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307 lines
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<TITLE>GF - Grammatical Framework</TITLE>
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<H1>Grammatical Framework</H1>
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<P>
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Version 3.4
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<br>
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January 2013
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<P>
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<div class=mainlinks style="font-size: 140%">
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[ <A HREF="demos/index.html">Demos</A>
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| <A HREF="http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html">Download</A>
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| <A HREF="lib/doc/synopsis.html">Libraries</A>
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| <A HREF="doc/gf-refman.html">Reference</A>
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| <A HREF="doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">Tutorial</A>
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| <A HREF="doc/gf-quickstart.html">QuickStart</A>
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| <A HREF="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-dev">UserGroup</A>
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| <A HREF="gf-book">Book</A>
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| <A HREF="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/GF/">GitHub</A>
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| <A HREF="http://www.postcrashgames.com/gf_world/">Interactive Map</A><font size=-1 color=red><i>New!</i></font>
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| <a href="http://cloud.grammaticalframework.org/"><img src="src/www/P/gf-cloud.png" alt="GF Cloud Service" title="GF Cloud Service"></a>
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]
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</div>
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<div class=extralinks>
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<p>
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[ <a href="http://code.google.com/p/grammatical-framework/issues/list">Issues</a>
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| <A HREF="http://code.google.com/p/grammatical-framework/wiki/SideBar?tm=6">Wiki</A>
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| <A HREF="doc/gf-people.html">People</A>
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| <A HREF="doc/gf-bibliography.html">Publications</A>
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| <A HREF="doc/gf-reference.html">QuickRefCard</A>
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| <A HREF="doc/gf-shell-reference.html">GF Shell Reference</A>
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| <a href="doc/gf-editor-modes.html">GF Editor Modes</a>
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| <a href="eclipse/index.html">GF Eclipse Plugin</a>
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| <A HREF="doc/gf-lrec-2010.pdf">LibTutorial</A>
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| <a href="http://hackage.haskell.org/packages/archive/gf/3.1.6.2/doc/html/PGF.html">PGF library API</a>
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| <A HREF="http://www.molto-project.eu">MOLTO</A>
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| <A HREF="http://school.grammaticalframework.org">SummerSchool</A><font size=-1 color=red><i>New!</i></font>
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| <A HREF="/android/">Android</A>
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]
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</div>
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</div>
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<H2>News</H2>
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<div class=news2>
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<table class=news>
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<tr><td>2013-06-24:<td>We are now running the IRC channel <strong><code>#gf</code></strong> on the Freenode network.
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<tr><td>2013-06-19:<td>New resource grammar language: Maltese.
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See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
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<tr><td>2013-04-25:<td>New resource grammar language: Greek.
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See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
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<tr><td>2013-01-31:<td><strong>GF 3.4 released!</strong>
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<a href="download/release-3.4.html">Release notes</a>.
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<tr><td>2012-12-10:<td>
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<a href="http://www.postcrashgames.com/gf_world/">Resource Grammar Library
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coverage map</a>, created by Tommi Nieminen.
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<tr><td>2012-11-18:<td>
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<A HREF="http://school.grammaticalframework.org/2013">GF Summer School</A>
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in Frauenchiemsee, 18-30 August 2013.
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<tr><td>2012-11-18:<td>New resource grammar language: Chinese.
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See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
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Complete but not yet perfect.
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<tr><td>2012-06-29:<td>GF sources now mirrored in GitHub, with change
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statistics and other browsing features.
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See <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/GF/"><tt>github.com/GrammaticalFramework/GF</tt></a>
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<tr><td>2012-05-07:<td>New resource grammar language: Japanese.
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See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
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<tr><td>2012-03-23:<td>There will be a
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<a href="gf-tutorial-icfp-2012/">GF tutorial at ICFP 2012</a>
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in Copenhagen.
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<tr><td>2012-03-03:<td><strong>GF 3.3.3 released!</strong>
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<a href="download/release-3.3.3.html">Release notes</a>.
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<!--
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<tr><td>2012-02-24:<td>New resource grammar languages: Hindi, Sindhi.
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See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
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<tr><td>2011-12-29:<td>New resource grammar languages: Latvian, Thai.
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See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
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<tr><td>2011-10-27:<td><strong>GF 3.3 released!</strong>
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<a href="download/release-3.3.html">Release notes</a>.
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<tr><td>2011-09-20:<td>There is now a page collecting
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<a href="doc/gf-editor-modes.html">editor modes for GF</a>.
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Contributions are welcome!
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<tr><td>2011-09-12:<td><strong>GF 3.2.9</strong> source snapshot with faster grammar compilation available. See <a href="download/index.html">Downloads</a>.
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<tr><td>2011-04-22:<td><a href="android/tutorial/">JPGF Android Tutorial</a> added.
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<tr><td>2011-04-15:<td>The <a href="gf-book">GF Book</a> is available.
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<tr><td>2011-01-13:<td><a href="http://www.molto-project.eu/node/1177">Phrasedroid
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available on the Android Market</a>.
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<tr><td>2011-01-04:<td>GF is part of the
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<a href="http://www.clt.gu.se/clt-toolkit">CLT Toolkit</a>.
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<tr><td>2010-12-23:<td><strong>GF 3.2 released!</strong>
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<a href="download/release-3.2.html">Release notes</a>.
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-->
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</table>
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</div>
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<H2>What is GF</H2>
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<P>
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GF, Grammatical Framework, is a programming language for
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<B>multilingual grammar applications</B>. It is
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI>a <B>special-purpose language for grammars</B>, like YACC, Bison, Happy, BNFC,
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but not restricted to programming languages
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<LI>a <B>functional language</B>, like Haskell, Lisp, OCaml, Scheme, SML,
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but specialized to grammar writing
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<LI>a <B>natural language processing framework</B>, like LKB, XLE, Regulus,
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but based on functional programming and type theory
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<LI>a <B>categorial grammar formalism</B>, like ACG, CCG,
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but different and equipped with different tools
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<LI>a <B>logical framework</B>, like Agda, Coq, Isabelle,
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but equipped with concrete syntax in addition to logic
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</UL>
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<P>
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Don't worry if you don't know most of the references above - but if you do know at
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least one, it may help you to get a first idea of what GF is.
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</P>
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<H2>Applications</H2>
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<P>
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GF can be used for building
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="http://grammaticalframework.org:41296">translation systems</A>
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<LI><A HREF="http://grammaticalframework.org:41296/minibar/minibar.html">multilingual web gadgets</A>
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<LI><A HREF="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~hallgren/Alfa/Tutorial/GFplugin.html">natural-language interfaces</A>
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<LI><A HREF="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bfaYHWS6zU">dialogue systems</A>
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<LI><A HREF="lib/doc/synopsis.html">natural language resources</A>
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</UL>
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<H2>Availability</H2>
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<P>
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GF is <B>open-source</B>, licensed under <A HREF="LICENSE">GPL</A> (the program) and
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<A HREF="./LICENSE">LGPL</A> and <A HREF="./LICENSE">BSD</A> (the libraries). It
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is available for
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI>Linux
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<LI>Mac OS X
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<LI>Windows
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<li>Android mobile platform (via Java; runtime)
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<LI>via compilation to JavaScript, almost any platform that has a web browser (runtime)
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</UL>
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<H2>Projects</H2>
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<P>
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GF was first created in 1998 at
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<A HREF="http://www.xrce.xerox.com/">Xerox Research Centre Europe</A>,
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Grenoble, in the project
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Multilingual Document Authoring. At Xerox, it was used for prototypes including
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a restaurant phrase book,
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a database query system,
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a formalization of an alarm system instructions with translations to 5 languages, and
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an authoring system for medical drug descriptions.
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</P>
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<P>
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Later projects using GF and involving third parties include, in chronological order,
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~hallgren/Alfa/Tutorial/GFplugin.html">GF-Alfa</A>:
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natural language interface to formal proofs
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<LI><A HREF="http://efficient.citi.tudor.lu/index_noframe.html">Efficient</A>:
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authoring tool for business models.
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<LI><A HREF="http://www.key-project.org/">GF-KeY</A>:
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authoring and translation of software specifications
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<LI><A HREF="http://www.talk-project.org">TALK</A>:
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multilingual and multimodal spoken dialogue systems
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<LI><A HREF="http://webalt.math.helsinki.fi/">WebALT</A>:
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multilingual generation of mathematical exercises (commercial project)
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<LI><A HREF="http://spraakbanken.gu.se/sal/">SALDO</A>:
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Swedish morphological dictionary based on rules developed for GF and
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<A HREF="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/alumni/markus/FM/">Functional Morphology</A>
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<LI><a href="http://www.molto-project.eu">MOLTO</a>:
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multilingual online translation.
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</UL>
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<P>
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Academically, GF has been used in four PhD theses and resulted in around
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fifty scientific publications (see <A HREF="doc/gf-bibliography.html">GF publication list</A>).
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</P>
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<H2>Programming in GF</H2>
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<P>
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GF is easy to learn by following the <A HREF="doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">tutorial</A>.
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You can write your first translator in 15 minutes.
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</P>
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<P>
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GF has an interactive command interpreter, as well as a batch compiler.
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Grammars can be compiled to parser and translator code in many different
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formats. These components can then be embedded in applications written
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in other programming languages. The formats currently supported are:
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI>Haskell
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<li>Java, in particular the Android platform
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<LI>JavaScript
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<LI>Speech recognition: HTK/ATK, Nuance, JSGF
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</UL>
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<P>
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The GF programming language is high-level and advanced, featuring
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI>static type checking
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<LI>higher-order functions
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<LI>dependent types
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<LI>pattern matching with data constructors and regular expressions
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<LI>module system with multiple inheritance and parametrized modules
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</UL>
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<h3>Getting help</h3>
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<p>
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If you need some help with GF, the first places to start are the <a href="doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">Tutorial</a> and <a href="doc/gf-refman.html">Reference</a> pages.
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The printed <a href="gf-book">book</a> contains all the material in the tutorial and some extra bits, and is the recommended reference for GF.
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</p>
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<p>
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We run the IRC channel <strong><code>#gf</code></strong> on the Freenode network, where you are welcome to look for help with small questions or just start a general discussion.
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If you have a larger question which the community may benefit from, we recommend you ask it on the <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-dev">mailing list</a>.
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</p>
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<H2>Libraries</H2>
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<P>
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Libraries are at the heart of modern software engineering. In natural language
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applications, libraries are a way to cope with thousands of details involved in
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syntax, lexicon, and inflection. The
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<A HREF="lib/doc/synopsis.html">GF resource grammar library</A> has
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support for an increasing number of languages, currently including
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</P>
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<OL>
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<LI>Afrikaans
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<LI>Amharic (partial)
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<LI>Arabic (partial)
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<LI>Bulgarian
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<LI>Catalan
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<LI>Chinese
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<LI>Danish
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<LI>Dutch
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<LI>English
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<LI>Finnish
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<LI>French
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<LI>German
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<li>Greek
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<li>Hebrew (fragments)
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<LI>Hindi
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<LI><A HREF="http://www.interlingua.com/">Interlingua</A>
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<LI>Japanese
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<LI>Italian
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<LI>Latin (fragments)
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<LI>Latvian
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<li>Maltese
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<LI>Nepali
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<LI>Norwegian bokmål
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<LI>Persian
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<LI>Polish
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<li>Punjabi
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<LI>Romanian
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<LI>Russian
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<LI>Sindhi
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<LI>Spanish
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<li>Swahili
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<LI>Swedish
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<LI>Thai
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<LI>Turkish (fragments)
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<LI>Urdu
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</OL>
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<P>
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Adding a language to the resource library takes 3 to 9
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months - contributions
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are welcome! You can start with the <A HREF="doc/gf-lrec-2010.pdf">resource grammarian's tutorial</A>.
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