forked from GitHub/gf-core
145 lines
4.5 KiB
Plaintext
145 lines
4.5 KiB
Plaintext
--1 Noun: Nouns, noun phrases, and determiners
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abstract Noun = Cat ** {
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--2 Noun phrases
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-- The three main types of noun phrases are
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-- - common nouns with determiners
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-- - proper names
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-- - pronouns
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--
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--
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fun
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DetCN : Det -> CN -> NP ; -- the man
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UsePN : PN -> NP ; -- John
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UsePron : Pron -> NP ; -- he
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-- Pronouns are defined in the module [``Structural`` Structural.html].
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-- A noun phrase already formed can be modified by a $Predet$erminer.
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PredetNP : Predet -> NP -> NP; -- only the man
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-- A noun phrase can also be postmodified by the past participle of a
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-- verb, by an adverb, or by a relative clause
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PPartNP : NP -> V2 -> NP ; -- the number squared
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AdvNP : NP -> Adv -> NP ; -- Paris at midnight
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RelNP : NP -> RS -> NP ; -- Paris, which is in Europe
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--2 Determiners
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-- The determiner has a fine-grained structure, in which a 'nucleus'
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-- quantifier and two optional parts can be discerned.
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-- The cardinal numeral is only available for plural determiners.
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-- (This is modified from CLE by further dividing their $Num$ into
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-- cardinal and ordinal.)
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DetQuant : Quant -> Num -> Ord -> Det ; -- the five best men
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-- Notice that $DetPl$ can still result in a singular determiner, because
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-- "one" is a numeral: "this one man".
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-- Quantifiers can form noun phrases directly.
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DetNP : Quant -> Num -> Ord -> NP ; -- these five
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-- Pronouns have possessive forms. Genitives of other kinds
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-- of noun phrases are not given here, since they are not possible
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-- in e.g. Romance languages. They can be found in
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-- [``Extra`` ../abstract/Extra.gf].
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PossPron : Pron -> Quant ; -- my (house)
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-- All parts of the determiner can be empty, except $Quant$, which is
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-- the "kernel" of a determiner. It is, however, the $Num$ that determines
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-- the inherent numbers.
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NumSg : Num ;
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NumPl : Num ;
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NoOrd : Ord ;
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-- $Num$ consists of either digits or numeral words.
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NumDigits : Digits -> Num ; -- 51
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NumNumeral : Numeral -> Num ; -- fifty-one
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-- The construction of numerals is defined in [Numeral Numeral.html].
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-- $Num$ can be modified by certain adverbs.
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AdNum : AdN -> Num -> Num ; -- almost 51
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-- $Ord$ consists of either digits or numeral words.
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OrdDigits : Digits -> Ord ; -- 51st
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OrdNumeral : Numeral -> Ord ; -- fifty-first
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-- Superlative forms of adjectives behave syntactically in the same way as
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-- ordinals.
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OrdSuperl : A -> Ord ; -- largest
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-- Ordinals and cardinals can be used as noun phrases alone.
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OrdSuperlNP : Num -> A -> NP ; -- the five best
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OrdNumeralNP : Numeral -> NP ; -- the fiftieth
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NumNumeralNP : Numeral -> NP ; -- fifty
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-- Definite and indefinite noun phrases are sometimes realized as
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-- neatly distinct words (Spanish "un, unos ; el, los") but also without
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-- any particular word (Finnish; Swedish definites).
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DefNP : Num -> Ord -> CN -> NP ; -- the (house), the (houses)
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IndefNP : Num -> Ord -> CN -> NP ; -- a (house), (houses)
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-- Nouns can be used without an article as mass nouns. The resource does
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-- not distinguish mass nouns from other common nouns, which can result
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-- in semantically odd expressions.
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MassNP : CN -> NP ; -- (beer)
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-- Other determiners are defined in [Structural Structural.html].
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--2 Common nouns
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-- Simple nouns can be used as nouns outright.
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UseN : N -> CN ; -- house
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-- Relational nouns take one or two arguments.
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ComplN2 : N2 -> NP -> CN ; -- son of the king
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ComplN3 : N3 -> NP -> N2 ; -- flight from Moscow (to Paris)
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-- Relational nouns can also be used without their arguments.
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-- The semantics is typically derivative of the relational meaning.
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UseN2 : N2 -> CN ; -- son
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UseN3 : N3 -> CN ; -- flight
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-- Nouns can be modified by adjectives, relative clauses, and adverbs
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-- (the last rule will give rise to many 'PP attachment' ambiguities
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-- when used in connection with verb phrases).
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AdjCN : AP -> CN -> CN ; -- big house
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RelCN : CN -> RS -> CN ; -- house that John owns
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AdvCN : CN -> Adv -> CN ; -- house on the hill
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-- Nouns can also be modified by embedded sentences and questions.
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-- For some nouns this makes little sense, but we leave this for applications
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-- to decide. Sentential complements are defined in [Verb Verb.html].
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SentCN : CN -> SC -> CN ; -- fact that John smokes, question if he does
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--2 Apposition
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-- This is certainly overgenerating.
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ApposCN : CN -> NP -> CN ; -- number x, numbers x and y
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} ;
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