Change Data.Text to String as a test, seemingly makes no difference.

Bul ✓
Cat ✗
Chi ✓
Dan ✓
Dut ✓
Eng ✓
Est ✓
Fin ✓
Fre ✗
Ger ✓
Hin ✓
Ita ✗
Jpn ✓
Lav ✓
Nor ✓
Pol ✓
Ron ✓
Snd ✗
Spa ✓
Swe ✓
Tha ✓
Urd ✓

Passed 18 | Failed 4 | Total 22

.gitignore

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 *.jar
 *.gfo
 *.pgf
+*.lpgf
 debian/.debhelper
 debian/debhelper-build-stamp
 debian/gf

gf.cabal

@@ -86,7 +86,10 @@ Library
                  -- For compatability with ghc < 8
                  -- We need transformers-compat >= 0.6.3, but that is only in newer snapshots where it is redundant.
                  transformers-compat,
-                 ghc-prim
+                 ghc-prim,
+                 text,
+                 hashable,
+                 unordered-containers
   hs-source-dirs: src/runtime/haskell
 
   other-modules:
@@ -107,6 +110,7 @@ Library
     PGF
     PGF.Internal
     PGF.Haskell
+    LPGF
 
   other-modules:
     PGF.Data
@@ -184,6 +188,7 @@ Library
     GF.Compile.Export
     GF.Compile.GenerateBC
     GF.Compile.GeneratePMCFG
+    GF.Compile.GrammarToLPGF
     GF.Compile.GrammarToPGF
     GF.Compile.Multi
     GF.Compile.Optimize
@@ -213,6 +218,7 @@ Library
     GF.Data.ErrM
     GF.Data.Graph
     GF.Data.Graphviz
+    GF.Data.IntMapBuilder
     GF.Data.Relation
     GF.Data.Str
     GF.Data.Utilities
@@ -353,3 +359,402 @@ test-suite gf-tests
   hs-source-dirs: testsuite
   build-depends:  base>=4.3 && <5, Cabal>=1.8, directory, filepath, process
   default-language:    Haskell2010
+
+test-suite lpgf
+  type: exitcode-stdio-1.0
+  main-is: test.hs
+  hs-source-dirs:
+    src/compiler
+    src/runtime/haskell
+    testsuite/lpgf
+  other-modules:
+    Data.Binary
+    Data.Binary.Builder
+    Data.Binary.Get
+    Data.Binary.IEEE754
+    Data.Binary.Put
+    GF
+    GF.Command.Abstract
+    GF.Command.CommandInfo
+    GF.Command.Commands
+    GF.Command.CommonCommands
+    GF.Command.Help
+    GF.Command.Importing
+    GF.Command.Interpreter
+    GF.Command.Messages
+    GF.Command.Parse
+    GF.Command.SourceCommands
+    GF.Command.TreeOperations
+    GF.Compile
+    GF.Compile.CFGtoPGF
+    GF.Compile.CheckGrammar
+    GF.Compile.Compute.ConcreteNew
+    GF.Compile.Compute.Predef
+    GF.Compile.Compute.Value
+    GF.Compile.ConcreteToHaskell
+    GF.Compile.ExampleBased
+    GF.Compile.Export
+    GF.Compile.GenerateBC
+    GF.Compile.GeneratePMCFG
+    GF.Compile.GetGrammar
+    GF.Compile.GrammarToCanonical
+    GF.Compile.GrammarToLPGF
+    GF.Compile.GrammarToPGF
+    GF.Compile.Multi
+    GF.Compile.Optimize
+    GF.Compile.PGFtoHaskell
+    GF.Compile.PGFtoJava
+    GF.Compile.PGFtoJS
+    GF.Compile.PGFtoJSON
+    GF.Compile.PGFtoProlog
+    GF.Compile.PGFtoPython
+    GF.Compile.ReadFiles
+    GF.Compile.Rename
+    GF.Compile.SubExOpt
+    GF.Compile.Tags
+    GF.Compile.ToAPI
+    GF.Compile.TypeCheck.Abstract
+    GF.Compile.TypeCheck.ConcreteNew
+    GF.Compile.TypeCheck.Primitives
+    GF.Compile.TypeCheck.RConcrete
+    GF.Compile.TypeCheck.TC
+    GF.Compile.Update
+    GF.CompileInParallel
+    GF.CompileOne
+    GF.Compiler
+    GF.Data.BacktrackM
+    GF.Data.ErrM
+    GF.Data.Graph
+    GF.Data.Graphviz
+    GF.Data.IntMapBuilder
+    GF.Data.Operations
+    GF.Data.Relation
+    GF.Data.Str
+    GF.Data.Utilities
+    GF.Data.XML
+    GF.Grammar
+    GF.Grammar.Analyse
+    GF.Grammar.Binary
+    GF.Grammar.BNFC
+    GF.Grammar.Canonical
+    GF.Grammar.CanonicalJSON
+    GF.Grammar.CFG
+    GF.Grammar.EBNF
+    GF.Grammar.Grammar
+    GF.Grammar.Lexer
+    GF.Grammar.Lockfield
+    GF.Grammar.Lookup
+    GF.Grammar.Macros
+    GF.Grammar.Parser
+    GF.Grammar.PatternMatch
+    GF.Grammar.Predef
+    GF.Grammar.Printer
+    GF.Grammar.ShowTerm
+    GF.Grammar.Unify
+    GF.Grammar.Values
+    GF.Haskell
+    GF.Infra.BuildInfo
+    GF.Infra.CheckM
+    GF.Infra.Concurrency
+    GF.Infra.Dependencies
+    GF.Infra.GetOpt
+    GF.Infra.Ident
+    GF.Infra.Location
+    GF.Infra.Option
+    GF.Infra.SIO
+    GF.Infra.UseIO
+    GF.Interactive
+    GF.JavaScript.AbsJS
+    GF.JavaScript.PrintJS
+    GF.Main
+    GF.Quiz
+    GF.Speech.CFGToFA
+    GF.Speech.FiniteState
+    GF.Speech.GSL
+    GF.Speech.JSGF
+    GF.Speech.PGFToCFG
+    GF.Speech.PrRegExp
+    GF.Speech.RegExp
+    GF.Speech.SISR
+    GF.Speech.SLF
+    GF.Speech.SRG
+    GF.Speech.SRGS_ABNF
+    GF.Speech.SRGS_XML
+    GF.Speech.VoiceXML
+    GF.Support
+    GF.System.Catch
+    GF.System.Concurrency
+    GF.System.Console
+    GF.System.Directory
+    GF.System.Process
+    GF.System.Signal
+    GF.Text.Clitics
+    GF.Text.Coding
+    GF.Text.Lexing
+    GF.Text.Pretty
+    GF.Text.Transliterations
+    LPGF
+    PGF
+    PGF.Binary
+    PGF.ByteCode
+    PGF.CId
+    PGF.Data
+    PGF.Expr
+    PGF.Forest
+    PGF.Generate
+    PGF.Internal
+    PGF.Linearize
+    PGF.Macros
+    PGF.Morphology
+    PGF.OldBinary
+    PGF.Optimize
+    PGF.Paraphrase
+    PGF.Parse
+    PGF.Printer
+    PGF.Probabilistic
+    PGF.Tree
+    PGF.TrieMap
+    PGF.Type
+    PGF.TypeCheck
+    PGF.Utilities
+    PGF.VisualizeTree
+    Paths_gf
+  if flag(interrupt)
+    cpp-options: -DUSE_INTERRUPT
+    other-modules: GF.System.UseSignal
+  else
+    other-modules: GF.System.NoSignal
+  build-depends:
+    ansi-terminal,
+    array,
+    base>=4.6 && <5,
+    bytestring,
+    containers,
+    directory,
+    filepath,
+    ghc-prim,
+    hashable,
+    haskeline,
+    json,
+    mtl,
+    parallel>=3,
+    pretty,
+    process,
+    random,
+    terminfo,
+    text,
+    time,
+    transformers-compat,
+    unix,
+    unordered-containers,
+    utf8-string
+  default-language: Haskell2010
+
+benchmark lpgf-bench
+  type: exitcode-stdio-1.0
+  main-is: bench.hs
+  hs-source-dirs:
+    src/compiler
+    src/runtime/haskell
+    testsuite/lpgf
+  other-modules:
+    Data.Binary
+    Data.Binary.Builder
+    Data.Binary.Get
+    Data.Binary.IEEE754
+    Data.Binary.Put
+    GF
+    GF.Command.Abstract
+    GF.Command.CommandInfo
+    GF.Command.Commands
+    GF.Command.CommonCommands
+    GF.Command.Help
+    GF.Command.Importing
+    GF.Command.Interpreter
+    GF.Command.Messages
+    GF.Command.Parse
+    GF.Command.SourceCommands
+    GF.Command.TreeOperations
+    GF.Compile
+    GF.Compile.CFGtoPGF
+    GF.Compile.CheckGrammar
+    GF.Compile.Compute.ConcreteNew
+    GF.Compile.Compute.Predef
+    GF.Compile.Compute.Value
+    GF.Compile.ConcreteToHaskell
+    GF.Compile.ExampleBased
+    GF.Compile.Export
+    GF.Compile.GenerateBC
+    GF.Compile.GeneratePMCFG
+    GF.Compile.GetGrammar
+    GF.Compile.GrammarToCanonical
+    GF.Compile.GrammarToLPGF
+    GF.Compile.GrammarToPGF
+    GF.Compile.Multi
+    GF.Compile.Optimize
+    GF.Compile.PGFtoHaskell
+    GF.Compile.PGFtoJS
+    GF.Compile.PGFtoJSON
+    GF.Compile.PGFtoJava
+    GF.Compile.PGFtoProlog
+    GF.Compile.PGFtoPython
+    GF.Compile.ReadFiles
+    GF.Compile.Rename
+    GF.Compile.SubExOpt
+    GF.Compile.Tags
+    GF.Compile.ToAPI
+    GF.Compile.TypeCheck.Abstract
+    GF.Compile.TypeCheck.ConcreteNew
+    GF.Compile.TypeCheck.Primitives
+    GF.Compile.TypeCheck.RConcrete
+    GF.Compile.TypeCheck.TC
+    GF.Compile.Update
+    GF.CompileInParallel
+    GF.CompileOne
+    GF.Compiler
+    GF.Data.BacktrackM
+    GF.Data.ErrM
+    GF.Data.Graph
+    GF.Data.Graphviz
+    GF.Data.IntMapBuilder
+    GF.Data.Operations
+    GF.Data.Relation
+    GF.Data.Str
+    GF.Data.Utilities
+    GF.Data.XML
+    GF.Grammar
+    GF.Grammar.Analyse
+    GF.Grammar.BNFC
+    GF.Grammar.Binary
+    GF.Grammar.CFG
+    GF.Grammar.Canonical
+    GF.Grammar.CanonicalJSON
+    GF.Grammar.EBNF
+    GF.Grammar.Grammar
+    GF.Grammar.Lexer
+    GF.Grammar.Lockfield
+    GF.Grammar.Lookup
+    GF.Grammar.Macros
+    GF.Grammar.Parser
+    GF.Grammar.PatternMatch
+    GF.Grammar.Predef
+    GF.Grammar.Printer
+    GF.Grammar.ShowTerm
+    GF.Grammar.Unify
+    GF.Grammar.Values
+    GF.Haskell
+    GF.Infra.BuildInfo
+    GF.Infra.CheckM
+    GF.Infra.Concurrency
+    GF.Infra.Dependencies
+    GF.Infra.GetOpt
+    GF.Infra.Ident
+    GF.Infra.Location
+    GF.Infra.Option
+    GF.Infra.SIO
+    GF.Infra.UseIO
+    GF.Interactive
+    GF.JavaScript.AbsJS
+    GF.JavaScript.PrintJS
+    GF.Main
+    GF.Quiz
+    GF.Speech.CFGToFA
+    GF.Speech.FiniteState
+    GF.Speech.GSL
+    GF.Speech.JSGF
+    GF.Speech.PGFToCFG
+    GF.Speech.PrRegExp
+    GF.Speech.RegExp
+    GF.Speech.SISR
+    GF.Speech.SLF
+    GF.Speech.SRG
+    GF.Speech.SRGS_ABNF
+    GF.Speech.SRGS_XML
+    GF.Speech.VoiceXML
+    GF.Support
+    GF.System.Catch
+    GF.System.Concurrency
+    GF.System.Console
+    GF.System.Directory
+    GF.System.Process
+    GF.System.Signal
+    GF.Text.Clitics
+    GF.Text.Coding
+    GF.Text.Lexing
+    GF.Text.Pretty
+    GF.Text.Transliterations
+    LPGF
+    PGF
+    PGF.Binary
+    PGF.ByteCode
+    PGF.CId
+    PGF.Data
+    PGF.Expr
+    PGF.Expr
+    PGF.Forest
+    PGF.Generate
+    PGF.Internal
+    PGF.Linearize
+    PGF.Macros
+    PGF.Morphology
+    PGF.OldBinary
+    PGF.Optimize
+    PGF.Paraphrase
+    PGF.Parse
+    PGF.Printer
+    PGF.Probabilistic
+    PGF.Tree
+    PGF.TrieMap
+    PGF.Type
+    PGF.TypeCheck
+    PGF.Utilities
+    PGF.VisualizeTree
+    PGF2
+    PGF2.Expr
+    PGF2.Type
+    PGF2.FFI
+    Paths_gf
+  if flag(interrupt)
+    cpp-options: -DUSE_INTERRUPT
+    other-modules: GF.System.UseSignal
+  else
+    other-modules: GF.System.NoSignal
+
+  hs-source-dirs:
+    src/runtime/haskell-bind
+  other-modules:
+    PGF2
+    PGF2.FFI
+    PGF2.Expr
+    PGF2.Type
+  build-tools:     hsc2hs
+  extra-libraries: pgf gu
+  c-sources:       src/runtime/haskell-bind/utils.c
+  cc-options:      -std=c99
+
+  build-depends:
+    ansi-terminal,
+    array,
+    base>=4.6 && <5,
+    bytestring,
+    containers,
+    deepseq,
+    directory,
+    filepath,
+    ghc-prim,
+    hashable,
+    haskeline,
+    json,
+    mtl,
+    parallel>=3,
+    pretty,
+    process,
+    random,
+    terminfo,
+    text,
+    time,
+    transformers-compat,
+    unix,
+    unordered-containers,
+    utf8-string
+  default-language: Haskell2010

src/compiler/GF/Compile.hs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-module GF.Compile (compileToPGF, link, batchCompile, srcAbsName) where
+module GF.Compile (compileToPGF, compileToLPGF, link, linkl, batchCompile, srcAbsName) where
 
 import GF.Compile.GrammarToPGF(mkCanon2pgf)
+import GF.Compile.GrammarToLPGF(mkCanon2lpgf)
 import GF.Compile.ReadFiles(ModEnv,getOptionsFromFile,getAllFiles,
                             importsOfModule)
 import GF.CompileOne(compileOne)
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ import GF.Infra.UseIO(IOE,FullPath,liftIO,getLibraryDirectory,putIfVerb,
                       justModuleName,extendPathEnv,putStrE,putPointE)
 import GF.Data.Operations(raise,(+++),err)
 
-import Control.Monad(foldM,when,(<=<),filterM,liftM)
+import Control.Monad(foldM,when,(<=<),filterM)
 import GF.System.Directory(doesFileExist,getModificationTime)
 import System.FilePath((</>),isRelative,dropFileName)
 import qualified Data.Map as Map(empty,insert,elems) --lookup
@@ -24,12 +25,16 @@ import GF.Text.Pretty(render,($$),(<+>),nest)
 
 import PGF.Internal(optimizePGF)
 import PGF(PGF,defaultProbabilities,setProbabilities,readProbabilitiesFromFile)
+import LPGF(LPGF)
 
 -- | Compiles a number of source files and builds a 'PGF' structure for them.
 -- This is a composition of 'link' and 'batchCompile'.
 compileToPGF :: Options -> [FilePath] -> IOE PGF
 compileToPGF opts fs = link opts . snd =<< batchCompile opts fs
 
+compileToLPGF :: Options -> [FilePath] -> IOE LPGF
+compileToLPGF opts fs = linkl opts . snd =<< batchCompile opts fs
+
 -- | Link a grammar into a 'PGF' that can be used to 'PGF.linearize' and
 -- 'PGF.parse' with the "PGF" run-time system.
 link :: Options -> (ModuleName,Grammar) -> IOE PGF
@@ -39,9 +44,17 @@ link opts (cnc,gr) =
     pgf <- mkCanon2pgf opts gr abs
     probs <- liftIO (maybe (return . defaultProbabilities) readProbabilitiesFromFile (flag optProbsFile opts) pgf)
     when (verbAtLeast opts Normal) $ putStrE "OK"
-    return $ setProbabilities probs 
+    return $ setProbabilities probs
            $ if flag optOptimizePGF opts then optimizePGF pgf else pgf
 
+-- | Link a grammar into a 'LPGF' that can be used for linearization only.
+linkl :: Options -> (ModuleName,Grammar) -> IOE LPGF
+linkl opts (cnc,gr) =
+  putPointE Normal opts "linking ... " $ do
+    let abs = srcAbsName gr cnc
+    lpgf <- mkCanon2lpgf opts gr abs
+    return lpgf
+
 -- | Returns the name of the abstract syntax corresponding to the named concrete syntax
 srcAbsName gr cnc = err (const cnc) id $ abstractOfConcrete gr cnc
 

src/compiler/GF/Compile/GrammarToCanonical.hs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import GF.Grammar.Predef(cPredef,cInts)
 import GF.Compile.Compute.Predef(predef)
 import GF.Compile.Compute.Value(Predefined(..))
 import GF.Infra.Ident(ModuleName(..),Ident,prefixIdent,showIdent,isWildIdent)
-import GF.Infra.Option(optionsPGF)
+import GF.Infra.Option(Options, optionsPGF)
 import PGF.Internal(Literal(..))
 import GF.Compile.Compute.ConcreteNew(normalForm,resourceValues)
 import GF.Grammar.Canonical as C
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import Debug.Trace
 
 -- | Generate Canonical code for the named abstract syntax and all associated
 -- concrete syntaxes
+grammar2canonical :: Options -> ModuleName -> SourceGrammar -> C.Grammar
 grammar2canonical opts absname gr =
    Grammar (abstract2canonical absname gr)
            (map snd (concretes2canonical opts absname gr))
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ concrete2canonical gr cenv absname cnc modinfo =
       [lincat|(_,Left lincat)<-defs]
       [lin|(_,Right lin)<-defs]
   where
-    defs = concatMap (toCanonical gr absname cenv) . 
+    defs = concatMap (toCanonical gr absname cenv) .
            M.toList $
            jments modinfo
 
@@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ convert' gr vs = ppT
         _ -> VarValue (gQId cPredef n) -- hmm
       where
        p = PredefValue . PredefId
-      
+
     ppP p =
       case p of
         PC c ps -> ParamPattern (Param (gId c) (map ppP ps))

src/compiler/GF/Compile/GrammarToLPGF.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
+module GF.Compile.GrammarToLPGF (mkCanon2lpgf) where
+
+import LPGF (LPGF (..))
+import qualified LPGF as L
+
+import PGF.CId
+import GF.Grammar.Grammar
+import qualified GF.Grammar.Canonical as C
+import GF.Compile.GrammarToCanonical (grammar2canonical)
+
+import GF.Data.Operations (ErrorMonad (..))
+import qualified GF.Data.IntMapBuilder as IntMapBuilder
+import GF.Infra.Option (Options)
+import GF.Infra.UseIO (IOE)
+import GF.Text.Pretty (pp, render)
+
+import Control.Applicative ((<|>))
+import Control.Monad (when, unless, forM, forM_)
+import qualified Control.Monad.State as CMS
+import Data.Either (lefts, rights)
+import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap
+import Data.List (elemIndex)
+import qualified Data.List as L
+import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map
+import Data.Maybe (fromJust, isJust)
+import System.Environment (lookupEnv)
+import System.FilePath ((</>), (<.>))
+import Text.Printf (printf)
+
+import qualified Debug.Trace
+trace x = Debug.Trace.trace ("> " ++ show x) (return ())
+
+mkCanon2lpgf :: Options -> SourceGrammar -> ModuleName -> IOE LPGF
+mkCanon2lpgf opts gr am = do
+  debug <- isJust <$> lookupEnv "DEBUG"
+  when debug $ do
+    ppCanonical debugDir canon
+    dumpCanonical debugDir canon
+  (an,abs) <- mkAbstract ab
+  cncs     <- mapM (mkConcrete debug) cncs
+  let lpgf = LPGF {
+    L.absname = an,
+    L.abstract = abs,
+    L.concretes = Map.fromList cncs
+  }
+  when debug $ ppLPGF debugDir lpgf
+  return lpgf
+  where
+    canon@(C.Grammar ab cncs) = grammar2canonical opts am gr
+
+    mkAbstract :: (ErrorMonad err) => C.Abstract -> err (CId, L.Abstract)
+    mkAbstract (C.Abstract modId flags cats funs) = return (mdi2i modId, L.Abstract {})
+
+    mkConcrete :: (ErrorMonad err) => Bool -> C.Concrete -> err (CId, L.Concrete)
+    mkConcrete debug (C.Concrete modId absModId flags params' lincats lindefs) = do
+      let
+        (C.Abstract _ _ _ funs) = ab
+        params = inlineParamAliases params'
+
+        -- Builds maps for lookups
+
+        paramValueMap :: Map.Map C.ParamId C.ParamDef -- constructor -> definition
+        paramValueMap = Map.fromList [ (v,d) | d@(C.ParamDef _ vs) <- params, (C.Param v _) <- vs ]
+
+        lincatMap :: Map.Map C.CatId C.LincatDef
+        lincatMap = Map.fromList [ (cid,d) | d@(C.LincatDef cid _) <- lincats ]
+
+        funMap :: Map.Map C.FunId C.FunDef
+        funMap = Map.fromList [ (fid,d) | d@(C.FunDef fid _) <- funs ]
+
+        -- | Lookup paramdef, providing dummy fallback when not found
+        -- Workaround for https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/issues/100
+        lookupParamDef :: C.ParamId -> Either String C.ParamDef
+        lookupParamDef pid = case Map.lookup pid paramValueMap of
+          Just d -> Right d
+          Nothing ->
+            -- Left $ printf "Cannot find param definition: %s" (show pid)
+            Right $ C.ParamDef (C.ParamId (C.Unqual "DUMMY")) [C.Param pid []]
+
+        -- | Lookup lintype for a function
+        lookupLinType :: C.FunId -> Either String C.LinType
+        lookupLinType funId = do
+          fun <- m2e (printf "Cannot find type for: %s" (show funId)) (Map.lookup funId funMap)
+          let (C.FunDef _ (C.Type _ (C.TypeApp catId _))) = fun
+          lincat <- m2e (printf "Cannot find lincat for: %s" (show catId)) (Map.lookup catId lincatMap)
+          let (C.LincatDef _ lt) = lincat
+          return lt
+
+        -- | Lookup lintype for a function's argument
+        lookupLinTypeArg :: C.FunId -> Int -> Either String C.LinType
+        lookupLinTypeArg funId argIx = do
+          fun <- m2e (printf "Cannot find type for: %s" (show funId)) (Map.lookup funId funMap)
+          let (C.FunDef _ (C.Type args _)) = fun
+          let (C.TypeBinding _ (C.Type _ (C.TypeApp catId _))) = args !! argIx
+          lincat <- m2e (printf "Cannot find lincat for: %s" (show catId)) (Map.lookup catId lincatMap)
+          let (C.LincatDef _ lt) = lincat
+          return lt
+
+        -- Filter out record fields from definitions which don't appear in lincat.
+        -- Workaround for https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/issues/101
+        cleanupRecordFields :: C.LinValue -> C.LinType -> C.LinValue
+        cleanupRecordFields (C.RecordValue rrvs) (C.RecordType rrs) =
+          let defnFields = Map.fromList [ (lid, lt) | (C.RecordRow lid lt) <- rrs ]
+          in C.RecordValue
+              [ C.RecordRow lid lv'
+              | C.RecordRow lid lv <- rrvs
+              , Map.member lid defnFields
+              , let Just lt = Map.lookup lid defnFields
+              , let lv' = cleanupRecordFields lv lt
+              ]
+        cleanupRecordFields lv _ = lv
+
+        lindefs' =
+          [ C.LinDef funId varIds linValue'
+          | (C.LinDef funId varIds linValue) <- lindefs
+          , let Right linType = lookupLinType funId
+          , let linValue' = cleanupRecordFields linValue linType
+          ]
+        es = map mkLin lindefs'
+        lins = Map.fromList $ rights es
+
+        -- | Main code generation function
+        mkLin :: C.LinDef -> Either String (CId, L.LinFun)
+        mkLin (C.LinDef funId varIds linValue) = do
+          -- when debug $ trace funId
+          (lf, _) <- val2lin linValue
+          return (fi2i funId, lf)
+          where
+            val2lin :: C.LinValue -> Either String (L.LinFun, Maybe C.LinType)
+            val2lin lv = case lv of
+
+              C.ConcatValue v1 v2 -> do
+                (v1',t1) <- val2lin v1
+                (v2',t2) <- val2lin v2
+                return (L.Concat v1' v2', t1 <|> t2) -- t1 else t2
+
+              C.LiteralValue ll -> case ll of
+                C.FloatConstant f -> return (L.Token $ show f, Just C.FloatType)
+                C.IntConstant i -> return (L.Token $ show i, Just C.IntType)
+                C.StrConstant s -> return (L.Token s, Just C.StrType)
+
+              C.ErrorValue err -> return (L.Error err, Nothing)
+
+              C.ParamConstant (C.Param pid lvs) -> do
+                let
+                  collectProjections :: C.LinValue -> Either String [L.LinFun]
+                  collectProjections (C.ParamConstant (C.Param pid lvs)) = do
+                    def <- lookupParamDef pid
+                    let (C.ParamDef tpid defpids) = def
+                    pidIx <- eitherElemIndex pid [ p | C.Param p _ <- defpids ]
+                    rest <- mapM collectProjections lvs
+                    return $ L.Ix (pidIx+1) : concat rest
+                  collectProjections lv = do
+                    (lf,_) <- val2lin lv
+                    return [lf]
+                lfs <- collectProjections lv
+                let term = L.Tuple lfs
+                def <- lookupParamDef pid
+                let (C.ParamDef tpid _) = def
+                return (term, Just $ C.ParamType (C.ParamTypeId tpid))
+
+              C.PredefValue (C.PredefId pid) -> case pid of
+                "BIND" -> return (L.Bind, Nothing)
+                "SOFT_BIND" -> return (L.Bind, Nothing)
+                "SOFT_SPACE" -> return (L.Space, Nothing)
+                "CAPIT" -> return (L.Capit, Nothing)
+                "ALL_CAPIT" -> return (L.AllCapit, Nothing)
+                _ -> Left $ printf "Unknown predef function: %s" pid
+
+              C.RecordValue rrvs -> do
+                let rrvs' = sortRecordRows rrvs
+                ts <- sequence [ val2lin lv | C.RecordRow lid lv <- rrvs' ]
+                return (L.Tuple (map fst ts), Just $ C.RecordType [ C.RecordRow lid lt | (C.RecordRow lid _, (_, Just lt)) <- zip rrvs' ts])
+
+              C.TableValue lt trvs -> do
+                -- group the rows by "left-most" value
+                let
+                  groupRow :: C.TableRowValue -> C.TableRowValue -> Bool
+                  groupRow (C.TableRow p1 _) (C.TableRow p2 _) = groupPattern p1 p2
+
+                  groupPattern :: C.LinPattern -> C.LinPattern -> Bool
+                  groupPattern p1 p2 = case (p1,p2) of
+                    (C.ParamPattern (C.Param pid1 _), C.ParamPattern (C.Param pid2 _)) -> pid1 == pid2 -- compare only constructors
+                    (C.RecordPattern (C.RecordRow lid1 patt1:_), C.RecordPattern (C.RecordRow lid2 patt2:_)) -> groupPattern patt1 patt2 -- lid1 == lid2 necessarily
+                    _ -> error $ printf "Mismatched patterns in grouping:\n%s\n%s" (show p1) (show p2)
+
+                  grps :: [[C.TableRowValue]]
+                  grps = L.groupBy groupRow trvs
+
+                -- remove one level of depth and recurse
+                let
+                  handleGroup :: [C.TableRowValue] -> Either String (L.LinFun, Maybe C.LinType)
+                  handleGroup [C.TableRow patt lv] =
+                    case reducePattern patt of
+                      Just patt' -> do
+                        (lf,lt) <- handleGroup [C.TableRow patt' lv]
+                        return (L.Tuple [lf],lt)
+                      Nothing    -> val2lin lv
+                  handleGroup rows = do
+                    let rows' = map reduceRow rows
+                    val2lin (C.TableValue lt rows') -- lt is wrong here, but is unused
+
+                  reducePattern :: C.LinPattern -> Maybe C.LinPattern
+                  reducePattern patt =
+                    case patt of
+                      C.ParamPattern (C.Param _ []) -> Nothing
+                      C.ParamPattern (C.Param _ patts) -> Just $ C.ParamPattern (C.Param pid' patts')
+                        where
+                          C.ParamPattern (C.Param pid1 patts1) = head patts
+                          pid' = pid1
+                          patts' = patts1 ++ tail patts
+
+                      C.RecordPattern [] -> Nothing
+                      C.RecordPattern (C.RecordRow lid patt:rrs) ->
+                        case reducePattern patt of
+                          Just patt' -> Just $ C.RecordPattern (C.RecordRow lid patt':rrs)
+                          Nothing    -> if null rrs then Nothing else Just $ C.RecordPattern rrs
+
+                      _ -> error $ printf "Unhandled pattern in reducing: %s" (show patt)
+
+                  reduceRow :: C.TableRowValue -> C.TableRowValue
+                  reduceRow (C.TableRow patt lv) =
+                    let Just patt' = reducePattern patt
+                    in  C.TableRow patt' lv
+
+                -- ts :: [(L.LinFun, Maybe C.LinType)]
+                ts <- mapM handleGroup grps
+
+                -- return
+                let typ = case ts of
+                      (_, Just tst):_ -> Just $ C.TableType lt tst
+                      _ -> Nothing
+                return (L.Tuple (map fst ts), typ)
+
+              -- TODO TuplePattern, WildPattern?
+
+              C.TupleValue lvs -> do
+                ts <- mapM val2lin lvs
+                return (L.Tuple (map fst ts), Just $ C.TupleType (map (fromJust.snd) ts))
+
+              C.VariantValue [] -> return (L.Empty, Nothing) -- TODO Just C.StrType ?
+              C.VariantValue (vr:_) -> val2lin vr -- NOTE variants not supported, just pick first
+
+              C.VarValue (C.VarValueId (C.Unqual v)) -> do
+                ix <- eitherElemIndex (C.VarId v) varIds
+                lt <- lookupLinTypeArg funId ix
+                return (L.Argument (ix+1), Just lt)
+
+              C.PreValue pts df -> do
+                pts' <- forM pts $ \(pfxs, lv) -> do
+                  (lv', _) <- val2lin lv
+                  return (pfxs, lv')
+                (df', lt) <- val2lin df
+                return (L.Pre pts' df', lt)
+
+              C.Projection v1 lblId -> do
+                (v1', mtyp) <- val2lin v1
+                -- find label index in argument type
+                let Just (C.RecordType rrs) = mtyp
+                let rrs' = [ lid | C.RecordRow lid _ <- rrs ]
+                -- lblIx <- eitherElemIndex lblId rrs'
+                let
+                  lblIx = case eitherElemIndex lblId rrs' of
+                    Right x -> x
+                    Left _ -> 0 -- corresponds to Prelude.False
+                -- lookup lintype for record row
+                let C.RecordRow _ lt = rrs !! lblIx
+                return (L.Projection v1' (L.Ix (lblIx+1)), Just lt)
+
+              C.Selection v1 v2 -> do
+                (v1', t1) <- val2lin v1
+                (v2', t2) <- val2lin v2
+                let Just (C.TableType t11 t12) = t1 -- t11 == t2
+                return (L.Projection v1' v2', Just t12)
+
+              -- C.CommentedValue cmnt lv -> val2lin lv
+              C.CommentedValue cmnt lv -> case cmnt of
+                "impossible" -> val2lin lv >>= \(_, typ) -> return (L.Empty, typ)
+                _ -> val2lin lv
+
+              v -> Left $ printf "val2lin not implemented for: %s" (show v)
+
+      unless (null $ lefts es) (raise $ unlines (lefts es))
+
+      let maybeOptimise = if debug then id else extractStrings
+      let concr = maybeOptimise $ L.Concrete {
+        L.toks = IntMap.empty,
+        L.lins = lins
+      }
+      return (mdi2i modId, concr)
+
+-- | Remove ParamAliasDefs by inlining their definitions
+inlineParamAliases :: [C.ParamDef] -> [C.ParamDef]
+inlineParamAliases defs = if null aliases then defs else map rp' pdefs
+  where
+    (aliases,pdefs) = L.partition isParamAliasDef defs
+
+    rp' :: C.ParamDef -> C.ParamDef
+    rp' (C.ParamDef pid pids) = C.ParamDef pid (map rp'' pids)
+    rp' (C.ParamAliasDef _ _) = error "inlineParamAliases called on ParamAliasDef" -- impossible
+
+    rp'' :: C.ParamValueDef -> C.ParamValueDef
+    rp'' (C.Param pid pids) = C.Param pid (map rp''' pids)
+
+    rp''' :: C.ParamId -> C.ParamId
+    rp''' pid = case L.find (\(C.ParamAliasDef p _) -> p == pid) aliases of
+      Just (C.ParamAliasDef _ (C.ParamType (C.ParamTypeId p))) -> p
+      _ -> pid
+
+-- | Always put 's' reocord field first, then sort alphabetically.
+-- Workaround for https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/issues/102
+-- Based on GF.Granmar.Macros.sortRec
+sortRecordRows :: [C.RecordRowValue] -> [C.RecordRowValue]
+sortRecordRows = L.sortBy ordLabel
+  where
+    ordLabel (C.RecordRow (C.LabelId l1) _) (C.RecordRow (C.LabelId l2) _) =
+      case (l1,l2) of
+        ("s",_) -> LT
+        (_,"s") -> GT
+        (s1,s2) -> compare s1 s2
+
+-- sortRecord :: C.LinValue -> C.LinValue
+-- sortRecord (C.RecordValue rrvs) = C.RecordValue (sortRecordRows rrvs)
+-- sortRecord lv = lv
+
+isParamAliasDef :: C.ParamDef -> Bool
+isParamAliasDef (C.ParamAliasDef _ _) = True
+isParamAliasDef _ = False
+
+isParamType :: C.LinType -> Bool
+isParamType (C.ParamType _) = True
+isParamType _ = False
+
+isRecordType :: C.LinType -> Bool
+isRecordType (C.RecordType _) = True
+isRecordType _ = False
+
+-- | Find all token strings, put them in a map and replace with token indexes
+extractStrings :: L.Concrete -> L.Concrete
+extractStrings concr = L.Concrete { L.toks = toks', L.lins = lins' }
+  where
+    imb = IntMapBuilder.fromIntMap (L.toks concr)
+    (lins',imb') = CMS.runState (go0 (L.lins concr)) imb
+    toks' = IntMapBuilder.toIntMap imb'
+
+    go0 :: Map.Map CId L.LinFun -> CMS.State (IntMapBuilder.IMB String) (Map.Map CId L.LinFun)
+    go0 mp = do
+      xs <- mapM (\(cid,lin) -> go lin >>= \lin' -> return (cid,lin')) (Map.toList mp)
+      return $ Map.fromList xs
+
+    go :: L.LinFun -> CMS.State (IntMapBuilder.IMB String) L.LinFun
+    go lf = case lf of
+      L.Token str -> do
+        imb <- CMS.get
+        let (ix,imb') = IntMapBuilder.insert' str imb
+        CMS.put imb'
+        return $ L.TokenIx ix
+
+      L.Pre pts df -> do
+        -- pts' <- mapM (\(pfxs,lv) -> go lv >>= \lv' -> return (pfxs,lv')) pts
+        pts' <- forM pts $ \(pfxs,lv) -> do
+          imb <- CMS.get
+          let str = show pfxs
+          let (ix,imb') = IntMapBuilder.insert' str imb
+          CMS.put imb'
+          lv' <- go lv
+          return (ix,lv')
+        df' <- go df
+        return $ L.PreIx pts' df'
+      L.Concat s t -> do
+        s' <- go s
+        t' <- go t
+        return $ L.Concat s' t'
+      L.Tuple ts -> do
+        ts' <- mapM go ts
+        return $ L.Tuple ts'
+      L.Projection t u -> do
+        t' <- go t
+        u' <- go u
+        return $ L.Projection t' u'
+      t -> return t
+
+-- | Convert Maybe to Either value with error
+m2e :: String -> Maybe a -> Either String a
+m2e err = maybe (Left err) Right
+
+-- | Wrap elemIndex into Either value
+eitherElemIndex :: (Eq a, Show a) => a -> [a] -> Either String Int
+eitherElemIndex x xs = m2e (printf "Cannot find: %s in %s" (show x) (show xs)) (elemIndex x xs)
+
+mdi2s :: C.ModId -> String
+mdi2s (C.ModId i) = i
+
+mdi2i :: C.ModId -> CId
+mdi2i (C.ModId i) = mkCId i
+
+fi2i :: C.FunId -> CId
+fi2i (C.FunId i) = mkCId i
+
+-- Debugging
+
+debugDir :: FilePath
+debugDir = "DEBUG"
+
+-- | Pretty-print canonical grammars to file
+ppCanonical :: FilePath -> C.Grammar -> IO ()
+ppCanonical path (C.Grammar ab cncs) = do
+  let (C.Abstract modId flags cats funs) = ab
+  writeFile (path </> mdi2s modId <.> "canonical.gf") (render $ pp ab)
+  forM_ cncs $ \cnc@(C.Concrete modId absModId flags params lincats lindefs) ->
+    writeFile' (path </> mdi2s modId <.> "canonical.gf") (render $ pp cnc)
+
+-- | Dump canonical grammars to file
+dumpCanonical :: FilePath -> C.Grammar -> IO ()
+dumpCanonical path (C.Grammar ab cncs) = do
+  let (C.Abstract modId flags cats funs) = ab
+  let body = unlines $ map show cats ++ [""] ++ map show funs
+  writeFile' (path </> mdi2s modId <.> "canonical.dump") body
+
+  forM_ cncs $ \(C.Concrete modId absModId flags params lincats lindefs) -> do
+    let body = unlines $ concat [
+          map show params,
+          [""],
+          map show lincats,
+          [""],
+          map show lindefs
+          ]
+    writeFile' (path </> mdi2s modId <.> "canonical.dump") body
+
+-- | Pretty-print LPGF to file
+ppLPGF :: FilePath -> LPGF -> IO ()
+ppLPGF path lpgf =
+  forM_ (Map.toList $ L.concretes lpgf) $ \(cid,concr) ->
+    writeFile' (path </> showCId cid <.> "lpgf.txt") (L.render $ L.pp concr)
+
+-- | Dump LPGF to file
+dumpLPGF :: FilePath -> LPGF -> IO ()
+dumpLPGF path lpgf =
+  forM_ (Map.toList $ L.concretes lpgf) $ \(cid,concr) -> do
+    let body = unlines $ map show (Map.toList $ L.lins concr)
+    writeFile' (path </> showCId cid <.> "lpgf.dump") body
+
+-- | Write a file and report it to console
+writeFile' :: FilePath -> String -> IO ()
+writeFile' p b = do
+  writeFile p b
+  putStrLn $ "Wrote " ++ p

src/compiler/GF/Compiler.hs

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-module GF.Compiler (mainGFC, linkGrammars, writePGF, writeOutputs) where
+module GF.Compiler (mainGFC, linkGrammars, writePGF, writeLPGF, writeOutputs) where
 
 import PGF
 import PGF.Internal(concretes,optimizePGF,unionPGF)
 import PGF.Internal(putSplitAbs,encodeFile,runPut)
-import GF.Compile as S(batchCompile,link,srcAbsName)
+import LPGF(LPGF)
+import qualified LPGF
+import GF.Compile as S(batchCompile,link,linkl,srcAbsName)
 import GF.CompileInParallel as P(parallelBatchCompile)
 import GF.Compile.Export
 import GF.Compile.ConcreteToHaskell(concretes2haskell)
@@ -11,7 +13,8 @@ import GF.Compile.GrammarToCanonical--(concretes2canonical)
 import GF.Compile.CFGtoPGF
 import GF.Compile.GetGrammar
 import GF.Grammar.BNFC
-import GF.Grammar.CFG
+import GF.Grammar.CFG hiding (Grammar)
+import GF.Grammar.Grammar (Grammar, ModuleName)
 
 --import GF.Infra.Ident(showIdent)
 import GF.Infra.UseIO
@@ -23,10 +26,11 @@ import GF.Text.Pretty(render,render80)
 import Data.Maybe
 import qualified Data.Map as Map
 import qualified Data.Set as Set
+import Data.Time(UTCTime)
 import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as BSL
 import GF.Grammar.CanonicalJSON (encodeJSON)
 import System.FilePath
-import Control.Monad(when,unless,forM_)
+import Control.Monad(when,unless,forM,void)
 
 -- | Compile the given GF grammar files. The result is a number of @.gfo@ files
 -- and, depending on the options, a @.pgf@ file. (@gf -batch@, @gf -make@)
@@ -47,7 +51,7 @@ mainGFC opts fs = do
    extensionIs ext = (== ext) .  takeExtension
 
 compileSourceFiles :: Options -> [FilePath] -> IOE ()
-compileSourceFiles opts fs = 
+compileSourceFiles opts fs =
     do output <- batchCompile opts fs
        exportCanonical output
        unless (flag optStopAfterPhase opts == Compile) $
@@ -93,6 +97,10 @@ compileSourceFiles opts fs =
 -- If a @.pgf@ file by the same name already exists and it is newer than the
 -- source grammar files (as indicated by the 'UTCTime' argument), it is not
 -- recreated. Calls 'writePGF' and 'writeOutputs'.
+linkGrammars :: Options -> (UTCTime,[(ModuleName, Grammar)]) -> IOE ()
+linkGrammars opts (_,cnc_grs) | FmtLPGF `elem` flag optOutputFormats opts = do
+  lpgf <- linkl opts (head cnc_grs)
+  void $ writeLPGF opts lpgf
 linkGrammars opts (t_src,~cnc_grs@(~(cnc,gr):_)) =
     do let abs = render (srcAbsName gr cnc)
            pgfFile = outputPath opts (grammarName' opts abs<.>"pgf")
@@ -145,7 +153,7 @@ unionPGFFiles opts fs =
              pgfFile = outputPath opts (grammarName opts pgf <.> "pgf")
          if pgfFile `elem` fs
            then putStrLnE $ "Refusing to overwrite " ++ pgfFile
-           else writePGF opts pgf
+           else void $ writePGF opts pgf
          writeOutputs opts pgf
 
     readPGFVerbose f =
@@ -155,33 +163,46 @@ unionPGFFiles opts fs =
 -- Calls 'exportPGF'.
 writeOutputs :: Options -> PGF -> IOE ()
 writeOutputs opts pgf = do
-  sequence_ [writeOutput opts name str 
+  sequence_ [writeOutput opts name str
                  | fmt <- flag optOutputFormats opts,
                    (name,str) <- exportPGF opts fmt pgf]
 
 -- | Write the result of compiling a grammar (e.g. with 'compileToPGF' or
 -- 'link') to a @.pgf@ file.
 -- A split PGF file is output if the @-split-pgf@ option is used.
-writePGF :: Options -> PGF -> IOE ()
+writePGF :: Options -> PGF -> IOE [FilePath]
 writePGF opts pgf =
     if flag optSplitPGF opts then writeSplitPGF else writeNormalPGF
   where
     writeNormalPGF =
        do let outfile = outputPath opts (grammarName opts pgf <.> "pgf")
           writing opts outfile $ encodeFile outfile pgf
+          return [outfile]
 
     writeSplitPGF =
       do let outfile = outputPath opts (grammarName opts pgf <.> "pgf")
          writing opts outfile $ BSL.writeFile outfile (runPut (putSplitAbs pgf))
                                 --encodeFile_ outfile (putSplitAbs pgf)
-         forM_ (Map.toList (concretes pgf)) $ \cnc -> do
+         outfiles <- forM (Map.toList (concretes pgf)) $ \cnc -> do
            let outfile = outputPath opts (showCId (fst cnc) <.> "pgf_c")
            writing opts outfile $ encodeFile outfile cnc
+           return outfile
 
+         return (outfile:outfiles)
 
-writeOutput :: Options -> FilePath-> String -> IOE ()
+writeLPGF :: Options -> LPGF -> IOE FilePath
-writeOutput opts file str = writing opts path $ writeUTF8File path str
+writeLPGF opts lpgf = do
-  where path = outputPath opts file
+  let
+    grammarName = fromMaybe (showCId (LPGF.abstractName lpgf)) (flag optName opts)
+    outfile = outputPath opts (grammarName <.> "lpgf")
+  writing opts outfile $ liftIO $ LPGF.encodeFile outfile lpgf
+  return outfile
+
+writeOutput :: Options -> FilePath-> String -> IOE FilePath
+writeOutput opts file str = do
+  let outfile = outputPath opts file
+  writing opts outfile $ writeUTF8File outfile str
+  return outfile
 
 -- * Useful helper functions
 

src/compiler/GF/Data/IntMapBuilder.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+-- | In order to build an IntMap in one pass, we need a map data structure with
+-- fast lookup in both keys and values.
+-- This is achieved by keeping a separate reversed map of values to keys during building.
+module GF.Data.IntMapBuilder where
+
+import Data.IntMap (IntMap)
+import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap
+import Data.Hashable (Hashable)
+import Data.HashMap.Strict (HashMap)
+import qualified Data.HashMap.Strict as HashMap
+import Data.Tuple (swap)
+import Prelude hiding (lookup)
+
+data IMB a = IMB {
+  intMap :: IntMap a,
+  valMap :: HashMap a Int
+}
+
+-- | An empty IMB
+empty :: (Eq a, Hashable a) => IMB a
+empty = IMB {
+  intMap = IntMap.empty,
+  valMap = HashMap.empty
+}
+
+-- | Lookup a value
+lookup :: (Eq a, Hashable a) => a -> IMB a -> Maybe Int
+lookup a IMB { valMap = vm } = HashMap.lookup a vm
+
+-- | Insert without any lookup
+insert :: (Eq a, Hashable a) => a -> IMB a -> (Int, IMB a)
+insert a IMB { intMap = im, valMap = vm } =
+  let
+    ix = IntMap.size im
+    im' = IntMap.insert ix a im
+    vm' = HashMap.insert a ix vm
+    imb' = IMB { intMap = im', valMap = vm' }
+  in
+    (ix, imb')
+
+-- | Insert only when lookup fails
+insert' :: (Eq a, Hashable a) => a -> IMB a -> (Int, IMB a)
+insert' a imb =
+  case lookup a imb of
+    Just ix -> (ix, imb)
+    Nothing -> insert a imb
+
+-- | Build IMB from existing IntMap
+fromIntMap :: (Eq a, Hashable a) => IntMap a -> IMB a
+fromIntMap im = IMB {
+  intMap = im,
+  valMap = HashMap.fromList (map swap (IntMap.toList im))
+}
+
+-- | Get IntMap from IMB
+toIntMap :: (Eq a, Hashable a) => IMB a -> IntMap a
+toIntMap = intMap

src/compiler/GF/Grammar/Canonical.hs

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ data TypeApp  = TypeApp CatId [Type]        deriving Show
 data TypeBinding = TypeBinding VarId Type   deriving Show
 
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- ** Concreate syntax
+-- ** Concrete syntax
 
 -- | Concrete Syntax
 data Concrete  = Concrete ModId ModId Flags [ParamDef] [LincatDef] [LinDef]
@@ -44,12 +44,12 @@ data LincatDef = LincatDef CatId LinType  deriving Show
 data LinDef    = LinDef FunId [VarId] LinValue  deriving Show
 
 -- | Linearization type, RHS of @lincat@
-data LinType = FloatType 
+data LinType = FloatType
-             | IntType 
+             | IntType
              | ParamType ParamType
              | RecordType [RecordRowType]
-             | StrType 
+             | StrType
-             | TableType LinType LinType 
+             | TableType LinType LinType
              | TupleType [LinType]
               deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ newtype ParamType = ParamTypeId ParamId deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
 data LinValue = ConcatValue LinValue LinValue
               | LiteralValue LinLiteral
               | ErrorValue String
-              | ParamConstant ParamValue 
+              | ParamConstant ParamValue
               | PredefValue PredefId
               | RecordValue [RecordRowValue]
               | TableValue LinType [TableRowValue]
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ data LinValue = ConcatValue LinValue LinValue
               | CommentedValue String LinValue
               deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
 
-data LinLiteral = FloatConstant Float 
+data LinLiteral = FloatConstant Float
-                | IntConstant Int 
+                | IntConstant Int
-                | StrConstant String 
+                | StrConstant String
                 deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
 
 data LinPattern = ParamPattern ParamPattern
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ data TableRow  rhs = TableRow  LinPattern rhs
 
 -- *** Identifiers in Concrete Syntax
 
-newtype PredefId = PredefId Id        deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
+newtype PredefId   = PredefId Id        deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
-newtype LabelId  = LabelId Id         deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
+newtype LabelId    = LabelId Id         deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
-data VarValueId  = VarValueId QualId  deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
+newtype VarValueId = VarValueId QualId  deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
 
--- | Name of param type or param value 
+-- | Name of param type or param value
 newtype ParamId = ParamId QualId  deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
 
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -115,9 +115,9 @@ newtype ParamId = ParamId QualId  deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
 newtype ModId = ModId Id  deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
 
 newtype CatId = CatId Id  deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
-newtype FunId = FunId Id  deriving (Eq,Show)
+newtype FunId = FunId Id  deriving (Eq,Ord,Show)
 
-data VarId = Anonymous | VarId Id  deriving Show
+data VarId = Anonymous | VarId Id  deriving (Eq,Show)
 
 newtype Flags = Flags [(FlagName,FlagValue)] deriving Show
 type FlagName = Id
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ instance PPA LinLiteral where
             FloatConstant f -> pp f
             IntConstant n -> pp n
             StrConstant s -> doubleQuotes s -- hmm
-  
+
 instance RhsSeparator LinValue where rhsSep _ = pp "="
 
 instance Pretty LinPattern where
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ instance PPA LinPattern where
       ParamPattern pv -> ppA pv
       RecordPattern r -> block r
       TuplePattern ps -> "<"<>punctuate "," ps<>">"
-      WildPattern     -> pp "_"                
+      WildPattern     -> pp "_"
       _ -> parens p
 
 instance RhsSeparator LinPattern where rhsSep _ = pp "="

src/compiler/GF/Infra/Option.hs

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ module GF.Infra.Option
     (
      -- ** Command line options
      -- *** Option types
-     Options, 
+     Options,
-     Flags(..), 
+     Flags(..),
-     Mode(..), Phase(..), Verbosity(..), 
+     Mode(..), Phase(..), Verbosity(..),
-     OutputFormat(..), 
+     OutputFormat(..),
      SISRFormat(..), Optimization(..), CFGTransform(..), HaskellOption(..),
      Dump(..), Pass(..), Recomp(..),
-     outputFormatsExpl, 
+     outputFormatsExpl,
      -- *** Option parsing
      parseOptions, parseModuleOptions, fixRelativeLibPaths,
      -- *** Option pretty-printing
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ import PGF.Internal(Literal(..))
 import qualified Control.Monad.Fail as Fail
 
 usageHeader :: String
-usageHeader = unlines 
+usageHeader = unlines
  ["Usage: gf [OPTIONS] [FILE [...]]",
   "",
   "How each FILE is handled depends on the file name suffix:",
@@ -87,13 +87,14 @@ data Verbosity = Quiet | Normal | Verbose | Debug
 data Phase = Preproc | Convert | Compile | Link
   deriving (Show,Eq,Ord)
 
-data OutputFormat = FmtPGFPretty
+data OutputFormat = FmtLPGF
+                  | FmtPGFPretty
                   | FmtCanonicalGF
                   | FmtCanonicalJson
-                  | FmtJavaScript 
+                  | FmtJavaScript
                   | FmtJSON
-                  | FmtPython 
+                  | FmtPython
-                  | FmtHaskell 
+                  | FmtHaskell
                   | FmtJava
                   | FmtProlog
                   | FmtBNF
@@ -102,30 +103,30 @@ data OutputFormat = FmtPGFPretty
                   | FmtNoLR
                   | FmtSRGS_XML
                   | FmtSRGS_XML_NonRec
-                  | FmtSRGS_ABNF 
+                  | FmtSRGS_ABNF
                   | FmtSRGS_ABNF_NonRec
-                  | FmtJSGF 
+                  | FmtJSGF
-                  | FmtGSL 
+                  | FmtGSL
                   | FmtVoiceXML
                   | FmtSLF
                   | FmtRegExp
                   | FmtFA
   deriving (Eq,Ord)
 
-data SISRFormat = 
+data SISRFormat =
     -- | SISR Working draft 1 April 2003
     --   <http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-semantic-interpretation-20030401/>
-    SISR_WD20030401    
+    SISR_WD20030401
   | SISR_1_0
  deriving (Show,Eq,Ord)
 
 data Optimization = OptStem | OptCSE | OptExpand | OptParametrize
   deriving (Show,Eq,Ord)
 
-data CFGTransform = CFGNoLR 
+data CFGTransform = CFGNoLR
                   | CFGRegular
-                  | CFGTopDownFilter 
+                  | CFGTopDownFilter
-                  | CFGBottomUpFilter 
+                  | CFGBottomUpFilter
                   | CFGStartCatOnly
                   | CFGMergeIdentical
                   | CFGRemoveCycles
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@ instance Show Options where
 parseOptions :: ErrorMonad err =>
                 [String]                   -- ^ list of string arguments
              -> err (Options, [FilePath])
-parseOptions args 
+parseOptions args
   | not (null errs) = errors errs
   | otherwise       = do opts <- concatOptions `fmap` liftErr (sequence optss)
                          return (opts, files)
@@ -208,7 +209,7 @@ parseModuleOptions :: ErrorMonad err =>
                    -> err Options
 parseModuleOptions args = do
   (opts,nonopts) <- parseOptions args
-  if null nonopts 
+  if null nonopts
     then return opts
     else errors $ map ("Non-option among module options: " ++) nonopts
 
@@ -281,7 +282,7 @@ defaultFlags = Flags {
       optOptimizations   = Set.fromList [OptStem,OptCSE,OptExpand,OptParametrize],
       optOptimizePGF     = False,
       optSplitPGF        = False,
-      optCFGTransforms   = Set.fromList [CFGRemoveCycles, CFGBottomUpFilter, 
+      optCFGTransforms   = Set.fromList [CFGRemoveCycles, CFGBottomUpFilter,
                                          CFGTopDownFilter, CFGMergeIdentical],
       optLibraryPath     = [],
       optStartCat        = Nothing,
@@ -301,7 +302,7 @@ defaultFlags = Flags {
 -- | Option descriptions
 {-# NOINLINE optDescr #-}
 optDescr :: [OptDescr (Err Options)]
-optDescr = 
+optDescr =
     [
      Option ['?','h'] ["help"] (NoArg (mode ModeHelp)) "Show help message.",
      Option ['V'] ["version"] (NoArg (mode ModeVersion)) "Display GF version number.",
@@ -327,44 +328,44 @@ optDescr =
 --   Option ['t'] ["trace"] (NoArg (trace True)) "Trace computations",
 --   Option [] ["no-trace"] (NoArg (trace False)) "Don't trace computations",
      Option [] ["gfo-dir"] (ReqArg gfoDir "DIR") "Directory to put .gfo files in (default = '.').",
-     Option ['f'] ["output-format"] (ReqArg outFmt "FMT") 
+     Option ['f'] ["output-format"] (ReqArg outFmt "FMT")
         (unlines ["Output format. FMT can be one of:",
                   "Canonical GF grammar: canonical_gf, canonical_json, (and haskell with option --haskell=concrete)",
-                  "Multiple concrete: pgf (default), json, js, pgf_pretty, prolog, python, ...", -- gar,
+                  "Multiple concrete: pgf (default), lpgf, json, js, pgf_pretty, prolog, python, ...", -- gar,
                   "Single concrete only: bnf, ebnf, fa, gsl, jsgf, regexp, slf, srgs_xml, srgs_abnf, vxml, ....", -- cf, lbnf,
                   "Abstract only: haskell, ..."]), -- prolog_abs,
-     Option [] ["sisr"] (ReqArg sisrFmt "FMT") 
+     Option [] ["sisr"] (ReqArg sisrFmt "FMT")
         (unlines ["Include SISR tags in generated speech recognition grammars.",
                   "FMT can be one of: old, 1.0"]),
-     Option [] ["haskell"] (ReqArg hsOption "OPTION") 
+     Option [] ["haskell"] (ReqArg hsOption "OPTION")
-            ("Turn on an optional feature when generating Haskell data types. OPTION = " 
+            ("Turn on an optional feature when generating Haskell data types. OPTION = "
              ++ concat (intersperse " | " (map fst haskellOptionNames))),
-     Option [] ["lexical"] (ReqArg lexicalCat "CAT[,CAT[...]]") 
+     Option [] ["lexical"] (ReqArg lexicalCat "CAT[,CAT[...]]")
             "Treat CAT as a lexical category.",
-     Option [] ["literal"] (ReqArg literalCat "CAT[,CAT[...]]") 
+     Option [] ["literal"] (ReqArg literalCat "CAT[,CAT[...]]")
             "Treat CAT as a literal category.",
-     Option ['D'] ["output-dir"] (ReqArg outDir "DIR") 
+     Option ['D'] ["output-dir"] (ReqArg outDir "DIR")
            "Save output files (other than .gfo files) in DIR.",
-     Option [] ["gf-lib-path"] (ReqArg gfLibPath "DIR") 
+     Option [] ["gf-lib-path"] (ReqArg gfLibPath "DIR")
            "Overrides the value of GF_LIB_PATH.",
-     Option [] ["src","force-recomp"] (NoArg (recomp AlwaysRecomp)) 
+     Option [] ["src","force-recomp"] (NoArg (recomp AlwaysRecomp))
                  "Always recompile from source.",
-     Option [] ["recomp-if-newer"] (NoArg (recomp RecompIfNewer)) 
+     Option [] ["recomp-if-newer"] (NoArg (recomp RecompIfNewer))
                  "(default) Recompile from source if the source is newer than the .gfo file.",
-     Option [] ["gfo","no-recomp"] (NoArg (recomp NeverRecomp)) 
+     Option [] ["gfo","no-recomp"] (NoArg (recomp NeverRecomp))
                  "Never recompile from source, if there is already .gfo file.",
      Option [] ["retain"] (NoArg (set $ \o -> o { optRetainResource = True })) "Retain opers.",
      Option [] ["probs"] (ReqArg probsFile "file.probs") "Read probabilities from file.",
-     Option ['n'] ["name"] (ReqArg name "NAME") 
+     Option ['n'] ["name"] (ReqArg name "NAME")
            (unlines ["Use NAME as the name of the output. This is used in the output file names, ",
                      "with suffixes depending on the formats, and, when relevant, ",
                      "internally in the output."]),
      Option ['i'] [] (ReqArg addLibDir "DIR") "Add DIR to the library search path.",
      Option [] ["path"] (ReqArg setLibPath "DIR:DIR:...") "Set the library search path.",
-     Option [] ["preproc"] (ReqArg preproc "CMD") 
+     Option [] ["preproc"] (ReqArg preproc "CMD")
                  (unlines ["Use CMD to preprocess input files.",
                            "Multiple preprocessors can be used by giving this option multiple times."]),
-     Option [] ["coding"] (ReqArg coding "ENCODING") 
+     Option [] ["coding"] (ReqArg coding "ENCODING")
                 ("Character encoding of the source grammar, ENCODING = utf8, latin1, cp1251, ..."),
      Option [] ["startcat"] (ReqArg startcat "CAT") "Grammar start category.",
      Option [] ["language"] (ReqArg language "LANG") "Set the speech language flag to LANG in the generated grammar.",
@@ -372,7 +373,7 @@ optDescr =
      Option [] ["unlexer"] (ReqArg unlexer "UNLEXER") "Use unlexer UNLEXER.",
      Option [] ["pmcfg"] (NoArg (pmcfg True)) "Generate PMCFG (default).",
      Option [] ["no-pmcfg"] (NoArg (pmcfg False)) "Don't generate PMCFG (useful for libraries).",
-     Option [] ["optimize"] (ReqArg optimize "OPT") 
+     Option [] ["optimize"] (ReqArg optimize "OPT")
                 "Select an optimization package. OPT = all | values | parametrize | none",
      Option [] ["optimize-pgf"] (NoArg (optimize_pgf True))
                 "Enable or disable global grammar optimization. This could significantly reduce the size of the final PGF file",
@@ -447,7 +448,7 @@ optDescr =
        optimize    x = case lookup x optimizationPackages of
                          Just p  -> set $ \o -> o { optOptimizations = p }
                          Nothing -> fail $ "Unknown optimization package: " ++ x
-                         
+
        optimize_pgf x = set $ \o -> o { optOptimizePGF = x }
        splitPGF x = set $ \o -> o { optSplitPGF = x }
 
@@ -471,8 +472,9 @@ outputFormats :: [(String,OutputFormat)]
 outputFormats = map fst outputFormatsExpl
 
 outputFormatsExpl :: [((String,OutputFormat),String)]
-outputFormatsExpl = 
+outputFormatsExpl =
-    [(("pgf_pretty",   FmtPGFPretty),"human-readable pgf"),
+    [(("lpgf",         FmtLPGF),"Linearisation-only PGF"),
+     (("pgf_pretty",   FmtPGFPretty),"Human-readable PGF"),
      (("canonical_gf", FmtCanonicalGF),"Canonical GF source files"),
      (("canonical_json", FmtCanonicalJson),"Canonical JSON source files"),
      (("js",           FmtJavaScript),"JavaScript (whole grammar)"),
@@ -504,11 +506,11 @@ instance Read OutputFormat where
     readsPrec = lookupReadsPrec outputFormats
 
 optimizationPackages :: [(String, Set Optimization)]
-optimizationPackages = 
+optimizationPackages =
     [("all",         Set.fromList [OptStem,OptCSE,OptExpand,OptParametrize]),
      ("values",      Set.fromList [OptStem,OptCSE,OptExpand]),
      ("noexpand",    Set.fromList [OptStem,OptCSE]),
-     
+
      -- deprecated
      ("all_subs",    Set.fromList [OptStem,OptCSE,OptExpand,OptParametrize]),
      ("parametrize", Set.fromList [OptStem,OptCSE,OptExpand,OptParametrize]),
@@ -516,7 +518,7 @@ optimizationPackages =
     ]
 
 cfgTransformNames :: [(String, CFGTransform)]
-cfgTransformNames = 
+cfgTransformNames =
     [("nolr",         CFGNoLR),
      ("regular",      CFGRegular),
      ("topdown",      CFGTopDownFilter),
@@ -558,7 +560,7 @@ onOff f def = OptArg g "[on,off]"
                         _     -> fail $ "Expected [on,off], got: " ++ show x
 
 readOutputFormat :: Fail.MonadFail m => String -> m OutputFormat
-readOutputFormat s = 
+readOutputFormat s =
     maybe (fail $ "Unknown output format: " ++ show s) return $ lookup s outputFormats
 
 -- FIXME: this is a copy of the function in GF.Devel.UseIO.
@@ -570,7 +572,7 @@ splitInModuleSearchPath s = case break isPathSep s of
     isPathSep :: Char -> Bool
     isPathSep c = c == ':' || c == ';'
 
--- 
+--
 -- * Convenience functions for checking options
 --
 
@@ -592,7 +594,7 @@ isLiteralCat opts c = Set.member c (flag optLiteralCats opts)
 isLexicalCat :: Options -> String -> Bool
 isLexicalCat opts c = Set.member c (flag optLexicalCats opts)
 
--- 
+--
 -- * Convenience functions for setting options
 --
 
@@ -623,8 +625,8 @@ readMaybe s = case reads s of
 
 toEnumBounded :: (Bounded a, Enum a, Ord a) => Int -> Maybe a
 toEnumBounded i = let mi = minBound
-                      ma = maxBound `asTypeOf` mi                      
+                      ma = maxBound `asTypeOf` mi
-                   in if i >= fromEnum mi && i <= fromEnum ma 
+                   in if i >= fromEnum mi && i <= fromEnum ma
                         then Just (toEnum i `asTypeOf` mi)
                         else Nothing
 

src/runtime/haskell/LPGF.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+
+-- | Linearisation-only grammar format.
+-- Closely follows description in Section 2 of Angelov, Bringert, Ranta (2009):
+-- "PGF: A Portable Run-Time Format for Type-Theoretical Grammars".
+-- http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.640.6330&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+module LPGF where
+
+import PGF (Language)
+import PGF.CId
+import PGF.Expr (Expr)
+import PGF.Tree (Tree (..), expr2tree, prTree)
+
+import qualified Control.Exception as EX
+import Control.Monad (liftM, liftM2, forM_)
+import qualified Control.Monad.Writer as CMW
+import Data.Char (toUpper)
+import Data.Binary (Binary, put, get, putWord8, getWord8, encodeFile, decodeFile)
+import Data.Either (isLeft)
+import qualified Data.IntMap as IntMap
+import Data.List (isPrefixOf)
+import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map
+import Text.Printf (printf)
+
+import Prelude hiding ((!!))
+import qualified Prelude
+
+-- | Linearisation-only PGF
+data LPGF = LPGF {
+  absname   :: CId,
+  abstract  :: Abstract,
+  concretes :: Map.Map CId Concrete
+} deriving (Show)
+
+-- | Abstract syntax (currently empty)
+data Abstract = Abstract {
+} deriving (Show)
+
+-- | Concrete syntax
+data Concrete = Concrete {
+  toks    :: IntMap.IntMap String, -- ^ all strings are stored exactly once here
+  -- lincats :: Map.Map CId LinType, -- ^ a linearization type for each category
+  lins    :: Map.Map CId LinFun  -- ^ a linearization function for each function
+} deriving (Show)
+
+-- | Abstract function type
+-- data Type = Type [CId] CId
+--   deriving (Show)
+
+-- -- | Linearisation type
+-- data LinType =
+--     StrType
+--   | IxType Int
+--   | ProductType [LinType]
+--   deriving (Show)
+
+-- | Linearisation function
+data LinFun =
+  -- Additions
+    Error String -- ^ a runtime error, should probably not be supported at all
+  | Bind -- ^ join adjacent tokens
+  | Space -- ^ space between adjacent tokens
+  | Capit -- ^ capitalise next character
+  | AllCapit -- ^ capitalise next word
+  | Pre [([String], LinFun)] LinFun
+  | Missing CId -- ^ missing definition (inserted at runtime)
+
+  -- From original definition in paper
+  | Empty
+  | Token String
+  | Concat LinFun LinFun
+  | Ix Int
+  | Tuple [LinFun]
+  | Projection LinFun LinFun
+  | Argument Int
+
+  -- For reducing LPGF file when stored
+  | PreIx [(Int, LinFun)] LinFun -- ^ index into `toks` map (must apply read to convert to list)
+  | TokenIx Int -- ^ index into `toks` map
+
+  deriving (Show, Read)
+
+instance Binary LPGF where
+  put lpgf = do
+    put (absname lpgf)
+    put (abstract lpgf)
+    put (concretes lpgf)
+  get = do
+    an <- get
+    abs <- get
+    concs <- get
+    return $ LPGF {
+      absname = an,
+      abstract = abs,
+      concretes = concs
+    }
+
+instance Binary Abstract where
+  put abs = return ()
+  get = return $ Abstract {}
+
+instance Binary Concrete where
+  put concr = do
+    put (toks concr)
+    put (lins concr)
+  get = do
+    ts <- get
+    ls <- get
+    return $ Concrete {
+      toks = ts,
+      lins = ls
+    }
+
+instance Binary LinFun where
+  put = \case
+    Error e          -> putWord8 0 >> put e
+    Bind             -> putWord8 1
+    Space            -> putWord8 2
+    Capit            -> putWord8 3
+    AllCapit         -> putWord8 4
+    Pre ps d         -> putWord8 5 >> put (ps,d)
+    Missing f        -> putWord8 13 >> put f
+
+    Empty            -> putWord8 6
+    Token t          -> putWord8 7 >> put t
+    Concat l1 l2     -> putWord8 8 >> put (l1,l2)
+    Ix i             -> putWord8 9 >> put i
+    Tuple ls         -> putWord8 10 >> put ls
+    Projection l1 l2 -> putWord8 11 >> put (l1,l2)
+    Argument i       -> putWord8 12 >> put i
+
+    PreIx ps d       -> putWord8 15 >> put (ps,d)
+    TokenIx i        -> putWord8 14 >> put i
+
+  get = do
+    tag <- getWord8
+    case tag of
+      0  -> liftM  Error get
+      1  -> return Bind
+      2  -> return Space
+      3  -> return Capit
+      4  -> return AllCapit
+      5  -> liftM2 Pre get get
+      13 -> liftM  Missing get
+
+      6  -> return Empty
+      7  -> liftM  Token get
+      8  -> liftM2 Concat get get
+      9  -> liftM  Ix get
+      10 -> liftM  Tuple get
+      11 -> liftM2 Projection get get
+      12 -> liftM  Argument get
+
+      15 -> liftM2 PreIx get get
+      14 -> liftM  TokenIx get
+      _  -> fail "Failed to decode LPGF binary format"
+
+abstractName :: LPGF -> CId
+abstractName = absname
+
+encodeFile :: FilePath -> LPGF -> IO ()
+encodeFile = Data.Binary.encodeFile
+
+readLPGF :: FilePath -> IO LPGF
+readLPGF = Data.Binary.decodeFile
+
+-- | Main linearize function, to 'String'
+linearize :: LPGF -> Language -> Expr -> String
+linearize lpgf lang =
+  case Map.lookup lang (concretes lpgf) of
+    Just concr -> linearizeConcrete concr
+    Nothing -> error $ printf "Unknown language: %s" (showCId lang)
+
+-- | Language-specific linearize function, to 'String'
+linearizeConcrete :: Concrete -> Expr -> String
+linearizeConcrete concr expr = lin2string $ lin (expr2tree expr)
+  where
+    lin :: Tree -> LinFun
+    lin tree = case tree of
+      Fun f as ->
+        case Map.lookup f (lins concr) of
+          Just t -> eval cxt t
+            where cxt = Context { cxToks = toks concr, cxArgs = map lin as }
+          _ -> Missing f
+      x -> error $ printf "Cannot lin: %s" (prTree x)
+
+-- | Run a compatation and catch any exception/errors.
+-- Ideally this library should never throw exceptions, but we're still in development...
+try :: a -> IO (Either String a)
+try comp = do
+  let f = Right <$> EX.evaluate comp
+  EX.catch f (\(e :: EX.SomeException) -> return $ Left (show e))
+
+-- | Evaluation context
+data Context = Context {
+  cxArgs :: [LinFun], -- ^  is a sequence of terms
+  cxToks :: IntMap.IntMap String -- ^ token map
+}
+
+-- | Operational semantics
+eval :: Context -> LinFun -> LinFun
+eval cxt t = case t of
+  Error err -> error err
+  Pre pts df -> Pre pts' df'
+    where
+      pts' = [(pfxs, eval cxt t) | (pfxs, t) <- pts]
+      df' = eval cxt df
+
+  Concat s t -> Concat v w
+    where
+      v = eval cxt s
+      w = eval cxt t
+  Tuple ts -> Tuple vs
+    where vs = map (eval cxt) ts
+  Projection t u ->
+    case (eval cxt t, eval cxt u) of
+      (Missing f, _) -> Missing f
+      (_, Missing f) -> Missing f
+      (Tuple vs, Ix i) -> vs !! (i-1)
+      (t', tv@(Tuple _)) -> eval cxt $ foldl Projection t' (flattenTuple tv)
+      (t',u') -> error $ printf "Incompatible projection:\n- %s\n⇓ %s\n- %s\n⇓ %s" (show t) (show t') (show u) (show u')
+  Argument i -> cxArgs cxt !! (i-1)
+
+  PreIx pts df -> Pre pts' df'
+    where
+      pts' = [(pfxs, eval cxt t) | (ix, t) <- pts, let pfxs = maybe [] read $ IntMap.lookup ix (cxToks cxt)]
+      df' = eval cxt df
+  TokenIx i -> maybe Empty Token $ IntMap.lookup i (cxToks cxt)
+
+  _ -> t
+
+flattenTuple :: LinFun -> [LinFun]
+flattenTuple = \case
+  Tuple vs -> concatMap flattenTuple vs
+  lf -> [lf]
+
+-- | Turn concrete syntax terms into an actual string.
+-- This is done in two passes, first to flatten concats & evaluate pre's, then to
+-- apply BIND and other predefs.
+lin2string :: LinFun -> String
+lin2string lf = unwords $ join $ flatten [lf]
+  where
+    -- Process bind et al into final token list
+    join :: [Either LinFun String] -> [String]
+    join elt = case elt of
+      Right tok:Left Bind:ls ->
+        case join ls of
+          next:ls' -> tok : next : ls'
+          _ -> []
+      Right tok:ls -> tok : join ls
+      Left Space:ls -> join ls
+      Left Capit:ls ->
+        case join ls of
+          next:ls' -> (toUpper (head next) : tail next) : ls'
+          _ -> []
+      Left AllCapit:ls ->
+        case join ls of
+          next:ls' -> map toUpper next : ls'
+          _ -> []
+      Left (Missing cid):ls -> join (Right (printf "[%s]" (show cid)) : ls)
+      [] -> []
+      x -> error $ printf "Unhandled term in lin2string: %s" (show x)
+
+    -- Process concats, tuples, pre into flat list
+    flatten :: [LinFun] -> [Either LinFun String]
+    flatten [] = []
+    flatten (l:ls) = case l of
+      Empty -> flatten ls
+      Token "" -> flatten ls
+      Token tok -> Right tok : flatten ls
+      Concat l1 l2 -> flatten (l1 : l2 : ls)
+      Tuple [l] -> flatten (l:ls)
+      Tuple (l:_) -> flatten (l:ls) -- unselected table, just choose first option (see e.g. FoodsJpn)
+      Pre pts df ->
+        let
+          f = flatten ls
+          ch = case dropWhile isLeft f of
+            Right next:_ ->
+              let matches = [ l | (pfxs, l) <- pts, any (`isPrefixOf` next) pfxs ]
+              in  if null matches then df else head matches
+            _ -> df
+        in flatten (ch:ls)
+      x -> Left x : flatten ls
+
+-- | List indexing with more verbose error messages
+(!!) :: (Show a) => [a] -> Int -> a
+(!!) xs i
+  | i < 0 = error $ printf "!!: index %d too small for list: %s" i (show xs)
+  | i > length xs - 1 = error $ printf "!!: index %d too large for list: %s" i (show xs)
+  | otherwise = xs Prelude.!! i
+
+isIx :: LinFun -> Bool
+isIx (Ix _) = True
+isIx _ = False
+
+-- | Helper for building concat trees
+mkConcat :: [LinFun] -> LinFun
+mkConcat [] = Empty
+mkConcat [x] = x
+mkConcat xs = foldl1 Concat xs
+
+-- | Helper for unfolding concat trees
+unConcat :: LinFun -> [LinFun]
+unConcat (Concat l1 l2) = concatMap unConcat [l1, l2]
+unConcat lf = [lf]
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Pretty-printing
+
+type Doc = CMW.Writer [String] ()
+
+render :: Doc -> String
+render = unlines . CMW.execWriter
+
+class PP a where
+  pp :: a -> Doc
+
+instance PP LPGF where
+  pp (LPGF _ _ cncs) = mapM_ pp cncs
+
+instance PP Concrete where
+  pp (Concrete toks lins) = do
+    forM_ (IntMap.toList toks) $ \(i,tok) ->
+      CMW.tell [show i ++ " " ++ tok]
+    CMW.tell [""]
+    forM_ (Map.toList lins) $ \(cid,lin) -> do
+      CMW.tell ["# " ++ showCId cid]
+      pp lin
+      CMW.tell [""]
+
+instance PP LinFun where
+  pp = pp' 0
+    where
+      pp' n = \case
+        Pre ps d -> do
+          p "Pre"
+          CMW.tell [ replicate (2*(n+1)) ' ' ++ show p | p <- ps ]
+          pp' (n+1) d
+
+        c@(Concat l1 l2) -> do
+          let ts = unConcat c
+          if any isDeep ts
+          then do
+            p "Concat"
+            mapM_ (pp' (n+1)) ts
+          else
+            p $ "Concat " ++ show ts
+        Tuple ls | any isDeep ls -> do
+          p "Tuple"
+          mapM_ (pp' (n+1)) ls
+        Projection l1 l2 | isDeep l1 || isDeep l2 -> do
+          p "Projection"
+          pp' (n+1) l1
+          pp' (n+1) l2
+        t -> p $ show t
+        where
+          p :: String -> Doc
+          p t = CMW.tell [ replicate (2*n) ' ' ++ t ]
+
+      isDeep = not . isTerm
+      isTerm = \case
+        Pre _ _ -> False
+        Concat _ _ -> False
+        Tuple _ -> False
+        Projection _ _ -> False
+        _ -> True

testsuite/lpgf/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+# LPGF testsuite & benchmark
+
+## Test
+
+LPGF must be equivalent to PGF in terms of linearisation output.
+
+Possible exceptions:
+- No handling of variants (design choice)
+- Rendering of missing fucntions
+
+### Running
+
+```
+stack build --test --bench --no-run-tests --no-run-benchmarks
+stack test gf:test:lpgf # all LPGF tests
+stack test gf:test:lpgf --test-arguments="unittests/Params" # specific grammar
+stack test gf:test:lpgf --test-arguments="foods/Foods Fre Ger" # specific grammar and languages
+```
+
+```
+stack build --test --bench --no-run-tests --no-run-benchmarks && DEBUG=1 stack test gf:test:lpgf --test-arguments="foods/Foods Fre Ger"
+stack build --test --bench --no-run-tests --no-run-benchmarks && DEBUG=1 stack test gf:test:lpgf --test-arguments="phrasebook/Phrasebook Bul"
+```
+
+Set environment variable `DEBUG=1` to enable dumping of intermediate formats.
+
+## Benchmark
+
+Compare performance metrics between LPGF and PGF[2]. Note: correctness is not checked here.
+
+### Compilation
+
+Comparing PGF, LPGF along following criteria:
+
+- Time
+- Memory
+- Binary file size
+
+### Runtime (linearisation)
+
+Comparing PGF, PGF2, LPGF along following criteria:
+
+- Time
+- Memory
+
+### Running
+
+Run each command separately so that memory measurements are isolated.
+The `+RTS -T -RTS` is so that GHC can report its own memory usage.
+
+```
+stack build --test --bench --no-run-tests --no-run-benchmarks &&
+stack bench --benchmark-arguments "compile pgf  testsuite/lpgf/foods/Foods*.gf +RTS -T -RTS" &&
+stack bench --benchmark-arguments "compile lpgf testsuite/lpgf/foods/Foods*.gf +RTS -T -RTS" &&
+stack bench --benchmark-arguments "run pgf  Foods.pgf  testsuite/lpgf/foods/Foods-all.trees +RTS -T -RTS" &&
+stack bench --benchmark-arguments "run pgf2 Foods.pgf  testsuite/lpgf/foods/Foods-all.trees +RTS -T -RTS" &&
+stack bench --benchmark-arguments "run lpgf Foods.lpgf testsuite/lpgf/foods/Foods-all.trees +RTS -T -RTS"
+```
+
+```
+stack build --test --bench --no-run-tests --no-run-benchmarks &&
+stack bench --benchmark-arguments "compile pgf  testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/Phrasebook*.gf +RTS -T -RTS" &&
+stack bench --benchmark-arguments "compile lpgf testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/Phrasebook*.gf +RTS -T -RTS" &&
+stack bench --benchmark-arguments "run pgf  Phrasebook.pgf  testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/Phrasebook-10000.trees +RTS -T -RTS" &&
+stack bench --benchmark-arguments "run pgf2 Phrasebook.pgf  testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/Phrasebook-10000.trees +RTS -T -RTS" &&
+stack bench --benchmark-arguments "run lpgf Phrasebook.lpgf testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/Phrasebook-10000.trees +RTS -T -RTS"
+```
+
+## Profiling
+
+```
+stack bench --work-dir .stack-work-profile --profile --benchmark-arguments "compile lpgf testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/PhrasebookFre.gf +RTS -T -p -h -RTS"
+```
+
+Produced files:
+- `lpgf-bench.prof` - total time and memory allocation (`-p`)
+- `lpgf-bench.hp` - heap profile (`-h`)
+
+```
+stack exec -- hp2ps -c lpgf-bench.hp && open lpgf-bench.ps
+```
+
+**Resources**
+
+- https://downloads.haskell.org/ghc/8.6.5/docs/html/users_guide/profiling.html
+- http://book.realworldhaskell.org/read/profiling-and-optimization.html
+- https://wiki.haskell.org/Performance
+
+# Notes on compilation
+
+## 1 (see unittests/Params4)
+
+**param defns**
+P = P1 | P2
+Q = Q1 | Q2
+R = RP P | RPQ P Q | R0
+X = XPQ P Q
+
+**translation**
+NB: tuples may be nested, but will be concatted at runtime
+
+P1        = <1>
+P2        = <2>
+
+Q1        = <1>
+Q2        = <2>
+
+R P1      = <1,1>
+R P2      = <1,2>
+RPQ P1 Q1 = <2,1,1>
+RPQ P1 Q2 = <2,1,2>
+RPQ P2 Q1 = <2,2,1>
+RPQ P2 Q2 = <2,2,2>
+R0        = <3>
+
+XPQ P1 Q1 = <1,1,1>
+XPQ P1 Q2 = <1,1,2>
+XPQ P2 Q1 = <1,2,1>
+XPQ P2 Q2 = <1,2,2>
+
+P => Str
+<"P1","P2">
+
+{p:P ; q:Q} => Str
+<<"P1;Q1","P1;Q2">,<"P2;Q1","P2;Q2">>
+
+{p=P2; q=Q1}
+<<2>,<1>>
+
+R => Str
+< <"RP P1","RP P2">,
+  < <"RPQ P1 Q1","RPQ P1 Q2">,
+    <"RPQ P2 Q1","RPQ P2 Q2"> >,
+ "R0"
+>
+
+X => Str
+<<<"XPQ P1 Q1","XPQ P1 Q2">,
+  <"XPQ P2 Q1","XPQ P2 Q2">>>
+
+{p=P2 ; r=R0}
+<<2>,<3>>
+
+{p=P2 ; r1=RP P1 ; r2=RPQ P1 Q2 ; r3=R0 }
+< <2>  ,  <1, 1> ,   <2,  1, 2> ,   <3>>
+
+## 2 (see unittests/Params5)
+
+**param defns**
+
+P = P1 | PQ Q
+Q = Q1 | QR R
+R = R1 | R2
+
+**translation**
+
+P1       = <1>
+PQ Q1    = <2,1>
+PQ QR R1 = <2,2,1>
+PQ QR R2 = <2,2,2>
+
+Q1       = <1>
+QR R1    = <2,1>
+QR R2    = <2,2>
+
+R1       = <1>
+R2       = <2>
+
+P => Str
+<"P1",<"PQ Q1",<"PQ (QR R1)","PQ (QR R2)">>>
+
+{q:Q ; p:P} => Str
+< <"Q1;P1",<"Q1;PQ Q1",<"Q1;PQ (QR R1)","Q1;PQ (QR R2)">>>,
+  <
+    <"QR R1;P1",<"QR R1;PQ Q1",<"QR R1;PQ (QR R1)","QR R1;PQ (QR R2)">>>,
+    <"QR R2;P1",<"QR R2;PQ Q1",<"QR R2;PQ (QR R1)","QR R2;PQ (QR R2)">>>
+  >
+>
+
+{q=Q1 ; p=P1}            = <<1>,<1>>
+{q=Q1 ; p=PQ Q1}         = <<1>,<2,1>>
+{q=Q1 ; p=PQ (QR R1)}    = <<1>,<2,2,1>>
+{q=Q1 ; p=PQ (QR R2)}    = <<1>,<2,2,2>>
+
+{q=QR R1 ; p=P1}         = <<2,1>,<1>>
+{q=QR R1 ; p=PQ Q1}      = <<2,1>,<2,1>>
+{q=QR R1 ; p=PQ (QR R1)} = <<2,1>,<2,2,1>>
+{q=QR R1 ; p=PQ (QR R2)} = <<2,1>,<2,2,2>>
+
+{q=QR R2 ; p=P1}         = <<2,2>,<1>>
+{q=QR R2 ; p=PQ Q1}      = <<2,2>,<2,1>>
+{q=QR R2 ; p=PQ (QR R1)} = <<2,2>,<2,2,1>>
+{q=QR R2 ; p=PQ (QR R2)} = <<2,2>,<2,2,2>>
+
+**NOTE**: GF will swap q and p in record, as part of record field sorting, resulting in the following:
+
+{p:P ; q:Q} => Str
+< <"P1;Q1", <"P1;QR R1","P1;QR R2">>,
+  < <"PQ Q1;Q1", <"PQ Q1;QR R1","PQ Q1;QR R2">>,
+    < <"PQ (QR R1);Q1", <"PQ (QR R1);QR R1","PQ (QR R1);QR R2">>,
+      <"PQ (QR R2);Q1", <"PQ (QR R2);QR R1","PQ (QR R2);QR R2">>
+    >
+  >
+>
+
+{p=P1 ; q=Q1}            = <<1>,<1>>
+{p=P1 ; q=QR R1}         = <<1>,<2,1>>
+{p=P1 ; q=QR R2}         = <<1>,<2,2>>
+
+{p=PQ Q1 ; q=Q1}         = <<2,1>,<1>>
+{p=PQ Q1 ; q=QR R1}      = <<2,1>,<2,1>>
+{p=PQ Q1 ; q=QR R2}      = <<2,1>,<2,2>>
+
+{p=PQ (QR R1) ; q=Q1}    = <<2,2,1>,<1>>
+{p=PQ (QR R1) ; q=QR R1} = <<2,2,1>,<2,1>>
+{p=PQ (QR R1) ; q=QR R2} = <<2,2,1>,<2,2>>
+
+{p=PQ (QR R2) ; q=Q1}    = <<2,2,2>,<1>>
+{p=PQ (QR R2) ; q=QR R1} = <<2,2,2>,<2,1>>
+{p=PQ (QR R2) ; q=QR R2} = <<2,2,2>,<2,2>>
+
+
+{pp: {p:P} ; q:Q} => Str
+
+{pp={p=P1} ; q=Q1}            = <<<1>>,<1>>
+{pp={p=P1} ; q=QR R1}         = <<<1>>,<2,1>>
+{pp={p=P1} ; q=QR R2}         = <<<1>>,<2,2>>
+
+{pp={p=PQ Q1} ; q=Q1}         = <<<2,1>>, <1>>
+{pp={p=PQ Q1} ; q=QR R1}      = <<<2,1>>, <2,1>>
+{pp={p=PQ Q1} ; q=QR R2}      = <<<2,1>>, <2,2>>
+
+{pp={p=PQ (QR R1)} ; q=Q1}    = <<<2,2,1>>,<1>>
+{pp={p=PQ (QR R1)} ; q=QR R1} = <<<2,2,1>>,<2,1>>
+{pp={p=PQ (QR R1)} ; q=QR R2} = <<<2,2,1>>,<2,2>>
+
+{pp={p=PQ (QR R2)} ; q=Q1}    = <<<2,2,2>>,<1>>
+{pp={p=PQ (QR R2)} ; q=QR R1} = <<<2,2,2>>,<2,1>>
+{pp={p=PQ (QR R2)} ; q=QR R2} = <<<2,2,2>>,<2,2>>

testsuite/lpgf/bench.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+module Main where
+
+import qualified LPGF
+import qualified PGF
+import qualified PGF2
+
+import GF (compileToPGF, compileToLPGF, writePGF, writeLPGF)
+import GF.Support (Options, Flags (..), Verbosity (..), noOptions, addOptions, modifyFlags)
+
+import Control.DeepSeq (NFData, force)
+import Control.Exception (evaluate)
+import Control.Monad (when, forM)
+import Data.Either (isLeft)
+import qualified Data.List as L
+import Data.Maybe (fromJust, isJust, isNothing)
+import qualified Data.Map as Map
+import Data.Time.Clock (getCurrentTime, diffUTCTime)
+import System.Console.ANSI
+import System.Directory (listDirectory, getFileSize)
+import System.Environment (getArgs)
+import System.Exit (die)
+import System.FilePath ((</>), (<.>), takeFileName, takeDirectory, dropExtension)
+import Text.Printf (printf)
+
+import GHC.Stats
+
+options :: Options
+options = addOptions (modifyFlags (\f -> f{optVerbosity=Quiet})) noOptions
+
+usage :: String
+usage = "Arguments:\n\
+\  compile [pgf|lpgf] FoodsEng.gf FoodsGer.gf ...\n\
+\  run [pgf|pgf2|lpgf] Foods.pgf test.trees\
+\"
+
+main :: IO ()
+main = do
+  -- Parse command line arguments
+  args <- getArgs
+  let argc = length args
+  when (argc < 1) (die usage)
+  let (mode:_) = args
+  when (mode `L.notElem` ["compile","run"]) (die usage)
+  when (mode == "compile" && argc < 2) (die usage)
+  when (mode == "run" && argc < 3) (die usage)
+  let target = let a1 = args !! 1 in if a1 `elem` ["pgf", "pgf2", "lpgf"] then Just a1 else Nothing
+  let mods' = if mode == "compile" then drop (if isJust target then 2 else 1) args else []
+
+  mods <- concat <$> forM mods' (\mod ->
+    -- If * is supplied in module name, collect modules ourselves
+    if '*' `elem` mod
+    then do
+      let
+        dir = takeDirectory mod
+        pre = takeWhile (/='*') (takeFileName mod)
+        post = drop 1 $ dropWhile (/='*') (takeFileName mod)
+      map (dir </>)
+        . filter (\p -> let fn = takeFileName p in pre `L.isPrefixOf` fn && post `L.isSuffixOf` fn)
+        <$> listDirectory dir
+    else
+      return [mod]
+    )
+
+  let binaryFile = if mode == "run" then Just $ args !! (if isJust target then 2 else 1) else Nothing
+  let treesFile = if mode == "run" then Just $ args !! (if isJust target then 3 else 2) else Nothing
+
+  let doPGF = isNothing target || target == Just "pgf"
+  let doPGF2 = isNothing target || target == Just "pgf2"
+  let doLPGF = isNothing target || target == Just "lpgf"
+
+  -- Compilation
+  when (mode == "compile") $ do
+    when doPGF $ do
+      heading "PGF"
+      (path, pgf) <- time "- compile: " (compilePGF mods)
+      size <- getFileSize path
+      printf "- size: %s  %s\n" (convertSize size) path
+
+    when doLPGF $ do
+      heading "LPGF"
+      (path, lpgf) <- time "- compile: " (compileLPGF mods)
+      size <- getFileSize path
+      printf "- size: %s  %s\n" (convertSize size) path
+
+  -- Linearisation
+  when (mode == "run") $ do
+    -- Read trees
+    lns <- lines <$> readFile (fromJust treesFile)
+    let trees = map (fromJust . PGF.readExpr) lns
+    let trees2 = map (fromJust . PGF2.readExpr) lns
+    printf "Read %d trees\n" (length trees)
+
+    when doPGF $ do
+      heading "PGF"
+      pgf <- PGF.readPGF (dropExtension (fromJust binaryFile) <.> "pgf")
+      timePure "- linearise: " (linPGF pgf trees)
+      return ()
+
+    when doPGF2 $ do
+      heading "PGF2"
+      pgf <- PGF2.readPGF (dropExtension (fromJust binaryFile) <.> "pgf")
+      timePure "- linearise: " (linPGF2 pgf trees2)
+      return ()
+
+    when doLPGF $ do
+      heading "LPGF"
+      lpgf <- LPGF.readLPGF (dropExtension (fromJust binaryFile) <.> "lpgf")
+      -- timePure "- linearise: " (linLPGF lpgf trees)
+      ress <- time "- linearise: " (linLPGF' lpgf trees)
+      when (any (any isLeft) ress) $ do
+        setSGR [SetColor Foreground Dull Red]
+        putStrLn "Teminated with errors"
+        setSGR [Reset]
+
+  stats <- getRTSStats
+  printf "Max memory: %s\n" (convertSize (fromIntegral (max_mem_in_use_bytes stats)))
+
+heading :: String -> IO ()
+heading s = do
+  setSGR [SetColor Foreground Vivid Yellow, SetConsoleIntensity BoldIntensity]
+  putStrLn s
+  setSGR [Reset]
+
+-- For accurate timing, IO action must for evaluation itself (e.g., write to file)
+time :: String -> IO a -> IO a
+time desc io = do
+  start <- getCurrentTime
+  r <- io >>= evaluate -- only WHNF
+  end <- getCurrentTime
+  putStrLn $ desc ++ show (diffUTCTime end start)
+  return r
+
+-- Performs deep evaluation
+timePure :: (NFData a) => String -> a -> IO a
+timePure desc val = time desc (return $ force val)
+
+compilePGF :: [FilePath] -> IO (FilePath, PGF.PGF)
+compilePGF mods = do
+  pgf <- compileToPGF options mods
+  files <- writePGF options pgf
+  return (head files, pgf)
+
+compileLPGF :: [FilePath] -> IO (FilePath, LPGF.LPGF)
+compileLPGF mods = do
+  lpgf <- compileToLPGF options mods
+  file <- writeLPGF options lpgf
+  return (file, lpgf)
+
+linPGF :: PGF.PGF -> [PGF.Expr] -> [[String]]
+linPGF pgf trees =
+  [ map (PGF.linearize pgf lang) trees | lang <- PGF.languages pgf ]
+
+linPGF2 :: PGF2.PGF -> [PGF2.Expr] -> [[String]]
+linPGF2 pgf trees =
+  [ map (PGF2.linearize concr) trees | (_, concr) <- Map.toList (PGF2.languages pgf) ]
+
+linLPGF :: LPGF.LPGF -> [PGF.Expr] -> [[String]]
+linLPGF lpgf trees =
+  [ map (LPGF.linearizeConcrete concr) trees | (_,concr) <- Map.toList (LPGF.concretes lpgf) ]
+
+linLPGF' :: LPGF.LPGF -> [PGF.Expr] -> IO [[Either String String]]
+linLPGF' lpgf trees =
+  forM (Map.toList (LPGF.concretes lpgf)) $ \(_,concr) -> mapM (LPGF.try . LPGF.linearizeConcrete concr) trees
+
+-- | Produce human readable file size
+-- Adapted from https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hrfsize
+convertSize :: Integer -> String
+convertSize = convertSize'' . fromInteger
+
+convertSize' :: Double -> String
+convertSize' size
+  | size < 1024.0 = printf "%.0v bytes" size
+  | size < 1024.0 ^ (2 :: Int) = printf "%.2v KiB" $ size / 1024.0
+  | size < 1024.0 ^ (3 :: Int) = printf "%.2v MiB" $ size / 1024.0 ^ (2 :: Int)
+  | size < 1024.0 ^ (4 :: Int) = printf "%.2v GiB" $ size / 1024.0 ^ (3 :: Int)
+  | otherwise = printf "%.2v TiB" $ size / 1024.0 ^ (4 :: Int)
+
+convertSize'' :: Double -> String
+convertSize'' size
+  | size < 1000 = printf "%.0v bytes" size
+  | size < 1000 ^ (2 :: Int) = printf "%.2v KB" $ size / 1000
+  | size < 1000 ^ (3 :: Int) = printf "%.2v MB" $ size / 1000 ^ (2 :: Int)
+  | size < 1000 ^ (4 :: Int) = printf "%.2v GB" $ size / 1000 ^ (3 :: Int)
+  | otherwise = printf "%.2v TB" $ size / 1000 ^ (4 :: Int)

testsuite/lpgf/foods/CharactersGla.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+--# -coding=latin1
+resource CharactersGla = {
+	
+	--Character classes
+	oper
+		vowel : pattern Str = #("a"|"e"|"i"|"o"|"u"|"à"|"è"|"ì"|"ò"|"ù") ;
+		vowelCap : pattern Str = #("A"|"E"|"I"|"O"|"U"|"À"|"É"|"Ì"|"Ò"|"Ù") ;
+		consonant : pattern Str = #("b"|"c"|"d"|"f"|"g"|"h"|"j"|"k"|"l"|"m"|"n"|"p"|"q"|"r"|"s"|"t"|"v"|"w"|"x"|"z") ;
+		consonantCap : pattern Str = #("B"|"C"|"D"|"F"|"G"|"H"|"J"|"K"|"L"|"M"|"N"|"P"|"Q"|"R"|"S"|"T"|"V"|"W"|"X"|"Z") ;
+		broadVowel : pattern Str = #("a"|"o"|"u"|"à"|"ò"|"ù") ;
+		slenderVowel : pattern Str = #("e"|"i"|"è"|"ì") ;
+	
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/CharactersGle.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+--# -coding=latin1
+resource CharactersGle = {
+	
+	--Character classes
+	oper
+		vowel : pattern Str = #("a"|"e"|"i"|"o"|"u"|"á"|"é"|"í"|"ó"|"ú") ;
+		vowelCap : pattern Str = #("A"|"E"|"I"|"O"|"U"|"Á"|"É"|"Í"|"Ó"|"Ú") ;
+		consonant : pattern Str = #("b"|"c"|"d"|"f"|"g"|"h"|"j"|"k"|"l"|"m"|"n"|"p"|"q"|"r"|"s"|"t"|"v"|"w"|"x"|"z") ;
+		consonantCap : pattern Str = #("B"|"C"|"D"|"F"|"G"|"H"|"J"|"K"|"L"|"M"|"N"|"P"|"Q"|"R"|"S"|"T"|"V"|"W"|"X"|"Z") ;
+		broadVowel : pattern Str = #("a"|"o"|"u"|"á"|"ó"|"ú") ;
+		slenderVowel : pattern Str = #("e"|"i"|"é"|"í") ;
+	
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/Foods.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+-- (c) 2009 Aarne Ranta under LGPL
+
+abstract Foods = {
+  flags startcat = Comment ;
+  cat
+    Comment ; Item ; Kind ; Quality ;
+  fun
+    Pred : Item -> Quality -> Comment ;
+    This, That, These, Those : Kind -> Item ;
+    Mod : Quality -> Kind -> Kind ;
+    Wine, Cheese, Fish, Pizza : Kind ;
+    Very : Quality -> Quality ;
+    Fresh, Warm, Italian,
+      Expensive, Delicious, Boring : Quality ;
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/Foods.treebank

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+Foods: Pred (That Wine) Delicious
+FoodsAfr: daardie wyn is heerlik
+FoodsAmh: ያ ወይን ጣፋጭ ነው::
+FoodsBul: онова вино е превъзходно
+FoodsCat: aquell vi és deliciós
+FoodsChi: 那 瓶 酒 是 美 味 的
+FoodsCze: tamto víno je vynikající
+FoodsDut: die wijn is lekker
+FoodsEng: that wine is delicious
+FoodsEpo: tiu vino estas bongusta
+FoodsFin: tuo viini on herkullinen
+FoodsFre: ce vin est délicieux
+FoodsGer: jener Wein ist köstlich
+FoodsGla: tha an fìon sin blasta
+FoodsGle: tá an fíon sin blasta
+FoodsHeb: היין ההוא טעים
+FoodsHin: वह मदिरा स्वादिष्ट है
+FoodsIce: þetta vín er ljúffengt
+FoodsIta: quel vino è delizioso
+FoodsJpn: その ワインは おいしい
+FoodsLat: id vinum est iucundum
+FoodsLav: tas vīns ir garšīgs
+FoodsMkd: она вино е вкусно
+FoodsMlt: dak l- inbid tajjeb
+FoodsMon: тэр дарс бол амттай
+FoodsNep: त्यो रक्सी स्वादिष्ट छ
+FoodsOri: ସେଇ ମଦ ସ୍ଵାଦିସ୍ଟ ଅଟେ
+FoodsPes: آن شراب لذىذ است
+FoodsPor: esse vinho é delicioso
+FoodsRon: acel vin este delicios
+FoodsSpa: ese vino es delicioso
+FoodsSwe: det där vinet är läckert
+FoodsTha: เหล้าองุ่น ขวด นั้น อร่อย
+FoodsTsn: bojalwa boo bo monate
+FoodsTur: şu şarap lezzetlidir
+FoodsUrd: وہ شراب مزیدار ہے
+
+Foods: Pred (This Pizza) (Very Boring)
+FoodsAfr: hierdie pizza is baie vervelig
+FoodsAmh: ይህ [Pizza] በጣም አስቀያሚ ነው::
+FoodsBul: тази пица е много еднообразна
+FoodsCat: aquesta pizza és molt aburrida
+FoodsChi: 这 张 比 萨 饼 是 非 常 难 吃 的
+FoodsCze: tato pizza je velmi nudná
+FoodsDut: deze pizza is erg saai
+FoodsEng: this pizza is very boring
+FoodsEpo: ĉi tiu pico estas tre enuiga
+FoodsFin: tämä pizza on erittäin tylsä
+FoodsFre: cette pizza est très ennuyeuse
+FoodsGer: diese Pizza ist sehr langweilig
+FoodsGla: tha an pizza seo glè leamh
+FoodsGle: tá an píotsa seo an-leamh
+FoodsHeb: הפיצה הזאת מאוד משעממת
+FoodsHin: यह पिज़्ज़ा अति अरुचिकर है
+FoodsIce: þessi flatbaka er mjög leiðinleg
+FoodsIta: questa pizza è molto noiosa
+FoodsJpn: この ピザは とても つまらない
+FoodsLat: haec placenta neapolitana est valde fluens
+FoodsLav: šī pica ir ļoti garlaicīga
+FoodsMkd: оваа пица е многу досадна
+FoodsMlt: din il- pizza tad-dwejjaq ħafna
+FoodsMon: энэ пицца бол маш амтгүй
+FoodsNep: यो पिज्जा धेरै नमिठा छ
+FoodsOri: ଏଇ ପିଜଜ଼ା ଅତି ଅରୁଚିକର ଅଟେ
+FoodsPes: این پیتزا خیلی ملال آور است
+FoodsPor: esta pizza é muito chata
+FoodsRon: această pizza este foarte plictisitoare
+FoodsSpa: esta pizza es muy aburrida
+FoodsSwe: den här pizzan är mycket tråkig
+FoodsTha: พิซซา ถาด นี้ น่าเบิ่อ มาก
+FoodsTsn: pizza e e bosula thata
+FoodsTur: bu pizza çok sıkıcıdır
+FoodsUrd: یھ پیزہ بہت فضول ہے
+
+Foods: Pred (This Cheese) Fresh
+FoodsAfr: hierdie kaas is vars
+FoodsAmh: ይህ አይብ አዲስ ነው::
+FoodsBul: това сирене е свежо
+FoodsCat: aquest formatge és fresc
+FoodsChi: 这 块 奶 酪 是 新 鲜 的
+FoodsCze: tento sýr je čerstvý
+FoodsDut: deze kaas is vers
+FoodsEng: this cheese is fresh
+FoodsEpo: ĉi tiu fromaĝo estas freŝa
+FoodsFin: tämä juusto on tuore
+FoodsFre: ce fromage est frais
+FoodsGer: dieser Käse ist frisch
+FoodsGla: tha an càise seo úr
+FoodsGle: tá an cháis seo úr
+FoodsHeb: הגבינה הזאת טריה
+FoodsHin: यह पनीर ताज़ा है
+FoodsIce: þessi ostur er ferskur
+FoodsIta: questo formaggio è fresco
+FoodsJpn: この チーズは 新鮮 だ
+FoodsLat: hoc formaticum est recens
+FoodsLav: šis siers ir svaigs
+FoodsMkd: ова сирење е свежо
+FoodsMlt: dan il- ġobon frisk
+FoodsMon: энэ бяслаг бол шинэ
+FoodsNep: यो चिज ताजा छ
+FoodsOri: ଏଇ ଛେନା ତାଜା ଅଟେ
+FoodsPes: این پنیر تازه است
+FoodsPor: este queijo é fresco
+FoodsRon: această brânză este proaspătă
+FoodsSpa: este queso es fresco
+FoodsSwe: den här osten är färsk
+FoodsTha: เนยแข็ง ก้อน นี้ สด
+FoodsTsn: kase e e ntsha
+FoodsTur: bu peynir tazedir
+FoodsUrd: یھ پنیر تازہ ہے
+
+Foods: Pred (Those Fish) Warm
+FoodsAfr: daardie visse is warm
+FoodsAmh: [Those] ትኩስ ነው::
+FoodsBul: онези риби са горещи
+FoodsCat: aquells peixos són calents
+FoodsChi: 那 几 条 鱼 是 温 热 的
+FoodsCze: tamty ryby jsou teplé
+FoodsDut: die vissen zijn warm
+FoodsEng: those fish are warm
+FoodsEpo: tiuj fiŝoj estas varmaj
+FoodsFin: nuo kalat ovat lämpimiä
+FoodsFre: ces poissons sont chauds
+FoodsGer: jene Fische sind warm
+FoodsGla: tha na h-èisg sin blàth
+FoodsGle: tá na héisc sin te
+FoodsHeb: הדגים ההם חמים
+FoodsHin: वे मछलीयँा गरम हैं
+FoodsIce: þessir fiskar eru heitir
+FoodsIta: quei pesci sono caldi
+FoodsJpn: その 魚は あたたかい
+FoodsLat: ei pisces sunt calidi
+FoodsLav: tās zivis ir siltas
+FoodsMkd: оние риби се топли
+FoodsMlt: dawk il- ħut sħan
+FoodsMon: тэдгээр загаснууд бол халуун
+FoodsNep: ती माछाहरु तातो छन्
+FoodsOri: ସେଇ ମାଛ ଗୁଡିକ ଗରମ ଅଟେ
+FoodsPes: آن ماهىها گرم هستند
+FoodsPor: esses peixes são quentes
+FoodsRon: acei peşti sunt calzi
+FoodsSpa: esos pescados son calientes
+FoodsSwe: de där fiskarna är varma
+FoodsTha: ปลา ตัว นั้น อุ่น
+FoodsTsn: dithlapi tseo di bothitho
+FoodsTur: şu balıklar ılıktır
+FoodsUrd: وہ مچھلیاں گرم ہیں
+
+Foods: Pred (That (Mod Boring (Mod Italian Pizza))) Expensive
+FoodsAfr: daardie vervelige Italiaanse pizza is duur
+FoodsAmh: ያ አስቀያሚ የጥልያን [Pizza] ውድ ነው::
+FoodsBul: онази еднообразна италианска пица е скъпа
+FoodsCat: aquella pizza italiana aburrida és cara
+FoodsChi: 那 张 又 难 吃 又 意 大 利 式 的 比 萨 饼 是 昂 贵 的
+FoodsCze: tamta nudná italská pizza je drahá
+FoodsDut: die saaie Italiaanse pizza is duur
+FoodsEng: that boring Italian pizza is expensive
+FoodsEpo: tiu enuiga itala pico estas altekosta
+FoodsFin: tuo tylsä italialainen pizza on kallis
+FoodsFre: cette pizza italienne ennuyeuse est chère
+FoodsGer: jene langweilige italienische Pizza ist teuer
+FoodsGla: tha an pizza Eadailteach leamh sin daor
+FoodsGle: tá an píotsa Iodálach leamh sin daor
+FoodsHeb: הפיצה האיטלקית המשעממת ההיא יקרה
+FoodsHin: वह अरुचिकर इटली पिज़्ज़ा बहुमूल्य है
+FoodsIce: þessi leiðinlega ítalska flatbaka er dýr
+FoodsIta: quella pizza italiana noiosa è cara
+FoodsJpn: その つまらない イタリアの ピザは たかい
+FoodsLat: ea placenta itala fluens neapolitana est pretiosa
+FoodsLav: tā garlaicīgā itāļu pica ir dārga
+FoodsMkd: онаа досадна италијанска пица е скапа
+FoodsMlt: dik il- pizza Taljana tad-dwejjaq għalja
+FoodsMon: тэр амтгүй итали пицца бол үнэтэй
+FoodsNep: त्यो नमिठा इटालियन पिज्जा महँगो छ
+FoodsOri: ସେଇ ଅରୁଚିକର ଇଟାଲି ପିଜଜ଼ା ମୁଲ୍ୟବାନ୍ ଅଟେ
+FoodsPes: آن پیتزا ایتالیایی ى ملال آور گران است
+FoodsPor: essa pizza Italiana chata é cara
+FoodsRon: acea pizza italiană plictisitoare este scumpă
+FoodsSpa: esa pizza italiana aburrida es cara
+FoodsSwe: den där tråkiga italienska pizzan är dyr
+FoodsTha: พิซซา อิตาลี น่าเบิ่อ ถาด นั้น แพง
+FoodsTsn: pizza eo ya ga Itali le e e bosula e a tura
+FoodsTur: şu sıkıcı İtalyan pizzası pahalıdır
+FoodsUrd: وہ فضول اٹا لوی پیزہ مہنگا ہے
+

testsuite/lpgf/foods/Foods.trees

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Pred (That Wine) Delicious
+Pred (This Pizza) (Very Boring)
+Pred (This Cheese) Fresh
+Pred (Those Fish) Warm
+Pred (That (Mod Boring (Mod Italian Pizza))) Expensive

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsAfr.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+-- (c) 2009 Laurette Pretorius Sr & Jr and Ansu Berg under LGPL
+--# -coding=latin1
+
+concrete FoodsAfr of Foods = open Prelude, Predef in{
+	lincat
+		Comment = {s: Str} ;
+		Kind = {s: Number => Str} ;
+		Item = {s: Str ; n: Number} ;
+		Quality = {s: AdjAP => Str} ;
+		
+	lin	
+		Pred item quality = {s = item.s ++ "is" ++ (quality.s ! Predic)};
+		This kind = {s = "hierdie" ++ (kind.s ! Sg); n = Sg};
+		That kind = {s = "daardie" ++ (kind.s ! Sg); n = Sg};
+		These kind = {s = "hierdie" ++ (kind.s ! Pl); n = Pl};
+		Those kind = {s = "daardie" ++ (kind.s ! Pl); n = Pl};
+		Mod quality kind = {s = table{n => (quality.s ! Attr) ++ (kind.s!n)}};
+		
+		Wine = declNoun_e "wyn";
+		Cheese = declNoun_aa "kaas";
+		Fish = declNoun_ss "vis";
+		Pizza = declNoun_s "pizza";
+		
+		Very quality = veryAdj quality;
+		
+		Fresh = regAdj "vars";
+		Warm = regAdj "warm";
+		Italian = smartAdj_e "Italiaans";
+		Expensive = regAdj "duur";
+		Delicious = smartAdj_e "heerlik";
+		Boring = smartAdj_e "vervelig";
+		
+	param
+		AdjAP = Attr | Predic ;
+		Number = Sg | Pl ;
+	
+	oper
+		--Noun operations (wyn, kaas, vis, pizza)
+		
+		declNoun_aa: Str -> {s: Number => Str} = \x ->
+		let v = tk 2 x
+		in
+		{s = table{Sg => x ; Pl => v + (last x) +"e"}}; 
+		
+		declNoun_e: Str -> {s: Number => Str} = \x -> {s = table{Sg => x ; Pl => x + "e"}} ;
+		declNoun_s: Str -> {s: Number => Str} = \x -> {s = table{Sg => x ; Pl => x + "s"}} ;
+		
+		declNoun_ss: Str -> {s: Number => Str} = \x -> {s = table{Sg => x ; Pl => x + (last x) + "e"}} ;
+
+		
+		--Adjective operations
+		
+		mkAdj : Str -> Str -> {s: AdjAP => Str} = \x,y -> {s = table{Attr => x; Predic => y}};
+		
+		declAdj_e : Str -> {s : AdjAP=> Str} = \x -> mkAdj (x + "e") x;
+		declAdj_g : Str -> {s : AdjAP=> Str} = \w ->
+			let v = init w
+			in mkAdj (v + "ë") w ;
+		
+		declAdj_oog : Str -> {s : AdjAP=> Str} = \w ->
+			let v = init w
+			in 
+				let i = init v
+				in mkAdj (i + "ë") w ;
+					
+		regAdj : Str -> {s : AdjAP=> Str} = \x -> mkAdj x x;
+		
+		veryAdj : {s: AdjAP => Str} -> {s : AdjAP=> Str} =  \x -> {s = table{a => "baie" ++ (x.s!a)}};
+		
+		
+		smartAdj_e : Str -> {s : AdjAP=> Str} = \a -> case a of 
+		{
+			_ + "oog" 			   		=> declAdj_oog a ;
+			_ + ("e" | "ie" | "o" | "oe") + "g" 	=> declAdj_g a ;
+			_					   	=> declAdj_e a 
+		};
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsAmh.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+concrete FoodsAmh of Foods ={
+ flags coding = utf8;
+ lincat
+  Comment,Item,Kind,Quality = Str;
+ lin
+  Pred item quality = item ++ quality++ "ነው::" ;
+  This kind = "ይህ" ++ kind;
+  That kind = "ያ" ++ kind;
+  Mod quality kind = quality ++ kind;
+  Wine = "ወይን";
+  Cheese = "አይብ";
+  Fish = "ዓሳ";
+  Very quality = "በጣም" ++ quality;
+  Fresh = "አዲስ";
+  Warm = "ትኩስ";
+  Italian = "የጥልያን";
+  Expensive = "ውድ";
+  Delicious = "ጣፋጭ";
+  Boring = "አስቀያሚ";
+  
+}   

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsBul.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+-- (c) 2009 Krasimir Angelov under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsBul of Foods = {
+
+  flags
+    coding = utf8;
+
+  param
+    Gender = Masc | Fem | Neutr;
+    Number = Sg | Pl;
+    Agr    = ASg Gender | APl ;
+
+  lincat
+    Comment = Str ;
+    Quality = {s : Agr => Str} ;
+    Item = {s : Str; a : Agr} ;
+    Kind = {s : Number => Str; g : Gender} ;
+
+  lin
+    Pred item qual = item.s ++ case item.a of {ASg _ => "е"; APl => "са"} ++ qual.s ! item.a ;
+
+    This  kind = {s=case kind.g of {Masc=>"този"; Fem=>"тази";  Neutr=>"това" } ++ kind.s ! Sg; a=ASg kind.g} ;
+    That  kind = {s=case kind.g of {Masc=>"онзи"; Fem=>"онази"; Neutr=>"онова"} ++ kind.s ! Sg; a=ASg kind.g} ;
+    These kind = {s="тези"  ++ kind.s ! Pl; a=APl} ;
+    Those kind = {s="онези" ++ kind.s ! Pl; a=APl} ;
+
+    Mod qual kind = {s=\\n => qual.s ! (case n of {Sg => ASg kind.g; Pl => APl}) ++ kind.s ! n; g=kind.g} ;
+
+    Wine   = {s = table {Sg => "вино";   Pl => "вина"};   g = Neutr};
+    Cheese = {s = table {Sg => "сирене"; Pl => "сирена"}; g = Neutr};
+    Fish   = {s = table {Sg => "риба";   Pl => "риби"};   g = Fem};
+    Pizza  = {s = table {Sg => "пица";   Pl => "пици"};   g = Fem};
+
+    Very qual = {s = \\g => "много" ++ qual.s ! g};
+
+    Fresh     = {s = table {ASg Masc => "свеж";        ASg Fem => "свежа";       ASg Neutr => "свежо";       APl => "свежи"}};
+    Warm      = {s = table {ASg Masc => "горещ";       ASg Fem => "гореща";      ASg Neutr => "горещо";      APl => "горещи"}};
+    Italian   = {s = table {ASg Masc => "италиански";  ASg Fem => "италианска";  ASg Neutr => "италианско";  APl => "италиански"}};
+    Expensive = {s = table {ASg Masc => "скъп";        ASg Fem => "скъпа";       ASg Neutr => "скъпо";       APl => "скъпи"}};
+    Delicious = {s = table {ASg Masc => "превъзходен"; ASg Fem => "превъзходна"; ASg Neutr => "превъзходно"; APl => "превъзходни"}};
+    Boring    = {s = table {ASg Masc => "еднообразен"; ASg Fem => "еднообразна"; ASg Neutr => "еднообразно"; APl => "еднообразни"}};
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+-- (c) 2009 Jordi Saludes under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsCat of Foods = FoodsI with 
+  (Syntax = SyntaxCat),
+  (LexFoods = LexFoodsCat) ;

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsChi.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+concrete FoodsChi of Foods = open Prelude in {
+flags coding = utf8 ;
+lincat
+    Comment, Item = Str;
+    Kind = knd ;
+    Quality = qual ;
+lin
+    Pred = (\itm, ql ->
+      case ql.hasVery of {
+        True  => itm ++ "是 非 常" ++ ql.s ++ ql.p ;
+        False => itm ++ "是"       ++ ql.s ++ ql.p } ) ;
+    This kind = "这" ++ kind.c ++ kind.m ++ kind.s ;
+    That kind = "那" ++ kind.c ++ kind.m ++ kind.s ;
+    These kind = "这" ++ "几" ++ kind.c ++ kind.m ++ kind.s ;
+    Those kind = "那" ++ "几" ++ kind.c ++ kind.m ++ kind.s ;
+    Mod = modifier ;
+
+    Wine  = geKind "酒" "瓶" ;
+    Pizza = geKind "比 萨 饼" "张" ;
+    Cheese  = geKind "奶 酪" "块";
+    Fish  = geKind "鱼" "条";
+
+    Very = (\q -> {s = q.s ; p = q.p ; hasVery = True}) ;
+    Fresh  = longQuality "新 鲜" ;
+    Warm  = longQuality "温 热" ;
+    Italian  = longQuality "意 大 利 式" ;
+    Expensive  = longQuality "昂 贵" ;
+    Delicious  = longQuality "美 味" ;
+     -- this technically translates to "unpalatable" instead of boring
+    Boring  = longQuality "难 吃" ;
+
+oper
+    -- lincat aliases
+    qual : Type = {s,p : Str ; hasVery : Bool} ;
+    knd  : Type = {s,c,m : Str; hasMod : Bool} ;
+
+    -- Constructor functions
+    mkKind : Str -> Str -> knd = \s,c ->
+      {s = s ; c = c; m = ""; hasMod = False} ;
+    geKind : Str -> Str -> knd = \s,cl ->
+      mkKind s (classifier cl) ;
+    longQuality : Str -> qual = \s ->
+      {s = s ; p = "的" ; hasVery = False}  ;
+    modifier : qual -> knd -> knd = \q,k ->
+      { s = k.s ; c = k.c ; m = modJoin k.hasMod q k.m ;
+        hasMod = True } ;
+
+    -- Helper functions
+    classifier : Str -> Str = \s ->
+      case s of {"" => "个" ; _  => s };
+    modJoin : Bool -> qual  -> Str -> Str = \bool, q,m ->
+      case bool of {
+        True  => "又" ++ q.s ++ "又" ++ m ;
+        False => q.s ++ q.p } ;
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsCze.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+-- (c) 2011 Katerina Bohmova under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsCze of Foods = open ResCze in {
+  flags 
+    coding = utf8 ;
+  lincat
+    Comment = {s : Str} ; 
+    Quality = Adjective ; 
+    Kind = Noun ; 
+    Item = NounPhrase ;
+  lin
+    Pred item quality = 
+      {s = item.s ++ copula ! item.n ++ 
+           quality.s ! item.g ! item.n} ;
+    This  = det Sg "tento" "tato" "toto" ;
+    That  = det Sg "tamten" "tamta" "tamto" ;
+    These = det Pl "tyto" "tyto" "tato" ;
+    Those = det Pl "tamty" "tamty" "tamta" ;
+    Mod quality kind = {
+      s = \\n => quality.s ! kind.g ! n ++ kind.s ! n ;
+      g = kind.g
+      } ;
+    Wine = noun "víno" "vína" Neutr ;
+    Cheese = noun "sýr" "sýry" Masc ;
+    Fish = noun "ryba" "ryby" Fem ;
+    Pizza = noun "pizza" "pizzy" Fem ;
+    Very qual = {s = \\g,n => "velmi" ++ qual.s ! g ! n} ;
+    Fresh = regAdj "čerstv" ;
+    Warm = regAdj "tepl" ;
+    Italian = regAdj "italsk" ;
+    Expensive = regAdj "drah" ;
+    Delicious = regnfAdj "vynikající" ;
+    Boring = regAdj "nudn" ;
+}
+

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsDut.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+-- (c) 2009 Femke Johansson under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsDut of Foods = {
+
+	lincat
+		Comment = {s : Str};
+		Quality = {s : AForm => Str};
+		Kind = { s : Number => Str};
+		Item = {s : Str ; n : Number};
+	
+	lin
+		Pred item quality = 
+			{s = item.s ++ copula ! item.n ++ quality.s ! APred};
+		This = det Sg "deze";
+		These = det Pl "deze";
+		That = det Sg "die";
+		Those = det Pl "die";
+		
+		Mod quality kind =
+			{s = \\n => quality.s ! AAttr ++ kind.s ! n};
+			Wine = regNoun "wijn";
+			Cheese = noun "kaas" "kazen";
+			Fish = noun "vis" "vissen";
+			Pizza = noun "pizza" "pizza's";
+			
+			Very a = {s = \\f => "erg" ++ a.s ! f};
+			
+			Fresh = regadj "vers";
+			Warm = regadj "warm";
+			Italian = regadj "Italiaans";
+			Expensive = adj "duur" "dure";
+			Delicious = regadj "lekker";
+			Boring = regadj "saai";
+		
+		param
+			Number = Sg | Pl;
+			AForm = APred | AAttr;
+		
+		oper
+			det : Number -> Str ->
+				{s : Number => Str} -> {s : Str ; n: Number} =
+				\n,det,noun -> {s = det ++ noun.s ! n ; n=n};
+				
+			noun : Str -> Str -> {s : Number => Str} = 
+				\man,men -> {s = table {Sg => man; Pl => men}};
+				
+			regNoun : Str -> {s : Number => Str} =
+				\wijn -> noun wijn (wijn + "en");
+				
+			regadj : Str -> {s : AForm => Str} =
+				\koud -> adj koud (koud+"e");
+			
+			adj : Str -> Str -> {s : AForm => Str} =
+				\duur, dure -> {s = table {APred => duur; AAttr => dure}};
+				
+			copula : Number => Str =
+				table {Sg => "is" ; Pl => "zijn"};
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsEng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+-- (c) 2009 Aarne Ranta under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsEng of Foods = {
+  flags language = en_US;
+  lincat
+    Comment, Quality = {s : Str} ; 
+    Kind = {s : Number => Str} ; 
+    Item = {s : Str ; n : Number} ; 
+  lin
+    Pred item quality = 
+      {s = item.s ++ copula ! item.n ++ quality.s} ;
+    This  = det Sg "this" ;
+    That  = det Sg "that" ;
+    These = det Pl "these" ;
+    Those = det Pl "those" ;
+    Mod quality kind = 
+      {s = \\n => quality.s ++ kind.s ! n} ;
+    Wine = regNoun "wine" ;
+    Cheese = regNoun "cheese" ;
+    Fish = noun "fish" "fish" ;
+    Pizza = regNoun "pizza" ;
+    Very a = {s = "very" ++ a.s} ;
+    Fresh = adj "fresh" ;
+    Warm = adj "warm" ;
+    Italian = adj "Italian" ;
+    Expensive = adj "expensive" ;
+    Delicious = adj "delicious" ;
+    Boring = adj "boring" ;
+  param
+    Number = Sg | Pl ;
+  oper
+    det : Number -> Str -> 
+      {s : Number => Str} -> {s : Str ; n : Number} = 
+        \n,det,noun -> {s = det ++ noun.s ! n ; n = n} ;
+    noun : Str -> Str -> {s : Number => Str} = 
+      \man,men -> {s = table {Sg => man ; Pl => men}} ;
+    regNoun : Str -> {s : Number => Str} = 
+      \car -> noun car (car + "s") ;
+    adj : Str -> {s : Str} = 
+      \cold -> {s = cold} ;
+    copula : Number => Str = 
+      table {Sg => "is" ; Pl => "are"} ;
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsEpo.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+-- (c) 2009 Julia Hammar under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsEpo of Foods = open Prelude in {
+
+  flags coding =utf8 ;
+
+  lincat
+    Comment = SS ; 
+    Kind, Quality = {s : Number => Str} ; 
+    Item = {s : Str ; n : Number} ; 
+
+  lin
+    Pred item quality = ss (item.s ++ copula ! item.n ++ quality.s ! item.n) ;
+    This = det Sg "ĉi tiu" ;
+    That  = det Sg "tiu" ;
+    These = det Pl "ĉi tiuj" ;
+    Those = det Pl "tiuj" ;
+    Mod quality kind = {s = \\n => quality.s ! n ++ kind.s ! n} ;
+    Wine = regNoun "vino" ;
+    Cheese = regNoun "fromaĝo" ;
+    Fish = regNoun "fiŝo" ;
+    Pizza = regNoun "pico" ;
+    Very quality = {s = \\n => "tre" ++ quality.s ! n} ;
+    Fresh = regAdj "freŝa" ;
+    Warm = regAdj "varma" ;
+    Italian = regAdj "itala" ;
+    Expensive = regAdj "altekosta" ;
+    Delicious = regAdj "bongusta" ;
+    Boring = regAdj "enuiga" ;
+
+  param
+    Number = Sg | Pl ;
+
+  oper
+    det : Number -> Str -> {s : Number => Str} -> {s : Str ; n : Number} = 
+      \n,d,cn -> {
+        s = d ++ cn.s ! n ;
+        n = n
+      } ;
+    regNoun : Str -> {s : Number => Str} = 
+      \vino -> {s = table {Sg => vino ; Pl => vino + "j"}
+	} ;
+    regAdj : Str -> {s : Number => Str} =
+      \nova -> {s = table {Sg => nova ; Pl => nova + "j"}
+      } ;
+    copula : Number => Str = \\_ => "estas" ;
+}
+    

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsFin.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+-- (c) 2009 Aarne Ranta under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsFin of Foods = FoodsI with 
+  (Syntax = SyntaxFin),
+  (LexFoods = LexFoodsFin) ;

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+
+concrete FoodsFre of Foods = open SyntaxFre, ParadigmsFre in {
+
+	flags coding = utf8 ;
+	
+	lincat
+		Comment = Utt ;
+		Item = NP ;
+		Kind = CN ;
+		Quality = AP ;
+	
+	lin
+		Pred item quality = mkUtt (mkCl item quality) ;
+		This kind = mkNP this_QuantSg kind ;
+		That kind = mkNP that_QuantSg kind ;
+		These kind = mkNP these_QuantPl kind ;
+		Those kind = mkNP those_QuantPl kind ;
+		Mod quality kind = mkCN quality kind ;
+		Very quality = mkAP very_AdA quality ;
+		
+		Wine = mkCN (mkN "vin" masculine) ;
+		Pizza = mkCN (mkN "pizza" feminine) ;
+		Cheese = mkCN (mkN "fromage" masculine) ;
+		Fish = mkCN (mkN "poisson" masculine) ;
+		Fresh = mkAP (mkA "frais" "fraîche" "frais" "fraîchement") ;
+		Warm = mkAP (mkA "chaud") ;
+		Italian = mkAP (mkA "italien") ;
+		Expensive = mkAP (mkA "cher") ;
+		Delicious = mkAP (mkA "délicieux") ;
+		Boring = mkAP (mkA "ennuyeux") ;
+	}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+-- (c) 2009 Aarne Ranta under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsGer of Foods = FoodsI with 
+  (Syntax = SyntaxGer),
+  (LexFoods = LexFoodsGer) ;

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsGla.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+--# -coding=latin1
+concrete FoodsGla of Foods = open MutationsGla, CharactersGla, Prelude in {
+	param Gender = Masc|Fem ;
+	param Number = Sg|Pl ;
+	param Breadth = Broad|Slender|NoBreadth ;
+	param Beginning = Bcgmp|Other ;
+	
+	lincat Comment = Str;
+	lin Pred item quality = "tha" ++ item ++ quality.s!Sg!Unmutated ;
+
+	lincat Item = Str;
+	lin
+		This kind = (addArticleSg kind) ++ "seo" ;
+		That kind = (addArticleSg kind) ++ "sin";
+		These kind = (addArticlePl kind) ++ "seo" ;
+		Those kind = (addArticlePl kind) ++ "sin" ;
+	oper addArticleSg : {s : Number => Mutation => Str; g : Gender} -> Str =
+						  \kind -> case kind.g of { Masc => "an" ++ kind.s!Sg!PrefixT; Fem => "a'" ++ kind.s!Sg!Lenition1DNTLS } ;
+	oper addArticlePl : {s : Number => Mutation => Str; g : Gender} -> Str =
+					    \kind -> "na" ++ kind.s!Pl!PrefixH ;
+	
+	oper Noun : Type = {s : Number => Mutation => Str; g : Gender; pe : Breadth; beginning: Beginning; };
+	lincat Kind = Noun;
+	lin
+		Mod quality kind = {
+			s = table{
+					Sg => table{mutation => kind.s!Sg!mutation ++ case kind.g of {Masc => quality.s!Sg!Unmutated; Fem => quality.s!Sg!Lenition1} };
+					Pl => table{mutation => kind.s!Pl!mutation ++ case kind.pe of {Slender => quality.s!Pl!Lenition1; _ => quality.s!Pl!Unmutated} }
+			};
+			g = kind.g;
+			pe = kind.pe;
+			beginning = kind.beginning
+		} ;
+		Wine = makeNoun "fìon" "fìontan" Masc ;
+		Cheese = makeNoun "càise" "càisean" Masc ;
+		Fish = makeNoun "iasg" "èisg" Masc ;
+		Pizza = makeNoun "pizza" "pizzathan" Masc ;
+	oper makeNoun : Str -> Str -> Gender -> Noun = \sg,pl,g -> {
+		s = table{Sg => (mutate sg); Pl => (mutate pl)};
+		g = g;
+		pe = pe;
+		beginning = Bcgmp
+	}
+	where {
+		pe : Breadth = case pl of {
+			_ + v@(#broadVowel) + c@(#consonant*) + #consonant => Broad;
+			_ + v@(#slenderVowel) + c@(#consonant*) + #consonant => Slender;
+			_ => NoBreadth
+		}
+	};
+
+	oper Adjective : Type = {s : Number => Mutation => Str; sVery : Number => Str};
+	lincat Quality = Adjective;
+	lin
+		Very quality = {s=table{number => table{_ => quality.sVery!number}}; sVery=quality.sVery } ;
+		Fresh = makeAdjective "úr" "ùra" ;
+		Warm = makeAdjective "blàth" "blàtha" ;
+		Italian = makeAdjective "Eadailteach" "Eadailteach" ;
+		Expensive = makeAdjective "daor" "daora" ;
+		Delicious = makeAdjective "blasta" "blasta" ;
+		Boring = makeAdjective "leamh" "leamha" ;
+	oper makeAdjective : Str -> Str -> Adjective =
+		\sg,pl -> {
+					s=table{Sg => (mutate sg); Pl => (mutate pl)};
+					sVery=table{Sg => "glè"++(lenition1dntls sg); Pl => "glè"++(lenition1dntls pl)}
+				  } ;
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsGle.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+--# -coding=latin1
+concrete FoodsGle of Foods = open MutationsGle, CharactersGle in {
+	param Gender = Masc|Fem ;
+	param Number = Sg|Pl ;
+	param Breadth = Broad|Slender|NoBreadth ;
+	
+	lincat Comment = Str;
+	lin Pred item quality = "tá" ++ item ++ quality.s!Sg!Unmutated ;
+
+	lincat Item = Str;
+	lin
+		This kind = (addArticleSg kind) ++ "seo" ;
+		That kind = (addArticleSg kind) ++ "sin";
+		These kind = (addArticlePl kind) ++ "seo" ;
+		Those kind = (addArticlePl kind) ++ "sin" ;
+	oper addArticleSg : {s : Number => Mutation => Str; g : Gender} -> Str =
+					    \kind -> "an" ++ case kind.g of { Masc => kind.s!Sg!PrefixT; Fem => kind.s!Sg!Lenition1DNTLS } ;
+	oper addArticlePl : {s : Number => Mutation => Str; g : Gender} -> Str =
+					    \kind -> "na" ++ kind.s!Pl!PrefixH ;
+	
+	lincat Kind = {s : Number => Mutation => Str; g : Gender; pe : Breadth} ;
+	lin
+		Mod quality kind = {
+			s = table{
+					Sg => table{mutation => kind.s!Sg!mutation ++ case kind.g of {Masc => quality.s!Sg!Unmutated; Fem => quality.s!Sg!Lenition1} };
+					Pl => table{mutation => kind.s!Pl!mutation ++ case kind.pe of {Slender => quality.s!Pl!Lenition1; _ => quality.s!Pl!Unmutated} }
+			};
+			g = kind.g;
+			pe = kind.pe
+		} ;
+		Wine = makeNoun "fíon" "fíonta" Masc ;
+		Cheese = makeNoun "cáis" "cáiseanna" Fem ;
+		Fish = makeNoun "iasc" "éisc" Masc ;
+		Pizza = makeNoun "píotsa" "píotsaí" Masc ;
+	oper makeNoun : Str -> Str -> Gender -> {s : Number => Mutation => Str; g : Gender; pe : Breadth} =
+		\sg,pl,g -> {
+						s = table{Sg => (mutate sg); Pl => (mutate pl)};
+						g = g;
+						pe = case pl of {
+							_ + v@(#broadVowel) + c@(#consonant*) + #consonant => Broad;
+							_ + v@(#slenderVowel) + c@(#consonant*) + #consonant => Slender;
+							_ => NoBreadth
+						}
+					} ;
+
+	lincat Quality = {s : Number => Mutation => Str; sVery : Number => Str} ;
+	lin
+		Very quality = {s=table{number => table{_ => quality.sVery!number}}; sVery=quality.sVery } ;
+		Fresh = makeAdjective "úr" "úra" ;
+		Warm = makeAdjective "te" "te" ;
+		Italian = makeAdjective "Iodálach" "Iodálacha" ;
+		Expensive = makeAdjective "daor" "daora" ;
+		Delicious = makeAdjective "blasta" "blasta" ;
+		Boring = makeAdjective "leamh" "leamha" ;
+	oper makeAdjective : Str -> Str -> {s : Number => Mutation => Str; sVery : Number => Str} =
+		\sg,pl -> {
+					s=table{Sg => (mutate sg); Pl => (mutate pl)};
+					sVery=table{Sg => "an-"+(lenition1dntls sg); Pl => "an-"+(lenition1dntls pl)}
+				  } ;
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsHeb.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+
+--(c) 2009 Dana Dannells
+-- Licensed under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsHeb of Foods = open Prelude in {
+  
+  flags coding=utf8 ;
+
+    lincat
+      Comment = SS ;
+      Quality = {s: Number => Species => Gender =>  Str} ;  
+      Kind = {s : Number => Species => Str ; g : Gender ; mod : Modified} ; 
+      Item = {s : Str ; g : Gender ; n : Number ; sp : Species ; mod : Modified} ; 
+  
+ 
+    lin
+      Pred item quality = ss (item.s ++ quality.s ! item.n ! Indef ! item.g ) ; 
+      This  = det Sg Def "הזה" "הזאת"; 
+      That  = det Sg Def "ההוא" "ההיא" ; 
+      These = det Pl Def "האלה" "האלה" ; 
+      Those = det Pl Def "ההם" "ההן" ; 
+      Mod quality kind = {
+	s = \\n,sp => kind.s ! n ! sp ++ quality.s ! n ! sp ! kind.g;
+	g = kind.g ;
+	mod = T
+	} ;     
+      Wine = regNoun "יין" "יינות" Masc ; 
+      Cheese = regNoun "גבינה" "גבינות" Fem ;  
+      Fish = regNoun "דג" "דגים" Masc ; 
+      Pizza = regNoun "פיצה" "פיצות" Fem ; 
+      Very qual = {s = \\g,n,sp => "מאוד" ++  qual.s ! g ! n ! sp} ;
+      Fresh = regAdj "טרי" ; 
+      Warm = regAdj "חם" ;
+      Italian = regAdj2 "איטלקי" ;
+      Expensive = regAdj "יקר" ; 
+      Delicious = regAdj "טעים" ; 
+      Boring = regAdj2 "משעמם"; 
+
+    param 
+      Number = Sg | Pl ;
+      Gender = Masc | Fem ;
+      Species = Def | Indef ;  
+      Modified = T | F ;
+
+    oper
+	Noun : Type = {s : Number => Species => Str ; g : Gender ; mod : Modified } ;
+  	Adj : Type = {s : Number => Species => Gender => Str} ;
+
+      det : Number -> Species -> Str -> Str -> Noun -> 
+	{s : Str ; g :Gender ; n : Number ; sp : Species ; mod : Modified} = 
+        \n,sp,m,f,cn -> {
+	  s = case cn.mod of { _ => cn.s ! n ! sp ++ case cn.g of {Masc => m ; Fem  => f} };
+	  g = cn.g ; 
+          n = n ;
+	  sp = sp ;
+	  mod = cn.mod
+        } ;
+      
+	noun : (gvina,hagvina,gvinot,hagvinot : Str) ->  Gender -> Noun =  
+      		\gvina,hagvina,gvinot,hagvinot,g -> {
+        	s = table {
+          		Sg  => table {
+             			Indef => gvina ;
+             			Def =>  hagvina 
+            		} ;
+          		Pl => table {
+             			Indef => gvinot ;
+             			Def => hagvinot  
+            		} 
+       	  	} ;
+        	g = g ;
+		mod = F 
+      } ;
+
+	regNoun : Str -> Str -> Gender -> Noun = 
+	        \gvina,gvinot, g -> 
+		noun gvina (defH gvina) gvinot (defH gvinot) g ; 
+
+      defH : Str -> Str = \cn ->
+	case cn of {_ => "ה" + cn};	
+
+      replaceLastLetter : Str -> Str = \c ->
+	 case c of {"ף" => "פ" ; "ם" => "מ" ; "ן" => "נ" ; "ץ" => "צ" ; "ך" => "כ"; _ => c} ;
+	      
+      adjective : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Adj = 
+       \tov,tova,tovim,tovot -> {
+        s = table {
+          Sg => table { 
+			Indef => table { Masc => tov ; Fem => tova } ; 
+			Def => table { Masc => defH tov ; Fem => defH tova }  
+            		} ; 
+          Pl => table { 
+			Indef => table {Masc => tovim ; Fem  => tovot } ; 
+			Def => table { Masc => defH tovim ; Fem  => defH tovot }  
+            		}
+	}
+      } ;
+    
+      regAdj : Str -> Adj = \tov ->
+	case tov of { to + c@? =>
+	adjective tov (to + replaceLastLetter (c) + "ה" ) (to + replaceLastLetter (c) +"ים" ) (to + replaceLastLetter (c) + "ות" )};	 
+     
+     regAdj2 : Str -> Adj = \italki ->
+ 	case italki of { italk+ c@? => 
+    adjective italki (italk + replaceLastLetter (c)  +"ת" )  (italk + replaceLastLetter (c)+ "ים" ) (italk + replaceLastLetter (c)  + "ות" )};
+
+}  -- FoodsHeb  

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsHin.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+-- (c) 2010 Vikash Rauniyar under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsHin of Foods = {
+
+  flags coding=utf8 ;
+
+  param
+    Gender = Masc | Fem ;
+    Number = Sg | Pl ;
+  lincat
+    Comment = {s : Str} ;
+    Item    = {s : Str ; g : Gender ; n : Number} ;
+    Kind    = {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ;
+    Quality = {s : Gender => Number => Str} ;
+  lin
+    Pred item quality = {
+      s = item.s ++ quality.s ! item.g ! item.n ++ copula item.n
+      } ;
+    This kind = {s = "यह" ++ kind.s ! Sg ; g = kind.g ; n = Sg} ;
+    That kind = {s = "वह" ++ kind.s ! Sg ; g = kind.g ; n = Sg} ;
+    These kind = {s = "ये" ++ kind.s ! Pl ; g = kind.g ; n = Pl} ;
+    Those kind = {s = "वे" ++ kind.s ! Pl ; g = kind.g ; n = Pl} ;
+    Mod quality kind = {
+      s = \\n => quality.s ! kind.g ! n ++ kind.s ! n ; 
+      g = kind.g
+      } ;
+    Wine = regN "मदिरा" ;
+    Cheese = regN "पनीर" ;
+    Fish = regN "मछली" ;
+    Pizza = regN "पिज़्ज़ा" ;
+    Very quality = {s = \\g,n => "अति" ++ quality.s ! g ! n} ;
+    Fresh = regAdj "ताज़ा" ;
+    Warm = regAdj "गरम" ;
+    Italian = regAdj "इटली" ; 
+    Expensive = regAdj "बहुमूल्य" ;
+    Delicious = regAdj "स्वादिष्ट" ;
+    Boring = regAdj "अरुचिकर" ;
+
+  oper
+    mkN : Str -> Str -> Gender -> {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} = 
+      \s,p,g -> {
+        s = table {
+          Sg => s ;
+          Pl => p
+          } ;
+        g = g
+      } ;
+
+    regN : Str -> {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} = \s -> case s of {
+      lark + "ा" => mkN s (lark + "े") Masc ;
+      lark + "ी" => mkN s (lark + "ीयँा") Fem ;
+      _           => mkN s s Masc 
+      } ;
+
+    mkAdj : Str -> Str -> Str -> {s : Gender => Number => Str} = \ms,mp,f -> {
+      s = table {
+        Masc => table {
+          Sg => ms ;
+          Pl => mp
+          } ;
+        Fem  => \\_ => f
+        }
+      } ;
+
+    regAdj : Str -> {s : Gender => Number => Str} = \a -> case a of {
+      acch + "ा" => mkAdj a (acch + "े") (acch + "ी") ;
+      _          => mkAdj a a a
+      } ;
+
+    copula : Number -> Str = \n -> case n of {
+      Sg => "है" ;
+      Pl => "हैं"
+      } ;
+
+  }

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsI.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-- (c) 2009 Aarne Ranta under LGPL
+
+incomplete concrete FoodsI of Foods = 
+    open Syntax, LexFoods in {
+  lincat
+    Comment = Utt ; 
+    Item = NP ;
+    Kind = CN ;
+    Quality = AP ;
+  lin
+    Pred item quality = mkUtt (mkCl item quality) ;
+    This kind = mkNP this_Det kind ;
+    That kind = mkNP that_Det kind ;
+    These kind = mkNP these_Det kind ;
+    Those kind = mkNP those_Det kind ;
+    Mod quality kind = mkCN quality kind ;
+    Very quality = mkAP very_AdA quality ;
+
+    Wine = mkCN wine_N ;
+    Pizza = mkCN pizza_N ;
+    Cheese = mkCN cheese_N ;
+    Fish = mkCN fish_N ;
+    Fresh = mkAP fresh_A ;
+    Warm = mkAP warm_A ;
+    Italian = mkAP italian_A ;
+    Expensive = mkAP expensive_A ;
+    Delicious = mkAP delicious_A ;
+    Boring = mkAP boring_A ;
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsIce.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+
+-- (c) 2009 Martha Dis Brandt under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsIce of Foods = open Prelude in {
+
+  flags coding=utf8;
+
+  lincat
+    Comment = SS ; 
+    Quality = {s : Gender => Number => Defin => Str} ; 
+    Kind = {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ; 
+    Item = {s : Str ; g : Gender ; n : Number} ; 
+
+  lin
+    Pred item quality =  ss (item.s ++ copula item.n ++ quality.s ! item.g ! item.n ! Ind) ;
+         This, That  = det Sg "þessi"   "þessi"  "þetta" ;
+         These, Those = det Pl "þessir" "þessar" "þessi" ;
+    Mod quality kind = { s = \\n => quality.s ! kind.g ! n ! Def ++ kind.s ! n ; g = kind.g } ;
+         Wine = noun "vín" "vín" Neutr ;
+         Cheese = noun "ostur" "ostar" Masc ; 
+         Fish = noun "fiskur" "fiskar" Masc ; 
+         -- the word "pizza" is more commonly used in Iceland, but "flatbaka" is the Icelandic word for it
+         Pizza = noun "flatbaka" "flatbökur" Fem ;
+    Very qual = {s = \\g,n,defOrInd => "mjög" ++ qual.s ! g ! n ! defOrInd } ;
+         Fresh = regAdj "ferskur" ;
+         Warm = regAdj "heitur" ;
+         Boring = regAdj "leiðinlegur" ;
+         -- the order of the given adj forms is: mSg fSg nSg mPl fPl nPl mSgDef f/nSgDef _PlDef
+         Italian = adjective "ítalskur" "ítölsk" "ítalskt" "ítalskir" "ítalskar" "ítölsk" "ítalski" "ítalska" "ítalsku" ;
+         Expensive = adjective "dýr" "dýr" "dýrt" "dýrir" "dýrar" "dýr" "dýri" "dýra" "dýru" ; 
+         Delicious = adjective "ljúffengur" "ljúffeng" "ljúffengt" "ljúffengir" "ljúffengar" "ljúffeng" "ljúffengi" "ljúffenga" "ljúffengu" ;
+
+  param
+    Number = Sg | Pl ;
+    Gender = Masc | Fem | Neutr ;
+    Defin = Ind | Def ;
+
+  oper
+    det : Number -> Str -> Str -> Str -> {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} -> 
+        {s : Str ; g : Gender ; n : Number} = 
+      \n,masc,fem,neutr,cn -> {
+        s = case cn.g of {Masc => masc ; Fem => fem; Neutr => neutr } ++ cn.s ! n ;
+        g = cn.g ;
+        n = n
+      } ;
+
+    noun : Str -> Str -> Gender -> {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} = 
+      \man,men,g -> {
+        s = table {
+          Sg => man ;
+          Pl => men 
+          } ;
+        g = g
+      } ;
+
+    adjective : (x1,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,x9 : Str) -> {s : Gender => Number => Defin => Str} =
+      \ferskur,fersk,ferskt,ferskir,ferskar,fersk_pl,ferski,ferska,fersku -> {
+         s = \\g,n,t => case <g,n,t> of {
+            < Masc, Sg, Ind > => ferskur ;
+            < Masc, Pl, Ind > => ferskir ;
+            < Fem, Sg, Ind > => fersk ;
+            < Fem, Pl, Ind > => ferskar ;
+            < Neutr, Sg, Ind > => ferskt ;
+            < Neutr, Pl, Ind > => fersk_pl;
+            < Masc, Sg, Def > => ferski ;
+            < Fem, Sg, Def > | < Neutr, Sg, Def > => ferska ;
+            < _ , Pl, Def > => fersku 
+            }
+          } ;
+
+    regAdj : Str -> {s : Gender => Number => Defin => Str} = \ferskur ->
+      let fersk = Predef.tk 2 ferskur
+      in adjective
+        ferskur fersk (fersk + "t")
+        (fersk + "ir") (fersk + "ar") fersk
+        (fersk + "i") (fersk + "a") (fersk + "u") ;
+
+    copula : Number -> Str = 
+      \n -> case n of {
+        Sg => "er" ;
+        Pl => "eru"
+        } ;
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+-- (c) 2009 Aarne Ranta under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsIta of Foods = FoodsI with 
+  (Syntax = SyntaxIta),
+  (LexFoods = LexFoodsIta) ;
+

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsJpn.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+
+-- (c) 2009 Zofia Stankiewicz under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsJpn of Foods = open Prelude in {
+
+flags coding=utf8 ;
+
+  lincat
+    Comment = {s: Style => Str};
+    Quality = {s: AdjUse => Str ; t: AdjType} ;
+    Kind = {s : Number => Str} ; 
+    Item = {s : Str ; n : Number} ; 
+
+  lin
+    Pred item quality = {s = case quality.t of {
+      IAdj => table {Plain => item.s ++ quality.s ! APred ; Polite => item.s ++ quality.s ! APred ++ copula ! Polite ! item.n } ;
+      NaAdj => \\p => item.s ++ quality.s ! APred ++ copula ! p ! item.n } 
+      } ;
+    This  = det Sg "この" ;
+    That  = det Sg "その" ;
+    These = det Pl "この" ;
+    Those = det Pl "その" ;
+    Mod quality kind = {s = \\n => quality.s ! Attr ++ kind.s ! n} ;
+    Wine = regNoun "ワインは" ;
+    Cheese = regNoun "チーズは" ;
+    Fish = regNoun "魚は" ;
+    Pizza = regNoun "ピザは" ;
+    Very quality =  {s = \\a => "とても" ++ quality.s ! a ; t = quality.t } ;
+    Fresh = adj "新鮮な" "新鮮";
+    Warm = regAdj "あたたかい" ;
+    Italian = adj "イタリアの" "イタリアのもの";
+    Expensive = regAdj "たかい" ;
+    Delicious = regAdj "おいしい" ;
+    Boring = regAdj "つまらない" ;
+
+  param
+    Number = Sg | Pl ;
+    AdjUse = Attr | APred ;        -- na-adjectives have different forms as noun attributes and predicates
+    Style = Plain | Polite ;      -- for phrase types
+    AdjType = IAdj | NaAdj ;      -- IAdj can form predicates without the copula, NaAdj cannot
+
+  oper
+    det : Number -> Str -> {s : Number => Str} -> {s : Str ; n : Number} = 
+      \n,d,cn -> {
+        s = d ++ cn.s ! n ;
+        n = n
+      } ;
+   noun : Str -> Str -> {s : Number => Str} = 
+      \sakana,sakana -> {s = \\_ => sakana } ;
+
+   regNoun : Str -> {s : Number => Str} = 
+      \sakana -> noun sakana sakana ;
+
+   adj : Str -> Str -> {s : AdjUse => Str ; t : AdjType} =
+      \chosenna, chosen -> {
+       s = table { 
+         Attr => chosenna ;
+         APred => chosen
+       } ;
+       t = NaAdj 
+      } ;
+   
+   regAdj : Str -> {s: AdjUse => Str ; t : AdjType} =\akai -> {
+     s = \\_ => akai ; t = IAdj} ;
+
+    copula : Style => Number => Str = 
+      table { 
+        Plain => \\_ => "だ" ;
+        Polite => \\_ => "です" } ;
+
+}   

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsLat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+--# -path=.:present
+
+-- (c) 2009 Aarne Ranta under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsLat of Foods = LexFoodsLat **
+{
+  lincat
+    Comment = { s : Str } ;
+    Item = { number : Number ; gender : Gender; noun : Str; adj : Str; det : Str };
+  lin
+    Mod quality kind =
+      variants {
+	{
+	  gender = kind.gender ;
+	  noun = table { number => kind.noun ! number ++ quality.s ! number ! kind.gender } ;
+	  adj = kind.adj
+	  } ;
+	{
+	  gender = kind.gender ;
+	  noun = kind.noun ;
+	  adj = table { number => kind.adj ! number ++ quality.s ! number ! kind.gender }
+	  } ;
+	{
+	  gender = kind.gender ;
+	  noun = table { number => quality.s ! number ! kind.gender ++ kind.noun ! number } ;
+	  adj = kind.adj
+	  } ;
+       	{
+      	  gender = kind.gender ;
+      	  noun = kind.noun ;
+      	  adj = table { number => quality.s ! number ! kind.gender ++ kind.adj ! number }
+      	  }
+      };
+    Pred item quality =
+      let aux : Number => Str =
+	    table { Sg => "est" ; Pl => "sunt" } ;
+      in
+      {
+	s = variants {
+	  item.det ++ item.noun ++ item.adj ++ aux ! item.number ++ quality.s ! item.number ! item.gender ;
+	  item.det ++ item.adj ++ item.noun ++ aux ! item.number ++ quality.s ! item.number ! item.gender ;
+	  item.det ++ item.noun ++ item.adj ++ quality.s ! item.number ! item.gender ++ aux ! item.number ;
+	  item.det ++ item.adj ++ item.noun  ++ quality.s ! item.number ! item.gender ++ aux ! item.number
+	  };
+      };
+    This kind = {
+      number = Sg ;
+      gender = kind.gender ;
+      noun = kind.noun ! Sg ;
+      adj = kind.adj ! Sg ;
+      det = table { Male => "hic" ; Female => "haec" ; Neuter => "hoc" } ! kind.gender
+      } ;
+    These kind = {
+      number = Pl ;
+      gender = kind.gender ;
+      noun = kind.noun ! Pl ;
+      adj = kind.adj ! Pl ;
+      det = table { Male => "hi" ; Female => "hae" ; Neuter => "haec" } ! kind.gender
+      } ;
+    That kind = {
+      number = Sg ;
+      gender = kind.gender ;
+      noun = kind.noun ! Sg ;
+      adj = kind.adj ! Sg ;
+      det = table { Male => "is" ; Female => "ea" ; Neuter => "id" } ! kind.gender
+      } ;
+    Those kind = {
+      number = Pl ;
+      gender = kind.gender ;
+      noun = kind.noun ! Pl ;
+      adj = kind.adj ! Pl ;
+      det = table { Male => variants { "ei "; "ii" } ; Female => "eae" ; Neuter => "ea" } ! kind.gender
+      } ;
+    Very quality = { s = \\n,g => "valde" ++ quality.s ! n ! g };
+}
+

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsLav.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+
+-- (c) 2009 Inese Bernsone under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsLav of Foods = open Prelude in {
+
+  flags
+    coding=utf8 ;
+    
+  lincat
+    Comment = SS ; 
+    Quality = {s : Q => Gender => Number => Defin => Str } ; 
+    Kind = {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ; 
+    Item = {s : Str ; g : Gender ; n : Number } ; 
+
+  lin
+    Pred item quality = ss (item.s ++ {- copula item.n -} "ir" ++ quality.s ! Q1 ! item.g ! item.n ! Ind ) ;
+      This  = det Sg "šis" "šī" ;
+      That  = det Sg "tas" "tā" ;
+      These = det Pl "šie" "šīs" ;
+      Those = det Pl "tie" "tās" ;
+    Mod quality kind = {s = \\n => quality.s ! Q1 ! kind.g ! n ! Def ++ kind.s ! n ; g = kind.g } ;
+      Wine = noun "vīns" "vīni" Masc ;
+      Cheese = noun "siers" "sieri" Masc ;
+      Fish = noun "zivs" "zivis" Fem ;
+      Pizza = noun "pica" "picas" Fem ;
+    Very qual = {s = \\q,g,n,spec => "ļoti" ++ qual.s ! Q2 ! g ! n ! spec }; 
+ 
+      Fresh = adjective "svaigs" "svaiga" "svaigi" "svaigas" "svaigais" "svaigā" "svaigie" "svaigās" ;
+      Warm = regAdj "silts" ;
+      Italian = specAdj "itāļu" (regAdj "itālisks") ;
+      Expensive = regAdj "dārgs" ;
+      Delicious = regAdj "garšīgs" ;
+      Boring = regAdj "garlaicīgs" ;
+
+  param
+    Number = Sg | Pl ;
+    Gender = Masc | Fem ;
+    Defin = Ind | Def ;
+    Q = Q1 | Q2 ;
+
+  oper
+   det : Number -> Str -> Str -> {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} -> 
+        {s : Str ; g : Gender ; n : Number} = 
+      \n,m,f,cn -> {
+        s = case cn.g of {Masc => m ; Fem => f} ++ cn.s ! n ;
+        g = cn.g ;
+        n = n
+      } ;
+    noun : Str -> Str -> Gender -> {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} = 
+      \man,men,g -> {
+        s = table {
+          Sg => man ;
+          Pl => men 
+          } ;
+        g = g
+      } ;
+    adjective : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> {s : Q => Gender => Number => Defin => Str} = 
+      \skaists,skaista,skaisti,skaistas,skaistais,skaistaa,skaistie,skaistaas -> {
+        s = table {
+		  _ => table {
+            Masc => table {
+              Sg => table {Ind => skaists ; Def => skaistais} ;
+              Pl => table {Ind => skaisti ; Def => skaistie}
+              } ; 
+            Fem => table {
+              Sg => table {Ind => skaista ; Def => skaistaa} ;
+              Pl => table {Ind => skaistas ; Def => skaistaas} 
+              }
+            } 
+		  }
+        } ;
+      
+ {-   irregAdj : Str -> {s : Gender => Number => Defin => Str} = \itaalju ->
+     let itaalju = itaalju
+     in adjective itaalju (itaalju) (itaalju) (itaalju) (itaalju) (itaalju) (itaalju) (itaalju) ; -}
+     
+    regAdj : Str -> {s : Q => Gender => Number => Defin => Str} = \skaists ->
+      let skaist = init skaists 
+      in adjective skaists (skaist + "a") (skaist + "i") (skaist + "as") (skaist + "ais") (skaist + "ā") (skaist + "ie") (skaist + "ās");
+
+    Adjective : Type = {s : Q => Gender => Number => Defin => Str} ;
+
+	specAdj : Str -> Adjective -> Adjective = \s,a -> {
+      s = table {
+        Q2 => a.s ! Q1 ;
+        Q1 => \\_,_,_ => s
+        }		
+	  } ;
+	
+	}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsMkd.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+-- (c) 2009 Krasimir Angelov under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsMkd of Foods = {
+
+flags coding = utf8 ;
+
+lincat
+    Comment = Str;
+    Quality = {s : Agr => Str};
+    Item = {s : Str; a : Agr};
+    Kind = {s : Number => Str; g : Gender};
+
+lin
+    Pred item qual = 
+       item.s ++
+       case item.a of {
+         ASg _ => "е";
+         APl => "се"
+       } ++
+       qual.s ! item.a;
+    This kind = {
+       s = case kind.g of {
+             Masc  => "овоj";
+             Fem   => "оваа";
+             Neutr => "ова"
+           } ++
+           kind.s ! Sg;
+       a = ASg kind.g};
+    That kind = {
+       s = case kind.g of {
+             Masc  => "оноj";
+             Fem   => "онаа";
+             Neutr => "она"
+           } ++ 
+           kind.s ! Sg;
+       a = ASg kind.g};
+    These kind = {s = "овие" ++ kind.s ! Pl; a = APl};
+    Those kind = {s = "оние" ++ kind.s ! Pl; a = APl};
+    Mod qual kind = {
+       s = \\n => qual.s ! case n of {
+                             Sg => ASg kind.g;
+                             Pl => APl
+                           } ++
+                  kind.s ! n;
+       g = kind.g};
+    Wine  = {
+       s = table {
+             Sg => "вино";
+             Pl => "вина"
+       };
+       g = Neutr};
+    Cheese = {
+       s = table {
+             Sg => "сирење";
+             Pl => "сирењa"
+           };
+       g = Neutr};
+    Fish = {
+       s = table {
+             Sg => "риба";
+             Pl => "риби"
+       };
+       g = Fem};
+    Pizza = {
+       s = table {
+             Sg => "пица";
+             Pl => "пици"
+           };
+       g = Fem
+       };
+    Very qual = {s = \\g => "многу" ++ qual.s ! g};
+    Fresh = {
+       s = table {
+             ASg Masc  => "свеж";
+             ASg Fem   => "свежа";
+             ASg Neutr => "свежо";
+             APl       => "свежи"}
+       };
+    Warm  = {
+      s = table {
+            ASg Masc  => "топол";
+            ASg Fem   => "топла";
+            ASg Neutr => "топло";
+            APl       => "топли"}
+      };
+    Italian  = {
+      s = table {
+            ASg Masc  => "италијански";
+            ASg Fem   => "италијанска";
+            ASg Neutr => "италијанско";
+            APl       => "италијански"}
+      };
+    Expensive  = {
+       s = table {
+             ASg Masc  => "скап";
+             ASg Fem   => "скапа";
+             ASg Neutr => "скапо";
+             APl       => "скапи"}
+       };
+    Delicious  = {
+       s = table {
+             ASg Masc  => "вкусен";
+             ASg Fem   => "вкусна";
+             ASg Neutr => "вкусно";
+             APl       => "вкусни"}
+       };
+    Boring  = {
+       s = table {
+             ASg Masc  => "досаден";
+             ASg Fem   => "досадна";
+             ASg Neutr => "досадно";
+             APl       => "досадни"}
+       };
+
+param
+    Gender = Masc | Fem | Neutr;
+    Number = Sg | Pl;
+    Agr = ASg Gender | APl;
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsMlt.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+-- (c) 2013 John J. Camilleri under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsMlt of Foods = open Prelude in {
+  flags coding=utf8 ;
+
+  lincat
+    Comment = SS ;
+    Quality = {s : Gender => Number => Str} ;
+    Kind = {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ;
+    Item = {s : Str ; g : Gender ; n : Number} ;
+
+  lin
+    -- Pred item quality = ss (item.s ++ copula item.n item.g ++ quality.s ! item.g ! item.n) ;
+    Pred item quality = ss (item.s ++ quality.s ! item.g ! item.n) ;
+
+    This kind = det Sg "dan" "din" kind ;
+    That kind = det Sg "dak" "dik" kind ;
+    These kind = det Pl "dawn" "" kind ;
+    Those kind = det Pl "dawk" "" kind ;
+
+    Mod quality kind = {
+      s = \\n => kind.s ! n ++ quality.s ! kind.g ! n ;
+      g = kind.g
+      } ;
+
+    Wine = noun "inbid" "inbejjed" Masc ;
+    Cheese = noun "ġobon" "ġobniet" Masc ;
+    Fish = noun "ħuta" "ħut" Fem ;
+    Pizza = noun "pizza" "pizzez" Fem ;
+
+    Very qual = {s = \\g,n => qual.s ! g ! n ++ "ħafna"} ;
+
+    Warm = adjective "sħun" "sħuna" "sħan" ;
+    Expensive = adjective "għali" "għalja" "għaljin" ;
+    Delicious = adjective "tajjeb" "tajba" "tajbin" ;
+    Boring = uniAdj "tad-dwejjaq" ;
+    Fresh = regAdj "frisk" ;
+    Italian = regAdj "Taljan" ;
+
+  param
+    Number = Sg | Pl ;
+    Gender = Masc | Fem ;
+
+  oper
+    --Create an adjective (full function)
+    --Params: Sing Masc, Sing Fem, Plural
+    adjective : (_,_,_ : Str) -> {s : Gender => Number => Str} = \iswed,sewda,suwed -> {
+      s = table {
+	Masc => table {
+	  Sg => iswed ;
+	  Pl => suwed
+	  } ;
+	Fem => table {
+	  Sg => sewda ;
+	  Pl => suwed
+	  }
+	}
+      } ;
+
+    --Create a regular adjective
+    --Param: Sing Masc
+    regAdj : Str -> {s : Gender => Number => Str} = \frisk ->
+      adjective frisk (frisk + "a") (frisk + "i") ;
+
+    --Create a "uni-adjective" eg tal-buzz
+    --Param: Sing Masc
+    uniAdj : Str -> {s : Gender => Number => Str} = \uni ->
+      adjective uni uni uni ;
+
+    --Create a noun
+    --Params: Singular, Plural, Gender (inherent)
+    noun : Str -> Str -> Gender -> {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} = \ktieb,kotba,g -> {
+      s = table {
+	Sg => ktieb ;
+	Pl => kotba
+	} ;
+      g = g
+      } ;
+
+    --Copula is a linking verb
+    --Params: Number, Gender
+    -- copula : Number -> Gender -> Str = \n,g -> case n of {
+    --   Sg => case g of { Masc => "huwa" ; Fem => "hija" } ;
+    --   Pl => "huma"
+    --   } ;
+
+    --Create an article, taking into account first letter of next word
+    article = pre {
+      "a"|"e"|"i"|"o"|"u" => "l-" ;
+      --cons@("ċ"|"d"|"n"|"r"|"s"|"t"|"x"|"ż") => "i" + cons + "-" ;
+      _ => "il-"
+      } ;
+
+    --Create a determinant
+    --Params: Sg/Pl, Masc, Fem
+    det : Number -> Str -> Str -> {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} -> {s : Str ; g : Gender ; n : Number} = \n,m,f,cn -> {
+      s = case n of {
+	Sg => case cn.g of {Masc => m ; Fem => f}; --string
+	Pl => m --default to masc
+	} ++ article ++ cn.s ! n ;
+      g = cn.g ; --gender
+      n = n --number
+      } ;
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsMon.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+
+-- (c) 2009 Nyamsuren Erdenebadrakh under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsMon of Foods = open Prelude in {
+  flags coding=utf8;
+
+  lincat
+    Comment, Quality = SS ; 
+	Kind = {s : Number => Str} ; 
+    Item = {s : Str ; n : Number} ; 
+
+  lin
+	Pred item quality = ss (item.s ++ "бол" ++ quality.s) ;
+	This  = det Sg "энэ" ;
+	That  = det Sg "тэр" ;
+	These = det Pl "эдгээр" ;
+	Those = det Pl "тэдгээр" ;
+	Mod quality kind = {s = \\n => quality.s ++ kind.s ! n} ;
+	Wine = regNoun "дарс" ;
+	Cheese = regNoun "бяслаг" ;
+	Fish = regNoun "загас" ;
+	Pizza = regNoun "пицца" ;
+	Very = prefixSS "маш" ;
+	Fresh = ss "шинэ" ;
+	Warm = ss "халуун" ;
+	Italian = ss "итали" ;
+	Expensive = ss "үнэтэй" ;
+	Delicious = ss "амттай" ;
+	Boring = ss "амтгүй" ;
+
+  param
+    Number = Sg | Pl ;
+
+  oper
+	det : Number -> Str -> {s : Number => Str} -> {s : Str ; n : Number} = 
+	\n,d,cn -> {
+		s = d ++ cn.s ! n ;
+		n = n
+	} ;
+  	
+	regNoun : Str -> {s : Number => Str} = 
+	\x -> {s = table {
+		Sg => x ; 
+		Pl => x + "нууд"}
+		} ;
+	}
+	 
+    

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsNep.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+-- (c) 2011 Dinesh Simkhada under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsNep of Foods = {
+
+  flags coding = utf8 ;
+
+  lincat
+    Comment, Quality = {s : Str} ; 
+    Kind = {s : Number => Str} ; 
+    Item = {s : Str ; n : Number} ; 
+    
+  lin
+    Pred item quality = 
+      {s = item.s ++ quality.s ++ copula ! item.n} ;
+      
+    This  = det Sg "यो" ;
+    That  = det Sg "त्यो" ;
+    These = det Pl "यी" ;
+    Those = det Pl "ती" ;
+    Mod quality kind = 
+      {s = \\n => quality.s ++ kind.s ! n} ;
+      
+    Wine = regNoun "रक्सी" ;
+    Cheese = regNoun "चिज" ;
+    Fish = regNoun "माछा" ;
+    Pizza = regNoun "पिज्जा" ;
+    Very a = {s = "धेरै" ++ a.s} ;
+    Fresh = adj "ताजा" ;
+    Warm = adj "तातो" ;
+    Italian = adj "इटालियन" ;
+    Expensive = adj "महँगो" | adj "बहुमूल्य" ;
+    Delicious = adj "स्वादिष्ट" | adj "मीठो" ;
+    Boring = adjPl "नमिठो" ;
+  
+  param
+    Number = Sg | Pl ;
+    
+  oper
+    det : Number -> Str -> 
+      {s : Number => Str} -> {s : Str ; n : Number} = 
+        \n,det,noun -> {s = det ++ noun.s ! n ; n = n} ;
+    
+    noun : Str -> Str -> {s : Number => Str} = 
+      \man,men -> {s = table {Sg => man ; Pl => men}} ;
+    
+    regNoun : Str -> {s : Number => Str} = 
+      \car -> noun car (car + "हरु") ;
+    
+    adjPl : Str -> {s : Str} = \a -> case a of {
+      bor + "ठो" => adj (bor + "ठा") ;
+      _ => adj a
+      } ;
+      
+    adj : Str -> {s : Str} = 
+      \cold -> {s = cold} ;
+    
+    copula : Number => Str = 
+      table {Sg => "छ" ; Pl => "छन्"} ;
+}
+

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsOri.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+concrete FoodsOri of Foods = {
+
+flags coding = utf8 ;
+
+lincat
+    Comment = Str;
+    Item = Str;
+    Kind = Str;
+    Quality = Str;
+
+lin
+    Pred item quality = item ++ quality ++ "ଅଟେ";
+    This kind = "ଏଇ" ++ kind;
+    That kind = "ସେଇ" ++ kind;
+    These kind = "ଏଇ" ++ kind ++ "ଗୁଡିକ" ;
+    Those kind = "ସେଇ" ++ kind ++ "ଗୁଡିକ" ;
+    Mod quality kind = quality ++ kind;
+    Wine  = "ମଦ";
+    Cheese  = "ଛେନା";
+    Fish  = "ମାଛ";
+    Pizza = "ପିଜଜ଼ା" ;
+    Very quality = "ଅତି" ++ quality;
+    Fresh  = "ତାଜା";
+    Warm  = "ଗରମ";
+    Italian  = "ଇଟାଲି";
+    Expensive  = "ମୁଲ୍ୟବାନ୍";
+    Delicious  = "ସ୍ଵାଦିସ୍ଟ ";
+    Boring  = "ଅରୁଚିକର";
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsPes.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+concrete FoodsPes of Foods = {
+
+      flags optimize=noexpand ; coding=utf8 ;
+	  
+      lincat
+        Comment = {s : Str} ;
+		Quality = {s : Add => Str; prep : Str} ;
+        Kind = {s : Add => Number => Str ; prep : Str};
+        Item = {s : Str ; n : Number};
+      lin
+        Pred item quality = {s = item.s ++ quality.s ! Indep ++ copula ! item.n} ;
+        This = det Sg "این" ;
+        That = det Sg "آن" ;
+        These = det Pl "این" ;
+        Those = det Pl "آن" ;
+        
+        Mod quality kind = {s = \\a,n =>  kind.s ! Attr ! n ++ kind.prep ++ quality.s ! a ;                                  
+                            prep = quality.prep             
+                            };
+        Wine = regN "شراب" ; 
+        Cheese = regN "پنیر" ;
+        Fish = regN "ماهى" ;
+        Pizza = regN "پیتزا" ;
+        Very a = {s = \\at => "خیلی" ++ a.s ! at ; prep = a.prep} ;
+        Fresh = adj "تازه" ;
+        Warm = adj "گرم" ;
+        Italian = adj "ایتالیایی" ;
+        Expensive = adj "گران" ;
+        Delicious = adj "لذىذ" ;
+        Boring = adj "ملال آور" ;  -- it must be written as ملال آور. 
+     
+     param
+        Number = Sg | Pl ;
+		Add = Indep | Attr ;
+     oper
+        det : Number -> Str -> {s: Add => Number => Str ; prep : Str} -> {s : Str ; n: Number} =
+           \n,det,noun -> {s = det ++ noun.s ! Indep ! n ; n = n };
+           
+        noun : (x1,_,_,x4 : Str) -> {s : Add => Number => Str ; prep : Str} = \pytzA, pytzAy, pytzAhA,pr -> 
+         {s = \\a,n => case <a,n> of
+		        {<Indep,Sg> => pytzA ; <Indep,Pl> => pytzAhA ;
+  				 <Attr,Sg>  =>pytzA ; <Attr,Pl>  => pytzAhA + "ى" };
+		 prep = pr
+		 };		 
+         
+        regN : Str -> {s: Add => Number => Str ; prep : Str} = \mrd -> 
+		case mrd of 
+		{ _ + ("ا"|"ه"|"ى"|"و"|"") => noun mrd (mrd+"ى") (mrd + "ها") "";
+		  _                        => noun mrd mrd (mrd + "ها") "e"
+		};
+        
+        adj : Str -> {s : Add => Str; prep : Str} = \tAzh -> 
+		case tAzh of 
+		{ _ + ("ا"|"ه"|"ى"|"و"|"") => mkAdj tAzh (tAzh ++ "ى") "" ;
+		  _                        => mkAdj tAzh tAzh "ه"
+        };
+		
+		mkAdj : Str -> Str -> Str -> {s : Add => Str; prep : Str} = \tAzh, tAzhy, pr  ->
+		{s = table {Indep => tAzh;
+		            Attr => tAzhy};
+		 prep = pr 			
+		};
+        copula : Number => Str = table {Sg => "است"; Pl => "هستند"};
+      
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsPor.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+-- (c) 2009 Rami Shashati under LGPL
+--# -coding=latin1
+
+concrete FoodsPor of Foods = open Prelude in {
+	lincat
+	  Comment = {s : Str} ;
+	  Quality = {s : Gender => Number => Str} ;
+	  Kind = {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ;
+	  Item = {s : Str ; n : Number ; g : Gender } ;
+	
+	lin 
+	  Pred item quality =
+	    {s = item.s ++ copula ! item.n ++ quality.s ! item.g ! item.n } ;
+	  This = det Sg (table {Masc => "este" ; Fem => "esta"}) ;
+	  That = det Sg (table {Masc => "esse" ; Fem => "essa"}) ;
+	  These = det Pl (table {Masc => "estes" ; Fem => "estas"}) ; 
+	  Those = det Pl (table {Masc => "esses" ; Fem => "essas"}) ;
+	 
+	  Mod quality kind = { s = \\n => kind.s ! n ++ quality.s ! kind.g ! n ; g = kind.g } ;
+	  
+	  Wine = regNoun "vinho" Masc ;
+	  Cheese = regNoun "queijo" Masc ;
+	  Fish = regNoun "peixe" Masc ;
+	  Pizza = regNoun "pizza" Fem ;
+	  
+      Very a = { s = \\g,n => "muito" ++ a.s ! g ! n } ;
+      
+      Fresh = mkAdjReg "fresco" ;
+      Warm = mkAdjReg "quente" ;
+      Italian = mkAdjReg "Italiano" ;
+      Expensive = mkAdjReg "caro" ;
+      Delicious = mkAdjReg "delicioso" ;
+      Boring = mkAdjReg "chato" ;
+	
+	param
+	  Number = Sg | Pl ;
+	  Gender = Masc | Fem ;
+	
+	oper
+	  QualityT : Type = {s : Gender => Number => Str} ;
+	  
+	  mkAdj : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> QualityT = \bonito,bonita,bonitos,bonitas -> {
+	  	s = table {
+	  		Masc => table { Sg => bonito ; Pl => bonitos } ;
+	  		Fem => table { Sg => bonita ; Pl => bonitas }
+	    } ;
+	  } ;
+	  
+	  -- regular pattern
+	  adjSozinho : Str -> QualityT = \sozinho ->
+        let sozinh = Predef.tk 1 sozinho
+        in mkAdj sozinho (sozinh + "a") (sozinh + "os") (sozinh + "as") ;
+
+      -- for gender-independent adjectives
+      adjUtil : Str -> Str -> QualityT = \util,uteis ->
+        mkAdj util util uteis uteis ;
+
+      -- smart paradigm for adjcetives
+      mkAdjReg : Str -> QualityT = \a -> case last a of {
+      	"o" => adjSozinho a ;
+        "e" => adjUtil a (a + "s")
+      } ;
+      
+      ItemT : Type = {s : Str ; n : Number ; g : Gender } ;
+      
+      det : Number -> (Gender => Str) -> KindT -> ItemT =
+        \num,det,noun -> {s = det ! noun.g ++ noun.s ! num ; n = num ; g = noun.g } ;
+	    
+	  KindT : Type = {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ;
+	    
+	  noun : Str -> Str -> Gender -> KindT =
+	    \animal,animais,gen -> {s = table {Sg => animal ; Pl => animais} ; g = gen } ;
+	    
+	  regNoun : Str -> Gender -> KindT =
+	    \carro,gen -> noun carro (carro + "s") gen ;
+	  
+	  copula : Number => Str = table {Sg => "é" ; Pl => "são"} ;
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsRon.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+-- (c) 2009 Ramona Enache under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsRon of Foods = 
+{
+flags coding=utf8 ;
+
+param Number = Sg | Pl ;
+      Gender = Masc | Fem ;
+      NGender = NMasc | NFem | NNeut ;
+lincat 
+Comment = {s : Str};
+Quality = {s : Number => Gender => Str};
+Kind = {s : Number => Str; g : NGender};
+Item = {s : Str ; n : Number; g : Gender};
+
+lin
+
+This = det Sg (mkTab "acest" "această");
+That = det Sg (mkTab "acel" "acea");
+These = det Pl (mkTab "acești" "aceste");
+Those = det Pl (mkTab "acei" "acele");
+
+Wine = mkNoun "vin" "vinuri" NNeut ;
+Cheese = mkNoun "brânză" "brânzeturi" NFem ;
+Fish = mkNoun "peşte" "peşti" NMasc ;
+Pizza = mkNoun "pizza" "pizze" NFem;
+
+Very a = {s = \\n,g => "foarte" ++ a.s ! n ! g};
+
+Fresh = mkAdj "proaspăt" "proaspătă" "proaspeţi" "proaspete" ;
+Warm = mkAdj "cald" "caldă" "calzi" "calde" ;
+Italian = mkAdj "italian" "italiană" "italieni" "italiene" ;
+Expensive = mkAdj "scump" "scumpă" "scumpi" "scumpe" ;
+Delicious = mkAdj "delicios" "delcioasă" "delicioşi" "delicioase" ;
+Boring = mkAdj "plictisitor" "plictisitoare" "plictisitori" "plictisitoare" ;
+
+Pred item quality = {s = item.s ++ copula ! item.n ++ quality.s ! item.n ! item.g} ;
+
+Mod quality kind = {s = \\n => kind.s ! n ++ quality.s ! n ! (getAgrGender kind.g n) ; g = kind.g};
+
+oper 
+
+mkTab : Str -> Str -> {s : Gender => Str} = \acesta, aceasta ->
+{s = table{Masc => acesta;
+      Fem  => aceasta}};
+
+det : Number -> {s : Gender => Str} -> {s : Number => Str ; g : NGender} -> {s : Str; n : Number; g : Gender} =
+\n,det,noun -> let gg = getAgrGender noun.g n 
+  in
+   {s =  det.s ! gg  ++ noun.s ! n  ; n = n ; g = gg};
+
+mkNoun : Str -> Str -> NGender -> {s : Number => Str; g : NGender} = \peste, pesti,g ->
+{s = table {Sg => peste;
+            Pl => pesti};
+ g = g
+};
+
+oper mkAdj : (x1,_,_,x4 : Str) -> {s : Number => Gender => Str} = \scump, scumpa, scumpi, scumpe ->
+{s = \\n,g => case <n,g> of
+{<Sg,Masc> => scump ; <Sg,Fem> => scumpa;
+<Pl,Masc> => scumpi ; <Pl,Fem> => scumpe
+}};
+
+copula : Number => Str = table {Sg => "este" ; Pl => "sunt"};
+
+getAgrGender : NGender -> Number -> Gender = \ng,n ->
+case <ng,n> of
+{<NMasc,_> => Masc ; <NFem,_> => Fem;
+<NNeut,Sg> => Masc ; <NNeut,Pl> => Fem
+};
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsSpa.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+
+concrete FoodsSpa of Foods = open SyntaxSpa, StructuralSpa, ParadigmsSpa in {
+
+	lincat
+		Comment = Utt ;
+		Item = NP ;
+		Kind = CN ;
+		Quality = AP ;
+
+	lin
+		Pred item quality = mkUtt (mkCl item quality) ;
+		This kind = mkNP this_QuantSg kind ;
+		That kind = mkNP that_QuantSg kind ;
+		These kind = mkNP these_QuantPl kind ;
+		Those kind = mkNP those_QuantPl kind ;
+		Mod quality kind = mkCN quality kind ;
+		Very quality = mkAP very_AdA quality ;
+		Wine = mkCN (mkN "vino") ;
+                Pizza = mkCN (mkN "pizza") ;
+                Cheese = mkCN (mkN "queso") ;
+                Fish = mkCN (mkN "pescado") ;
+                Fresh = mkAP (mkA "fresco") ;
+                Warm = mkAP (mkA "caliente") ;
+                Italian = mkAP (mkA "italiano") ;
+                Expensive = mkAP (mkA "caro") ;
+                Delicious = mkAP (mkA "delicioso") ;
+                Boring = mkAP (mkA "aburrido") ;
+
+}
+

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsSwe.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+-- (c) 2009 Aarne Ranta under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsSwe of Foods = FoodsI with
+  (Syntax = SyntaxSwe),
+  (LexFoods = LexFoodsSwe) ** {flags language = sv_SE;} ;

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsTha.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+
+concrete FoodsTha of Foods = open SyntaxTha, LexiconTha,
+  ParadigmsTha, (R=ResTha) in {
+
+        flags coding = utf8 ;
+
+	lincat
+		Comment = Utt ;
+		Item = NP ;
+		Kind = CN ;
+		Quality = AP ;
+
+	lin
+		Pred item quality = mkUtt (mkCl item quality) ;
+		This kind = mkNP this_Det kind ;
+		That kind = mkNP that_Det kind ;
+		These kind = mkNP these_Det kind ;
+		Those kind = mkNP those_Det kind ;
+		Mod quality kind = mkCN quality kind ;
+		Very quality = mkAP very_AdA quality ;
+		Wine = mkCN (mkN (R.thword "เหล้าอ" "งุ่น") "ขวด") ;
+                Pizza = mkCN (mkN (R.thword "พิซ" "ซา") "ถาด") ;
+                Cheese = mkCN (mkN (R.thword "เนย" "แข็ง") "ก้อน") ;
+                Fish = mkCN fish_N ;
+                Fresh = mkAP (mkA "สด") ;
+                Warm = mkAP warm_A ;
+                Italian = mkAP (mkA " อิตาลี") ;
+                Expensive = mkAP (mkA "แพง") ;
+                Delicious = mkAP (mkA "อร่อย") ;
+                Boring = mkAP (mkA (R.thword "น่า" "เบิ่อ")) ;
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsTsn.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+
+-- (c) 2009 Laurette Pretorius Sr & Jr and Ansu Berg under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsTsn of Foods = open Prelude, Predef in {
+	flags coding = utf8;
+	lincat
+		Comment = {s:Str};
+		Item = {s:Str; c:NounClass; n:Number};
+		Kind = {w: Number => Str; r: Str; c: NounClass; q: Number => Str; b: Bool};
+		Quality = {s: NounClass => Number => Str; p_form: Str; t: TType};
+	lin	
+		Pred item quality = {s = item.s ++ ((mkPredDescrCop quality.t) ! item.c ! item.n) ++ quality.p_form};
+
+		This kind = {s = (kind.w ! Sg) ++ (mkDemPron1 ! kind.c ! Sg) ++ (kind.q ! Sg); c = kind.c; n = Sg};
+		That kind = {s = (kind.w ! Sg) ++ (mkDemPron2 ! kind.c ! Sg) ++ (kind.q ! Sg); c = kind.c; n = Sg};
+		These kind = {s = (kind.w ! Pl) ++ (mkDemPron1 ! kind.c ! Pl) ++ (kind.q ! Pl); c = kind.c; n = Pl};
+		Those kind = {s = (kind.w ! Pl) ++ (mkDemPron2 ! kind.c ! Pl) ++ (kind.q ! Pl); c = kind.c; n = Pl};	
+		
+		Mod quality kind = mkMod quality kind;
+
+	-- Lexicon
+		Wine = mkNounNC14_6 "jalwa";
+		Cheese = mkNounNC9_10 "kase";
+		Fish = mkNounNC9_10 "thlapi";
+		Pizza = mkNounNC9_10 "pizza";
+		Very quality = smartVery quality; 
+		Fresh = mkVarAdj "ntsha";
+		Warm = mkOrdAdj "bothitho";
+		Italian = mkPerAdj "Itali";
+		Expensive = mkVerbRel "tura"; 
+		Delicious = mkOrdAdj "monate";
+		Boring = mkOrdAdj "bosula";
+		
+	param
+		NounClass = NC9_10 | NC14_6;
+		Number = Sg | Pl;
+		TType = P | V | ModV | R ;				
+	oper
+		mkMod : {s: NounClass => Number => Str; p_form: Str; t: TType} -> {w: Number => Str; r: Str; c: NounClass; q: Number => Str; b: Bool} -> {w: Number => Str; r: Str; c: NounClass; q: Number => Str; 
+		b: Bool} = \x,y -> case y.b of
+		{
+			True => {w = y.w; r = y.r; c = y.c; 
+				q = table {
+				Sg => ((y.q ! Sg) ++ "le" ++ ((smartQualRelPart (x.t)) ! y.c ! Sg) ++ ((smartDescrCop (x.t)) ! 					y.c ! Sg) ++ (x.s ! y.c ! Sg)); 
+				Pl => ((y.q ! Pl) ++ "le" ++ ((smartQualRelPart (x.t))! y.c ! Pl) ++ ((smartDescrCop (x.t)) ! 					y.c ! Pl) ++(x.s ! y.c ! Pl))
+				  }; b = True
+				};
+			False => {w = y.w; r = y.r; c = y.c; 
+				q = table {
+				Sg => ((y.q ! Sg) ++ ((smartQualRelPart (x.t)) ! y.c ! Sg) ++ ((smartDescrCop (x.t)) ! y.c ! Sg) 					++ (x.s ! y.c ! Sg)); 
+				Pl => ((y.q ! Pl) ++ ((smartQualRelPart (x.t)) ! y.c ! Pl) ++ ((smartDescrCop (x.t)) ! y.c ! Pl) 					++(x.s ! y.c ! Pl))
+				  }; b = True
+				}
+		};
+
+		mkNounNC14_6 : Str -> {w: Number => Str; r: Str; c: NounClass; q: Number => Str; b: Bool} = \x -> {w = table {Sg => "bo" + x; Pl => "ma" + x}; r = x; c = NC14_6; 
+		q = table {Sg => ""; Pl => ""}; b = False};
+		
+		mkNounNC9_10 : Str -> {w: Number => Str; r: Str; c: NounClass; q: Number => Str; b: Bool} = \x -> {w = table {Sg => "" + x; Pl => "di" + x}; r = x; c = NC9_10; 
+		q = table {Sg => ""; Pl => ""}; b = False};
+
+		mkVarAdj : Str -> {s: NounClass => Number => Str; p_form: Str; t: TType} = \x -> 
+		{
+			s = table {
+				NC9_10 => table {Sg => "" + x; Pl => "di" + x};
+				NC14_6 => table {Sg => "bo" + x; Pl => "ma" + x}
+				};
+			p_form = x;
+			t = R;
+		};
+
+		mkOrdAdj : Str -> {s: NounClass => Number => Str; p_form: Str; t: TType} = \x -> 
+		{
+			s = table {
+				NC9_10 => table {Sg => "" + x; Pl => "" + x};
+				NC14_6 => table {Sg => "" + x; Pl => "" + x}
+				};
+			p_form = x;
+			t = R;
+		};
+
+		mkVerbRel : Str -> {s: NounClass => Number => Str; p_form: Str; t: TType} = \x -> 
+		{
+			s = table {
+				NC9_10 => table {Sg => x + "ng"; Pl => x + "ng"};
+				NC14_6 => table {Sg => x + "ng"; Pl => x + "ng"}
+				};
+			p_form = x;
+			t = V;
+		};
+
+		mkPerAdj : Str -> {s: NounClass => Number => Str; p_form: Str; t: TType} = \x -> 
+		{
+			s = table {
+				NC9_10 => table {Sg => "" + x; Pl => "" + x};
+				NC14_6 => table {Sg => "" + x; Pl => "" + x}
+				};
+			p_form = "mo" ++ x;
+			t = P;
+		};
+
+		mkVeryAdj : {s: NounClass => Number => Str; p_form: Str; t: TType} -> {s: NounClass => Number => Str; p_form: Str; t: TType} = \x ->
+		{
+			s = table{c => table{n => (x.s!c!n) ++ "thata"}}; p_form = x.p_form ++ "thata"; t = x.t
+		};
+
+		mkVeryVerb : {s: NounClass => Number => Str; p_form: Str; t: TType} -> {s: NounClass => Number => Str; p_form: Str; t: TType} = \x ->
+		{
+			s = table{c => table{n => (x.s!c!n) ++ "thata"}}; p_form = x.p_form ++ "thata"; t = ModV
+		};
+
+		smartVery : {s: NounClass => Number => Str; p_form: Str; t: TType} -> {s: NounClass => Number => Str; p_form: Str; t: TType} = 
+\x -> case x.t of --(x.s!c!n)
+		{
+			(V | ModV)	=>	mkVeryVerb x;
+			--ModV	=>	mkVeryVerb x;
+			_	=>	mkVeryAdj x
+		};
+
+		mkDemPron1 : NounClass => Number => Str = table
+			{
+				NC9_10 => table {Sg => "e"; Pl => "tse"};
+				NC14_6 => table {Sg => "bo"; Pl => "a"}
+			};
+		
+		mkDemPron2 : NounClass => Number => Str = table
+			{
+				NC9_10 => table {Sg => "eo"; Pl => "tseo"};
+				NC14_6 => table {Sg => "boo"; Pl => "ao"}
+			};
+
+		smartQualRelPart : TType -> (NounClass => Number => Str) = \x -> case x of 
+		{
+			P	=> mkQualRelPart_PName;
+			_	=> mkQualRelPart
+		};
+
+		mkQualRelPart : NounClass => Number => Str = table
+			{
+				NC9_10 => table {Sg => "e"; Pl => "tse"};
+				NC14_6 => table {Sg => "bo"; Pl => "a"}
+			};
+
+		mkQualRelPart_PName : NounClass => Number => Str = table
+			{
+				NC9_10 => table {Sg => "ya"; Pl => "tsa"};
+				NC14_6 => table {Sg => "ba"; Pl => "a"}
+			};
+
+		smartDescrCop : TType -> (NounClass => Number => Str) = \x -> case x of
+		{
+			P	=> mkDescrCop_PName;
+			_	=> mkDescrCop
+		};
+
+		mkDescrCop : NounClass => Number => Str = table
+			{
+				NC9_10 => table {Sg => "e"; Pl => "di"};
+				NC14_6 => table {Sg => "bo"; Pl => "a"}
+			};
+
+		mkDescrCop_PName : NounClass => Number => Str = table
+			{
+				NC9_10 => table {Sg => "ga"; Pl => "ga"};
+				NC14_6 => table {Sg => "ga"; Pl => "ga"}
+			};
+
+		mkPredDescrCop : TType -> (NounClass => Number => Str) = \x -> case x of
+			{
+				V => table 	{NC9_10 => table {Sg => "e" ++ "a"; Pl => "di" ++ "a"};
+						NC14_6 => table {Sg => "bo" ++ "a"; Pl => "a" ++ "a"}};
+
+				_ => table	{NC9_10 => table {Sg => "e"; Pl => "di"};
+						NC14_6 => table {Sg => "bo"; Pl => "a"}}
+			};
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsTur.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+{-
+  File      : FoodsTur.gf
+  Author    : Server Çimen
+  Version   : 1.0
+  Created on: August 26, 2009
+
+  This file contains concrete grammar of Foods abstract grammar for Turkish Language.
+  This grammar is to be used for Fridge demo and developed in the scope of GF Resource
+  Grammar Summer School.
+
+-}
+
+concrete FoodsTur of Foods = open Predef in {
+  flags
+    coding=utf8 ;
+  lincat
+    Comment = {s : Str} ;
+    Quality = {s : Str ; c : Case; softness : Softness; h : Harmony} ;
+    Kind = {s : Case => Number => Str} ;
+    Item = {s : Str; n : Number} ;
+  lin
+    This = det Sg "bu" ;
+    That = det Sg "şu" ;
+    These = det Pl "bu" ;
+    Those = det Pl "şu" ;
+    -- Reason for excluding plural form of copula: In Turkish if subject is not a human being,
+    -- then singular form of copula is used regardless of the number of subject. Since all
+    -- possible subjects are non human, copula do not need to have plural form.
+    Pred item quality = {s = item.s ++ quality.s ++ BIND ++ copula ! quality.softness ! quality.h} ;--! item.n} ;
+    Mod quality kind = {s = case quality.c of {
+                              Nom => \\t,n => quality.s ++ kind.s ! t ! n ;
+                              Gen => \\t,n => quality.s ++ kind.s ! Gen ! n
+                            }
+                       } ;
+    Wine = mkN "şarap" "şaraplar" "şarabı" "şarapları" ;
+    Cheese = mkN "peynir" "peynirler" "peyniri" "peynirleri" ;
+    Fish = mkN "balık" "balıklar" "balığı" "balıkları" ;
+    Pizza = mkN "pizza" "pizzalar" "pizzası" "pizzaları" ;
+    Very a = {s = "çok" ++ a.s ; c = a.c; softness = a.softness; h = a.h} ;
+    Fresh = adj "taze" Nom;
+    Warm = adj "ılık" Nom;
+    Italian = adj "İtalyan" Gen ;
+    Expensive = adj "pahalı" Nom;
+    Delicious = adj "lezzetli" Nom;
+    Boring = adj "sıkıcı" Nom;
+  param
+    Number = Sg | Pl ;
+    Case = Nom | Gen ;
+    Harmony = I_Har | Ih_Har | U_Har | Uh_Har ; --Ih = İ; Uh = Ü
+    Softness = Soft | Hard ;
+  oper
+    det : Number -> Str -> {s : Case => Number => Str} -> {s : Str; n : Number} =
+      \num,det,noun -> {s = det ++ noun.s ! Nom ! num; n = num} ;
+    mkN = overload {
+      mkN : Str -> Str -> {s : Case => Number => Str} = regNoun ;
+      mkn : Str -> Str -> Str -> Str-> {s : Case => Number => Str} = noun ;
+    } ;
+    regNoun : Str -> Str -> {s : Case => Number => Str} =
+      \peynir,peynirler -> noun peynir peynirler [] [] ;
+    noun : Str -> Str -> Str -> Str-> {s : Case => Number => Str} = 
+      \sarap,saraplar,sarabi,saraplari -> {
+        s = table {
+	      Nom =>  table {
+			Sg => sarap ;
+			Pl => saraplar
+	              } ;
+              Gen =>  table {
+                        Sg => sarabi ;
+			Pl => saraplari
+	              }
+              }
+      };
+  {-
+    Since there is a bug in overloading, this overload is useless.
+
+    mkA = overload {
+      mkA : Str -> {s : Str; c : Case; softness : Softness; h : Harmony} = \base -> adj base Nom ;
+      mkA : Str -> Case -> {s : Str; c : Case; softness : Softness; h : Harmony} = adj ;
+    } ;
+  -}
+    adj : Str -> Case -> {s : Str; c : Case; softness : Softness; h : Harmony} =
+      \italyan,ca -> {s = italyan ; c = ca; softness = (getSoftness italyan); h = (getHarmony italyan)} ;
+    -- See the comment at lines 26 and 27 for excluded plural form of copula.
+    copula : Softness => Harmony {-=> Number-} => Str =
+      table {
+        Soft => table {
+                  I_Har => "dır" ;--table {
+			   -- Sg => "dır" ;
+			   -- Pl => "dırlar"
+		  --} ;
+		  Ih_Har => "dir" ;--table {
+			    --Sg => "dir" ;
+			    --Pl => "dirler"
+		  --} ;
+		  U_Har => "dur" ;--table {
+			   -- Sg => "dur" ;
+			   -- Pl => "durlar"
+		  --} ;
+		  Uh_Har => "dür" --table {
+			    --Sg => "dür" ;
+			    --Pl => "dürler"
+		  --}
+        } ;
+        Hard => table {
+                  I_Har => "tır" ;--table {
+			    --Sg => "tır" ;
+			    --Pl => "tırlar"
+		  --} ;
+		  Ih_Har => "tir" ;--table {
+			    --Sg => "tir" ;
+			    --Pl => "tirler"
+		  --} ;
+		  U_Har => "tur" ;--table {
+			   -- Sg => "tur" ;
+			   -- Pl => "turlar"
+		  --} ;
+		  Uh_Har => "tür"--table {
+			    --Sg => "tür" ;
+			    --Pl => "türler"
+		  --}
+        }
+      } ;
+
+    getHarmony : Str -> Harmony
+      = \base -> case base of {
+                 _+c@("ı"|"a"|"i"|"e"|"u"|"o"|"ü"|"ö")+
+                 ("b"|"v"|"d"|"z"|"j"|"c"|"g"|"ğ"|"l"|"r"|"m"|"n"|"y"|"p"|"f"|"t"|"s"|"ş"|"ç"|"k"|"h")* =>
+                    case c of {
+                      ("ı"|"a") => I_Har ;
+                      ("i"|"e") => Ih_Har ;
+                      ("u"|"o") => U_Har  ;
+                      ("ü"|"ö") => Uh_Har
+                    }
+        } ;
+    getSoftness : Str -> Softness
+      = \base -> case base of {
+		   _+("f"|"s"|"t"|"k"|"ç"|"ş"|"h"|"p") => Hard ;
+		   _ => Soft
+		 } ;
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/FoodsUrd.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+-- (c) 2009 Shafqat Virk under LGPL
+
+concrete FoodsUrd of Foods = {
+
+  flags coding=utf8 ;
+
+  
+	  param Number = Sg | Pl ;
+        param Gender = Masc | Fem;
+	  
+	 oper coupla : Number -> Str =\n -> case n of {Sg => "ہے" ; Pl => "ہیں"};
+	  
+	 	  
+      lincat
+        Comment = {s : Str} ; 
+	  Item = {s: Str ; n: Number ; g:Gender};
+	  Kind = {s: Number => Str ; g:Gender};
+        Quality = {s: Gender => Number => Str};
+  
+   lin
+    Pred item quality = {s = item.s ++ quality.s ! item.g ! item.n ++  coupla item.n} ;
+	This kind = {s = "یھ" ++ kind.s ! Sg; n= Sg ; g = kind.g } ;
+	These kind = {s = "یھ" ++ kind.s ! Pl; n = Pl ; g = kind.g} ;
+    That kind = {s = "وہ"  ++ kind.s ! Sg; n= Sg ; g = kind.g} ;
+	Those kind = {s = "وہ" ++ kind.s ! Pl; n=Pl ; g = kind.g} ;
+    Mod quality kind = {s = \\n => quality.s ! kind.g ! n  ++ kind.s ! n ;  g = kind.g};
+	Wine = {s = table { Sg => "شراب" ; Pl => "شرابیں"} ; g = Fem};
+    Cheese = {s = table { Sg => "پنیر" ; Pl => "پنیریں"} ; g = Fem};
+    Fish = {s = table { Sg => "مچھلی" ; Pl => "مچھلیاں"} ; g = Fem};
+    Pizza = {s = table { Sg => "پیزہ" ; Pl => "پیزے"} ; g = Masc};
+	Very quality = {s = \\g,n => "بہت" ++ quality.s ! g ! n} ;
+    Fresh = regAdj "تازہ" ;
+    Warm = regAdj "گرم" ;
+    Italian = regAdj "اٹا لوی" ;
+    Expensive = regAdj "مہنگا" ;
+    Delicious = regAdj "مزیدار" ;
+    Boring = regAdj "فضول" ;
+   
+   oper
+    regAdj : Str -> {s: Gender => Number => Str} = \a -> case a of {
+        x + "ا" => mkAdj a (x+"ے") (x+"ی");
+        _      => mkAdj a a a
+       };
+    mkAdj : Str -> Str -> Str -> {s: Gender => Number => Str} = \s,p,f -> {
+      s = table {
+           Masc => table {
+              Sg => s;
+              Pl => p
+              };
+           Fem => \\_ => f
+         }
+       };
+	}  

testsuite/lpgf/foods/LexFoods.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+-- (c) 2009 Aarne Ranta under LGPL
+
+interface LexFoods = open Syntax in {
+  oper
+    wine_N : N ;
+    pizza_N : N ;
+    cheese_N : N ;
+    fish_N : N ;
+    fresh_A : A ;
+    warm_A : A ;
+    italian_A : A ;
+    expensive_A : A ;
+    delicious_A : A ;
+    boring_A : A ;
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/LexFoodsCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+-- (c) 2009 Jordi Saludes under LGPL
+
+instance LexFoodsCat of LexFoods = 
+    open SyntaxCat, ParadigmsCat, (M = MorphoCat) in {
+  flags
+	coding = utf8 ;
+  oper
+    wine_N = mkN "vi" "vins" M.Masc ;
+    pizza_N = mkN "pizza" ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "formatge" ;
+    fish_N = mkN "peix" "peixos" M.Masc;
+    fresh_A = mkA "fresc" "fresca" "frescos" "fresques" "frescament";
+    warm_A = mkA "calent" ;
+    italian_A = mkA "italià" "italiana" "italians" "italianes" "italianament" ;
+    expensive_A = mkA "car" ;
+    delicious_A = mkA "deliciós" "deliciosa" "deliciosos" "delicioses" "deliciosament";
+    boring_A = mkA "aburrit" "aburrida" "aburrits" "aburrides" "aburridament" ;
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/LexFoodsFin.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+-- (c) 2009 Aarne Ranta under LGPL
+--# -coding=latin1
+
+instance LexFoodsFin of LexFoods = 
+    open SyntaxFin, ParadigmsFin in {
+  oper
+    wine_N = mkN "viini" ;
+    pizza_N = mkN "pizza" ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "juusto" ;
+    fish_N = mkN "kala" ;
+    fresh_A = mkA "tuore" ;
+    warm_A = mkA 
+    (mkN "lämmin" "lämpimän" "lämmintä" "lämpimänä" "lämpimään" 
+         "lämpiminä" "lämpimiä" "lämpimien" "lämpimissä" "lämpimiin"
+	 ) 
+    "lämpimämpi" "lämpimin" ;
+    italian_A = mkA "italialainen" ;
+    expensive_A = mkA "kallis" ;
+    delicious_A = mkA "herkullinen" ;
+    boring_A = mkA "tylsä" ;
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/LexFoodsGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+-- (c) 2009 Aarne Ranta under LGPL
+--# -coding=latin1
+
+instance LexFoodsGer of LexFoods = 
+    open SyntaxGer, ParadigmsGer in {
+  oper
+    wine_N = mkN "Wein" ;
+    pizza_N = mkN "Pizza" "Pizzen" feminine ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "Käse" "Käse" masculine ;
+    fish_N = mkN "Fisch" ;
+    fresh_A = mkA "frisch" ;
+    warm_A = mkA "warm" "wärmer" "wärmste" ;
+    italian_A = mkA "italienisch" ;
+    expensive_A = mkA "teuer" ;
+    delicious_A = mkA "köstlich" ;
+    boring_A = mkA "langweilig" ;
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/LexFoodsIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-- (c) 2009 Aarne Ranta under LGPL
+
+instance LexFoodsIta of LexFoods = 
+    open SyntaxIta, ParadigmsIta in {
+  oper
+    wine_N = mkN "vino" ;
+    pizza_N = mkN "pizza" ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "formaggio" ;
+    fish_N = mkN "pesce" ;
+    fresh_A = mkA "fresco" ;
+    warm_A = mkA "caldo" ;
+    italian_A = mkA "italiano" ;
+    expensive_A = mkA "caro" ;
+    delicious_A = mkA "delizioso" ;
+    boring_A = mkA "noioso" ;
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/LexFoodsLat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+-- (c) 2009 Aarne Ranta under LGPL
+
+incomplete concrete LexFoodsLat of Foods = 
+  {
+  param
+    Gender = Male|Female|Neuter;
+    Number = Sg|Pl;
+  oper
+    regA : Str -> { s : Number => Gender => Str } =
+      \a -> {
+	s = case a of {
+	  stem + "us" => table { Sg => table { Male => a ;
+					       Female => stem + "a" ;
+					       Neuter => stem + "um"
+				   };
+				 Pl => table { Male => stem + "i" ;
+					       Female => stem + "ae" ;
+					       Neuter => stem + "a"
+				   }
+	    } ;
+	  _ => \\_,_ => ""
+	  }
+      } ;
+    regN : Str -> { gender : Gender ; noun : Number => Str; adj : Number => Str } =
+      \nomsg ->
+      let nounpart : { gender : Gender ; noun : Number => Str } = 
+	    case nomsg of {
+	      stem + "us" => { gender = Male; noun = table { Sg => nomsg ; Pl => stem + "i" } ; } ; 
+	      stem + "a" => { gender = Female; noun = table { Sg => nomsg ; Pl => stem + "ae" } } ; 
+	      stem + "um" => { gender = Neuter; noun = table { Sg => nomsg ; Pl => stem + "i" } } ;
+	      _ => { gender = Neuter; noun = \\_ => "" }
+	    };
+      in
+      nounpart ** { adj = \\_ => "" } ;
+    irregN : Str -> Str -> Gender -> { gender : Gender ; noun : Number => Str; adj : Number => Str } =
+      \nomsg,nompl,gender ->
+      { gender = gender ; noun = table { Sg => nomsg ; Pl => nompl } ; adj = \\_ => "" } ;
+      
+  lincat
+    Kind = { gender : Gender; noun : Number => Str; adj: Number => Str };
+    Quality = { s : Number => Gender => Str } ;
+  lin
+    Wine = regN "vinum" ;
+    Pizza = { gender = Female ; noun = table { Sg => "placenta" ; Pl => "placentae" } ; adj = table { Sg => "neapolitana" ; Pl => "neapolitanae" } } ;
+    Cheese = regN "formaticum" ;
+    Fish = irregN "piscis" "pisces" Male ;
+    Fresh = { s = table { Sg => \\_ => "recens" ; Pl => table { Male|Female => "recentes" ; Neuter => "recentia" } } } ;
+    Warm = regA "calidus" ;
+    Italian = regA "italus" ;
+    Expensive = regA "pretiosus" ;
+    Delicious = regA "iucundus" ;
+    Boring = { s = table { Sg => \\_ => "fluens" ; Pl => table { Male|Female => "fluentes" ; Neuter => "recentia" } } };
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/LexFoodsSwe.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+-- (c) 2009 Aarne Ranta under LGPL
+--# -coding=latin1
+
+instance LexFoodsSwe of LexFoods = 
+    open SyntaxSwe, ParadigmsSwe in {
+  oper
+    wine_N = mkN "vin" "vinet" "viner" "vinerna" ;
+    pizza_N = mkN "pizza" ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "ost" ;
+    fish_N = mkN "fisk" ;
+    fresh_A = mkA "färsk" ;
+    warm_A = mkA "varm" ;
+    italian_A = mkA "italiensk" ;
+    expensive_A = mkA "dyr" ;
+    delicious_A = mkA "läcker" ;
+    boring_A = mkA "tråkig" ;
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/MutationsGla.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+resource MutationsGla = open CharactersGla in {
+	param Mutation = Unmutated|Lenition1|Lenition1DNTLS|Lenition2|PrefixT|PrefixH;
+	
+	--Turns a string into a mutation table
+	oper mutate : (_ : Str) -> (Mutation => Str) = \str -> table {
+		Unmutated => str ;
+		Lenition1 => lenition1 str ;
+		Lenition1DNTLS => lenition1dntls str ;
+		Lenition2 => lenition2 str ;
+		PrefixT => prefixT str ;
+		PrefixH => prefixH str
+	};
+
+	--Performs lenition 1: inserts "h" if the word begins with a lenitable character
+	oper lenition1 : Str -> Str = \str -> case str of {
+		start@("p"|"b"|"m"|"f"|"t"|"d"|"c"|"g") + rest => start + "h" + rest ;
+		start@("P"|"B"|"M"|"F"|"T"|"D"|"C"|"G") + rest => start + "h" + rest ;
+		("s"|"S") + ("p"|"t"|"c") + _ => str ; --the sequences "sp", "st", "sc" are never mutated
+		start@("s"|"S") + rest => start + "h" + rest ;
+		_ => str
+	};
+	
+	--Performs lenition 1 with dentals: same as lenition 1 but leaves "d", "t" and "s" unmutated
+	oper lenition1dntls : Str -> Str = \str -> case str of {
+		start@("p"|"b"|"m"|"f"|"c"|"g") + rest => start + "h" + rest ;
+		start@("P"|"B"|"M"|"F"|"C"|"G") + rest => start + "h" + rest ;
+		_ => str
+	};
+
+	--Performs lenition 2: same as lenition 1 with dentals but also changes "s" into "ts"
+	oper lenition2 : Str -> Str = \str -> case str of {
+		start@("p"|"b"|"m"|"f"|"c"|"g") + rest => start + "h" + rest ;
+		start@("P"|"B"|"M"|"F"|"C"|"G") + rest => start + "h" + rest ;
+		("s"|"S") + ("p"|"t"|"c") + _ => str ; --the sequences "sp", "st", "sc" are never mutated
+		start@("s"|"S") + rest => "t-" + start + rest ;
+		_ => str
+	};
+	
+	--Prefixes a "t" to words beginning with a vowel
+	oper prefixT : Str -> Str = \str -> case str of {
+		start@(#vowel) + rest => "t-" + start + rest ;
+		start@(#vowelCap) + rest => "t-" + start + rest ;
+		_ => str
+	};
+
+	--Prefixes a "h" to words beginning with a vowel
+	oper prefixH : Str -> Str = \str -> case str of {
+		start@(#vowel) + rest => "h-" + start + rest ;
+		start@(#vowelCap) + rest => "h-" + start + rest ;
+		_ => str
+	};
+	
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/MutationsGle.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+resource MutationsGle = open CharactersGle in {
+	param Mutation = Unmutated|Lenition1|Lenition1DNTLS|Lenition2|Eclipsis1|Eclipsis2|Eclipsis3|PrefixT|PrefixH;
+	
+	--Turns a string into a mutation table
+	oper mutate : (_ : Str) -> (Mutation => Str) = \str -> table {
+		Unmutated => str ;
+		Lenition1 => lenition1 str ;
+		Lenition1DNTLS => lenition1dntls str ;
+		Lenition2 => lenition2 str ;
+		Eclipsis1 => eclipsis1 str ;
+		Eclipsis2 => eclipsis2 str ;
+		Eclipsis3 => eclipsis3 str ;
+		PrefixT => prefixT str ;
+		PrefixH => prefixH str
+	};
+
+	--Performs lenition 1: inserts "h" if the word begins with a lenitable character
+	oper lenition1 : Str -> Str = \str -> case str of {
+		start@("p"|"b"|"m"|"f"|"t"|"d"|"c"|"g") + rest => start + "h" + rest ;
+		start@("P"|"B"|"M"|"F"|"T"|"D"|"C"|"G") + rest => start + "h" + rest ;
+		("s"|"S") + ("p"|"t"|"c") + _ => str ; --the sequences "sp", "st", "sc" are never mutated
+		start@("s"|"S") + rest => start + "h" + rest ;
+		_ => str
+	};
+	
+	--Performs lenition 1 with dentals: same as lenition 1 but leaves "d", "t" and "s" unmutated
+	oper lenition1dntls : Str -> Str = \str -> case str of {
+		start@("p"|"b"|"m"|"f"|"c"|"g") + rest => start + "h" + rest ;
+		start@("P"|"B"|"M"|"F"|"C"|"G") + rest => start + "h" + rest ;
+		_ => str
+	};
+
+	--Performs lenition 2: same as lenition 1 with dentals but also changes "s" into "ts"
+	oper lenition2 : Str -> Str = \str -> case str of {
+		start@("p"|"b"|"m"|"f"|"c"|"g") + rest => start + "h" + rest ;
+		start@("P"|"B"|"M"|"F"|"C"|"G") + rest => start + "h" + rest ;
+		("s"|"S") + ("p"|"t"|"c") + _ => str ; --the sequences "sp", "st", "sc" are never mutated
+		start@("s"|"S") + rest => "t" + start + rest ;
+		_ => str
+	};
+	
+	--Performs eclisis 1: prefixes something to every word that begins with an ecliptable character
+	oper eclipsis1 : Str -> Str = \str -> case str of {
+		start@("p"|"P") + rest => "b" + start + rest ;
+		start@("b"|"B") + rest => "m" + start + rest ;
+		start@("f"|"F") + rest => "bh" + start + rest ;
+		start@("c"|"C") + rest => "g" + start + rest ;
+		start@("g"|"G") + rest => "n" + start + rest ;
+		start@("t"|"T") + rest => "d" + start + rest ;
+		start@("d"|"D") + rest => "n" + start + rest ;
+		start@(#vowel) + rest => "n-" + start + rest ;
+		start@(#vowelCap) + rest => "n" + start + rest ;
+		_ => str
+	};
+
+	--Performs eclipsis 2: same as eclipsis 1 but leaves "t", "d" and vowels unchanges
+	oper eclipsis2 : Str -> Str = \str -> case str of {
+		start@("p"|"P") + rest => "b" + start + rest ;
+		start@("b"|"B") + rest => "m" + start + rest ;
+		start@("f"|"F") + rest => "bh" + start + rest ;
+		start@("c"|"C") + rest => "g" + start + rest ;
+		start@("g"|"G") + rest => "n" + start + rest ;
+		_ => str
+	};
+
+	--Performs eclipsis 3: same as eclipsis 2 but also changes "s" to "ts"
+	eclipsis3 : Str -> Str = \str -> case str of {
+		start@("p"|"P") + rest => "b" + start + rest ;
+		start@("b"|"B") + rest => "m" + start + rest ;
+		start@("f"|"F") + rest => "bh" + start + rest ;
+		start@("c"|"C") + rest => "g" + start + rest ;
+		start@("g"|"G") + rest => "n" + start + rest ;
+		("s"|"S") + ("p"|"t"|"c") + _ => str ; --the sequences "sp", "st", "sc" are never mutated
+		start@("s"|"S") + rest => "t" + start + rest ;
+		_ => str
+	};
+
+	--Prefixes a "t" to words beginning with a vowel
+	oper prefixT : Str -> Str = \str -> case str of {
+		start@(#vowel) + rest => "t-" + start + rest ;
+		start@(#vowelCap) + rest => "t" + start + rest ;
+		_ => str
+	};
+
+	--Prefixes a "h" to words beginning with a vowel
+	oper prefixH : Str -> Str = \str -> case str of {
+		start@(#vowel) + rest => "h" + start + rest ;
+		start@(#vowelCap) + rest => "h" + start + rest ;
+		_ => str
+	};
+	
+}

testsuite/lpgf/foods/ResCze.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+-- (c) 2011 Katerina Bohmova under LGPL
+
+resource ResCze = open Prelude in {
+  flags 
+    coding = utf8 ;
+  param
+    Number = Sg | Pl ;
+    Gender = Masc | Fem | Neutr;
+  oper
+    NounPhrase : Type = 
+      {s : Str ; g : Gender ; n : Number} ; 
+    Noun : Type = {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ;
+    Adjective : Type = {s : Gender => Number => Str} ;
+
+    det : Number -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Noun -> NounPhrase =
+      \n,m,f,ne,cn -> {
+        s = table {Masc => m ; Fem => f; Neutr => ne} ! cn.g ++ 
+            cn.s ! n ;
+        g = cn.g ;
+        n = n
+      } ;
+    noun : Str -> Str -> Gender -> Noun =
+      \muz,muzi,g -> {
+        s = table {Sg => muz ; Pl => muzi} ;
+        g = g
+      } ;
+    adjective : (msg,fsg,nsg,mpl,fpl,npl : Str) -> Adjective =
+      \msg,fsg,nsg,mpl,fpl,npl -> {
+        s = table {
+          Masc => table {Sg => msg ; Pl => mpl} ; 
+          Fem => table {Sg => fsg ; Pl => fpl}  ;
+          Neutr => table {Sg => nsg ; Pl => npl}
+          }
+        } ;
+    regAdj : Str -> Adjective = 
+      \mlad ->
+      adjective (mlad+"ý") (mlad+"á") (mlad+"é")
+		 (mlad+"é") (mlad+"é") (mlad+"á") ;
+    regnfAdj : Str -> Adjective = 
+      \vynikajici ->
+      adjective vynikajici vynikajici vynikajici 
+		vynikajici vynikajici vynikajici;
+    copula : Number => Str = 
+      table {Sg => "je" ; Pl => "jsou"} ;
+}
+

testsuite/lpgf/mkTreebank.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -e
+if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
+  echo "Must specify trees file"
+  exit 1
+fi
+TREES=$1
+ABSNAME="${1%.*}"
+TREEBANK="$ABSNAME.treebank"
+SCRIPT="tmp.gfs"
+
+echo "Compiling PGF"
+gf --make --output-dir="$(DIRNAME $ABSNAME)" $ABSNAME*.gf
+
+echo "Writing $SCRIPT"
+: > $SCRIPT
+while read tree; do
+  echo "linearize -treebank $tree | write_file -file=$TREEBANK -append"  >> "$SCRIPT"
+  echo "put_string \"\" | write_file -file=$TREEBANK -append"  >> "$SCRIPT"
+done < $TREES
+
+echo "Writing $TREEBANK"
+: > $TREEBANK
+gf --crun $ABSNAME.pgf < "$SCRIPT" > /dev/null
+
+echo "Removing $SCRIPT"
+rm "$SCRIPT"

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/Greetings.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+abstract Greetings = Sentences [Greeting] ** {
+
+fun
+  GBye : Greeting ;
+  GCheers : Greeting ;
+  GDamn : Greeting ;
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol : Greeting ;
+  GGoodDay : Greeting ; 
+  GGoodEvening : Greeting ;
+  GGoodMorning : Greeting ;
+  GGoodNight : Greeting ;
+  GGoodbye : Greeting ;
+  GHello  : Greeting ;
+  GHelp : Greeting ;
+  GHowAreYou : Greeting ;
+  GLookOut : Greeting ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou : Greeting ;
+  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol : Greeting ;
+  GSeeYouSoon : Greeting ;
+  GSorry, GSorryPol : Greeting ;
+  GThanks : Greeting ;
+  GTheCheck : Greeting ;
+  GCongratulations : Greeting ;
+  GHappyBirthday : Greeting ;
+  GGoodLuck : Greeting ; 
+  GWhatTime : Greeting ;
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsBul.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+concrete GreetingsBul of Greetings = SentencesBul [Greeting,mkGreeting] ** open Prelude in {
+
+flags
+  coding=utf8;
+
+lin 
+  GBye = mkGreeting "чао" ;
+  GCheers = mkGreeting "наздраве" ;
+  GDamn = mkGreeting "по дяволите" ;
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol = mkGreeting "извинете" ;
+  GGoodDay = mkGreeting "добър ден" ;
+  GGoodEvening = mkGreeting "добра вечер" ;
+  GGoodMorning = mkGreeting "добро утро" ;
+  GGoodNight = mkGreeting "лека нощ" ;
+  GGoodbye = mkGreeting "довиждане" ;
+  GHello = mkGreeting "здравей" ;
+  GHelp = mkGreeting "помощ" ;
+  GHowAreYou = mkGreeting "как си" ;
+  GLookOut = mkGreeting "погледни" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou = mkGreeting "радвам се да се видим" ;
+  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = mkGreeting "моля" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = mkGreeting "до скоро" ;
+  GSorry, GSorryPol = mkGreeting "извинете" ;
+  GThanks = mkGreeting "благодаря ти" ;
+  GTheCheck = mkGreeting "сметката" ;
+  GCongratulations = mkGreeting "поздравления";
+  GHappyBirthday = mkGreeting "честит рожден ден" ;
+  GGoodLuck = mkGreeting "успех" ; 
+  GWhatTime = mkGreeting "колко е часът" ;
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+--# -coding=latin1
+concrete GreetingsCat of Greetings = SentencesCat [Greeting,mkGreeting] ** open Prelude in {
+
+lin 
+  GBye = mkGreeting "adéu" ;
+  GCheers = mkGreeting "salut" ;
+  GDamn = mkGreeting "merda" ;
+  GExcuse = mkGreeting "perdona" ;
+  GExcusePol = mkGreeting ("perdoni" | "disculpi") ;
+  GCongratulations = mkGreeting "felicitats" ;
+  GHappyBirthday = mkGreeting "feliç aniversari" ;
+  GGoodLuck = mkGreeting "sort" ;
+  GGoodDay = mkGreeting "bon dia" ;
+  GGoodEvening = mkGreeting "bona tarda" ;
+  GGoodMorning = mkGreeting "bon dia" ;
+  GGoodNight = mkGreeting "bona nit" ;
+  GGoodbye = mkGreeting "a reveure" ;
+  GHello = mkGreeting "hola" ;
+  GHelp = mkGreeting "socors" ;
+  GHowAreYou = mkGreeting "què tal" ;
+  GLookOut = mkGreeting "compte" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou = mkGreeting "encantat de conèixer-lo" ; -- make distinction Masc/Fem
+  GPleaseGive = mkGreeting "si et plau" ;
+  GPleaseGivePol = mkGreeting "si us plau" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = mkGreeting "fins aviat" ; 
+  GSorry = mkGreeting "perdoni" ;
+  GSorryPol = mkGreeting "em sap greu" ; 
+  GThanks = mkGreeting "gràcies" ;
+  GTheCheck = mkGreeting "el compte" ;
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsChi.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+concrete GreetingsChi of Greetings =
+SentencesChi [Greeting,mkGreeting] **
+open ParadigmsChi, ResChi, Prelude in {
+
+flags coding = utf8 ;
+
+lin
+GBye = (mkInterj "再见" ) ;
+GCheers = (mkInterj "干杯" ) ;
+GDamn = (mkInterj "该死的" ) ;
+GExcuse, GExcusePol = (mkInterj "原谅我" ) ;
+GGoodDay = (mkInterj "你好" ) ;
+GGoodEvening = (mkInterj "下午好" ) ;
+GGoodMorning = (mkInterj "早上好" ) ;
+GGoodNight = (mkInterj "晚安" ) ;
+GGoodbye = (mkInterj "再见" ) ;
+GHello = (mkInterj "你好" ) ;
+GHelp = mkInterj "帮助" ;
+GHowAreYou = mkInterj "你好吗" ;
+GLookOut = mkInterj "留意" ;
+GNiceToMeetYou = mkInterj "很高兴见到你" ;
+GNiceToMeetYouPol = mkInterj "很高兴见到您" ;
+GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = mkInterj "请" ;
+GSeeYouSoon = mkInterj "很快再见" ;
+GSorry, GSorryPol = mkInterj "对不起" ;
+GThanks = (mkInterj "谢谢" ) ;
+GTheCheck = mkInterj "检查" ;
+GCongratulations = mkInterj "祝贺您" ;
+GHappyBirthday = mkInterj "祝你生日快乐" ;
+GGoodLuck = (mkInterj "祝你好运" ) ;
+GWhatTime = mkInterj "现在是什么时候" ;
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsDan.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+--# -coding=latin1
+concrete GreetingsDan of Greetings = SentencesDan [Greeting,mkGreeting] ** open Prelude in {
+
+lin 
+  GBye = mkGreeting "hej hej" ; -- not google translate
+  GCheers = mkGreeting "skål" ;
+  GDamn = mkGreeting "satans" ; -- X  
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol = mkGreeting "undskyld mig" ;
+  GGoodDay = mkGreeting "god dag" ;
+  GGoodEvening = mkGreeting "god aften" ;
+  GGoodMorning = mkGreeting "god morgen" ;
+  GGoodNight = mkGreeting "godnat" ;
+  GGoodbye = mkGreeting "farvel" ;
+  GHello = mkGreeting "hej" ;
+  GHelp = mkGreeting "hjælp" ;
+  GHowAreYou = mkGreeting "hvordan har du det" ;
+  GLookOut = mkGreeting "pas på" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou, GNiceToMeetYouPol = mkGreeting "hyggeligt at møde dig" ; -- more common than rart (google translate) 
+  GPleaseGive = mkGreeting "vær så sød" ; -- can also have flink instead of sod
+  GPleaseGivePol = mkGreeting "venligst" ; -- X not behage 
+  GSeeYouSoon = mkGreeting "vi ses snart" ; -- X se dig snart
+  GSorry, GSorryPol = mkGreeting "undskyld" ;
+  GThanks = mkGreeting "tak" ;
+  GTheCheck = mkGreeting "regningen" ;
+  GCongratulations = mkGreeting "tillykke";
+  GHappyBirthday = mkGreeting "tillykke med fødselsdagen" ;
+  GGoodLuck = mkGreeting "held og lykke" ; 
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsDut.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+concrete GreetingsDut of Greetings = SentencesDut [Greeting,mkGreeting] ** open Prelude in {
+
+
+lin 
+  GBye = mkGreeting "doei" ; 
+  GCheers = mkGreeting "proost" ;
+  GDamn = mkGreeting "verdomme" ; 
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol = mkGreeting "pardon" ; 
+  GGoodDay = mkGreeting "goedendag" ;
+  GGoodEvening = mkGreeting "goedenavond" ;
+  GGoodMorning = mkGreeting "goedemorgen" ;
+  GGoodNight = mkGreeting "goedenacht" ;
+  GGoodbye = mkGreeting "tot ziens" ;
+  GHello = mkGreeting "hallo" ;
+  GHelp = mkGreeting "help" ;
+  GHowAreYou = mkGreeting "hoe gaat het" ;
+  GLookOut = mkGreeting "kijk uit" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou = mkGreeting "leuk je te ontmoeten" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYouPol = mkGreeting "leuk je u ontmoeten" ;
+  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = mkGreeting "alstublieft" ; 
+  GSeeYouSoon = mkGreeting "tot ziens" ;
+  GSorry = mkGreeting "sorry";
+  GSorryPol = mkGreeting "mijn verontschuldiging" ;
+  GThanks = mkGreeting "dank je wel" ; 
+  GTheCheck = mkGreeting "rekening" ; 
+  GCongratulations = mkGreeting "gefeliciteerd";
+  GHappyBirthday = mkGreeting "gelukkige verjaardag" ;
+  GGoodLuck = mkGreeting "veel geluk" ; 
+  GWhatTime = mkGreeting "hoe laat is het" ;
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsEng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+concrete GreetingsEng of Greetings = SentencesEng [Greeting,mkGreeting] ** open Prelude in {
+
+lin 
+  GBye = mkGreeting "bye" ;
+  GCheers = mkGreeting "cheers" ;
+  GDamn = mkGreeting "damn" ;
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol = mkGreeting "excuse me" ;
+  GGoodDay = mkGreeting "good afternoon" ; ----
+  GGoodEvening = mkGreeting "good evening" ;
+  GGoodMorning = mkGreeting "good morning" ;
+  GGoodNight = mkGreeting "good night" ;
+  GGoodbye = mkGreeting "goodbye" ;
+  GHello = mkGreeting "hello" ;
+  GHelp = mkGreeting "help" ;
+  GHowAreYou = mkGreeting "how are you" ;
+  GLookOut = mkGreeting "look out" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou, GNiceToMeetYouPol = mkGreeting "nice to meet you" ;
+  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = mkGreeting "please" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = mkGreeting "see you soon" ;
+  GSorry, GSorryPol = mkGreeting "sorry" ;
+  GThanks = mkGreeting "thank you" ;
+  GTheCheck = mkGreeting "the bill" ;
+  GCongratulations = mkGreeting "congratulations";
+  GHappyBirthday = mkGreeting "happy birthday" ;
+  GGoodLuck = mkGreeting "good luck" ; 
+  GWhatTime = mkGreeting "what time is it" | mkGreeting "what is the time" ;
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsEst.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+concrete GreetingsEst of Greetings = SentencesEst [Greeting,mkGreeting] ** open Prelude in {
+
+lin
+  GBye = mkGreeting "head aega" ;
+  GCheers = mkGreeting "terviseks" ;
+  GDamn = mkGreeting "neetud" ;
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol = mkGreeting "vabandust" ;
+  GGoodDay = mkGreeting "tere päevast" ;
+  GGoodEvening = mkGreeting "tere õhtust" ;
+  GGoodMorning = mkGreeting "tere hommikust" ;
+  GGoodNight = mkGreeting "head ööd" ;
+  GGoodbye = mkGreeting "head aega" ;
+  GHello = mkGreeting "tere" ;
+  GHelp = mkGreeting "appi" ;
+  GHowAreYou = mkGreeting "kuidas käsi käib" ;
+  GLookOut = mkGreeting "ettevaatust" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou = mkGreeting "meeldiv tutvuda" ;
+  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = mkGreeting "palun" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = mkGreeting "kohtumiseni" ;
+  GSorry, GSorryPol = mkGreeting "vabandust" ;
+  GThanks = mkGreeting "suur tänu" ;
+  GTheCheck = mkGreeting "arve" ;
+  GCongratulations = mkGreeting "palju õnne";
+  GHappyBirthday = mkGreeting "palju õnne sünnipäevaks" ;
+  GGoodLuck = mkGreeting "palju edu" ;
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsFin.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+--# -coding=latin1
+concrete GreetingsFin of Greetings = SentencesFin [Greeting,mkGreeting] ** open Prelude in {
+
+lin 
+  GBye = mkGreeting "hei hei" ;
+  GCheers = mkGreeting "terveydeksi" ;
+  GDamn = mkGreeting "hitto" ;
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol = mkGreeting "anteeksi" ;
+  GGoodDay = mkGreeting "hyvää päivää" ;
+  GGoodEvening = mkGreeting "hyvää iltaa" ;
+  GGoodMorning = mkGreeting "hyvää huomenta" ;
+  GGoodNight = mkGreeting "hyvää yötä" ;
+  GGoodbye = mkGreeting "näkemiin" ;
+  GHello = mkGreeting "hei" ;
+  GHelp = mkGreeting "apua" ;
+  GHowAreYou = mkGreeting "mitä kuuluu" ;
+  GLookOut = mkGreeting "varo" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou = mkGreeting "hauska tutustua" ;
+  GPleaseGive = mkGreeting "ole hyvä" ;
+  GPleaseGivePol = mkGreeting "olkaa hyvä" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = mkGreeting "nähdään pian" ;
+  GSorry, GSorryPol = mkGreeting "anteeksi" ;
+  GThanks = mkGreeting "kiitos" ;
+  GTheCheck = mkGreeting "lasku" ;
+  GCongratulations = mkGreeting "onnittelut";
+  GHappyBirthday = mkGreeting "hyvää syntymäpäivää" ;
+  GGoodLuck = mkGreeting "onnea" ; 
+  GWhatTime = mkGreeting "paljonko kello on" | mkGreeting "mitä kello on" ;
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+--# -coding=latin1
+concrete GreetingsFre of Greetings = SentencesFre [Greeting,mkGreeting] ** open Prelude in {
+
+lin 
+  GBye = mkGreeting "au revoir" ;
+  GCheers = mkGreeting "santé" ;
+  GDamn = mkGreeting "maudit" ;
+  GExcuse = mkGreeting "excuse-moi" ;
+  GExcusePol = mkGreeting "excusez-moi" ;
+  GGoodDay = mkGreeting "bonjour" ;
+  GGoodEvening = mkGreeting "bon soir" ;
+  GGoodMorning = mkGreeting "bonjour" ;
+  GGoodNight = mkGreeting "bonne nuit" ;
+  GGoodbye = mkGreeting "au revoir" ;
+  GHello = mkGreeting "salut" ;
+  GHelp = mkGreeting "au secours" ;
+  GHowAreYou = mkGreeting "comment ça va" ;
+  GLookOut = mkGreeting "attention" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou = mkGreeting "enchanté" ;
+  GPleaseGive = mkGreeting "s'il te plaît" ;
+  GPleaseGivePol = mkGreeting "s'il vous plaît" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = mkGreeting "à bientôt" ;
+  GSorry, GSorryPol = mkGreeting "pardon" ;
+  GThanks = mkGreeting "merci" ;
+  GTheCheck = mkGreeting "l'addition" ;
+  GCongratulations = mkGreeting "félicitations";
+  GHappyBirthday = mkGreeting "joyeux anniversaire" ;
+  GGoodLuck = mkGreeting "bonne chance" ; 
+  GWhatTime = mkGreeting "quelle heure est-il" ;
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+--# -path=.:abstract:prelude:german:api:common
+--# -coding=latin1
+concrete GreetingsGer of Greetings = SentencesGer [Greeting,mkGreeting] ** open Prelude in {
+
+lin 
+  GBye = mkGreeting "tschüß" ;
+  GCheers = mkGreeting "zum Wohl" ;
+  GDamn = mkGreeting "verdammt" ;
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol = mkGreeting "Entschuldigung" ;
+  GGoodDay = mkGreeting "guten Tag" ;
+  GGoodEvening = mkGreeting "guten Abend" ;
+  GGoodMorning = mkGreeting "guten Morgen" ;
+  GGoodNight = mkGreeting "gute Nacht" ;
+  GGoodbye = mkGreeting "auf Wiedersehen" ;
+  GHello = mkGreeting "Hallo" ;
+  GHelp = mkGreeting "Hilfe" ;
+  GHowAreYou = mkGreeting "wie geht's" ;
+  GLookOut = mkGreeting "Achtung" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou = mkGreeting "nett, Sie zu treffen" ;
+  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = mkGreeting "bitte" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = mkGreeting "bis bald" ;
+  GSorry, GSorryPol = mkGreeting "Entschuldigung" ;
+  GThanks = mkGreeting "Danke" ;
+  GTheCheck = mkGreeting "die Rechnung" ;
+  GCongratulations = mkGreeting "herzlichen Glückwunsch";
+  GHappyBirthday = mkGreeting "alles Gute zum Geburtstag" ;
+  GGoodLuck = mkGreeting "viel Glück" ; 
+  GWhatTime = mkGreeting "wieviel Uhr ist es" | mkGreeting "wie spät ist es" ;
+
+}
+

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsHin.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+concrete GreetingsHin of Greetings = SentencesHin [Greeting,mkGreeting] ** open (P=Prelude) in {
+
+-- lincat 
+--  Greeting = {s : Str; lock_Text : {}} ;
+flags coding = utf8 ;
+lin 
+  GBye = P.ss "नमस्कार" ;
+  GCheers = P.ss "चियर्ज़" ;
+  GDamn = P.ss "ाफ़" ;
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol = P.ss "क्षमा कीजिये" ;
+  GGoodDay = P.ss "नमस्कार" ; ----
+  GGoodEvening = P.ss "नमस्कार" ;
+  GGoodMorning = P.ss "नमस्कार" ;
+  GGoodNight = P.ss "नमस्कार" ;
+  GGoodbye = P.ss "हम आपसे विदा लेते हैं" ;
+  GHello = P.ss "नमस्कार" ;
+  GHelp = P.ss "सहायता" ;
+  GHowAreYou = P.ss "आप कैसे हैं" ;
+  GLookOut = P.ss "सावधान" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou, GNiceToMeetYouPol = P.ss "आप से मिल कर च्छा लगा" ;
+  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = P.ss "कृपया" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = P.ss "फिर मिलेंगे" ;
+  GSorry, GSorryPol = P.ss "क्षमा कीजिये" ;
+  GThanks = P.ss "धन्यवाद" ;
+  GTheCheck = P.ss "बिल" ;
+  GCongratulations = P.ss "बधाई हो";
+  GHappyBirthday = P.ss "जन्मदिन की शुभकामनाएँ" ;
+  GGoodLuck = P.ss "शुभकामनाएँ" ; 
+  GWhatTime = P.ss "कितने बजे हैं" ;
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+concrete GreetingsIta of Greetings = SentencesIta [Greeting,mkGreeting] ** open Prelude in {
+
+lin 
+  GBye = mkGreeting "ciao" ;
+  GCheers = mkGreeting "cincin" ;
+  GDamn = mkGreeting "maledizione" ;
+  GExcuse = mkGreeting "scusa" ;
+  GExcusePol = mkGreeting "scusi" ;
+  GGoodDay = mkGreeting "buongiorno" ;
+  GGoodEvening = mkGreeting "buona sera" ;
+  GGoodMorning = mkGreeting "buongiorno" ;
+  GGoodNight = mkGreeting "buona notte" ;
+  GGoodbye = mkGreeting "arrivederci" ;
+  GHello = mkGreeting "ciao" ;
+  GHelp = mkGreeting "aiuto" ;
+  GHowAreYou = mkGreeting "come sta" ;
+  GLookOut = mkGreeting "attenzione" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou = mkGreeting "piacere di conoscerti" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYouPol = mkGreeting "piacere di conoscerLa" ;
+  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = mkGreeting "per favore" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = mkGreeting "a presto" ; ----
+  GSorry = mkGreeting "scusami" ; ----
+  GSorryPol = mkGreeting "scusimi" ; ----
+  GThanks = mkGreeting "grazie" ;
+  GTheCheck = mkGreeting "il conto" ;
+  GCongratulations = mkGreeting "congratulazioni";
+  GHappyBirthday = mkGreeting "buon compleanno" ;
+  GGoodLuck = mkGreeting "buona fortuna" ; 
+  GWhatTime = mkGreeting "che ore sono" ;
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsJpn.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+concrete GreetingsJpn of Greetings = SentencesJpn [Greeting,mkGreeting] ** open Prelude in {
+
+flags coding = utf8 ;
+
+lin 
+  GBye = mkGreeting "バイ" ;
+  GCheers = mkGreeting "かんぱい" ;
+  GDamn = mkGreeting "くそ" ;
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol = mkGreeting "すみません" ;
+  GGoodDay, GHello = mkGreeting "こんにちは" ; ----
+  GGoodEvening = mkGreeting "こんばんは" ;
+  GGoodMorning = mkGreeting "おはようございます" ;
+  GGoodNight = mkGreeting "おやすみなさい" ;
+  GGoodbye = mkGreeting "さようなら" ;
+  GHelp = mkGreeting "助けて" ;
+  GHowAreYou = mkGreeting "お元気ですか" ;
+  GLookOut = mkGreeting "危ない" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou = mkGreeting "初めまして" ;
+  GPleaseGive = mkGreeting "ください" ;
+  GPleaseGivePol = mkGreeting "お願いします" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = mkGreeting "またね" ;
+  GSorry = mkGreeting "ごめんなさい" ;
+  GSorryPol = mkGreeting "申し訳ありません" ;
+  GThanks = mkGreeting "ありがとう" ;
+  GTheCheck = mkGreeting "会計" ;
+  GCongratulations = mkGreeting "お目出度うご座います";
+  GHappyBirthday = mkGreeting "お誕生日おめでとうございます" ;
+  GGoodLuck = mkGreeting "がんばってください" ; 
+  GWhatTime = mkGreeting "今何時ですか" ;
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsLav.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+--# -path=.:present
+concrete GreetingsLav of Greetings = SentencesLav [Greeting, mkGreeting] **
+open Prelude 
+in {
+
+	flags
+		coding = utf8 ;
+
+	lin
+		GBye = mkGreeting "atā" ;
+		GCheers = mkGreeting "priekā" ;
+		GDamn = mkGreeting "sasodīts" ;
+		GExcuse, GExcusePol = mkGreeting "atvainojiet" ;
+		GGoodDay = mkGreeting "labdien" ;
+		GGoodEvening = mkGreeting "labvakar" ;
+		GGoodMorning = mkGreeting "labrīt" ;
+		GGoodNight = mkGreeting "ar labunakti" ;
+		GGoodbye = mkGreeting "visu labu" ;
+		GHello = mkGreeting "sveiki" ;
+		GHelp = mkGreeting "palīdziet" ;
+		GHowAreYou = mkGreeting "kā klājas" ;
+		GLookOut = mkGreeting "uzmanīgi" ;
+		GNiceToMeetYou, GNiceToMeetYouPol = mkGreeting "prieks iepazīties" ;
+		GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = mkGreeting "lūdzu" ;
+		GSeeYouSoon = mkGreeting "uz drīzu tikšanos" ;
+		GSorry, GSorryPol = mkGreeting "piedodiet" ;
+		GThanks = mkGreeting "paldies" ;
+		GTheCheck = mkGreeting "rēķins" ;
+		GCongratulations = mkGreeting "apsveicu" ;
+		GHappyBirthday = mkGreeting "daudz laimes dzimšanas dienā" ;
+		GGoodLuck = mkGreeting "veiksmīgi" ;
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsNor.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+--# -coding=latin1
+concrete GreetingsNor of Greetings = SentencesNor [Greeting,mkGreeting] ** open Prelude in {
+
+lin 
+  GBye = mkGreeting "ha det" ;
+  GCheers = mkGreeting "skål" ; -- google translate ! 
+  GDamn = mkGreeting "faen" ; 
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol = mkGreeting "unnskyld" ;
+  GGoodDay = mkGreeting "god dag" ;
+  GGoodEvening = mkGreeting "god kveld" ;
+  GGoodMorning = mkGreeting "god morgen" ;
+  GGoodNight = mkGreeting "god natt" ;
+  GGoodbye = mkGreeting "ha det bra" ;
+  GHello = mkGreeting "hei" ;
+  GHelp = mkGreeting "hjelp" ;
+  GHowAreYou = mkGreeting "hvordan går det" ;
+  GLookOut = mkGreeting "se opp" ; -- google translate !
+  GNiceToMeetYou, GNiceToMeetYouPol = mkGreeting "hyggelig å treffe deg" ;
+  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = mkGreeting "vær så snill" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = mkGreeting "se deg snart" ; -- google translate !
+  GSorry, GSorryPol = mkGreeting "beklager" ;
+  GThanks = mkGreeting "takk" ;
+  GTheCheck = mkGreeting "regningen" ;
+  GCongratulations = mkGreeting "gratulerer";
+  GHappyBirthday = mkGreeting "gratulerer med dagen" ;
+  GGoodLuck = mkGreeting "lykke til" ; 
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsPes.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+concrete GreetingsPes of Greetings = SentencesPes [mkGreeting] ** open (P=Prelude) in {
+
+-- lincat 
+--  Greeting = {s : Str; lock_Text : {}} ;
+flags coding = utf8 ;
+lin 
+  GBye = P.ss ["خداحافظ"] ;
+  GCheers = P.ss ["به سلامتی"] ; 
+  GDamn = P.ss "لعنتی" ;
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol = P.ss ["ببخشید"] ;
+  GGoodDay = P.ss ["روز به خیر"] ; ----
+  GGoodEvening = P.ss ["عصر به خیر"] ;
+  GGoodMorning = P.ss ["صبح به خیر"] ;
+  GGoodNight = P.ss ["شب به خیر"] ;
+  GGoodbye = P.ss ["خداحافظ"] ;
+  GHello = P.ss "سلام" ;
+  GHelp = P.ss "کمک" ;
+  GHowAreYou = P.ss ["حال شما چطور است"] ;
+  GLookOut = P.ss ["مراقب باشید"] ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou, GNiceToMeetYouPol = P.ss ["از ملاقات شما خوشوقتم"] ;
+  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = P.ss ["لطفاً بدهید"] ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = P.ss ["به امید دیدار"] ;
+  GSorry, GSorryPol = P.ss "متأسفم" ;
+  GThanks = P.ss "ممنونم" ;
+  GTheCheck = P.ss "چک" ;
+  GCongratulations = P.ss ["تبریک میگم"];
+  GHappyBirthday = P.ss ["تولدت مبارک"] ;
+  GGoodLuck = P.ss ["موفق باشید"] ; 
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsPol.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+concrete GreetingsPol of Greetings = SentencesPol [Greeting,mkGreeting] ** open Prelude in {
+
+flags
+  optimize =values ; coding =utf8 ; 
+
+lin 
+  GBye = mkGreeting "cześć" ;
+  GCheers = mkGreeting "na zdrowie" ;
+  GDamn = mkGreeting "cholera" ; -- not polite
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol, GSorry, GSorryPol = mkGreeting "przepraszam" ;
+  GGoodDay, GGoodMorning = mkGreeting "dzień dobry" ;
+  GGoodEvening = mkGreeting "dobry wieczór" ;
+  GGoodNight = mkGreeting "dobranoc" ;
+  GGoodbye = mkGreeting "do widzenia" ;
+  GHello = mkGreeting "cześć" ;
+  GHelp = mkGreeting "pomocy" ;
+  GHowAreYou = mkGreeting "jak się masz" ;
+  GLookOut = mkGreeting "uwaga" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou = mkGreeting "miło mi" ; 
+  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = mkGreeting "poproszę" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = mkGreeting "do zobaczenia" ;
+  GThanks = mkGreeting "dziękuję" ;
+  GTheCheck = mkGreeting "rachunek" ;
+  GCongratulations = mkGreeting "gratulacje";
+  GHappyBirthday = mkGreeting "wszystkiego najlepszego z okazji urodzin" ;
+  GGoodLuck = mkGreeting "powodzenia" ; 
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsRon.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+concrete GreetingsRon of Greetings = SentencesRon [Greeting,mkGreeting] ** open Prelude in {
+
+flags coding = utf8 ;
+
+lin 
+  GBye = mkGreeting "pa" ;
+  GCheers = mkGreeting "noroc" ;
+  GDamn = mkGreeting "ptiu" ;
+  GExcuse = mkGreeting "pardon" ;
+  GExcusePol = mkGreeting "mă scuzați" ;
+  GGoodDay = mkGreeting "bună ziua" ;
+  GGoodEvening = mkGreeting "bună seara" ;
+  GGoodMorning = mkGreeting "bună dimineaţa" ;
+  GGoodNight = mkGreeting "noapte bună" ;
+  GGoodbye = mkGreeting "la revedere" ;
+  GHello = mkGreeting "salut" ;
+  GHelp = mkGreeting "ajutor" ;
+  GHowAreYou = mkGreeting "ce faci" ;
+  GLookOut = mkGreeting "atenţie" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou = mkGreeting "încântat" ;
+  GPleaseGive = mkGreeting "te rog" ;
+  GPleaseGivePol = mkGreeting "vă rog" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = mkGreeting "pe curând" ;
+  GSorry, GSorryPol = mkGreeting "îmi pare rău" ;
+  GThanks = mkGreeting "mulţumesc" ;
+  GTheCheck = mkGreeting "nota de plată" ;
+  GCongratulations = mkGreeting "felicitări";
+  GHappyBirthday = mkGreeting "la mulți ani" ;
+  GGoodLuck = mkGreeting "baftă" ; 
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsRus.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+concrete GreetingsRus of Greetings = open Prelude in {
+
+flags coding = utf8 ;
+
+lin 
+  GBye = ss "до свидания" ;
+  GCheers = ss "ура" ;
+  GDamn = ss "чёрт" ;
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol = ss "извините" ;
+  GGoodDay = ss "добрый день" ; ----
+  GGoodEvening = ss "добрый вечер" ;
+  GGoodMorning = ss "доброе утро" ;
+  GGoodNight = ss "спокойной ночи" ;
+  GGoodbye = ss "до свидания" ;
+  GHello = ss "привет" ;
+  GHelp = ss "помогите" ;
+  GHowAreYou = ss "Как поживаете" ;
+  GLookOut = ss "смотреть" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou, GNiceToMeetYouPol = ss "приятно познакомиться" ;
+  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = ss "пожалуйста" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = ss "до скорой встречи" ;
+  GSorry, GSorryPol = ss "Мне жаль" ;
+  GThanks = ss "спасибо" ;
+  GTheCheck = ss "проверить" ;
+  GCongratulations = ss "поздравляю";
+  GHappyBirthday = ss "с днем рождения" ;
+  GGoodLuck = ss "желаю удачи" ; 
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsSnd.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+concrete GreetingsSnd of Greetings = SentencesSnd [mkGreeting,Greeting] ** open (P=Prelude) in {
+
+-- lincat 
+--  Greeting = {s : Str; lock_Text : {}} ;
+flags coding = utf8 ;
+lin 
+  GBye = P.ss "خدا حافظ" ;
+  GCheers = P.ss "چيئرز" ;
+  GDamn = P.ss "اف" ;
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol = P.ss "معاف ڪجو" ;
+  GGoodDay = P.ss "ڏينهن بخير" ; ----
+  GGoodEvening = P.ss "شام بخير" ;
+  GGoodMorning = P.ss "صبح بخير" ;
+  GGoodNight = P.ss "رات بخير" ;
+  GGoodbye = P.ss "خدا حافظ" ;
+  GHello = P.ss "السلام عليڪم" ;
+  GHelp = P.ss "مدد" ;
+  GHowAreYou = P.ss "توهان ڪيئن آهيو" ;
+  GLookOut = P.ss "سنڀالي" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou, GNiceToMeetYouPol = P.ss "توهان سان ملي ڪري سٺو لڳو" ;
+  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = P.ss "مهرباني ڪريو" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = P.ss "موڪلاڻي ڪانهي" ;
+  GSorry, GSorryPol = P.ss "معاف ڪجو" ;
+  GThanks = P.ss "ٿورا" ;
+  GTheCheck = P.ss "بل" ;
+  GCongratulations = P.ss "مبارڪ هجي";
+  GHappyBirthday = P.ss "جنم ڏينهن مبارڪ" ;
+  GGoodLuck = P.ss "قسمت ڀلي هجي" ; 
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsSpa.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+concrete GreetingsSpa of Greetings = SentencesSpa [Greeting,mkGreeting] ** open Prelude in {
+
+flags coding = utf8 ;
+
+lin
+  GBye = mkGreeting "adiós" ;
+  GCheers = mkGreeting "salud" ;
+  GDamn = mkGreeting "joder" ;
+  GExcuse = mkGreeting "perdón" ;
+  GExcusePol = mkGreeting "perdone" ;
+  GCongratulations = mkGreeting "felicitaciones" ;
+  GGoodLuck = mkGreeting "buena suerte" ;
+  GHappyBirthday = mkGreeting "feliz cumpleaños" ;
+  GGoodMorning, GGoodDay = mkGreeting "buenos días" ;
+  GGoodEvening = mkGreeting "buenas tardes" ;
+  GGoodNight = mkGreeting "buenas noches" ;
+  GGoodbye = mkGreeting "hasta luego" ;
+  GHello = mkGreeting "hola" ;
+  GHelp = mkGreeting "socorro" ;
+  GHowAreYou = mkGreeting "cómo está" ; -- the polite singular "you"
+  GLookOut = mkGreeting "atención" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou = mkGreeting "encantado de conocerle" ; -- the polite singular "you"
+  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = mkGreeting "por favor" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = mkGreeting "nos vemos pronto" ;
+  GSorry = mkGreeting "disculpa" ;
+  GSorryPol = mkGreeting "disculpe" ;
+  GThanks = mkGreeting "gracias" ;
+  GTheCheck = mkGreeting "la cuenta" ;
+  GWhatTime = mkGreeting "qué hora es" ;
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsSwe.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+--# -coding=latin1
+concrete GreetingsSwe of Greetings = SentencesSwe [Greeting,mkGreeting] ** open Prelude in {
+
+lin 
+  GBye = mkGreeting "hej då" ;
+  GCheers = mkGreeting "skål" ;
+  GDamn = mkGreeting "fan" ;
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol = mkGreeting "ursäkta" ;
+  GGoodDay = mkGreeting "god dag" ;
+  GGoodEvening = mkGreeting "god afton" ;
+  GGoodMorning = mkGreeting "god morgon" ;
+  GGoodNight = mkGreeting "god natt" ;
+  GGoodbye = mkGreeting "hej då" ;
+  GHello = mkGreeting "hej" ;
+  GHelp = mkGreeting "hjälp" ;
+  GHowAreYou = mkGreeting "hur står det till" ;
+  GLookOut = mkGreeting "se upp" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou, GNiceToMeetYouPol = mkGreeting "trevligt att träffas" ;
+  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = mkGreeting "var så god" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = mkGreeting "vi ses snart" ;
+  GSorry, GSorryPol = mkGreeting "förlåt" ;
+  GThanks = mkGreeting "tack" ;
+  GTheCheck = mkGreeting "notan" ;
+  GCongratulations = mkGreeting "grattis";
+  GHappyBirthday = mkGreeting "grattis på födelsedagen" ;
+  GGoodLuck = mkGreeting "lycka till" ; 
+  GWhatTime = mkGreeting "vad är klockan" | mkGreeting "hur mycket är klockan" ;
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsTha.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+concrete GreetingsTha of Greetings = 
+  SentencesTha [Greeting,mkGreeting] ** 
+  open ResTha, Prelude in {
+
+-- สุขสันต์วันเกิด
+
+flags coding = utf8 ;
+
+lin 
+  GBye = mkGreeting (thword "ลา" "ก่อน") ;
+  GCheers = mkGreeting (thword "ไช" "โย") ;
+  GDamn = mkGreeting (thword "ชิบ" "หาย") ;
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol = mkGreeting (thword "ขอ" "โทษ") ;
+  GGoodDay = mkGreeting (thword "สวัส" "ดี") ;
+  GGoodEvening = mkGreeting (thword "สวัส" "ดี") ;
+  GGoodMorning = mkGreeting (thword "สวัส" "ดี") ;
+  GGoodNight = mkGreeting (thword "รา" "ตรี" "สวัส" "ดิ์") ;
+  GGoodbye = mkGreeting (thword "ลา" "ก่อน") ;
+  GHello = mkGreeting (thword "สวัส" "ดี") ;
+  GHelp = mkGreeting (thword "ช่วย" "ด้วย") ;
+  GHowAreYou = mkGreeting (thword "สบาย" "ดี" "ไหม") ;
+  GLookOut = mkGreeting (thword "ระ" "วัง") ; ---- google
+  GNiceToMeetYou, GNiceToMeetYouPol = 
+    mkGreeting (thword "ยิน" "ดี" "ที่" "ได้" "รู้" "จัก") ;
+  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = mkGreeting "นะ" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = mkGreeting (thword "เจอ" "กัน" "นะ") ;
+  GSorry, GSorryPol = mkGreeting (thword "ขอ" "โทษ") ;
+  GThanks = mkGreeting (thword "ขอบ" "คุณ") ;
+  GTheCheck = mkGreeting (thword "เช็ค" "บิล") ;
+  GCongratulations = mkGreeting (thword "ยิน" "ดี" "ด้วย") ;
+  GHappyBirthday = mkGreeting (thword "สุข" "สันต์" "วัน" "เกิด") ;
+  GGoodLuck = mkGreeting (thword "โชค" "ดี" "นะ") ; 
+}
+
+

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/GreetingsUrd.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+concrete GreetingsUrd of Greetings = SentencesUrd [mkGreeting,Greeting] ** open (P=Prelude) in {
+
+-- lincat 
+--  Greeting = {s : Str; lock_Text : {}} ;
+flags coding = utf8 ;
+lin 
+  GBye = P.ss "خدا حافظ" ;
+  GCheers = P.ss "چیرز" ;
+  GDamn = P.ss "اف" ;
+  GExcuse, GExcusePol = P.ss "معاف كیجیے گا" ;
+  GGoodDay = P.ss "دن بخیر" ; ----
+  GGoodEvening = P.ss "شام بخیر" ;
+  GGoodMorning = P.ss "صبح بخیر" ;
+  GGoodNight = P.ss "رات بخیر" ;
+  GGoodbye = P.ss "خدا حافظ" ;
+  GHello = P.ss "اسلام علیكم" ;
+  GHelp = P.ss "مدد" ;
+  GHowAreYou = P.ss "آپ كیسی ہو" ;
+  GLookOut = P.ss "دیكھ كر" ;
+  GNiceToMeetYou, GNiceToMeetYouPol = P.ss "آپ سے مل كر اچھا لگا" ;
+  GPleaseGive, GPleaseGivePol = P.ss "مہربانی كر كے" ;
+  GSeeYouSoon = P.ss "ملتے ہیں" ;
+  GSorry, GSorryPol = P.ss "معاف كیجیے گا" ;
+  GThanks = P.ss "شكریہ" ;
+  GTheCheck = P.ss "بل" ;
+  GCongratulations = P.ss "مبارك ہو";
+  GHappyBirthday = P.ss "سالگرہ مبارك" ;
+  GGoodLuck = P.ss "گڈ لك" ; 
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/Phrasebook-100.trees

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+PSentence (SHaveNoMass (Children (Children WeFemale)) Chicken)
+PImperativeFamPos VSwim
+PGreetingFemale GHowAreYou
+PImperativeFamNeg VWrite
+PImperativeFamNeg VStop
+PImperativePlurNeg (V2Eat (OneObj (ObjMass Salt)))
+PQuestion (QProp (Is (ThisMass Chicken) (Too Fresh)))
+PImperativePolNeg (V2Eat (OneObj (ObjIndef Apple)))
+PImperativePlurNeg VWait
+PImperativeFamNeg VEat
+PSentence (SPropNot (PropOpen (APlace AmusementPark)))
+PImperativePolPos (V2Eat (OneObj (ObjMass Meat)))
+PImperativePolPos VWait
+PImperativeFamNeg VRun
+PImperativePolPos VStop
+PImperativePlurNeg VSleep
+PSentence (SHaveNo (Son (Daughter YouPlurPolMale)) (SuchKind (Very Fresh) Pizza))
+PImperativePolNeg VSwim
+PImperativePolNeg VWait
+PGreetingMale GGoodMorning
+PGreetingFemale GSorryPol
+PGreetingFemale GExcuse
+PImperativePlurPos VWalk
+PImperativePlurNeg VWalk
+PSentence (SHaveNo YouFamMale Pizza)
+PQuestion (HowFarFromBy (SuperlPlace TheMostExpensive Pharmacy) (SuperlPlace TheMostPopular Zoo) ByFoot)
+PImperativePolPos VWait
+PGreetingMale PNo
+PImperativePolNeg (V2Eat (OneObj (ObjIndef Pizza)))
+PImperativePlurPos (V2Eat (OneObj (ObjIndef Pizza)))
+PImperativeFamPos VDrink
+PGreetingMale GSeeYouSoon
+PImperativePolPos (V2Eat (OneObj (ObjPlural Apple)))
+PGreetingFemale PNo
+PImperativeFamNeg VRead
+PImperativeFamPos (V2Eat (OneObj (ObjPlural Pizza)))
+PImperativeFamPos VEat
+PImperativePlurPos VRead
+PSentence (SPropNot (PropClosedDay (SuperlPlace TheBest Station) Wednesday))
+PImperativePolPos (V2Eat (OneObj (ObjMass Meat)))
+PImperativeFamPos VPlay
+PGreetingMale GHappyBirthday
+PGreetingMale GPleaseGive
+PImperativeFamPos VStop
+PImperativeFamPos VRead
+PSentence (SPropNot (PropClosedDay (ThePlace Hotel) Thursday))
+PGreetingFemale PYes
+PImperativeFamNeg VWalk
+PGreetingMale GHello
+PImperativeFamNeg VSit
+PImperativeFamNeg VWrite
+PSentence (SHaveNoMass (Daughter YouPlurPolFemale) (SuchMassKind (PropQuality Boring) Salt))
+PImperativePlurNeg (V2Eat (OneObj (ObjMass Chicken)))
+PGreetingFemale GThanks
+PGreetingMale (PSeeYouPlaceDate (APlace Bank) Today)
+PImperativePlurPos VWalk
+PImperativeFamPos VWrite
+PImperativePolNeg VWait
+PQuestion (QWhereDoVerbPhrase (Husband YouPolMale) VEat)
+PImperativePlurNeg VStop
+PImperativeFamNeg VRun
+PImperativePolNeg VWrite
+PGreetingFemale PYesToNo
+PQuestion (HowFarBy (SuperlPlace TheWorst Church) ByFoot)
+PImperativeFamNeg VWalk
+PGreetingFemale GSorryPol
+PImperativePlurNeg VSit
+PImperativeFamNeg VWait
+PQuestion (HowFarBy (APlace Center) ByFoot)
+PImperativeFamPos VEat
+PImperativePlurPos VEat
+PGreetingMale GPleaseGive
+PImperativePlurPos VWrite
+PImperativeFamNeg VWait
+PImperativeFamPos VRun
+PQuestion (HowFar (APlace Zoo))
+PImperativeFamNeg (V2Wait (PersonName NameNN))
+PGreetingFemale GExcuse
+PImperativePlurNeg VSit
+PSentence (SHaveNo YouPolFemale (SuchKind (Too Cold) Apple))
+PGreetingFemale GGoodbye
+PImperativeFamPos VWait
+PImperativePolNeg VSit
+PGreetingMale GExcusePol
+PQuestion (WherePerson (Wife TheyMale))
+PImperativeFamPos VEat
+PImperativePlurNeg (V2Drink (OneObj (ObjPlural Apple)))
+PImperativeFamNeg (V2Eat (OneObj (ObjIndef Apple)))
+PImperativeFamPos VStop
+PImperativePlurNeg VStop
+PGreetingMale GGoodNight
+PGreetingFemale GWhatTime
+PQuestion (QWhereDoVerbPhrase YouPlurFamMale (V2Wait (Wife YouPlurPolMale)))
+PGreetingMale GNiceToMeetYou
+PGreetingFemale PYesToNo
+PImperativePlurPos VDrink
+PImperativeFamNeg VEat
+PImperativeFamPos VRead
+PSentence (SHave YouPlurPolFemale (OneObj (ObjIndef Pizza)))
+PSentence (SPropNot (PropOpenDay (SuperlPlace TheCheapest Supermarket) Thursday))

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/Phrasebook.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+abstract Phrasebook = 
+  Greetings,
+  Words
+  ** {
+
+flags startcat = Phrase ;
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/PhrasebookBul.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+--# -path=.:present
+
+concrete PhrasebookBul of Phrasebook = 
+  GreetingsBul,
+  WordsBul ** open 
+    SyntaxBul,
+    Prelude in {
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/PhrasebookCat.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+--# -path=.:present
+
+concrete PhrasebookCat of Phrasebook = 
+  GreetingsCat,
+  WordsCat
+  ** open 
+    SyntaxCat,
+    Prelude in {
+
+}
+

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/PhrasebookChi.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+--# -path=.:alltenses
+
+concrete PhrasebookChi of Phrasebook = 
+  GreetingsChi,
+  WordsChi
+ ** open 
+    SyntaxChi,
+    Prelude in {
+
+
+}

testsuite/lpgf/phrasebook/PhrasebookDan.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+--# -path=.:present:alltenses
+
+concrete PhrasebookDan of Phrasebook = 
+  GreetingsDan,
+  WordsDan ** open 
+    SyntaxDan,
+    Prelude in {
+
+}