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gf-core/lib/resource/catalan/ParadigmsCat.gf

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--# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
----1 Catalan Lexical Paradigms
----
---- Aarne Ranta 2003
----
---- This is an API to the user of the resource grammar
---- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
---- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
----
---- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
---- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$.
----
---- The main difference with $MorphoCat.gf$ is that the types
---- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
---- had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather
---- than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms.
----
---- The structure of functions for each word class $C$ is the following:
---- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
---- regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function $mkC$, which serves as an
---- escape to construct the most irregular words of type $C$.
--
resource ParadigmsCat =
open
(Predef=Predef),
Prelude,
CommonRomance,
ResCat,
MorphoCat,
BeschCat,
CatCat in {
flags optimize=all ;
--
----2 Parameters
----
---- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
--
oper
Gender : Type ;
masculine : Gender ;
feminine : Gender ;
---- To abstract over number names, we define the following.
--
-- Number : Type ;
--
-- singular : Number ;
-- plural : Number ;
--
-- Prepositions used in many-argument functions are either strings
-- (including the 'accusative' empty string) or strings that
-- amalgamate with the following word (the 'genitive' "de" and the
-- 'dative' "a").
Preposition : Type ;
accusative : Preposition ;
genitive : Preposition ;
dative : Preposition ;
mkPreposition : Str -> Preposition ;
--2 Nouns
-- Worst case: two forms (singular + plural),
-- and the gender.
mkN : (_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> N ; -- uomo, uomini, masculine
-- The regular function takes the singular form and the gender,
-- and computes the plural and the gender by a heuristic.
-- The heuristic says that the gender is feminine for nouns
-- ending with "a" or "z", and masculine for all other words.
-- Nouns ending with "a", "o", "e" have the plural with "s",
-- those ending with "z" have "ces" in plural; all other nouns
-- have "es" as plural ending. The accent is not dealt with.
regN : Str -> N ;
-- To force a different gender, use one of the following functions.
mascN : N -> N ;
femN : N -> N ;
--3 Compound nouns
--
-- Some nouns are ones where the first part is inflected as a noun but
-- the second part is not inflected. e.g. "número de telèfon".
-- They could be formed in syntax, but we give a shortcut here since
-- they are frequent in lexica.
compN : N -> Str -> N ;
--3 Relational nouns
--
-- Relational nouns ("filla de x") need a case and a preposition.
mkN2 : N -> Preposition -> N2 ;
-- The most common cases are the genitive "de" and the dative "a",
-- with the empty preposition.
deN2 : N -> N2 ;
-- aN2 : N -> N2 ; s'usa ?
-- Three-place relational nouns ("la connexió de x a y") need two prepositions.
mkN3 : N -> Preposition -> Preposition -> N3 ;
----3 Relational common noun phrases
----
---- In some cases, you may want to make a complex $CN$ into a
---- relational noun (e.g. "the old town hall of"). However, $N2$ and
---- $N3$ are purely lexical categories. But you can use the $AdvCN$
---- and $PrepNP$ constructions to build phrases like this.
--
----
--3 Proper names and noun phrases
--
-- Proper names need a string and a gender.
mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; -- Joan
-- To form a noun phrase that can also be plural,
-- you can use the worst-case function.
makeNP : Str -> Gender -> Number -> NP ;
----2 Adjectives
--
---- Non-comparison one-place adjectives need five forms in the worst
---- case (masc and fem singular, masc plural, adverbial).
--
mkA : (fort,forta,forts,fortes, fortament : Str) -> A ;
--
-- For regular adjectives, all other forms are derived from the
-- masculine singular. The types of adjectives that are recognized are
-- "alto", "fuerte", "util".
regA : Str -> A ;
---- These functions create postfix adjectives. To switch
---- them to prefix ones (i.e. ones placed before the noun in
---- modification, as in "petite maison"), the following function is
---- provided.
--
prefA : A -> A ;
--
----3 Two-place adjectives
----
---- Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
--
mkA2 : A -> Preposition -> A2 ;
--
----3 Comparison adjectives
--
---- Comparison adjectives are in the worst case put up from two
---- adjectives: the positive ("bueno"), and the comparative ("mejor").
--
mkADeg : A -> A -> A ;
--
-- If comparison is formed by "més", as usual in Catalan,
-- the following pattern is used:
compADeg : A -> A ;
---- The regular pattern is the same as $regA$ for plain adjectives,
---- with comparison by "mas".
--
regADeg : Str -> A ;
--
--
----2 Adverbs
-- Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
-- after the verb.
mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
---- Some appear next to the verb (e.g. "siempre").
--
mkAdV : Str -> AdV ;
--
---- Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
--
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
--
--
--2 Verbs
--
-- Regular verbs are ones inflected like "cantar", "servir"/"dormir", or "perdre"/"treure".
-- The regular verb function is the first conjugation ("ar") recognizes
-- the variations corresponding to the patterns
-- "actuar, cazar, guiar, pagar, sacar". The module $BeschCat$ gives
-- the complete set of "Bescherelle" conjugations.
regV : Str -> V ;
---- The module $BeschCat$ gives all the patterns of the "Bescherelle"
---- book. To use them in the category $V$, wrap them with the function
verbV : Verbum -> V ;
---- To form reflexive verbs:
--
reflV : V -> V ;
--
-- Verbs with a deviant passive participle: just give the participle
-- in masculine singular form as second argument.
special_ppV : V -> Str -> V ;
--3 Two-place verbs
--
-- Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
-- (transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the $V$.
mkV2 : V -> Preposition -> V2 ;
dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
---- You can reuse a $V2$ verb in $V$.
--
-- v2V : V2 -> V ;
--
----3 Three-place verbs
----
---- Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
---- the first one or both can be absent.
mkV3 : V -> Preposition -> Preposition -> V3 ; -- parlar, a, de
dirV3 : V -> Preposition -> V3 ; -- donar,_,a
dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- donar,_,_
----3 Other complement patterns
----
---- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
---- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
--
-- mkV0 : V -> V0 ;
mkVS : V -> VS ;
mkV2S : V -> Preposition -> V2S ;
mkVV : V -> VV ; -- plain infinitive: "je veux parler"
-- deVV : V -> VV ; -- "j'essaie de parler"
-- aVV : V -> VV ; -- "j'arrive à parler"
-- mkV2V : V -> Preposition -> Preposition -> V2V ;
-- mkVA : V -> VA ;
-- mkV2A : V -> Preposition -> Preposition -> V2A ;
mkVQ : V -> VQ ;
-- mkV2Q : V -> Preposition -> V2Q ;
--
mkAS : A -> AS ;
-- mkA2S : A -> Preposition -> A2S ;
-- mkAV : A -> Preposition -> AV ;
-- mkA2V : A -> Preposition -> Preposition -> A2V ;
--
---- Notice: categories $V2S, V2V, V2Q$ are in v 1.0 treated
---- just as synonyms of $V2$, and the second argument is given
---- as an adverb. Likewise $AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$.
---- $V0$ is just $V$.
--
V0 : Type ;
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
--
--
----2 The definitions of the paradigms
----
---- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
---- hidden from the document.
----.
Gender = MorphoCat.Gender ;
Number = MorphoCat.Number ;
masculine = Masc ;
feminine = Fem ;
singular = Sg ;
plural = Pl ;
Preposition = Compl ;
accusative = complAcc ;
genitive = complGen ;
dative = complDat ;
mkPreposition p = {s = p ; c = Acc ; isDir = False} ;
--
--
mkN x y g = mkNounIrreg x y g ** {lock_N = <>} ;
regN x = mkNomReg x ** {lock_N = <>} ;
compN x y = {s = \\n => x.s ! n ++ y ; g = x.g ; lock_N = <>} ;
femN x = {s = x.s ; g = feminine ; lock_N = <>} ;
mascN x = {s = x.s ; g = masculine ; lock_N = <>} ;
mkN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = p} ;
deN2 n = mkN2 n genitive ;
-- aN2 n = mkN2 n dative ; -- s'usa ?
mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = p ; c3 = q} ;
mkPN x g = {s = x ; g = g} ** {lock_PN = <>} ;
makeNP x g n = {s = (pn2np (mkPN x g)).s; a = agrP3 g n ; hasClit = False} ** {lock_NP = <>} ;
--
mkA a b c d e =
compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj a b c d e).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
regA a = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdjReg a).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
prefA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; lock_A = <>} ;
--
mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = p ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
--
mkADeg a b =
{s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => b.s ! Posit} ;
isPre = a.isPre ; lock_A = <>} ;
compADeg a =
{s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => \\f => "més" ++ a.s ! Posit ! f} ;
isPre = a.isPre ;
lock_A = <>} ;
regADeg a = compADeg (regA a) ;
mkAdv x = ss x ** {lock_Adv = <>} ;
-- mkAdV x = ss x ** {lock_AdV = <>} ;
-- mkAdA x = ss x ** {lock_AdA = <>} ;
--
regV x = -- cantar
let
ar = Predef.dp 2 x ;
z = Predef.dp 1 (Predef.tk 2 x) ;
verb = case ar of {
"re" => viure_119 x ;
"ir" => patir_81 x ;
_ => cantar_15 x
}
-- "er" => deber_6 x ;
-- _ => case z of {
-- "u" => actuar_9 x ;
-- "z" => cazar_21 x ;
-- "i" => guiar_43 x ;
-- "g" => pagar_53 x ;
-- "c" => sacar_72 x ;
-- _ => cortar_5 x
-- }
in verbBesch verb ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
-- reflV v = {s = v.s ; vtyp = VRefl ; lock_V = <>} ;
verbV ve = verbBesch ve ** {vtyp = VHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
special_ppV ve pa = {
s = table {
VPart g n => (adjFort pa).s ! AF g n ;
p => ve.s ! p
} ;
lock_V = <> ;
vtyp = VHabere
} ;
mkV2 v p = {s = v.s ; vtyp = v.vtyp ; c2 = p ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
dirV2 v = mkV2 v accusative ;
-- v2V v = v ** {lock_V = <>} ;
--
mkV3 v p q = {s = v.s ; vtyp = v.vtyp ;
c2 = p ; c3 = q ; lock_V3 = <>} ;
dirV3 v p = mkV3 v accusative p ;
dirdirV3 v = dirV3 v dative ;
--
-- V0 : Type = V ;
AS, AV : Type = A ;
-- A2S, A2V : Type = A2 ;
--
-- mkV0 v = v ** {lock_V0 = <>} ;
mkVS v = v ** {m = \\_ => Indic ; lock_VS = <>} ; ---- more moods
mkV2S v p = mkV2 v p ** {mn,mp = Indic ; lock_V2S = <>} ;
mkVV v = v ** {c2 = complAcc ; lock_VV = <>} ;
-- deVV v = v ** {c2 = complGen ; lock_VV = <>} ;
-- aVV v = v ** {c2 = complDat ; lock_VV = <>} ;
-- mkV2V v p t = mkV2 v p ** {c3 = t.p1 ; s3 = p.p2 ; lock_V2V = <>} ;
-- mkVA v = v ** {lock_VA = <>} ;
-- mkV2A v p q = mkV3 v p q ** {lock_V2A = <>} ;
mkVQ v = v ** {lock_VQ = <>} ;
-- mkV2Q v p = mkV2 v p ** {lock_V2Q = <>} ;
--
mkAS v = v ** {lock_AS = <>} ; ---- more moods
-- mkA2S v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A2S = <>} ;
-- mkAV v p = v ** {c = p.p1 ; s2 = p.p2 ; lock_AV = <>} ;
-- mkA2V v p q = mkA2 v p ** {s3 = q.p2 ; c3 = q.p1 ; lock_A2V = <>} ;
--
} ;
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