forked from GitHub/gf-core
1134 lines
30 KiB
Plaintext
1134 lines
30 KiB
Plaintext
--# -path=.:../../prelude
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--1 A Simple Finnish Resource Morphology
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--
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-- Aarne Ranta 2002
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--
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-- This resource morphology contains definitions needed in the resource
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-- syntax. It moreover contains the most usual inflectional patterns.
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--
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-- We use the parameter types and word classes defined in $TypesFin.gf$.
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resource MorphoFin = TypesFin ** open Prelude in {
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--- flags optimize=noexpand ;
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--2 Nouns
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--
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oper
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-- worst-case macro
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mkSubst : Str -> (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> CommonNoun =
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\a,vesi,vede,vete,vetta,veteen,vetii,vesii,vesien,vesia,vesiin ->
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{s = table {
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NCase Sg Nom => vesi ;
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NCase Sg Gen => vede + "n" ;
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NCase Sg Part => vetta ;
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NCase Sg Transl => vede + "ksi" ;
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NCase Sg Ess => vete + ("n" + a) ;
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NCase Sg Iness => vede + ("ss" + a) ;
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NCase Sg Elat => vede + ("st" + a) ;
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NCase Sg Illat => veteen ;
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NCase Sg Adess => vede + ("ll" + a) ;
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NCase Sg Ablat => vede + ("lt" + a) ;
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NCase Sg Allat => vede + "lle" ;
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NCase Sg Abess => vede + ("tt" + a) ;
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NCase Pl Nom => vede + "t" ;
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NCase Pl Gen => vesien ;
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NCase Pl Part => vesia ;
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NCase Pl Transl => vesii + "ksi" ;
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NCase Pl Ess => vetii + ("n" + a) ;
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NCase Pl Iness => vesii + ("ss" + a) ;
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NCase Pl Elat => vesii + ("st" + a) ;
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NCase Pl Illat => vesiin ;
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NCase Pl Adess => vesii + ("ll" + a) ;
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NCase Pl Ablat => vesii + ("lt" + a) ;
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NCase Pl Allat => vesii + "lle" ;
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NCase Pl Abess => vesii + ("tt" + a) ;
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NComit => vetii + "ne" ;
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NInstruct => vesii + "n" ;
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NPossNom => vete ;
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NPossGenPl => Predef.tk 1 vesien ;
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NPossTransl Sg => vede + "kse" ;
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NPossTransl Pl => vesii + "kse" ;
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NPossIllat Sg => Predef.tk 1 veteen ;
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NPossIllat Pl => Predef.tk 1 vesiin
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}
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} ;
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-- A user-friendly variant takes existing forms and infers the vowel harmony.
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mkNoun : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> CommonNoun =
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\talo,talon,talona,taloa,taloon,taloina,taloissa,talojen,taloja,taloihin ->
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mkSubst (ifTok Str (Predef.dp 1 talona) "a" "a" "ä")
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talo (Predef.tk 1 talon) (Predef.tk 2 talona) taloa taloon
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(Predef.tk 2 taloina) (Predef.tk 3 taloissa) talojen taloja taloihin ;
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-- Here some useful special cases; more will be given in $paradigms.Fin.gf$.
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--
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-- Nouns with partitive "a"/"ä" ;
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-- to account for grade and vowel alternation, three forms are usually enough
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-- Examples: "talo", "kukko", "huippu", "koira", "kukka", "syylä",...
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sKukko : (_,_,_ : Str) -> CommonNoun = \kukko,kukon,kukkoja ->
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let {
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o = Predef.dp 1 kukko ;
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a = Predef.dp 1 kukkoja ;
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kukkoj = Predef.tk 1 kukkoja ;
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i = Predef.dp 1 kukkoj ;
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ifi = ifTok Str i "i" ;
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kukkoi = ifi kukkoj (Predef.tk 1 kukkoj) ;
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e = Predef.dp 1 kukkoi ;
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kukoi = Predef.tk 2 kukon + Predef.dp 1 kukkoi
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}
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in
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mkSubst a
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kukko
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(Predef.tk 1 kukon)
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kukko
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(kukko + a)
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(kukko + o + "n")
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(kukkoi + ifi "" "i")
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(kukoi + ifi "" "i")
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(ifTok Str e "e" (Predef.tk 1 kukkoi + "ien") (kukkoi + ifi "en" "jen"))
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kukkoja
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(kukkoi + ifi "in" "ihin") ;
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sLukko : Str -> CommonNoun = \lukko ->
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let
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o = last lukko ;
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lukk = init lukko ;
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a = getHarmony o ;
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lukkoja = case o of {
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"a" => lukk + if_then_Str (pbool2bool (Predef.occurs "ou" lukk)) "ia" "oja" ;
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"ä" => lukk + "iä" ;
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_ => lukko + "j" + a
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}
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in
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sKukko lukko (weakGrade lukko + "n") lukkoja ;
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-- The special case with no alternations.
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sTalo : Str -> CommonNoun = sLukko ;
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sBaari : Str -> CommonNoun = \baaria ->
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let
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baari = Predef.tk 1 baaria ;
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baar = Predef.tk 1 baari ;
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a = getHarmony (Predef.dp 1 baaria)
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in
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sKukko baari (weakGrade baari + "n") (baar + ("ej" + a)) ;
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sKorpi : (_,_,_ : Str) -> CommonNoun = \korpi,korven,korpena ->
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let {
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a = Predef.dp 1 korpena ;
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korpe = Predef.tk 2 korpena ;
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korve = Predef.tk 1 korven ;
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korvi = Predef.tk 1 korve + "i"
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}
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in
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mkSubst a
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korpi
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korve
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korpe
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(korpe + a)
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(korpe + "en")
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korpi
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korvi
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(korpi + "en")
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(korpi + a)
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(korpi + "in") ;
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sArpi : Str -> CommonNoun = \arpi ->
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sKorpi arpi (init (weakGrade arpi) + "en") (init arpi + "ena") ;
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sSylki : Str -> CommonNoun = \sylki ->
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sKorpi sylki (init (weakGrade sylki) + "en") (init sylki + "enä") ;
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sKoira : Str -> CommonNoun = \koira ->
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let a = getHarmony (last koira) in
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sKukko koira (koira + "n") (init koira + "i" + a) ;
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-- Loan words ending in consonants are actually similar to words like
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-- "malli"/"mallin"/"malleja", with the exception that the "i" is not attached
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-- to the singular nominative.
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sLinux : Str -> CommonNoun = \linuxia ->
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let {
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linux = Predef.tk 2 linuxia ;
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a = getHarmony (Predef.dp 1 linuxia) ;
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linuxi = linux + "i"
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} in
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mkSubst a
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linux
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linuxi
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linuxi
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(linuxi + a)
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(linuxi + "in")
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(linux + "ei")
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(linux + "ei")
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(linux + "ien")
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(linux + "ej" + a)
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(linux + "eihin") ;
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-- Nouns of at least 3 syllables ending with "a" or "ä", like "peruna", "rytinä".
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sPeruna : Str -> CommonNoun = \peruna ->
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let {
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a = Predef.dp 1 peruna ;
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perun = Predef.tk 1 peruna ;
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perunoi = perun + (ifTok Str a "a" "o" "ö" + "i")
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}
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in
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mkSubst a
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peruna
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peruna
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peruna
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(peruna + a)
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(peruna + a + "n")
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perunoi
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perunoi
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(perunoi + "den")
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(perunoi + ("t" + a))
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(perunoi + "hin") ;
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sTohtori : Str -> CommonNoun = \tohtoria ->
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let
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a = last tohtoria ;
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tohtori = init tohtoria ;
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tohtorei = init tohtori + "ei" ;
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in
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mkSubst a
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tohtori
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tohtori
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tohtori
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tohtoria
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(tohtori + "in")
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tohtorei
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tohtorei
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(tohtorei + "den")
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(tohtorei + "t" + a)
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(tohtorei + "hin") ;
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sRadio : Str -> CommonNoun = \radio ->
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let
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o = last radio ;
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a = getHarmony o ;
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radioi = radio + "i" ;
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in
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mkSubst a
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radio
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radio
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radio
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(radio + "t" + a)
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(radio + o + "n")
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radioi
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radioi
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(radioi + "den")
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(radioi + "t" + a)
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(radioi + "hin") ;
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-- Surpraisingly, making the test for the partitive, this not only covers
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-- "rae", "perhe", "savuke", but also "rengas", "lyhyt" (except $Sg Illat$), etc.
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sRae : (_,_ : Str) -> CommonNoun = \rae,rakeena ->
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let {
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a = Predef.dp 1 rakeena ;
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rakee = Predef.tk 2 rakeena ;
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rakei = Predef.tk 1 rakee + "i" ;
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raet = rae + (ifTok Str (Predef.dp 1 rae) "e" "t" [])
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}
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in
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mkSubst a
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rae
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rakee
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rakee
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(raet + ("t" + a))
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(rakee + "seen")
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rakei
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rakei
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(rakei + "den")
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(rakei + ("t" + a))
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(rakei + "siin") ;
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sSusi : (_,_,_ : Str) -> CommonNoun = \susi,suden,sutena ->
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let
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a = Predef.dp 1 sutena ;
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sude = Predef.tk 1 suden ;
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sute = Predef.tk 2 sutena ;
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sutt = Predef.tk 1 sute + "t"
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in
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mkSubst a
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susi
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sude
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sute
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(sutt + a)
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(sute + "en")
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susi
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susi
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(sutt + "en") --- var susi + "en" bad with suuri
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(susi + a)
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(susi + "in") ;
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sPuu : Str -> CommonNoun = \puu ->
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let {
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u = Predef.dp 1 puu ;
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a = getHarmony u ;
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pu = Predef.tk 1 puu ;
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pui = pu + "i"
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}
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in
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mkSubst a
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puu
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puu
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puu
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(puu + ("t" + a))
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(puu + ("h" + u + "n"))
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pui
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pui
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(pui + "den")
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(pui + ("t" + a))
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(pui + "hin") ;
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sSuo : Str -> CommonNoun = \suo ->
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let {
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o = Predef.dp 1 suo ;
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a = getHarmony o ;
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soi = Predef.tk 2 suo + (o + "i")
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}
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in
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mkSubst a
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suo
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suo
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suo
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(suo + ("t" + a))
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(suo + ("h" + o + "n"))
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soi
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soi
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(soi + "den")
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(soi + ("t" + a))
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(soi + "hin") ;
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-- Here in fact it is handy to use the partitive form as the only stem.
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sNainen : Str -> CommonNoun = \naista ->
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let {
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nainen = Predef.tk 3 naista + "nen" ;
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nais = Predef.tk 2 naista ;
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naise = nais + "e" ;
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naisi = nais + "i" ;
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a = Predef.dp 1 naista
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}
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in
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mkSubst a
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nainen
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naise
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naise
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(nais + ("t" + a))
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(nais + "een")
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naisi
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naisi
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(nais + "ten")
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(nais + ("i" + a))
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(nais + "iin") ;
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-- The following covers: "tilaus", "kaulin", "paimen", "laidun", "sammal",
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-- "kyynel" (excep $Sg Iness$ for the last two?).
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sTilaus : (_,_ : Str) -> CommonNoun = \tilaus, tilauksena ->
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let {
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tilauks = Predef.tk 3 tilauksena ;
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tilaukse = tilauks + "e" ;
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tilauksi = tilauks + "i" ;
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a = Predef.dp 1 tilauksena
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}
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in
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mkSubst a
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tilaus
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tilaukse
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tilaukse
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(tilaus + ("t" + a))
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(tilauks + "een")
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tilauksi
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tilauksi
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(tilaus + "ten")
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(tilauks + ("i" + a))
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(tilauks + "iin") ;
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-- Some words have the three grades ("rakkaus","rakkauden","rakkautena"), which
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-- are however derivable from the stem.
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sRakkaus : Str -> CommonNoun = \rakkaus ->
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let {
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rakkau = Predef.tk 1 rakkaus ;
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rakkaut = rakkau + "t" ;
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rakkaute = rakkau + "te" ;
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rakkaude = rakkau + "de" ;
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rakkauksi = rakkau + "ksi" ;
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u = Predef.dp 1 rakkau ;
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a = ifTok Str u "u" "a" "ä"
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}
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in
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mkSubst a
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rakkaus
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rakkaude
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rakkaute
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(rakkaut + ("t" + a))
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(rakkaut + "een")
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rakkauksi
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rakkauksi
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(rakkauksi + "en")
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(rakkauksi + a)
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(rakkauksi + "in") ;
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-- The following covers nouns like "nauris" and adjectives like "kallis", "tyyris".
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sNauris : (_ : Str) -> CommonNoun = \naurista ->
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let {
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a = Predef.dp 1 naurista ;
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nauris = Predef.tk 2 naurista ;
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nauri = Predef.tk 3 naurista ;
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i = Predef.dp 1 nauri ;
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naurii = nauri + i ;
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naurei = nauri + "i"
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}
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in
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mkSubst a
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nauris
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naurii
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naurii
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(nauris + ("t" + a))
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(naurii + "seen")
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naurei
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naurei
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(naurei + "den")
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(naurei + ("t" + a))
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(naurei + "siin") ;
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-- Words of the form "siitin", "avain".
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sLiitin : Str -> CommonNoun = \liitin ->
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let
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liitti = strongGrade (init liitin) ;
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liittime = liitti + "me" ;
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a = if_then_Str (pbool2bool (Predef.occurs "aou" liitin)) "a" "ä"
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in
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mkSubst a
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liitin
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liittime
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liittime
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(liitin + "t" + a)
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(liittime + "en")
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(liitti + "mi")
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(liitti + "mi")
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(liitti + "mien")
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(liitti + "mi" + a)
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(liitti + "miin") ;
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-- The following covers adjectives like "kapea", "leveä".
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sKapea : (_ : Str) -> CommonNoun = \kapea ->
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let
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a = last kapea ;
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kape = init kapea ;
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kapei = kape + "i"
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in
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mkSubst a
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kapea
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kapea
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kapea
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(kapea + a)
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(kapea + a+"n")
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kapei
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kapei
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(kapei + "den")
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(kapei + ("t" + a))
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(kapei + "siin") ;
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-- The following two are used for adjective comparison.
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sSuurempi : Str -> CommonNoun = \suurempaa ->
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let {
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a = Predef.dp 1 suurempaa ;
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suure = Predef.tk 4 suurempaa ;
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suurempi = suure + "mpi" ;
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suurempa = suure + ("mp" + a) ;
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suuremm = suure + "mm"
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}
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in
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mkSubst a
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suurempi
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(suuremm + a)
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suurempa
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(suurempa + a)
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(suurempa + (a + "n"))
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suurempi
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(suuremm + "i")
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(suurempi + "en")
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(suurempi + a)
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(suurempi + "in") ;
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sSuurin : Str -> CommonNoun = \suurinta ->
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let {
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a = Predef.dp 1 suurinta ;
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suuri = Predef.tk 3 suurinta ;
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suurin = suuri + "n" ;
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suurimma = suuri + ("mm" + a) ;
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suurimpa = suuri + ("mp" + a) ;
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suurimpi = suuri + "mpi" ;
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suurimmi = suuri + "mmi"
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}
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in
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mkSubst a
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suurin
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suurimma
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suurimpa
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(suurin + ("t" + a))
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(suurimpa + (a + "n"))
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suurimpi
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suurimmi
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(suurimpi + "en")
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(suurimpi + a)
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(suurimpi + "in") ;
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-- This auxiliary resolves vowel harmony from a given letter.
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getHarmony : Str -> Str = \u -> case u of {
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"a" => "a" ;
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"o" => "a" ;
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"u" => "a" ;
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_ => "ä"
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} ;
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-- The following function defines how grade alternation works if it is active.
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-- In general, *whether there is* grade alternation must be given in the lexicon
|
|
-- (cf. "auto - auton" not "audon"; "vihje - vihjeen" not "vihkeen").
|
|
|
|
weakGrade : Str -> Str = \kukko ->
|
|
let {
|
|
kukk = init kukko ;
|
|
ku = Predef.tk 3 kukko ;
|
|
kul = Predef.tk 2 kukko ;
|
|
kk = init (Predef.dp 3 kukko) ;
|
|
k = last kk ;
|
|
o = last kukko ;
|
|
kuk = case kk of {
|
|
"kk" => ku + "k" ;
|
|
"pp" => ku + "p" ;
|
|
"tt" => ku + "t" ;
|
|
"nk" => ku + "ng" ;
|
|
"nt" => ku + "nn" ;
|
|
"mp" => ku + "mm" ;
|
|
"rt" => ku + "rr" ;
|
|
"lt" => ku + "ll" ;
|
|
"lk" => kul + case o of {
|
|
"i" | "e" => "j" ;
|
|
_ => ""
|
|
} ;
|
|
"rk" => kul + case o of {
|
|
"i" | "e" => "j" ;
|
|
_ => ""
|
|
} ;
|
|
"hk" | "tk" => kukk ; -- *tahko-tahon, *pitkä-pitkän
|
|
"sk" => kukk ; -- *lasku-lasvun
|
|
"sp" => kukk ; -- *raspi-rasvin
|
|
"st" => kukk ; -- *lastu-lasdun
|
|
_ => case k of {
|
|
"k" => case o of {
|
|
"u" => kul + "v" ;
|
|
_ => kul
|
|
};
|
|
"p" => kul + "v" ;
|
|
"t" => kul + "d" ;
|
|
_ => kukk
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
in kuk + o ;
|
|
|
|
--- This is only used to analyse nouns "rae", "hake", etc.
|
|
|
|
strongGrade : Str -> Str = \hake ->
|
|
let
|
|
hak = init hake ;
|
|
ha = init hak ;
|
|
k = last hak ;
|
|
e = last hake ;
|
|
ly = Predef.tk 2 hak ;
|
|
hd = Predef.dp 2 hak ;
|
|
ifE : Str -> Str = \hant -> ifTok Str e "e" hant hak ;
|
|
hakk =
|
|
case hd of {
|
|
"ng" => ha + "k" ;
|
|
"nn" => ha + "t" ;
|
|
"mm" => ha + "p" ;
|
|
"rr" => ha + "t" ;
|
|
"ll" => ha + "t" ;
|
|
"lj" => ifE (ha + "k") ; -- paljas-paljaan
|
|
"hk" | "sk" | "sp" | "st" => hak ;
|
|
_ => -- vihje/pohje: impossible to infer
|
|
case k of {
|
|
"k" => hak + "k" ;
|
|
"p" => hak + "p" ;
|
|
"t" => hak + "t" ;
|
|
"d" => ha + "t" ;
|
|
"v" => ha + "p" ; -- rove/hyve impossible
|
|
"a" | "ä" => hak + "k" ;
|
|
_ => hak
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
in hakk + e ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
--3 Proper names
|
|
--
|
|
-- Proper names are similar to common nouns in the singular.
|
|
|
|
mkProperName : CommonNoun -> ProperName = \jussi ->
|
|
{s = \\c => jussi.s ! NCase Sg c} ;
|
|
|
|
--2 Pronouns
|
|
--
|
|
-- Here we define personal and relative pronouns.
|
|
|
|
mkPronoun : (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Number -> Person -> Pronoun =
|
|
\mina, minun, minua, minuna, minuun, n, p ->
|
|
let {
|
|
minu = Predef.tk 2 minuna ;
|
|
a = Predef.dp 1 minuna
|
|
} in
|
|
{s = table {
|
|
PCase Nom => mina ;
|
|
PCase Gen => minun ;
|
|
PCase Part => minua ;
|
|
PCase Transl => minu + "ksi" ;
|
|
PCase Ess => minuna ;
|
|
PCase Iness => minu + ("ss" + a) ;
|
|
PCase Elat => minu + ("st" + a) ;
|
|
PCase Illat => minuun ;
|
|
PCase Adess => minu + ("ll" + a) ;
|
|
PCase Ablat => minu + ("lt" + a) ;
|
|
PCase Allat => minu + "lle" ;
|
|
PCase Abess => minu + ("tt" + a) ;
|
|
PAcc => Predef.tk 1 minun + "t"
|
|
} ;
|
|
n = n ; p = p} ;
|
|
|
|
pronMina = mkPronoun "minä" "minun" "minua" "minuna" "minuun" Sg P1 ;
|
|
pronSina = mkPronoun "sinä" "sinun" "sinua" "sinuna" "sinuun" Sg P2 ;
|
|
pronHan = mkPronoun "hän" "hänen" "häntä" "hänenä" "häneen" Sg P3 ;
|
|
pronMe = mkPronoun "me" "meidän" "meitä" "meinä" "meihin" Pl P1 ;
|
|
pronTe = mkPronoun "te" "teidän" "teitä" "teinä" "teihin" Pl P2 ;
|
|
pronHe = mkPronoun "he" "heidän" "heitä" "heinä" "heihin" Pl P3 ;
|
|
pronNe = mkPronoun "ne" "niiden" "niitä" "niinä" "niihin" Pl P3 ;
|
|
|
|
pronTama = mkPronoun "tämä" "tämän" "tätä" "tänä" "tähän" Sg P3 ;
|
|
pronNama = mkPronoun "nämä" "näiden" "näitä" "näinä" "näihin" Pl P3 ;
|
|
pronTuo = mkPronoun "tuo" "tuon" "tuota" "tuona" "tuohon" Sg P3 ;
|
|
pronNuo = mkPronoun "nuo" "noiden" "noita" "noina" "noihin" Pl P3 ;
|
|
|
|
-- The non-human pronoun "se" ('it') is even more irregular,
|
|
-- Its accusative cases do not
|
|
-- have a special form with "t", but have the normal genitive/nominative variation.
|
|
-- We use the type $ProperName$ for "se", because of the accusative but also
|
|
-- because the person and number are as for proper names.
|
|
|
|
pronSe : ProperName = {
|
|
s = table {
|
|
Nom => "se" ;
|
|
Gen => "sen" ;
|
|
Part => "sitä" ;
|
|
Transl => "siksi" ;
|
|
Ess => "sinä" ;
|
|
Iness => "siinä" ;
|
|
Elat => "siitä" ;
|
|
Illat => "siihen" ;
|
|
Adess => "sillä" ;
|
|
Ablat => "siltä" ;
|
|
Allat => "sille" ;
|
|
Abess => "sittä"
|
|
} ;
|
|
} ;
|
|
|
|
-- The possessive suffixes will be needed in syntax. It will show up
|
|
-- as a separate word ("auto &+ ni"), which needs unlexing. Unlexing also
|
|
-- has to fix the vowel harmony in cases like "äiti &+ nsä".
|
|
|
|
suff : Str -> Str = \ni -> ni ;
|
|
|
|
possSuffix : Number => Person => Str = \\n,p =>
|
|
suff (case <n,p> of {
|
|
<Sg,P1> => "ni" ;
|
|
<Sg,P2> => "si" ;
|
|
<Sg,P3> => "nsa" ;
|
|
<Pl,P1> => "mme" ;
|
|
<Pl,P2> => "nne" ;
|
|
<Pl,P3> => "nsa"
|
|
} ) ;
|
|
|
|
-- The relative pronoun, "joka", is inflected in case and number,
|
|
-- like common nouns, but it does not take possessive suffixes.
|
|
-- The inflextion shows a surprising similarity with "suo".
|
|
|
|
relPron : RelPron =
|
|
let {jo = sSuo "jo"} in {s =
|
|
table {
|
|
Sg => table {
|
|
Nom => "joka" ;
|
|
Gen => "jonka" ;
|
|
c => jo.s ! NCase Sg c
|
|
} ;
|
|
Pl => table {
|
|
Nom => "jotka" ;
|
|
c => "j" + (jo.s ! NCase Pl c)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
} ;
|
|
|
|
mikaInt : Number => Case => Str =
|
|
let {
|
|
mi = sSuo "mi"
|
|
} in
|
|
table {
|
|
Sg => table {
|
|
Nom => "mikä" ;
|
|
Gen => "minkä" ;
|
|
c => mi.s ! NCase Sg c
|
|
} ;
|
|
Pl => table {
|
|
Nom => "mitkä" ;
|
|
Gen => "mittenkä" ;
|
|
c => mi.s ! NCase Sg c
|
|
}
|
|
} ;
|
|
|
|
kukaInt : Number => Case => Str =
|
|
let {
|
|
ku = sRae "kuka" "kenenä" ;
|
|
ket = sRae "kuka" "keinä"} in
|
|
table {
|
|
Sg => table {
|
|
Nom => "kuka" ;
|
|
Part => "ketä" ;
|
|
Illat => "keneen" ;
|
|
c => ku.s ! NCase Sg c
|
|
} ;
|
|
Pl => table {
|
|
Nom => "ketkä" ;
|
|
Illat => "keihin" ;
|
|
c => ket.s ! NCase Pl c
|
|
}
|
|
} ;
|
|
|
|
mikaanPron : Number => Case => Str = \\n,c =>
|
|
case <n,c> of {
|
|
<Sg,Nom> => "mikään" ;
|
|
<_,Part> => "mitään" ;
|
|
<Sg,Gen> => "minkään" ;
|
|
<Pl,Nom> => "mitkään" ;
|
|
<Pl,Gen> => "mittenkään" ;
|
|
<_,Ess> => "minään" ;
|
|
<_,Iness> => "missään" ;
|
|
<_,Elat> => "mistään" ;
|
|
<_,Adess> => "millään" ;
|
|
<_,Ablat> => "miltään" ;
|
|
_ => mikaInt ! n ! c + "kään"
|
|
} ;
|
|
|
|
kukaanPron : Number => Case => Str =
|
|
table {
|
|
Sg => table {
|
|
Nom => "kukaan" ;
|
|
Part => "ketään" ;
|
|
Ess => "kenään" ;
|
|
Iness => "kessään" ;
|
|
Elat => "kestään" ;
|
|
Illat => "kehenkään" ;
|
|
Adess => "kellään" ;
|
|
Ablat => "keltään" ;
|
|
c => kukaInt ! Sg ! c + "kään"
|
|
} ;
|
|
Pl => table {
|
|
Nom => "ketkään" ;
|
|
Part => "keitään" ;
|
|
Ess => "keinään" ;
|
|
Iness => "keissään" ;
|
|
Elat => "keistään" ;
|
|
Adess => "keillään" ;
|
|
Ablat => "keiltään" ;
|
|
c => kukaInt ! Pl ! c + "kään"
|
|
}
|
|
} ;
|
|
|
|
jokuPron : Number => Case => Str =
|
|
let
|
|
ku = sPuu "ku" ;
|
|
kui = sPuu "kuu"
|
|
in
|
|
table {
|
|
Sg => table {
|
|
Nom => "joku" ;
|
|
Gen => "jonkun" ;
|
|
c => relPron.s ! Sg ! c + ku.s ! NCase Sg c
|
|
} ;
|
|
Pl => table {
|
|
Nom => "jotkut" ;
|
|
c => relPron.s ! Pl ! c + kui.s ! NCase Pl c
|
|
}
|
|
} ;
|
|
|
|
jokinPron : Number => Case => Str =
|
|
table {
|
|
Sg => table {
|
|
Nom => "jokin" ;
|
|
Gen => "jonkin" ;
|
|
c => relPron.s ! Sg ! c + "kin"
|
|
} ;
|
|
Pl => table {
|
|
Nom => "jotkin" ;
|
|
c => relPron.s ! Pl ! c + "kin"
|
|
}
|
|
} ;
|
|
|
|
moniPron : Case => Str = caseTable singular (sSusi "moni" "monen" "monena") ;
|
|
|
|
caseTable : Number -> CommonNoun -> Case => Str = \n,cn ->
|
|
\\c => cn.s ! NCase n c ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
--2 Adjectives
|
|
--
|
|
-- To form an adjective, it is usually enough to give a noun declension: the
|
|
-- adverbial form is regular.
|
|
|
|
noun2adj : CommonNoun -> Adjective = noun2adjComp True ;
|
|
|
|
noun2adjComp : Bool -> CommonNoun -> Adjective = \isPos,tuore ->
|
|
let
|
|
tuoreesti = Predef.tk 1 (tuore.s ! NCase Sg Gen) + "sti" ;
|
|
tuoreemmin = Predef.tk 2 (tuore.s ! NCase Sg Gen) + "in"
|
|
in {s = table {
|
|
AN f => tuore.s ! f ;
|
|
AAdv => if_then_Str isPos tuoreesti tuoreemmin
|
|
}
|
|
} ;
|
|
|
|
-- For the comparison of adjectives, three noun declensions
|
|
-- are needed in the worst case.
|
|
|
|
mkAdjDegr : (_,_,_ : Adjective) -> AdjDegr = \hyva,parempi,paras ->
|
|
{s = table {
|
|
Pos => hyva.s ;
|
|
Comp => parempi.s ;
|
|
Sup => paras.s
|
|
}
|
|
} ;
|
|
|
|
-- However, it is usually enough to give the positive declension and
|
|
-- the characteristic forms of comparative and superlative.
|
|
|
|
regAdjDegr : CommonNoun -> Str -> Str -> AdjDegr = \kiva, kivempaa, kivinta ->
|
|
mkAdjDegr
|
|
(noun2adj kiva)
|
|
(noun2adjComp False (sSuurempi kivempaa))
|
|
(noun2adjComp False (sSuurin kivinta)) ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
--3 Verbs
|
|
--
|
|
-- The present, past, conditional. and infinitive stems, acc. to Koskenniemi.
|
|
-- Unfortunately not enough (without complicated processes).
|
|
-- We moreover give grade alternation forms as arguments, since it does not
|
|
-- happen automatically.
|
|
--- A problem remains with the verb "seistä", where the infinitive
|
|
--- stem has vowel harmony "ä" but the others "a", thus "seisoivat" but "seiskää".
|
|
|
|
|
|
mkVerb : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Verb =
|
|
\tulla,tulee,tulen,tulevat,tulkaa,tullaan,tuli,tulin,tulisi,tullut,tultu,tullun ->
|
|
let
|
|
tuje = init tulen ;
|
|
tuji = init tulin ;
|
|
a = Predef.dp 1 tulkaa ;
|
|
tulleena = Predef.tk 2 tullut + ("een" + a) ;
|
|
tulleen = (sRae tullut tulleena).s ;
|
|
tullun = (sKukko tultu tullun (tultu + ("j"+a))).s ;
|
|
vat = "v" + a + "t"
|
|
in
|
|
{s = table {
|
|
Inf => tulla ;
|
|
Pres Sg P1 => tuje + "n" ;
|
|
Pres Sg P2 => tuje + "t" ;
|
|
Pres Sg P3 => tulee ;
|
|
Pres Pl P1 => tuje + "mme" ;
|
|
Pres Pl P2 => tuje + "tte" ;
|
|
Pres Pl P3 => tulevat ;
|
|
Impf Sg P1 => tuji + "n" ;
|
|
Impf Sg P2 => tuji + "t" ;
|
|
Impf Sg P3 => tuli ;
|
|
Impf Pl P1 => tuji + "mme" ;
|
|
Impf Pl P2 => tuji + "tte" ;
|
|
Impf Pl P3 => tuli + vat ;
|
|
Cond Sg P1 => tulisi + "n" ;
|
|
Cond Sg P2 => tulisi + "t" ;
|
|
Cond Sg P3 => tulisi ;
|
|
Cond Pl P1 => tulisi + "mme" ;
|
|
Cond Pl P2 => tulisi + "tte" ;
|
|
Cond Pl P3 => tulisi + vat ;
|
|
Imper Sg => tuje ;
|
|
Imper Pl => tulkaa ;
|
|
ImpNegPl => Predef.tk 2 tulkaa + (ifTok Str a "a" "o" "ö") ;
|
|
Pass True => tullaan ;
|
|
Pass False => Predef.tk 2 tullaan ;
|
|
PastPartAct n => tulleen ! n ;
|
|
PastPartPass n => tullun ! n
|
|
}
|
|
} ;
|
|
|
|
-- For "harppoa", "hukkua", "löytyä", with grade alternation.
|
|
|
|
vHukkua : (_,_ : Str) -> Verb = \hukkua,huku ->
|
|
let {
|
|
a = Predef.dp 1 hukkua ;
|
|
hukku = Predef.tk 1 hukkua ;
|
|
u = Predef.dp 1 huku ;
|
|
i = case u of {
|
|
"e" | "i" => [] ;
|
|
_ => u
|
|
} ;
|
|
y = case a of {
|
|
"a" => "u" ;
|
|
_ => "y"
|
|
} ;
|
|
hukkui = init hukku + i + "i" ;
|
|
hukui = init huku + i + "i" ;
|
|
} in
|
|
mkVerb
|
|
hukkua
|
|
(hukku + u)
|
|
(huku + "n")
|
|
(hukku + "v" + a + "t")
|
|
(hukku + (("k" + a) + a))
|
|
(huku + ((("t" + a) + a) + "n"))
|
|
(hukkui)
|
|
(hukui + "n")
|
|
(hukkui + "si")
|
|
(hukku + "n" + y + "t")
|
|
(huku + "tt" + y)
|
|
(huku + "t" + y + "t") ;
|
|
|
|
-- For cases with or without alternation: "sanoa", "valua", "kysyä".
|
|
|
|
vSanoa : Str -> Verb = \sanoa ->
|
|
vHukkua sanoa (Predef.tk 1 sanoa) ;
|
|
---- vHukkua sanoa (weakGrade (Predef.tk 1 sanoa)) ;
|
|
---- The gfr file becomes 6* bigger if this change is done
|
|
|
|
-- For "ottaa", "käyttää", "löytää", "huoltaa", "hiihtää", "siirtää".
|
|
|
|
vHuoltaa : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Verb = \ottaa,otan,otti,otin ->
|
|
let {
|
|
a = Predef.dp 1 ottaa ;
|
|
aa = a + a ;
|
|
u = case a of {"a" => "u" ; _ => "y"} ;
|
|
ota = Predef.tk 1 otan ;
|
|
otta = Predef.tk 1 ottaa ;
|
|
ote = Predef.tk 1 ota + "e"
|
|
} in
|
|
mkVerb
|
|
ottaa
|
|
ottaa
|
|
otan
|
|
(otta + "v" + a + "t")
|
|
(otta + "k" + aa)
|
|
(ote + "t" + aa + "n")
|
|
otti
|
|
otin
|
|
(otta + "isi")
|
|
(otta + "n" + u + "t")
|
|
(ote + "tt" + u)
|
|
(ote + "t" + u + "n") ;
|
|
|
|
-- For cases where grade alternation is not affected by the imperfect "i".
|
|
|
|
vOttaa : (_,_ : Str) -> Verb = \ottaa,otan ->
|
|
let
|
|
i = "i" ; --- wrong rule if_then_Str (pbool2bool (Predef.occurs "ou" ottaa)) "i" "oi"
|
|
in
|
|
vHuoltaa ottaa otan (Predef.tk 2 ottaa + i) (Predef.tk 2 otan + i + "n") ;
|
|
|
|
-- For "poistaa", "ryystää".
|
|
|
|
vPoistaa : Str -> Verb = \poistaa ->
|
|
vOttaa poistaa ((Predef.tk 1 poistaa + "n")) ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
-- For "osata", "lisätä"; grade alternation is unpredictable, as seen
|
|
-- from "pelätä-pelkäsi" vs. "palata-palasi"
|
|
|
|
|
|
vOsata : Str -> Verb = \osata ->
|
|
vPalkata osata (Predef.tk 2 osata + "si") ;
|
|
|
|
vPalkata : Str -> Str -> Verb = \palkata,palkkasi ->
|
|
let
|
|
a = Predef.dp 1 palkata ;
|
|
palka = Predef.tk 2 palkata ;
|
|
palkka = Predef.tk 2 palkkasi ;
|
|
u = case a of {"a" => "u" ; _ => "y"}
|
|
in
|
|
mkVerb
|
|
palkata
|
|
(palkka + a)
|
|
(palkka + (a + "n"))
|
|
(palkka + (((a + "v") + a) + "t"))
|
|
(palka + ((("t" + "k") + a) + a))
|
|
(palkata + (a + "n"))
|
|
(palkka + "si")
|
|
(palkka + "sin")
|
|
(palkka + "isi")
|
|
(palka + "nn" + u + "t")
|
|
(palka + "tt" + u)
|
|
(palka + "t" + u + "n") ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
----- tulla,tulee,tulen,tulevat,tulkaa,tullaan,tuli,tulin,tulisi,tullut,tultu,tullun
|
|
|
|
-- For "juosta", "piestä", "nousta", "rangaista", "kävellä", "surra", "panna".
|
|
|
|
vJuosta : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Verb = \juosta,juoksen,juossut,juostu ->
|
|
let
|
|
a = Predef.dp 1 juosta ;
|
|
t = last (init juosta) ;
|
|
juokse = Predef.tk 1 juoksen ;
|
|
juoksi = Predef.tk 2 juoksen + "i" ;
|
|
juos = Predef.tk 2 juosta ;
|
|
juostun = ifTok Str t "t" (juostu + "n") (init juossut + "n") ;
|
|
in
|
|
mkVerb
|
|
juosta
|
|
(juokse + "e")
|
|
juoksen
|
|
(juokse + (("v" + a) + "t"))
|
|
(juos + (("k" + a) + a))
|
|
(juosta + (a + "n"))
|
|
juoksi
|
|
(juoksi + "n")
|
|
(juoksi + "si")
|
|
juossut
|
|
juostu
|
|
juostun ;
|
|
|
|
-- For "juoda", "syödä", "viedä", "naida", "saada".
|
|
|
|
vJuoda : (_,_ : Str) -> Verb = \juoda, joi ->
|
|
let
|
|
a = Predef.dp 1 juoda ;
|
|
juo = Predef.tk 2 juoda ;
|
|
u = case a of {"a" => "u" ; _ => "y"}
|
|
in
|
|
mkVerb
|
|
juoda
|
|
juo
|
|
(juo + "n")
|
|
(juo + (("v" + a) + "t"))
|
|
(juo + (("k" + a) + a))
|
|
(juoda + (a + "n"))
|
|
joi
|
|
(joi + "n")
|
|
(joi + "si")
|
|
(juo + "n" + u + "t")
|
|
(juo + "t" + u)
|
|
(juo + "d" + u + "n") ;
|
|
|
|
verbOlla : Verb =
|
|
mkVerb
|
|
"olla" "on" "olen" "ovat" "olkaa" "ollaan"
|
|
"oli" "olin" "olisi" "ollut" "oltu" "ollun" ;
|
|
|
|
-- The negating operator "ei" is actually a verb, which has present
|
|
-- active indicative and imperative forms, but no infinitive.
|
|
|
|
verbEi : Verb =
|
|
let ei =
|
|
mkVerb
|
|
"ei" "ei" "en" "eivät" "älkää"
|
|
"ei" "e" "en" "e" "ei" "ei" "ei"
|
|
in
|
|
{s = table {
|
|
Imper Sg => "älä" ;
|
|
Impf n p | Cond n p => ei.s ! Pres n p ;
|
|
v => ei.s ! v
|
|
}
|
|
} ;
|
|
|
|
--2 Some structural words
|
|
|
|
kuinConj = "kuin" ;
|
|
|
|
conjEtta = "että" ;
|
|
advSiten = "siten" ;
|
|
|
|
mikakukaInt : Gender => Number => Case => Str =
|
|
table {
|
|
NonHuman => mikaInt ;
|
|
Human => kukaInt
|
|
} ;
|
|
|
|
kaikkiPron : Number -> Case => Str = \n ->
|
|
let {kaiket = caseTable n (sKorpi "kaikki" "kaiken" "kaikkena")} in
|
|
table {
|
|
Nom => "kaikki" ;
|
|
c => kaiket ! c
|
|
} ;
|
|
|
|
stopPunct = "." ;
|
|
commaPunct = "," ;
|
|
questPunct = "?" ;
|
|
exclPunct = "!" ;
|
|
|
|
koPart = suff "ko" ;
|
|
|
|
-- For $NumeralsFin$.
|
|
|
|
param NumPlace = NumIndep | NumAttr ;
|
|
|
|
oper
|
|
yksiN = mkSubst "ä" "yksi" "yhde" "yhte" "yhtä" "yhteen" "yksi" "yksi"
|
|
"yksien" "yksiä" "yksiin" ;
|
|
kymmenenN = mkSubst "ä" "kymmenen" "kymmene" "kymmene" "kymmentä"
|
|
"kymmeneen" "kymmeni" "kymmeni" "kymmenien" "kymmeniä"
|
|
"kymmeniin" ;
|
|
sataN = sLukko "sata" ;
|
|
|
|
tuhatN = mkSubst "a" "tuhat" "tuhanne" "tuhante" "tuhatta" "tuhanteen"
|
|
"tuhansi" "tuhansi" "tuhansien" "tuhansia" "tuhansiin" ;
|
|
|
|
kymmentaN = {s = table {
|
|
NCase Sg Nom => "kymmentä" ;
|
|
c => kymmenenN.s ! c
|
|
}
|
|
} ;
|
|
sataaN = {s = table {
|
|
Sg => sataN.s ;
|
|
Pl => table {
|
|
NCase Sg Nom => "sataa" ;
|
|
c => sataN.s ! c
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
} ;
|
|
tuhattaN = {s = table {
|
|
Sg => tuhatN.s ;
|
|
Pl => table {
|
|
NCase Sg Nom => "tuhatta" ;
|
|
c => tuhatN.s ! c
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
} ;
|
|
} ;
|