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<title>GF - Grammatical Framework</title>
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<h1 class="display-3" style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 5px #999;">Grammatical Framework</h1>
<h4 class="text-black-50">A programming language for multilingual grammar applications</h4>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-3 offset-md-1">
<h2>Use</h2>
<a href="download/index.html" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">
<i class="fas fa-download mr-1"></i>
Download GF
</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://cloud.grammaticalframework.org/">GF Cloud</a></li>
<!-- <li><a href="demos/index.html">Other Demos</a></li> -->
</ul>
<h4>Community</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-dev">User Group</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/issues">Issue Tracker</a></li>
<li><a href="http://school.grammaticalframework.org/2018/">Summer School</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4">
<h2>Learn</h2>
<a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">
<i class="fab fa-readme mr-1"></i>
RGL Library Synopsis
</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">Tutorial</a></li>
<li><a href="gf-book">The GF Book</a></li>
<li><a href="doc/gf-refman.html">Reference Manual</a></li>
<li><a href="doc/gf-shell-reference.html">Shell Reference</a></li>
<li><a href="doc/gf-quickstart.html">Quick Start</a></li>
<li><a href="doc/gf-reference.html">Quick Reference</a></li>
</ul>
<h4>Other resources</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1LFbDQhbso">Google Tech Talk</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.molto-project.eu/sites/default/files/MOLTO_D2.3.pdf">Best Practices</a> <small>[PDF]</small></li>
<li><a href="doc/gf-lrec-2010.pdf">Library Tutorial</a> <small>[PDF]</small></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4">
<h2>Develop</h2>
<a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">
<i class="fab fa-github mr-1"></i>
GF on GitHub
</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="doc/gf-developers.html">Developers Guide</a></li>
<!-- <li><a href="/~hallgren/gf-experiment/browse/">Browse Source Code</a></li> -->
<li><a href="doc/gf-people.html">Authors</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://hackage.haskell.org/package/gf/docs/PGF.html">PGF library API (Haskell runtime)</a></li>
<li><a href="doc/runtime-api.html">PGF library API (C runtime)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://hackage.haskell.org/package/gf/docs/GF.html">GF compiler API</a></li>
<!-- <li><a href="src/ui/android/README">GF on Android (new)</a></li>
<li><a href="/android/">GF on Android (old) </a></li> -->
<li><a href="doc/gf-editor-modes.html">Text Editor Support</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- <div class=links>
<h4>Related to GF</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://school.grammaticalframework.org/"><strong>GF Summer School</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.postcrashgames.com/gf_world/">Coverage Map</a></li>
<li><a href="doc/gf-bibliography.html">Publications</a></li>
<li><a href="http://remu.grammaticalframework.org/">The REMU Project</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.molto-project.eu">The MOLTO Project</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_Framework">GF on Wikipedia</a></li>
<li><p><a href="Http://www.digitalgrammars.com/">Digital Grammars AB</a></li>
</ul>
</div> -->
<h2>What is GF?</h2>
<p>
GF, Grammatical Framework, is a programming language for
<strong>multilingual grammar applications</strong>. It is
</p>
<ul>
<li>a <strong>special-purpose language for grammars</strong>, like
<a href="http://dinosaur.compilertools.net/yacc/">YACC</a>,
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/">Bison</a>,
<a href="http://www.haskell.org/happy/">Happy</a>,
<a href="http://bnfc.digitalgrammars.com/">BNFC</a>,
but not restricted to programming languages
</li>
<li>a <strong>functional programming language</strong>, like
<a href="http://www.haskell.org/">Haskell</a>,
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)">Lisp</a>,
<a href="http://ocaml.org/">OCaml</a>,
<a href="http://www.smlnj.org/">SML</a>,
<a href="http://schemers.org/">Scheme</a>,
but specialized to grammar writing
</li>
<li>a <strong>development platform for natural language grammars</strong>, like
<a href="http://moin.delph-in.net/LkbTop">LKB</a>,
<a href="http://www2.parc.com/isl/groups/nltt/xle/">XLE</a>,
<a href="http://www.issco.unige.ch/en/research/projects/regulus/news.shtml">Regulus</a>,
but based on functional programming and type theory
</li>
<li>a <strong>categorial grammar formalism</strong>, like
<a href="http://www.loria.fr/equipes/calligramme/acg/">ACG</a>,
<a href="http://openccg.sourceforge.net/">CCG</a>,
but specialized for multilingual grammars,
</li>
<li>a <strong>logical framework</strong>, like
<a href="http://wiki.portal.chalmers.se/agda/pmwiki.php">Agda</a>,
<a href="http://coq.inria.fr/">Coq</a>,
<a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/hvg/Isabelle/">Isabelle</a>,
but equipped with concrete syntax in addition to logic
</li>
<li>a <strong>platform for machine translation</strong>, like
<a href="http://www.statmt.org/moses/">Moses</a>,
<a href="http://www.apertium.org/">Apertium</a>,
but based on deep structural analysis (and usually applied for
limited fragments of language).
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Don't worry if you don't know most of the references above - but if you do know at
least one, it may help you to get a first idea of what GF is.
</p>
<hr>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-6">
<h2>Applications & Availability</h2>
<p>
GF can be used for building
<a href="http://cloud.grammaticalframework.org/translator/">translation systems</a>,
<a href="http://cloud.grammaticalframework.org/minibar/minibar.html">multilingual web gadgets</a>,
<a href="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~hallgren/Alfa/Tutorial/GFplugin.html">natural-language interfaces</a>,
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bfaYHWS6zU">dialogue systems</a>, and
<a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">natural language resources</a>.
</p>
<p>
GF is <strong>open-source</strong>, licensed under <a href="liCENSE">GPL</a> (the program) and
<a href="./liCENSE">LGPL</a> and <a href="./liCENSE">BSD</a> (the libraries). It
is available for
</p>
<ul>
<li>Linux</li>
<li>macOS</li>
<li>Windows</li>
<li>Android mobile platform (via Java; runtime)</li>
<li>via compilation to JavaScript, almost any platform that has a web browser (runtime)</li>
</ul>
<h2>Programming in GF</h2>
<p>
GF is easy to learn by following the <a href="doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">tutorial</a>.
You can write your first translator in 15 minutes.
</p>
<p>
GF has an interactive command interpreter, as well as a batch compiler.
Grammars can be compiled to parser and translator code in many different
formats. These components can then be embedded in applications written
in other programming languages. The formats currently supported are:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Haskell</li>
<li>Java, in particular the Android platform</li>
<li>JavaScript</li>
<li>Speech recognition: HTK/ATK, Nuance, JSGF</li>
</ul>
<p>
The GF programming language is high-level and advanced, featuring
</p>
<ul>
<li>static type checking</li>
<li>higher-order functions</li>
<li>dependent types</li>
<li>pattern matching with data constructors and regular expressions</li>
<li>module system with multiple inheritance and parametrized modules</li>
</ul>
<h3>Getting help</h3>
<p>
If you need some help with GF, the first places to start are the <a href="doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">Tutorial</a> and <a href="doc/gf-refman.html">Reference</a> pages.
The printed <a href="gf-book">book</a> contains all the material in the tutorial and some extra bits, and is the recommended reference for GF.
</p>
<p>
We run the IRC channel <strong><code>#gf</code></strong> on the Freenode network, where you are welcome to look for help with small questions or just start a general discussion.
IRC logs (in raw format) are available <a href="irc/">here</a>.
If you have a larger question which the community may benefit from, we recommend you ask it on the <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-dev">mailing list</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6">
<h2>News</h2>
<dl class="row">
<dt class="col-sm-3 text-center">2018-11-28</dt>
<dd class="col-sm-9">
<strong>GF 18.12 released.</strong>
</dd>
<dt class="col-sm-3 text-center">2018-07-25</dt>
<dd class="col-sm-9">
The GF repository has been split in two:
<a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core">gf-core</a> and
<a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl">gf-rgl</a>.
The original <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/GF">GF</a> repository is now archived.
</dd>
<dt class="col-sm-3 text-center">2017-08-11</dt>
<dd class="col-sm-9">
<strong>GF 3.9 released.</strong>
<a href="download/release-3.9.html">Release notes</a>
</dd>
<dt class="col-sm-3 text-center">2017-06-29</dt>
<dd class="col-sm-9">
GF is moving to <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/GF/">GitHub</a>.</dd>
<dt class="col-sm-3 text-center">2017-03-13</dt>
<dd class="col-sm-9">
<a href="http://school.grammaticalframework.org/2017/">GF Summer School</a> in Riga (Latvia), 14-25 August 2017
</dd>
</dl>
<h2>Projects</h2>
<p>
GF was first created in 1998 at
<a href="http://www.xrce.xerox.com/">Xerox Research Centre Europe</a>,
Grenoble, in the project
Multilingual Document Authoring. At Xerox, it was used for prototypes including
a restaurant phrase book,
a database query system,
a formalization of an alarm system instructions with translations to 5 languages, and
an authoring system for medical drug descriptions.
</p>
<p>
Later projects using GF and involving third parties include, in chronological order,
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~hallgren/Alfa/Tutorial/GFplugin.html">GF-Alfa</a>:
natural language interface to formal proofs
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://efficient.citi.tudor.lu/index_noframe.html">Efficient</a>:
authoring tool for business models.
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.key-project.org/">GF-KeY</a>:
authoring and translation of software specifications
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.talk-project.org">TALK</a>:
multilingual and multimodal spoken dialogue systems
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://webalt.math.helsinki.fi/">WebALT</a>:
multilingual generation of mathematical exercises (commercial project)
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://spraakbanken.gu.se/sal/">SALDO</a>:
Swedish morphological dictionary based on rules developed for GF and
<a href="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/alumni/markus/FM/">Functional Morphology</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.molto-project.eu">MOLTO</a>:
multilingual online translation
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://remu.grammaticalframework.org">REMU</a>:
reliable multilingual digital communication.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Here is a <a
href="http://videos.xrce.xerox.com/index.php/videos/index/618">talk
about GF at XRCE</a>,
14 years later.
<p>
Academically, GF has been used in at least ten PhD theses and resulted
in more than a hundred
scientific publications (see <a href="doc/gf-bibliography.html">GF publication list</a>).
</p>
<h2>Libraries</h2>
<p>
Libraries are at the heart of modern software engineering. In natural language
applications, libraries are a way to cope with thousands of details involved in
syntax, lexicon, and inflection. The
<a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">GF resource grammar library</a> has
support for an increasing number of languages, currently including
Afrikaans,
Amharic (partial),
Arabic (partial),
Bulgarian,
Catalan,
Chinese,
Danish,
Dutch,
English,
Estonian,
Finnish,
French,
German,
Greek ancient (partial),
Greek modern,
Hebrew (fragments),
Hindi,
Interlingua,
Japanese,
Italian,
Latin (fragments),
Latvian,
Maltese,
Mongolian,
Nepali,
Norwegian bokmål,
Norwegian nynorsk,
Persian,
Polish,
Punjabi,
Romanian,
Russian,
Sindhi,
Slovene (partial),
Spanish,
Swahili (fragments),
Swedish,
Thai,
Turkish (fragments),
Urdu
</p>
<p>
Adding a language to the resource library takes 3 to 9
months - contributions
are welcome! You can start with the <a href="doc/gf-lrec-2010.pdf">resource grammarian's tutorial</a>.
</p>
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