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316 lines
8.6 KiB
HTML
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<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
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<TITLE>GF Resource Grammar Library v. 1.2</TITLE>
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</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
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<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1>GF Resource Grammar Library v. 1.2</H1>
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<FONT SIZE="4">
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<I>Author: Aarne Ranta <aarne (at) cs.chalmers.se></I><BR>
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Last update: Fri Dec 21 18:15:24 2007
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</FONT></CENTER>
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<P>
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<center>
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</P>
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<P>
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<IMG ALIGN="middle" SRC="../../../doc/lang10.png" BORDER="0" ALT="">
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</P>
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<P>
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</center>
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</P>
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<P>
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The GF Resource Grammar Library defines the basic grammar of
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ten languages:
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Danish, English, Finnish, French, German,
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Italian, Norwegian, Russian, Spanish, Swedish.
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Still incomplete implementations for Arabic and Catalan are also
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included.
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</P>
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<P>
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<B>New</B> in December 2007: Browsing the library by syntax editor
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<A HREF="../../../demos/resource-api/editor.html">directly on the web</A>.
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</P>
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<H2>Authors</H2>
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<P>
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Inger Andersson and Therese Soderberg (Spanish morphology),
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Nicolas Barth and Sylvain Pogodalla (French verb list),
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Ali El Dada (Arabic modules),
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Magda Gerritsen and Ulrich Real (Russian paradigms and lexicon),
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Janna Khegai (Russian modules),
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Bjorn Bringert (many Swadesh lexica),
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Carlos Gonzalía (Spanish cardinals),
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Harald Hammarström (German morphology),
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Patrik Jansson (Swedish cardinals),
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Andreas Priesnitz (German lexicon),
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Aarne Ranta,
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Jordi Saludes (Catalan modules),
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Henning Thielemann (German lexicon).
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</P>
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<P>
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We are grateful for contributions and
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comments to several other people who have used this and
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the previous versions of the resource library, including
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Ludmilla Bogavac,
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Ana Bove,
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David Burke,
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Lauri Carlson,
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Gloria Casanellas,
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Karin Cavallin,
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Robin Cooper,
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Hans-Joachim Daniels,
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Elisabet Engdahl,
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Markus Forsberg,
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Kristofer Johannisson,
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Anni Laine,
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Hans Leiß,
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Peter Ljunglöf,
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Saara Myllyntausta,
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Wanjiku Ng'ang'a,
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Nadine Perera,
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Jordi Saludes.
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</P>
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<H2>License</H2>
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<P>
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The GF Resource Grammar Library is open-source software licensed under
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GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). See the file <A HREF="../LICENSE">LICENSE</A> for more
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details.
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</P>
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<H2>Scope</H2>
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<P>
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Coverage, for each language:
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI>complete morphology
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<LI>lexicon of the ca. 100 most important structural words
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<LI>test lexicon of ca. 300 content words (rough equivalents in each language)
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<LI>list of irregular verbs (separately for each language)
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<LI>representative fragment of syntax (cf. CLE (Core Language Engine))
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<LI>rather flat semantics (cf. Quasi-Logical Form of CLE)
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</UL>
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<P>
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Organization:
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI>top-level (API) modules
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<LI>Ground API + special-purpose APIs
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<LI>"school grammar" concepts rather than advanced linguistic theory
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</UL>
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<P>
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Presentation:
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI>tool <CODE>gfdoc</CODE> for generating HTML from grammars
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<LI>example collections
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</UL>
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<H2>Location</H2>
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<P>
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Assuming you have installed the libraries, you will find the precompiled
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<CODE>gfc</CODE> and <CODE>gfr</CODE> files directly under <CODE>$GF_LIB_PATH</CODE>, whose default
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value is <CODE>/usr/local/share/GF/</CODE>. The precompiled subdirectories are
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</P>
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<PRE>
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alltenses
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mathematical
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multimodal
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present
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</PRE>
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<P>
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Do for instance
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</P>
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<PRE>
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cd $GF_LIB_PATH
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gf alltenses/langs.gfcm
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> p -cat=S -lang=LangEng "this grammar is too big" | tb
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</PRE>
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<P>
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For more details, see the <A HREF="synopsis.html">Synopsis</A>.
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</P>
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<H2>Compilation</H2>
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<P>
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If you want to compile the library from scratch, use <CODE>make</CODE> in the root of
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the source directory:
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</P>
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<PRE>
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cd GF/lib/resource-1.0
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make
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</PRE>
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<P>
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The <CODE>make</CODE> procedure does not by default make Arabic and Catalan, but you
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can uncomment the relevant lines in <CODE>Makefile</CODE> to compile them.
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</P>
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<H2>Encoding</H2>
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<P>
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Finnish, German, Romance, and Scandinavian languages are in isolatin-1.
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</P>
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<P>
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Arabic and Russian are in UTF-8.
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</P>
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<P>
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English is in pure ASCII.
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</P>
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<P>
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The different encodings imply, unfortunately, that it is hard to get
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a nice view of all languages simultaneously. The easiest way to achieve this is
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to use <CODE>gfeditor</CODE>, which automatically converts grammars to UTF-8.
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</P>
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<H2>Using the resource as library</H2>
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<P>
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This API is accessible by both <CODE>present</CODE> and <CODE>alltenses</CODE>. The modules you most often need are
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI><CODE>Syntax</CODE>, the interface to syntactic structures
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<LI><CODE>Syntax</CODE><I>L</I>, the implementations of <CODE>Syntax</CODE> for each language <I>L</I>
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<LI><CODE>Paradigms</CODE><I>L</I>, the morphological paradigms for each language <I>L</I>
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</UL>
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<P>
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The <A HREF="synopsis.html">Synopsis</A> gives examples on the typical usage of these
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modules.
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</P>
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<H2>Using the resource as top level grammar</H2>
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<P>
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The following modules can be used for parsing and linearization. They are accessible from both
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<CODE>present</CODE> and <CODE>alltenses</CODE>.
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI><CODE>Lang</CODE><I>L</I> for each language <I>L</I>, implementing a common abstract syntax <CODE>Lang</CODE>
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<LI><CODE>Danish</CODE>, <CODE>English</CODE>, etc, implementing <CODE>Lang</CODE> with language-specific extensions
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</UL>
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<P>
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In addition, there is in both <CODE>present</CODE> and <CODE>alltenses</CODE> the file
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI><CODE>langs.gfcm</CODE>, a package with precompiled <CODE>Lang</CODE><I>L</I> grammars
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</UL>
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<P>
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A way to test and view the resource grammar is to load <CODE>langs.gfcm</CODE> either into <CODE>gfeditor</CODE>
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or into the <CODE>gf</CODE> shell and perform actions such as syntax editing and treebank generation.
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For instance, the command
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</P>
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<PRE>
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> p -lang=LangEng -cat=S "this grammar is too big" | tb
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</PRE>
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<P>
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creates a treebank entry with translations of this sentence.
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</P>
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<P>
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For parsing, currently only English and the Scandinavian languages are within the limits ofr
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reasonable resources. For other languages <I>L</I>, parsing with <CODE>Lang</CODE><I>L</I> will probably eat
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up the computer resources before finishing the parser generation.
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</P>
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<H2>Accessing the lower level ground API</H2>
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<P>
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The <CODE>Syntax</CODE> API is implemented in terms a bunch of <CODE>abstract</CODE> modules, which
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as of version 1.2 are mainly interesting for implementors of the resource.
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See the <A HREF="index-1.1.html">documentation for version 1.1</A> for more details.
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</P>
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<H2>Known bugs and missing components</H2>
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<P>
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Danish
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI>the lexicon and chosen inflections are only partially verified
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</UL>
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<P>
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English
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</P>
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<P>
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Finnish
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI>wrong cases in some passive constructions
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</UL>
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<P>
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French
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI>multiple clitics (with V3) not always right
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<LI>third person pronominal questions with inverted word order
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have wrong forms if "t" is required e.g.
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(e.g. "comment fera-t-il" becomes "comment fera il")
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</UL>
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<P>
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German
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</P>
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<P>
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Italian
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI>multiple clitics (with V3) not always right
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</UL>
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<P>
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Norwegian
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI>the lexicon and chosen inflections are only partially verified
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</UL>
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<P>
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Russian
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI>some functions missing
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<LI>some regular paradigms are missing
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</UL>
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<P>
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Spanish
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI>multiple clitics (with V3) not always right
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<LI>missing contractions with imperatives and clitics
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</UL>
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<P>
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Swedish
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</P>
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<H2>More reading</H2>
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<P>
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<A HREF="synopsis.html">Synopsis</A>. The concise guide to API v. 1.2.
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</P>
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<P>
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<A HREF="gslt-sem-2006.html">Grammars as Software Libraries</A>. Slides
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with background and motivation for the resource grammar library.
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</P>
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<P>
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<A HREF="clt2006.html">GF Resource Grammar Library Version 1.0</A>. Slides
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giving an overview of the library and practical hints on its use.
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</P>
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<P>
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<A HREF="Resource-HOWTO.html">How to write resource grammars</A>. Helps you
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start if you want to add another language to the library.
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</P>
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<P>
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<A HREF="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/geocal2006.pdf">Parametrized modules for Romance languages</A>.
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Slides explaining some ideas in the implementation of
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French, Italian, and Spanish.
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</P>
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<P>
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<A HREF="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/slides/webalt-2005.pdf">Grammar writing by examples</A>.
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Slides showing how linearization rules are written as strings parsable by the resource grammar.
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</P>
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<P>
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<A HREF="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/slides/talk-edin2005.pdf">Multimodal Resource Grammars</A>.
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Slides showing how to use the multimodal resource library. N.B. the library
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examples are from <CODE>multimodal/old</CODE>, which is a reduced-size API.
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</P>
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<P>
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<A HREF="../../../doc/resource.pdf">GF Resource Grammar Library</A> (pdf).
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Printable user manual with API documentation, for version 1.0.
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</P>
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