a)) b -> comp ((Explicit,x,a):g) b
-
-    ExtR r s -> do
-      r' <- comp g r
-      s' <- comp g s
-      case (r',s') of
-        (RecType rs, RecType ss) -> plusRecType r' s' >>= comp g
-        _ -> return $ ExtR r' s'
-
-    RecType fs -> do
-      let fs' = sortRec fs
-      liftM RecType $ mapPairsM (comp g) fs'
-
-    ELincat c t -> do
-      t' <- comp g t
-      lockRecType c t' ---- locking to be removed AR 20/6/2009
-
-    _ | ty == typeTok -> return typeStr
-    _ | isPredefConstant ty -> return ty
-
-    _ -> composOp (comp g) ty
-
--- the underlying algorithms
-
-inferLType :: SourceGrammar -> Context -> Term -> Check (Term, Type)
-inferLType gr g trm = case trm of
-
-   Q (m,ident) | isPredef m -> termWith trm $ case typPredefined ident of
-                                                Just ty -> return ty
-                                                Nothing -> checkError ("unknown in Predef:" <+> ident)
-
-   Q ident -> checks [
-     termWith trm $ lookupResType gr ident >>= computeLType gr g
-     ,
-     lookupResDef gr ident >>= inferLType gr g
-     ,
-     checkError ("cannot infer type of constant" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
-     ]
-
-   QC (m,ident) | isPredef m -> termWith trm $ case typPredefined ident of
-                                                 Just ty -> return ty
-                                                 Nothing -> checkError ("unknown in Predef:" <+> ident)
-
-   QC ident -> checks [
-       termWith trm $ lookupResType gr ident >>= computeLType gr g
-       ,
-       lookupResDef gr ident >>= inferLType gr g
-       ,
-       checkError ("cannot infer type of canonical constant" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
-       ]
-
-   Vr ident -> termWith trm $ checkLookup ident g
-
-   Typed e t -> do
-     t' <- computeLType gr g t
-     checkLType gr g e t'
-
-   AdHocOverload ts -> do
-     over <- getOverload gr g Nothing trm
-     case over of
-       Just trty -> return trty
-       _ -> checkError ("unresolved overloading of constants" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 trm) 
-
-   App f a -> do
-     over <- getOverload gr g Nothing trm
-     case over of
-       Just trty -> return trty
-       _ -> do
-         (f',fty) <- inferLType gr g f
-         fty' <- computeLType gr g fty
-         case fty' of
-           Prod bt z arg val -> do 
-             a' <- justCheck g a arg
-             ty <- if isWildIdent z 
-                      then return val
-                      else substituteLType [(bt,z,a')] val
-             return (App f' a',ty) 
-           _ -> checkError ("A function type is expected for" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 f <+> "instead of type" <+> ppType fty)
-
-   S f x -> do
-     (f', fty) <- inferLType gr g f
-     case fty of
-       Table arg val -> do
-         x'<- justCheck g x arg
-         return (S f' x', val)
-       _ -> checkError ("table lintype expected for the table in" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm))
-
-   P t i -> do
-     (t',ty) <- inferLType gr g t   --- ??
-     ty' <- computeLType gr g ty
-     let tr2 = P t' i
-     termWith tr2 $ case ty' of
-       RecType ts -> case lookup i ts of
-                       Nothing -> checkError ("unknown label" <+> i <+> "in" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 ty'))
-                       Just x  -> return x
-       _          -> checkError ("record type expected for:" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 t $$
-                                 " instead of the inferred:" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ty')
-
-   R r -> do
-     let (ls,fs) = unzip r
-     fsts <- mapM inferM fs
-     let ts = [ty | (Just ty,_) <- fsts]
-     checkCond ("cannot infer type of record" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)) (length ts == length fsts)
-     return $ (R (zip ls fsts), RecType (zip ls ts))
-
-   T (TTyped arg) pts -> do
-     (_,val) <- checks $ map (inferCase (Just arg)) pts
-     checkLType gr g trm (Table arg val)
-   T (TComp arg) pts -> do
-     (_,val) <- checks $ map (inferCase (Just arg)) pts
-     checkLType gr g trm (Table arg val)
-   T ti pts -> do  -- tries to guess: good in oper type inference
-     let pts' = [pt | pt@(p,_) <- pts, isConstPatt p]
-     case pts' of 
-       [] -> checkError ("cannot infer table type of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
-----       PInt k : _ -> return $ Ints $ max [i | PInt i <- pts'] 
-       _  -> do 
-         (arg,val) <- checks $ map (inferCase Nothing) pts'
-         checkLType gr g trm (Table arg val)
-   V arg pts -> do
-     (_,val) <- checks $ map (inferLType gr g) pts
---   return (trm, Table arg val) -- old, caused issue 68
-     checkLType gr g trm (Table arg val)
-
-   K s  -> do
-     if elem ' ' s
-        then do
-          let ss = foldr C Empty (map K (words s))  
-          ----- removed irritating warning AR 24/5/2008
-          ----- checkWarn ("token \"" ++ s ++ 
-          -----              "\" converted to token list" ++ prt ss)
-          return (ss, typeStr)
-        else return (trm, typeStr)
-
-   EInt i -> return (trm, typeInt)
-
-   EFloat i -> return (trm, typeFloat)
-
-   Empty -> return (trm, typeStr)
-
-   C s1 s2 -> 
-     check2 (flip (justCheck g) typeStr) C s1 s2 typeStr
-
-   Glue s1 s2 -> 
-     check2 (flip (justCheck g) typeStr) Glue s1 s2 typeStr ---- typeTok
-
----- hack from Rename.identRenameTerm, to live with files with naming conflicts 18/6/2007
-   Strs (Cn c : ts) | c == cConflict -> do
-     checkWarn ("unresolved constant, could be any of" <+> hcat (map (ppTerm Unqualified 0) ts))
-     inferLType gr g (head ts)
-
-   Strs ts -> do
-     ts' <- mapM (\t -> justCheck g t typeStr) ts 
-     return (Strs ts', typeStrs)
-
-   Alts t aa -> do
-     t'  <- justCheck g t typeStr
-     aa' <- flip mapM aa (\ (c,v) -> do
-        c' <- justCheck g c typeStr 
-        v' <- checks $ map (justCheck g v) [typeStrs, EPattType typeStr]
-        return (c',v'))
-     return (Alts t' aa', typeStr)
-
-   RecType r -> do
-     let (ls,ts) = unzip r
-     ts' <- mapM (flip (justCheck g) typeType) ts 
-     return (RecType (zip ls ts'), typeType)
-
-   ExtR r s -> do
-     (r',rT) <- inferLType gr g r 
-     rT'     <- computeLType gr g rT
-     (s',sT) <- inferLType gr g s
-     sT'     <- computeLType gr g sT
-
-     let trm' = ExtR r' s'
-     case (rT', sT') of
-       (RecType rs, RecType ss) -> do
-         let rt = RecType ([field | field@(l,_) <- rs, notElem l (map fst ss)] ++ ss) -- select types of later fields 
-         checkLType gr g trm' rt ---- return (trm', rt)
-       _ | rT' == typeType && sT' == typeType -> do
-         return (trm', typeType)
-       _ -> checkError ("records or record types expected in" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
-
-   Sort _     -> 
-     termWith trm $ return typeType
-
-   Prod bt x a b -> do
-     a' <- justCheck g a typeType
-     b' <- justCheck ((bt,x,a'):g) b typeType
-     return (Prod bt x a' b', typeType)
-
-   Table p t  -> do
-     p' <- justCheck g p typeType --- check p partype! 
-     t' <- justCheck g t typeType
-     return $ (Table p' t', typeType)
-
-   FV vs -> do
-     (_,ty) <- checks $ map (inferLType gr g) vs
----     checkIfComplexVariantType trm ty
-     checkLType gr g trm ty
-
-   EPattType ty -> do
-     ty' <- justCheck g ty typeType
-     return (EPattType ty',typeType)
-   EPatt p -> do
-     ty <- inferPatt p
-     return (trm, EPattType ty)
-
-   ELin c trm -> do
-     (trm',ty) <- inferLType gr g trm
-     ty' <- lockRecType c ty ---- lookup c; remove lock AR 20/6/2009
-     return $ (ELin c trm', ty') 
-
-   _ -> checkError ("cannot infer lintype of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm)
-
- where
-   isPredef m = elem m [cPredef,cPredefAbs]
-
-   justCheck g ty te = checkLType gr g ty te >>= return . fst
-
-   -- for record fields, which may be typed
-   inferM (mty, t) = do
-     (t', ty') <- case mty of
-       Just ty -> checkLType gr g t ty
-       _ -> inferLType gr g t
-     return (Just ty',t')
-
-   inferCase mty (patt,term) = do
-     arg  <- maybe (inferPatt patt) return mty
-     cont <- pattContext gr g arg patt
-     (_,val) <- inferLType gr (reverse cont ++ g) term
-     return (arg,val)
-   isConstPatt p = case p of
-     PC _ ps -> True --- all isConstPatt ps
-     PP _ ps -> True --- all isConstPatt ps
-     PR ps -> all (isConstPatt . snd) ps
-     PT _ p -> isConstPatt p
-     PString _ -> True
-     PInt _ -> True
-     PFloat _ -> True
-     PChar -> True
-     PChars _ -> True
-     PSeq p q -> isConstPatt p && isConstPatt q
-     PAlt p q -> isConstPatt p && isConstPatt q
-     PRep p -> isConstPatt p
-     PNeg p -> isConstPatt p
-     PAs _ p -> isConstPatt p
-     _ -> False
-
-   inferPatt p = case p of
-     PP (q,c) ps | q /= cPredef -> liftM valTypeCnc (lookupResType gr (q,c))
-     PAs _ p  -> inferPatt p
-     PNeg p   -> inferPatt p
-     PAlt p q -> checks [inferPatt p, inferPatt q]
-     PSeq _ _ -> return $ typeStr
-     PRep _   -> return $ typeStr
-     PChar    -> return $ typeStr
-     PChars _ -> return $ typeStr
-     _ -> inferLType gr g (patt2term p) >>= return . snd
-
--- type inference: Nothing, type checking: Just t
--- the latter permits matching with value type
-getOverload :: SourceGrammar -> Context -> Maybe Type -> Term -> Check (Maybe (Term,Type))
-getOverload gr g mt ot = case appForm ot of
-     (f@(Q c), ts) -> case lookupOverload gr c of
-       Ok typs -> do
-         ttys <- mapM (inferLType gr g) ts
-         v <- matchOverload f typs ttys
-         return $ Just v
-       _ -> return Nothing
-     (AdHocOverload cs@(f:_), ts) -> do     --- the function name f is only used in error messages
-       let typs = concatMap collectOverloads cs
-       ttys <- mapM (inferLType gr g) ts
-       v <- matchOverload f typs ttys
-       return $ Just v
-     _ -> return Nothing
-
- where
-   collectOverloads tr@(Q c) = case lookupOverload gr c of 
-     Ok typs -> typs
-     _ -> case lookupResType gr c of
-       Ok ty -> let (args,val) = typeFormCnc ty in [(map (\(b,x,t) -> t) args,(val,tr))]
-       _ -> []
-   collectOverloads _ = [] --- constructors QC
-
-   matchOverload f typs ttys = do
-     let (tts,tys) = unzip ttys
-     let vfs = lookupOverloadInstance tys typs
-     let matches = [vf | vf@((_,v,_),_) <- vfs, matchVal mt v]
-     let showTypes ty = hsep (map ppType ty)
-
-    
-     let (stys,styps) = (showTypes tys, [showTypes ty | (ty,_) <- typs])
-
-     -- to avoid strange error msg e.g. in case of unmatch record extension, show whole types if needed AR 28/1/2013
-     let (stysError,stypsError) = if elem (render stys) (map render styps)
-            then (hsep (map (ppTerm Unqualified 0) tys), [hsep (map (ppTerm Unqualified 0) ty) | (ty,_) <- typs])
-            else (stys,styps)
-
-     case ([vf | (vf,True) <- matches],[vf | (vf,False) <- matches]) of
-       ([(_,val,fun)],_) -> return (mkApp fun tts, val)
-       ([],[(pre,val,fun)]) -> do
-         checkWarn $  "ignoring lock fields in resolving" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ot $$
-                      "for" $$
-                      nest 2 (showTypes tys) $$
-                      "using" $$
-                      nest 2 (showTypes pre)
-         return (mkApp fun tts, val)
-       ([],[]) -> do
-         checkError $ "no overload instance of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 f $$
-                      "for" $$
-                      nest 2 stysError $$
-                      "among" $$
-                      nest 2 (vcat stypsError) $$
-                      maybe empty (\x -> "with value type" <+> ppType x) mt
-
-       (vfs1,vfs2) -> case (noProds vfs1,noProds vfs2) of
-         ([(val,fun)],_) -> do
-           return (mkApp fun tts, val)
-         ([],[(val,fun)]) -> do
-           checkWarn ("ignoring lock fields in resolving" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ot) 
-           return (mkApp fun tts, val)
-
------ unsafely exclude irritating warning AR 24/5/2008
------           checkWarn $ "overloading of" +++ prt f +++ 
------             "resolved by excluding partial applications:" ++++
------             unlines [prtType env ty | (ty,_) <- vfs', not (noProd ty)]
-
---- now forgiving ambiguity with a warning AR 1/2/2014
---  This gives ad hoc overloading the same behaviour as the choice of the first match in renaming did before. 
---  But it also gives a chance to ambiguous overloadings that were banned before. 
-         (nps1,nps2) -> do 
-              checkWarn $  "ambiguous overloading of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 f <+>
-                  ----     "with argument types" <+> hsep (map (ppTerm Qualified 0) tys) $$ 
-                           "resolved by selecting the first of the alternatives" $$
-                           nest 2 (vcat [ppTerm Qualified 0 fun | (_,ty,fun) <- vfs1 ++ if null vfs1 then vfs2 else []])
-              case [(mkApp fun tts,val) | (val,fun) <- nps1 ++ nps2] of
-                 [] -> checkError $ "no alternatives left when resolving" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 f
-                 h:_ -> return h
-
-   matchVal mt v = elem mt [Nothing,Just v,Just (unlocked v)]
-
-   unlocked v = case v of
-     RecType fs -> RecType $ filter (not . isLockLabel . fst) fs
-     _ -> v
-   ---- TODO: accept subtypes
-   ---- TODO: use a trie
-   lookupOverloadInstance tys typs = 
-     [((pre,mkFunType rest val, t),isExact) | 
-       let lt = length tys,
-       (ty,(val,t)) <- typs, length ty >= lt,
-       let (pre,rest) = splitAt lt ty, 
-       let isExact = pre == tys,
-       isExact || map unlocked pre == map unlocked tys
-     ]
-
-   noProds vfs = [(v,f) | (_,v,f) <- vfs, noProd v]
-
-   noProd ty = case ty of
-     Prod _ _ _ _ -> False
-     _ -> True
-
-checkLType :: SourceGrammar -> Context -> Term -> Type -> Check (Term, Type)
-checkLType gr g trm typ0 = do
-  typ <- computeLType gr g typ0
-
-  case trm of
-
-    Abs bt x c -> do
-      case typ of
-        Prod bt' z a b -> do 
-          (c',b') <- if isWildIdent z
-                       then checkLType gr ((bt,x,a):g) c b
-                       else do b' <- checkIn (pp "abs") $ substituteLType [(bt',z,Vr x)] b
-                               checkLType gr ((bt,x,a):g) c b'
-          return $ (Abs bt x c', Prod bt' z a b')
-        _ -> checkError $ "function type expected instead of" <+> ppType typ
-
-    App f a -> do
-       over <- getOverload gr g (Just typ) trm
-       case over of
-         Just trty -> return trty
-         _ -> do
-          (trm',ty') <- inferLType gr g trm
-          termWith trm' $ checkEqLType gr g typ ty' trm'
-
-    AdHocOverload ts -> do
-      over <- getOverload gr g Nothing trm
-      case over of
-        Just trty -> return trty
-        _ -> checkError ("unresolved overloading of constants" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 trm) 
-
-    Q _ -> do
-       over <- getOverload gr g (Just typ) trm
-       case over of
-         Just trty -> return trty
-         _ -> do
-          (trm',ty') <- inferLType gr g trm
-          termWith trm' $ checkEqLType gr g typ ty' trm'
-
-    T _ [] ->
-      checkError ("found empty table in type" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ)
-    T _ cs -> case typ of 
-      Table arg val -> do 
-        case allParamValues gr arg of
-          Ok vs -> do
-            let ps0 = map fst cs
-            ps <- testOvershadow ps0 vs
-            if null ps 
-              then return () 
-              else checkWarn ("patterns never reached:" $$
-                              nest 2 (vcat (map (ppPatt Unqualified 0) ps)))
-          _ -> return () -- happens with variable types
-        cs' <- mapM (checkCase arg val) cs
-        return (T (TTyped arg) cs', typ)
-      _ -> checkError $ "table type expected for table instead of" $$ nest 2 (ppType typ)
-    V arg0 vs ->
-      case typ of
-        Table arg1 val ->
-           do arg' <- checkEqLType gr g arg0 arg1 trm
-              vs1 <- allParamValues gr arg1
-              if length vs1 == length vs
-                 then return ()
-                 else checkError $ "wrong number of values in table" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm
-              vs' <- map fst `fmap` sequence [checkLType gr g v val|v<-vs]
-              return (V arg' vs',typ)
-
-    R r -> case typ of --- why needed? because inference may be too difficult
-       RecType rr -> do
-       --let (ls,_) = unzip rr        -- labels of expected type
-         fsts <- mapM (checkM r) rr   -- check that they are found in the record
-         return $ (R fsts, typ)       -- normalize record
-
-       _ -> checkError ("record type expected in type checking instead of" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ))
-
-    ExtR r s -> case typ of
-       _ | typ == typeType -> do
-         trm' <- computeLType gr g trm
-         case trm' of
-           RecType _ -> termWith trm' $ return typeType
-           ExtR (Vr _) (RecType _) -> termWith trm' $ return typeType 
-                                      -- ext t = t ** ...
-           _ -> checkError ("invalid record type extension" <+> nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm))
-
-       RecType rr -> do
-
-         ll2 <- case s of
-           R ss -> return $ map fst ss
-           _ -> do
-             (s',typ2) <- inferLType gr g s
-             case typ2 of
-               RecType ss -> return $ map fst ss
-               _ ->  checkError ("cannot get labels from" $$ nest 2 (ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ2))
-         let ll1 = [l | (l,_) <- rr, notElem l ll2]
-         (r',_) <- checkLType gr g r (RecType [field | field@(l,_) <- rr, elem l ll1])
-         (s',_) <- checkLType gr g s (RecType [field | field@(l,_) <- rr, elem l ll2])
-
-         let rec = R ([(l,(Nothing,P r' l)) | l <- ll1] ++ [(l,(Nothing,P s' l)) | l <- ll2])
-         return (rec, typ)
-
-       ExtR ty ex -> do
-         r' <- justCheck g r ty
-         s' <- justCheck g s ex
-         return $ (ExtR r' s', typ) --- is this all? it assumes the same division in trm and typ
-
-       _ -> checkError ("record extension not meaningful for" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ)
-
-    FV vs -> do
-      ttys <- mapM (flip (checkLType gr g) typ) vs
----      checkIfComplexVariantType trm typ
-      return (FV (map fst ttys), typ) --- typ' ?
-
-    S tab arg -> checks [ do
-      (tab',ty) <- inferLType gr g tab
-      ty'       <- computeLType gr g ty
-      case ty' of
-        Table p t -> do
-          (arg',val) <- checkLType gr g arg p
-          checkEqLType gr g typ t trm
-          return (S tab' arg', t)
-        _ -> checkError ("table type expected for applied table instead of" <+> ppType ty')
-     , do
-      (arg',ty) <- inferLType gr g arg
-      ty'       <- computeLType gr g ty
-      (tab',_)  <- checkLType gr g tab (Table ty' typ)
-      return (S tab' arg', typ)
-      ]
-    Let (x,(mty,def)) body -> case mty of
-      Just ty -> do
-        (ty0,_)    <- checkLType gr g ty typeType
-        (def',ty') <- checkLType gr g def ty0
-        body' <- justCheck ((Explicit,x,ty'):g) body typ
-        return (Let (x,(Just ty',def')) body', typ)
-      _ -> do
-        (def',ty) <- inferLType gr g def  -- tries to infer type of local constant
-        checkLType gr g (Let (x,(Just ty,def')) body) typ
-
-    ELin c tr -> do
-      tr1 <- unlockRecord c tr
-      checkLType gr g tr1 typ
-
-    _ -> do
-      (trm',ty') <- inferLType gr g trm
-      termWith trm' $ checkEqLType gr g typ ty' trm'
- where
-   justCheck g ty te = checkLType gr g ty te >>= return . fst
-{-
-   recParts rr t = (RecType rr1,RecType rr2) where 
-     (rr1,rr2) = partition (flip elem (map fst t) . fst) rr 
--}
-   checkM rms (l,ty) = case lookup l rms of
-     Just (Just ty0,t) -> do
-       checkEqLType gr g ty ty0 t
-       (t',ty') <- checkLType gr g t ty
-       return (l,(Just ty',t'))
-     Just (_,t) -> do
-       (t',ty') <- checkLType gr g t ty
-       return (l,(Just ty',t'))
-     _ -> checkError $ 
-            if isLockLabel l 
-              then let cat = drop 5 (showIdent (label2ident l))
-                   in ppTerm Unqualified 0 (R rms) <+> "is not in the lincat of" <+> cat <> 
-                      "; try wrapping it with lin" <+> cat
-              else "cannot find value for label" <+> l <+> "in" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 (R rms)
-
-   checkCase arg val (p,t) = do
-     cont <- pattContext gr g arg p
-     t' <- justCheck (reverse cont ++ g) t val
-     return (p,t')
-
-pattContext :: SourceGrammar -> Context -> Type -> Patt -> Check Context
-pattContext env g typ p = case p of
-  PV x -> return [(Explicit,x,typ)]
-  PP (q,c) ps | q /= cPredef -> do ---- why this /=? AR 6/1/2006
-    t <- lookupResType env (q,c)
-    let (cont,v) = typeFormCnc t
-    checkCond ("wrong number of arguments for constructor in" <+> ppPatt Unqualified 0 p) 
-              (length cont == length ps)
-    checkEqLType env g typ v (patt2term p)
-    mapM (\((_,_,ty),p) -> pattContext env g ty p) (zip cont ps) >>= return . concat
-  PR r -> do
-    typ' <- computeLType env g typ
-    case typ' of
-      RecType t -> do
-        let pts = [(ty,tr) | (l,tr) <- r, Just ty <- [lookup l t]]
-        ----- checkWarn $ prt p ++++ show pts ----- debug
-        mapM (uncurry (pattContext env g)) pts >>= return . concat
-      _ -> checkError ("record type expected for pattern instead of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 typ')
-  PT t p' -> do
-    checkEqLType env g typ t (patt2term p')
-    pattContext env g typ p'
-
-  PAs x p -> do
-    g' <- pattContext env g typ p
-    return ((Explicit,x,typ):g')
-
-  PAlt p' q -> do
-    g1 <- pattContext env g typ p'
-    g2 <- pattContext env g typ q
-    let pts = nub ([x | pt@(_,x,_) <- g1, notElem pt g2] ++ [x | pt@(_,x,_) <- g2, notElem pt g1])
-    checkCond 
-      ("incompatible bindings of" <+>
-       fsep pts <+> 
-       "in pattern alterantives" <+> ppPatt Unqualified 0 p) (null pts) 
-    return g1 -- must be g1 == g2
-  PSeq p q -> do
-    g1 <- pattContext env g typ p
-    g2 <- pattContext env g typ q
-    return $ g1 ++ g2
-  PRep p' -> noBind typeStr p'
-  PNeg p' -> noBind typ p'
-
-  _ -> return [] ---- check types!
- where 
-   noBind typ p' = do
-    co <- pattContext env g typ p'
-    if not (null co)
-      then checkWarn ("no variable bound inside pattern" <+> ppPatt Unqualified 0 p) 
-           >> return []
-      else return []
-
-checkEqLType :: SourceGrammar -> Context -> Type -> Type -> Term -> Check Type
-checkEqLType gr g t u trm = do
-  (b,t',u',s) <- checkIfEqLType gr g t u trm
-  case b of
-    True  -> return t'
-    False -> checkError $ s <+> "type of" <+> ppTerm Unqualified 0 trm $$
-                          "expected:" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 t $$ -- ppqType t u $$
-                          "inferred:" <+> ppTerm Qualified 0 u -- ppqType u t
-
-checkIfEqLType :: SourceGrammar -> Context -> Type -> Type -> Term -> Check (Bool,Type,Type,String)
-checkIfEqLType gr g t u trm = do
-  t' <- computeLType gr g t
-  u' <- computeLType gr g u
-  case t' == u' || alpha [] t' u' of
-    True -> return (True,t',u',[])
-    -- forgive missing lock fields by only generating a warning.
-    --- better: use a flag to forgive? (AR 31/1/2006)
-    _ -> case missingLock [] t' u' of
-      Ok lo -> do
-        checkWarn $ "missing lock field" <+> fsep lo
-        return (True,t',u',[])
-      Bad s -> return (False,t',u',s)
-
-  where
-
-   -- check that u is a subtype of t
-   --- quick hack version of TC.eqVal
-   alpha g t u = case (t,u) of  
-
-     -- error (the empty type!) is subtype of any other type
-     (_,u) | u == typeError -> True
-
-     -- contravariance
-     (Prod _ x a b, Prod _ y c d) -> alpha g c a && alpha ((x,y):g) b d 
-                              
-     -- record subtyping
-     (RecType rs, RecType ts) -> all (\ (l,a) -> 
-                                   any (\ (k,b) -> l == k && alpha g a b) ts) rs
-     (ExtR r s, ExtR r' s') -> alpha g r r' && alpha g s s'
-     (ExtR r s, t) -> alpha g r t || alpha g s t
-
-     -- the following say that Ints n is a subset of Int and of Ints m >= n
-     -- But why does it also allow Int as a subtype of Ints m? /TH 2014-04-04
-     (t,u) | Just m <- isTypeInts t, Just n <- isTypeInts u -> m >= n
-           | Just _ <- isTypeInts t, u == typeInt           -> True ---- check size!
-           | t == typeInt,           Just _ <- isTypeInts u -> True ---- why this ???? AR 11/12/2005
-
-     ---- this should be made in Rename
-     (Q  (m,a), Q  (n,b)) | a == b -> elem m (allExtendsPlus gr n) 
-                                   || elem n (allExtendsPlus gr m)
-                                   || m == n --- for Predef
-     (QC (m,a), QC (n,b)) | a == b -> elem m (allExtendsPlus gr n) 
-                                   || elem n (allExtendsPlus gr m)
-     (QC (m,a), Q  (n,b)) | a == b -> elem m (allExtendsPlus gr n) 
-                                   || elem n (allExtendsPlus gr m)
-     (Q  (m,a), QC (n,b)) | a == b -> elem m (allExtendsPlus gr n) 
-                                   || elem n (allExtendsPlus gr m)
-
-     -- contravariance
-     (Table a b,  Table c d)  -> alpha g c a && alpha g b d
-     (Vr x,       Vr y)       -> x == y || elem (x,y) g || elem (y,x) g
-     _                        -> t == u 
-     --- the following should be one-way coercions only. AR 4/1/2001
-                                  || elem t sTypes && elem u sTypes
-                                  || (t == typeType && u == typePType) 
-                                  || (u == typeType && t == typePType) 
-
-   missingLock g t u = case (t,u) of  
-     (RecType rs, RecType ts) -> 
-       let 
-         ls = [l | (l,a) <- rs, 
-                   not (any (\ (k,b) -> alpha g a b && l == k) ts)]
-         (locks,others) = partition isLockLabel ls
-       in case others of
-         _:_ -> Bad $ render ("missing record fields:" <+> fsep (punctuate ',' (others)))
-         _ -> return locks
-     -- contravariance
-     (Prod _ x a b, Prod _ y c d) -> do
-        ls1 <- missingLock g c a
-        ls2 <- missingLock g b d
-        return $ ls1 ++ ls2
-
-     _ -> Bad ""
-
-   sTypes = [typeStr, typeTok, typeString]
-
--- auxiliaries
-
--- | light-weight substitution for dep. types
-substituteLType :: Context -> Type -> Check Type
-substituteLType g t = case t of
-  Vr x -> return $ maybe t id $ lookup x [(x,t) | (_,x,t) <- g]
-  _ -> composOp (substituteLType g) t
-
-termWith :: Term -> Check Type -> Check (Term, Type)
-termWith t ct = do
-  ty <- ct
-  return (t,ty)
-
--- | compositional check\/infer of binary operations
-check2 :: (Term -> Check Term) -> (Term -> Term -> Term) -> 
-          Term -> Term -> Type -> Check (Term,Type)
-check2 chk con a b t = do
-  a' <- chk a
-  b' <- chk b
-  return (con a' b', t)
-
--- printing a type with a lock field lock_C as C
-ppType :: Type -> Doc
-ppType ty =
-  case ty of
-    RecType fs   -> case filter isLockLabel $ map fst fs of
-                      [lock] -> pp (drop 5 (showIdent (label2ident lock)))
-                      _      -> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ty
-    Prod _ x a b -> ppType a <+> "->" <+> ppType b
-    _            -> ppTerm Unqualified 0 ty
-{-
-ppqType :: Type -> Type -> Doc
-ppqType t u = case (ppType t, ppType u) of
-  (pt,pu) | render pt == render pu -> ppTerm Qualified 0 t
-  (pt,_) -> pt
--}
-checkLookup :: Ident -> Context -> Check Type
-checkLookup x g =
-  case [ty | (b,y,ty) <- g, x == y] of
-    []     -> checkError ("unknown variable" <+> x)
-    (ty:_) -> return ty

src/compiler/GF/Compile/Update.hs

@@ -27,9 +27,10 @@ import Data.List
 import qualified Data.Map as Map
 import Control.Monad
 import GF.Text.Pretty
+import qualified Control.Monad.Fail as Fail
 
 -- | combine a list of definitions into a balanced binary search tree
-buildAnyTree :: Monad m => ModuleName -> [(Ident,Info)] -> m (BinTree Ident Info)
+buildAnyTree :: Fail.MonadFail m => ModuleName -> [(Ident,Info)] -> m (Map.Map Ident Info)
 buildAnyTree m = go Map.empty
   where
     go map []         = return map
@@ -101,16 +102,17 @@ rebuildModule cwd gr mo@(i,mi@(ModInfo mt stat fs_ me mw ops_ med_ msrc_ env_ js
             []  -> return mi{jments=js'}
             j0s -> do
                 m0s <- mapM (lookupModule gr) j0s
-                let notInM0 c _  = all (not . isInBinTree c . jments) m0s
-                let js2 = filterBinTree notInM0 js'
+                let notInM0 c _  = all (not . Map.member c . jments) m0s
+                let js2 = Map.filterWithKey notInM0 js'
                 return mi{jments=js2}
         _ -> return mi
 
     -- add the instance opens to an incomplete module "with" instances
     Just (ext,incl,ops) -> do
       let (infs,insts) = unzip ops
-      let stat' = ifNull MSComplete (const MSIncomplete)
-                    [i | i <- is, notElem i infs]
+      let stat' = if all (flip elem infs) is
+                    then MSComplete
+                    else MSIncomplete
       unless (stat' == MSComplete || stat == MSIncomplete) 
              (checkError ("module" <+> i <+> "remains incomplete"))
       ModInfo mt0 _ fs me' _ ops0 _ fpath _ js <- lookupModule gr ext
@@ -123,8 +125,11 @@ rebuildModule cwd gr mo@(i,mi@(ModInfo mt stat fs_ me mw ops_ med_ msrc_ env_ js
 
       --- check if me is incomplete
       let fs1 = fs `addOptions` fs_                           -- new flags have priority
-      let js0 = [(c,globalizeLoc fpath j) | (c,j) <- tree2list js, isInherited incl c]
-      let js1 = buildTree (tree2list js_ ++ js0)
+      let js0 = Map.mapMaybeWithKey (\c j -> if isInherited incl c
+                                               then Just (globalizeLoc fpath j)
+                                               else Nothing)
+                                    js
+      let js1 = Map.union js0 js_
       let med1= nub (ext : infs ++ insts ++ med_)
       return $ ModInfo mt0 stat' fs1 me Nothing ops1 med1 msrc_ env_ js1
 
@@ -135,14 +140,14 @@ rebuildModule cwd gr mo@(i,mi@(ModInfo mt stat fs_ me mw ops_ med_ msrc_ env_ js
 -- If the extended module is incomplete, its judgements are just copied.
 extendMod :: Grammar ->
              Bool -> (Module,Ident -> Bool) -> ModuleName ->
-             BinTree Ident Info -> Check (BinTree Ident Info)
+             Map.Map Ident Info -> Check (Map.Map Ident Info)
 extendMod gr isCompl ((name,mi),cond) base new = foldM try new $ Map.toList (jments mi) 
   where
     try new (c,i0)
       | not (cond c) = return new
       | otherwise    = case Map.lookup c new of
                          Just j -> case unifyAnyInfo name i j of
-		                     Ok k  -> return $ updateTree (c,k) new
+		                     Ok k  -> return $ Map.insert c k new
 		                     Bad _ -> do (base,j) <- case j of 
 		                                               AnyInd _ m -> lookupOrigInfo gr (m,c)
 		                                               _          -> return (base,j)
@@ -155,8 +160,8 @@ extendMod gr isCompl ((name,mi),cond) base new = foldM try new $ Map.toList (jme
 		                                             nest 4 (ppJudgement Qualified (c,j)) $$
 		                                             "in module" <+> base)
                          Nothing-> if isCompl
-                                     then return $ updateTree (c,indirInfo name i) new
-                                     else return $ updateTree (c,i) new
+                                     then return $ Map.insert c (indirInfo name i) new
+                                     else return $ Map.insert c i new
       where
         i = globalizeLoc (msrc mi) i0
 

src/compiler/GF/Compile/pgf.schema.json

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
+  "$id": "http://grammaticalframework.org/pgf.schema.json",
+  "type": "object",
+  "title": "PGF JSON Schema",
+  "required": [
+    "abstract",
+    "concretes"
+  ],
+  "properties": {
+    "abstract": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "required": [
+        "name",
+        "startcat",
+        "funs"
+      ],
+      "properties": {
+        "name": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "startcat": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "funs": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "required": [
+              "args",
+              "cat"
+            ],
+            "properties": {
+              "args": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                }
+              },
+              "cat": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "concretes": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": {
+        "required": [
+          "flags",
+          "productions",
+          "functions",
+          "sequences",
+          "categories",
+          "totalfids"
+        ],
+        "properties": {
+          "flags": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "additionalProperties": {
+              "type": ["string", "number"]
+            }
+          },
+          "productions": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "additionalProperties": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": {
+                "oneOf": [
+                  {
+                    "$ref": "#/definitions/apply"
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "$ref": "#/definitions/coerce"
+                  }
+                ]
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "functions": {
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {
+              "title": "CncFun",
+              "type": "object",
+              "properties": {
+                "name": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                },
+                "lins": {
+                  "type": "array",
+                  "items": {
+                    "type": "integer"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "sequences": {
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": {
+                "$ref": "#/definitions/sym"
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "categories": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "additionalProperties": {
+              "title": "CncCat",
+              "type": "object",
+              "required": [
+                "start",
+                "end"
+              ],
+              "properties": {
+                "start": {
+                  "type": "integer"
+                },
+                "end": {
+                  "type": "integer"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "totalfids": {
+            "type": "integer"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "definitions": {
+    "apply": {
+      "required": [
+        "type",
+        "fid",
+        "args"
+      ],
+      "properties": {
+        "type": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "enum": ["Apply"]
+        },
+        "fid": {
+          "type": "integer"
+        },
+        "args": {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": {
+            "$ref": "#/definitions/parg"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "coerce": {
+      "required": [
+        "type",
+        "arg"
+      ],
+      "properties": {
+        "type": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "enum": ["Coerce"]
+        },
+        "arg": {
+          "type": "integer"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "parg": {
+      "required": [
+        "type",
+        "hypos",
+        "fid"
+      ],
+      "properties": {
+        "type": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "enum": ["PArg"]
+        },
+        "hypos": {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": {
+            "type": "integer"
+          }
+        },
+        "fid": {
+          "type": "integer"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "sym": {
+      "title": "Sym",
+      "required": [
+        "type",
+        "args"
+      ],
+      "properties": {
+        "type": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "enum": [
+            "SymCat",
+            "SymLit",
+            "SymVar",
+            "SymKS",
+            "SymKP",
+            "SymNE"
+          ]
+        },
+        "args": {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": {
+            "anyOf": [
+              {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              {
+                "$ref": "#/definitions/sym"
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

src/compiler/GF/CompileInParallel.hs

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ import GF.Infra.Ident(moduleNameS)
 import GF.Text.Pretty
 import GF.System.Console(TermColors(..),getTermColors)
 import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as BS
+-- Control.Monad.Fail import will become redundant in GHC 8.8+
+import qualified Control.Monad.Fail as Fail
 
 -- | Compile the given grammar files and everything they depend on,
 -- like 'batchCompile'. This function compiles modules in parallel.
@@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ batchCompile1 lib_dir (opts,filepaths) =
      let rel = relativeTo lib_dir cwd
          prelude_dir = lib_dir</>"prelude"
          gfoDir = flag optGFODir opts
-     maybe done (D.createDirectoryIfMissing True) gfoDir
+     maybe (return ()) (D.createDirectoryIfMissing True) gfoDir
 {-
      liftIO $ writeFile (maybe "" id gfoDir</>"paths")
                         (unlines . map (unwords . map rel) . nub $ map snd filepaths)
@@ -241,14 +243,14 @@ instance (Functor m,Monad m) => Applicative (CollectOutput m) where
   (<*>) = ap
 
 instance Monad m => Monad (CollectOutput m) where
-  return x = CO (return (done,x))
+  return x = CO (return (return (),x))
   CO m >>= f = CO $ do (o1,x) <- m
                        let CO m2 = f x
                        (o2,y) <- m2
                        return (o1>>o2,y)
 instance MonadIO m => MonadIO (CollectOutput m) where
   liftIO io = CO $ do x <- liftIO io
-                      return (done,x)
+                      return (return (),x)
 
 instance Output m => Output (CollectOutput m) where
   ePutStr   s = CO (return (ePutStr s,()))
@@ -256,6 +258,9 @@ instance Output m => Output (CollectOutput m) where
   putStrLnE s = CO (return (putStrLnE s,()))
   putStrE   s = CO (return (putStrE s,()))
 
+instance Fail.MonadFail m => Fail.MonadFail (CollectOutput m) where
+  fail = CO . fail
+
 instance ErrorMonad m => ErrorMonad (CollectOutput m) where
   raise e = CO (raise e)
   handle (CO m) h = CO $ handle m (unCO . h)

src/compiler/GF/CompileOne.hs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import GF.Grammar.Binary(decodeModule,encodeModule)
 import GF.Infra.Option
 import GF.Infra.UseIO(FullPath,IOE,isGFO,gf2gfo,MonadIO(..),Output(..),putPointE)
 import GF.Infra.CheckM(runCheck')
-import GF.Data.Operations(ErrorMonad,liftErr,(+++),done)
+import GF.Data.Operations(ErrorMonad,liftErr,(+++))
 
 import GF.System.Directory(doesFileExist,getCurrentDirectory,renameFile)
 import System.FilePath(makeRelative)
@@ -30,12 +30,13 @@ import qualified Data.Map as Map
 import GF.Text.Pretty(render,(<+>),($$)) --Doc,
 import GF.System.Console(TermColors(..),getTermColors)
 import Control.Monad((<=<))
+import qualified Control.Monad.Fail as Fail
 
 type OneOutput = (Maybe FullPath,CompiledModule)
 type CompiledModule = Module
 
 compileOne, reuseGFO, useTheSource ::
-    (Output m,ErrorMonad m,MonadIO m) =>
+    (Output m,ErrorMonad m,MonadIO m, Fail.MonadFail m) =>
     Options -> Grammar -> FullPath -> m OneOutput
 
 -- | Compile a given source file (or just load a .gfo file),
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ reuseGFO opts srcgr file =
 
      if flag optTagsOnly opts
        then writeTags opts srcgr (gf2gftags opts file) sm1
-       else done
+       else return ()
 
      return (Just file,sm)
 
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ compileSourceModule opts cwd mb_gfFile gr =
            idump opts pass (dump out)
            return (ret out)
 
-    maybeM f = maybe done f
+    maybeM f = maybe (return ()) f
 
 
 --writeGFO :: Options -> InitPath -> FilePath -> SourceModule -> IOE ()
@@ -158,12 +159,12 @@ writeGFO opts cwd file mo =
 --intermOut :: Options -> Dump -> Doc -> IOE ()
 intermOut opts d doc
   | dump opts d = ePutStrLn (render ("\n\n--#" <+> show d $$ doc))
-  | otherwise   = done
+  | otherwise   = return ()
 
 idump opts pass = intermOut opts (Dump pass) . ppModule Internal
 
 warnOut opts warnings
-  | null warnings = done
+  | null warnings = return ()
   | otherwise     = do t <- getTermColors
                        ePutStr (blueFg t);ePutStr ws;ePutStrLn (restore t)
   where