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gf-core/src/PGF/Expr.hs

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Haskell

module PGF.Expr(Tree(..), Literal(..),
readTree, showTree, pTree, ppTree,
Expr(..), Patt(..), Equation(..),
readExpr, showExpr, pExpr, ppExpr, ppPatt,
tree2expr, expr2tree,
-- needed in the typechecker
Value(..), Env, eval, apply, eqValue,
-- helpers
pStr,pFactor,
-- refresh metavariables
newMetas
) where
import PGF.CId
import PGF.Type
import Data.Char
import Data.Maybe
import Control.Monad
import qualified Text.PrettyPrint as PP
import qualified Text.ParserCombinators.ReadP as RP
import qualified Data.Map as Map
data Literal =
LStr String -- ^ string constant
| LInt Integer -- ^ integer constant
| LFlt Double -- ^ floating point constant
deriving (Eq,Ord)
-- | The tree is an evaluated expression in the abstract syntax
-- of the grammar. The type is especially restricted to not
-- allow unapplied lambda abstractions. The tree is used directly
-- from the linearizer and is produced directly from the parser.
data Tree =
Abs [CId] Tree -- ^ lambda abstraction. The list of variables is non-empty
| Var CId -- ^ variable
| Fun CId [Tree] -- ^ function application
| Lit Literal -- ^ literal
| Meta Int -- ^ meta variable
deriving (Eq, Ord)
-- | An expression represents a potentially unevaluated expression
-- in the abstract syntax of the grammar. It can be evaluated with
-- the 'expr2tree' function and then linearized or it can be used
-- directly in the dependent types.
data Expr =
EAbs CId Expr -- ^ lambda abstraction
| EApp Expr Expr -- ^ application
| ELit Literal -- ^ literal
| EMeta Int -- ^ meta variable
| EVar CId -- ^ variable or function reference
| EPi CId Expr Expr -- ^ dependent function type
deriving (Eq,Ord)
-- | The pattern is used to define equations in the abstract syntax of the grammar.
data Patt =
PApp CId [Patt] -- ^ application. The identifier should be constructor i.e. defined with 'data'
| PLit Literal -- ^ literal
| PVar CId -- ^ variable
| PWild -- ^ wildcard
deriving (Eq,Ord)
-- | The equation is used to define lambda function as a sequence
-- of equations with pattern matching. The list of 'Expr' represents
-- the patterns and the second 'Expr' is the function body for this
-- equation.
data Equation =
Equ [Patt] Expr
deriving (Eq,Ord)
-- | parses 'String' as an expression
readTree :: String -> Maybe Tree
readTree s = case [x | (x,cs) <- RP.readP_to_S (pTree False) s, all isSpace cs] of
[x] -> Just x
_ -> Nothing
-- | renders expression as 'String'
showTree :: Tree -> String
showTree = PP.render . ppTree 0
instance Show Tree where
showsPrec i x = showString (PP.render (ppTree i x))
instance Read Tree where
readsPrec _ = RP.readP_to_S (pTree False)
-- | parses 'String' as an expression
readExpr :: String -> Maybe Expr
readExpr s = case [x | (x,cs) <- RP.readP_to_S pExpr s, all isSpace cs] of
[x] -> Just x
_ -> Nothing
-- | renders expression as 'String'
showExpr :: Expr -> String
showExpr = PP.render . ppExpr 0
instance Show Expr where
showsPrec i x = showString (PP.render (ppExpr i x))
instance Read Expr where
readsPrec _ = RP.readP_to_S pExpr
-----------------------------------------------------
-- Parsing
-----------------------------------------------------
pTrees :: RP.ReadP [Tree]
pTrees = liftM2 (:) (pTree True) pTrees RP.<++ (RP.skipSpaces >> return [])
pTree :: Bool -> RP.ReadP Tree
pTree isNested = RP.skipSpaces >> (pParen RP.<++ pAbs RP.<++ pApp RP.<++ fmap Lit pLit RP.<++ pMeta)
where
pParen = RP.between (RP.char '(') (RP.char ')') (pTree False)
pAbs = do xs <- RP.between (RP.char '\\') (RP.skipSpaces >> RP.string "->") (RP.sepBy1 (RP.skipSpaces >> pCId) (RP.skipSpaces >> RP.char ','))
t <- pTree False
return (Abs xs t)
pApp = do f <- pCId
ts <- (if isNested then return [] else pTrees)
return (Fun f ts)
pMeta = do RP.char '?'
n <- fmap read (RP.munch1 isDigit)
return (Meta n)
pExpr :: RP.ReadP Expr
pExpr = RP.skipSpaces >> (pAbs RP.<++ pTerm)
where
pTerm = fmap (foldl1 EApp) (RP.sepBy1 pFactor RP.skipSpaces)
pAbs = do xs <- RP.between (RP.char '\\') (RP.skipSpaces >> RP.string "->") (RP.sepBy1 (RP.skipSpaces >> pCId) (RP.skipSpaces >> RP.char ','))
e <- pExpr
return (foldr EAbs e xs)
pFactor = fmap EVar pCId
RP.<++ fmap ELit pLit
RP.<++ pMeta
RP.<++ RP.between (RP.char '(') (RP.char ')') pExpr
where
pMeta = do RP.char '?'
n <- fmap read (RP.munch1 isDigit)
return (EMeta n)
pLit :: RP.ReadP Literal
pLit = pNum RP.<++ liftM LStr pStr
pNum = do x <- RP.munch1 isDigit
((RP.char '.' >> RP.munch1 isDigit >>= \y -> return (LFlt (read (x++"."++y))))
RP.<++
(return (LInt (read x))))
pStr = RP.char '"' >> (RP.manyTill (pEsc RP.<++ RP.get) (RP.char '"'))
where
pEsc = RP.char '\\' >> RP.get
-----------------------------------------------------
-- Printing
-----------------------------------------------------
ppTree d (Abs xs t) = ppParens (d > 0) (PP.char '\\' PP.<>
PP.hsep (PP.punctuate PP.comma (map (PP.text . prCId) xs)) PP.<+>
PP.text "->" PP.<+>
ppTree 0 t)
ppTree d (Fun f []) = PP.text (prCId f)
ppTree d (Fun f ts) = ppParens (d > 0) (PP.text (prCId f) PP.<+> PP.hsep (map (ppTree 1) ts))
ppTree d (Lit l) = ppLit l
ppTree d (Meta n) = PP.char '?' PP.<> PP.int n
ppTree d (Var id) = PP.text (prCId id)
ppExpr :: Int -> Expr -> PP.Doc
ppExpr d (EAbs x e) = let (xs,e1) = getVars (EAbs x e)
in ppParens (d > 0) (PP.char '\\' PP.<>
PP.hsep (PP.punctuate PP.comma (map (PP.text . prCId) xs)) PP.<+>
PP.text "->" PP.<+>
ppExpr 0 e1)
where
getVars (EAbs x e) = let (xs,e1) = getVars e in (x:xs,e1)
getVars e = ([],e)
ppExpr d (EApp e1 e2) = ppParens (d > 1) ((ppExpr 1 e1) PP.<+> (ppExpr 2 e2))
ppExpr d (ELit l) = ppLit l
ppExpr d (EMeta n) = PP.char '?' PP.<+> PP.int n
ppExpr d (EVar f) = PP.text (prCId f)
ppPatt d (PApp f ps) = ppParens (d > 1) (PP.text (prCId f) PP.<+> PP.hsep (map (ppPatt 2) ps))
ppPatt d (PLit l) = ppLit l
ppPatt d (PVar f) = PP.text (prCId f)
ppPatt d PWild = PP.char '_'
ppLit (LStr s) = PP.text (show s)
ppLit (LInt n) = PP.integer n
ppLit (LFlt d) = PP.double d
ppParens True = PP.parens
ppParens False = id
-----------------------------------------------------
-- Evaluation
-----------------------------------------------------
-- | Converts a tree to expression.
tree2expr :: Tree -> Expr
tree2expr (Fun x ts) = foldl EApp (EVar x) (map tree2expr ts)
tree2expr (Lit l) = ELit l
tree2expr (Meta n) = EMeta n
tree2expr (Abs xs t) = foldr EAbs (tree2expr t) xs
tree2expr (Var x) = EVar x
-- | Converts an expression to tree. The expression
-- is first reduced to beta-eta-alfa normal form and
-- after that converted to tree.
expr2tree :: Funs -> Expr -> Tree
expr2tree funs e = value2tree [] (eval funs Map.empty e)
where
value2tree xs (VApp f vs) = case Map.lookup f funs of
Just (DTyp hyps _ _,_) -> -- eta conversion
let a1 = length hyps
a2 = length vs
a = a1 - a2
i = length xs
xs' = [var i | i <- [i..i+a-1]]
in ret (reverse xs'++xs)
(Fun f (map (value2tree []) vs++map Var xs'))
Nothing -> error ("unknown variable "++prCId f)
value2tree xs (VGen i) = ret xs (Var (var i))
value2tree xs (VMeta n) = ret xs (Meta n)
value2tree xs (VLit l) = ret xs (Lit l)
value2tree xs (VClosure env (EAbs x e)) = let i = length xs
in value2tree (var i:xs) (eval funs (Map.insert x (VGen i) env) e)
var i = mkCId ('v':show i)
ret [] t = t
ret xs t = Abs (reverse xs) t
data Value
= VApp CId [Value]
| VLit Literal
| VMeta Int
| VGen Int
| VClosure Env Expr
deriving (Eq,Ord)
type Funs = Map.Map CId (Type,[Equation]) -- type and def of a fun
type Env = Map.Map CId Value
eval :: Funs -> Env -> Expr -> Value
eval funs env (EVar x) = case Map.lookup x env of
Just v -> v
Nothing -> case Map.lookup x funs of
Just (_,eqs) -> case eqs of
Equ [] e : _ -> eval funs env e
[] -> VApp x []
Nothing -> error ("unknown variable "++prCId x)
eval funs env (EApp e1 e2) = apply funs env e1 [eval funs env e2]
eval funs env (EAbs x e) = VClosure env (EAbs x e)
eval funs env (EMeta k) = VMeta k
eval funs env (ELit l) = VLit l
apply :: Funs -> Env -> Expr -> [Value] -> Value
apply funs env e [] = eval funs env e
apply funs env (EVar x) vs = case Map.lookup x env of
Just v -> case (v,vs) of
(VClosure env (EAbs x e),v:vs) -> apply funs (Map.insert x v env) e vs
Nothing -> case Map.lookup x funs of
Just (_,eqs) -> case match eqs vs of
Just (e,vs,env) -> apply funs env e vs
Nothing -> VApp x vs
Nothing -> error ("unknown variable "++prCId x)
apply funs env (EAbs x e) (v:vs) = apply funs (Map.insert x v env) e vs
apply funs env (EApp e1 e2) vs = apply funs env e1 (eval funs env e2 : vs)
match :: [Equation] -> [Value] -> Maybe (Expr, [Value], Env)
match eqs vs =
case eqs of
[] -> Nothing
(Equ ps res):eqs -> let (as,vs') = splitAt (length ps) vs
in case zipWithM tryMatch ps as of
Just envs -> Just (res, vs', Map.unions envs)
Nothing -> match eqs vs
where
tryMatch p v = case (p, v) of
(PVar x, _ ) -> Just (Map.singleton x v)
(PApp f ps, VApp fe vs) | f == fe -> do envs <- zipWithM tryMatch ps vs
return (Map.unions envs)
(PLit l, VLit le ) | l == le -> Just Map.empty
_ -> Nothing
eqValue :: Int -> Value -> Value -> [(Value,Value)]
eqValue k v1 v2 =
case (v1,v2) of
(VApp f1 vs1, VApp f2 vs2) | f1 == f2 -> concat (zipWith (eqValue k) vs1 vs2)
(VLit l1, VLit l2 ) | l1 == l2 -> []
(VMeta i, VMeta j ) | i == j -> []
(VGen i, VGen j ) | i == j -> []
(VClosure env1 (EAbs x1 e1), VClosure env2 (EAbs x2 e2)) ->
let v = VGen k
in eqValue (k+1) (VClosure (Map.insert x1 v env1) e1) (VClosure (Map.insert x2 v env2) e2)
_ -> [(v1,v2)]
--- use composOp and state monad...
newMetas :: Expr -> Expr
newMetas = fst . metas 0 where
metas i exp = case exp of
EAbs x e -> let (f,j) = metas i e in (EAbs x f, j)
EApp f a -> let (g,j) = metas i f ; (b,k) = metas j a in (EApp g b,k)
EMeta _ -> (EMeta i, i+1)
_ -> (exp,i)