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gf-core/src/compiler/GF/Compile/Compute/ConcreteNew.hs
Thomas Hallgren 820d2d503f Fixes for GHC 8.4.1 compatibility
* In GHC 8.4.1, the operator <> has become a method of the Semigroup class
  and is exported from the Prelude. This is unfortunate, since <> is also
  exported from the standard library module Text.PrettyPrint, so in any
  module that defines a pretty printer, there is likely to be an ambiguity.

  This affects ~18 modules in GF. Solution:

    import Prelude hiding (<>)

  This works also in older versions of GHC, since GHC does't complain if
  you hide something that doesn't exists.

* In GHC 8.4.1, Semigroup has become a superclass of Monoid. This means
  that anywhere you define an instance of the Monoid class you also have to
  define an instance in the Semigroup class.

  This affects Data.Binary.Builder in GF. Solution: conditionally define
  a Semigroup instance if compiling with base>=4.11 (ghc>=8.4.1)
2018-04-18 19:18:10 +02:00

581 lines
22 KiB
Haskell

-- | Functions for computing the values of terms in the concrete syntax, in
-- | preparation for PMCFG generation.
module GF.Compile.Compute.ConcreteNew
(GlobalEnv, GLocation, resourceValues, geLoc, geGrammar,
normalForm,
Value(..), Bind(..), Env, value2term, eval, vapply
) where
import Prelude hiding ((<>)) -- GHC 8.4.1 clash with Text.PrettyPrint
import GF.Grammar hiding (Env, VGen, VApp, VRecType)
import GF.Grammar.Lookup(lookupResDefLoc,allParamValues)
import GF.Grammar.Predef(cPredef,cErrorType,cTok,cStr,cTrace,cPBool)
import GF.Grammar.PatternMatch(matchPattern,measurePatt)
import GF.Grammar.Lockfield(isLockLabel,lockRecType) --unlockRecord,lockLabel
import GF.Compile.Compute.Value hiding (Error)
import GF.Compile.Compute.Predef(predef,predefName,delta)
import GF.Data.Str(Str,glueStr,str2strings,str,sstr,plusStr,strTok)
import GF.Data.Operations(Err,err,errIn,maybeErr,combinations,mapPairsM)
import GF.Data.Utilities(mapFst,mapSnd)
import GF.Infra.Option
import Control.Monad(ap,liftM,liftM2) -- ,unless,mplus
import Data.List (findIndex,intersect,nub,elemIndex,(\\)) --,isInfixOf
--import Data.Char (isUpper,toUpper,toLower)
import GF.Text.Pretty
import qualified Data.Map as Map
import Debug.Trace(trace)
-- * Main entry points
normalForm :: GlobalEnv -> L Ident -> Term -> Term
normalForm (GE gr rv opts _) loc = err (bugloc loc) id . nfx (GE gr rv opts loc)
nfx env@(GE _ _ _ loc) t = do
v <- eval env [] t
case value2term loc [] v of
Left i -> fail ("variable #"++show i++" is out of scope")
Right t -> return t
eval :: GlobalEnv -> Env -> Term -> Err Value
eval (GE gr rvs opts loc) env t = ($ (map snd env)) # value cenv t
where
cenv = CE gr rvs opts loc (map fst env)
--apply env = apply' env
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- * Environments
type ResourceValues = Map.Map ModuleName (Map.Map Ident (Err Value))
data GlobalEnv = GE Grammar ResourceValues Options GLocation
data CompleteEnv = CE {srcgr::Grammar,rvs::ResourceValues,
opts::Options,
gloc::GLocation,local::LocalScope}
type GLocation = L Ident
type LocalScope = [Ident]
type Stack = [Value]
type OpenValue = Stack->Value
geLoc (GE _ _ _ loc) = loc
geGrammar (GE gr _ _ _) = gr
ext b env = env{local=b:local env}
extend bs env = env{local=bs++local env}
global env = GE (srcgr env) (rvs env) (opts env) (gloc env)
var :: CompleteEnv -> Ident -> Err OpenValue
var env x = maybe unbound pick' (elemIndex x (local env))
where
unbound = fail ("Unknown variable: "++showIdent x)
pick' i = return $ \ vs -> maybe (err i vs) ok (pick i vs)
err i vs = bug $ "Stack problem: "++showIdent x++": "
++unwords (map showIdent (local env))
++" => "++show (i,length vs)
ok v = --trace ("var "++show x++" = "++show v) $
v
pick :: Int -> Stack -> Maybe Value
pick 0 (v:_) = Just v
pick i (_:vs) = pick (i-1) vs
pick i vs = Nothing -- bug $ "pick "++show (i,vs)
resource env (m,c) =
-- err bug id $
if isPredefCat c
then value0 env =<< lockRecType c defLinType -- hmm
else maybe e id $ Map.lookup c =<< Map.lookup m (rvs env)
where e = fail $ "Not found: "++render m++"."++showIdent c
-- | Convert operators once, not every time they are looked up
resourceValues :: Options -> SourceGrammar -> GlobalEnv
resourceValues opts gr = env
where
env = GE gr rvs opts (L NoLoc identW)
rvs = Map.mapWithKey moduleResources (moduleMap gr)
moduleResources m = Map.mapWithKey (moduleResource m) . jments
moduleResource m c _info = do L l t <- lookupResDefLoc gr (m,c)
let loc = L l c
qloc = L l (Q (m,c))
eval (GE gr rvs opts loc) [] (traceRes qloc t)
traceRes = if flag optTrace opts
then traceResource
else const id
-- * Tracing
-- | Insert a call to the trace function under the top-level lambdas
traceResource (L l q) t =
case termFormCnc t of
(abs,body) -> mkAbs abs (mkApp traceQ [args,body])
where
args = R $ tuple2record (K lstr:[Vr x|(bt,x)<-abs,bt==Explicit])
lstr = render (l<>":"<>ppTerm Qualified 0 q)
traceQ = Q (cPredef,cTrace)
-- * Computing values
-- | Computing the value of a top-level term
value0 :: CompleteEnv -> Term -> Err Value
value0 env = eval (global env) []
-- | Computing the value of a term
value :: CompleteEnv -> Term -> Err OpenValue
value env t0 =
-- Each terms is traversed only once by this function, using only statically
-- available information. Notably, the values of lambda bound variables
-- will be unknown during the term traversal phase.
-- The result is an OpenValue, which is a function that may be applied many
-- times to different dynamic values, but without the term traversal overhead
-- and without recomputing other statically known information.
-- For this to work, there should be no recursive calls under lambdas here.
-- Whenever we need to construct the OpenValue function with an explicit
-- lambda, we have to lift the recursive calls outside the lambda.
-- (See e.g. the rules for Let, Prod and Abs)
{-
trace (render $ text "value"<+>sep [ppL (gloc env)<>text ":",
brackets (fsep (map ppIdent (local env))),
ppTerm Unqualified 10 t0]) $
--}
errIn (render t0) $
case t0 of
Vr x -> var env x
Q x@(m,f)
| m == cPredef -> if f==cErrorType -- to be removed
then let p = identS "P"
in const # value0 env (mkProd [(Implicit,p,typeType)] (Vr p) [])
else if f==cPBool
then const # resource env x
else const . flip VApp [] # predef f
| otherwise -> const # resource env x --valueResDef (fst env) x
QC x -> return $ const (VCApp x [])
App e1 e2 -> apply' env e1 . (:[]) =<< value env e2
Let (x,(oty,t)) body -> do vb <- value (ext x env) body
vt <- value env t
return $ \ vs -> vb (vt vs:vs)
Meta i -> return $ \ vs -> VMeta i (zip (local env) vs) []
Prod bt x t1 t2 ->
do vt1 <- value env t1
vt2 <- value (ext x env) t2
return $ \ vs -> VProd bt (vt1 vs) x $ Bind $ \ vx -> vt2 (vx:vs)
Abs bt x t -> do vt <- value (ext x env) t
return $ VAbs bt x . Bind . \ vs vx -> vt (vx:vs)
EInt n -> return $ const (VInt n)
EFloat f -> return $ const (VFloat f)
K s -> return $ const (VString s)
Empty -> return $ const (VString "")
Sort s | s == cTok -> return $ const (VSort cStr) -- to be removed
| otherwise -> return $ const (VSort s)
ImplArg t -> (VImplArg.) # value env t
Table p res -> liftM2 VTblType # value env p <# value env res
RecType rs -> do lovs <- mapPairsM (value env) rs
return $ \vs->VRecType $ mapSnd ($vs) lovs
t@(ExtR t1 t2) -> ((extR t.)# both id) # both (value env) (t1,t2)
FV ts -> ((vfv .) # sequence) # mapM (value env) ts
R as -> do lovs <- mapPairsM (value env.snd) as
return $ \ vs->VRec $ mapSnd ($vs) lovs
T i cs -> valueTable env i cs
V ty ts -> do pvs <- paramValues env ty
((VV ty pvs .) . sequence) # mapM (value env) ts
C t1 t2 -> ((ok2p vconcat.) # both id) # both (value env) (t1,t2)
S t1 t2 -> ((select env.) # both id) # both (value env) (t1,t2)
P t l -> --maybe (bug $ "project "++show l++" from "++show v) id $
do ov <- value env t
return $ \ vs -> let v = ov vs
in maybe (VP v l) id (proj l v)
Alts t tts -> (\v vts -> VAlts # v <# mapM (both id) vts) # value env t <# mapM (both (value env)) tts
Strs ts -> ((VStrs.) # sequence) # mapM (value env) ts
Glue t1 t2 -> ((ok2p (glue env).) # both id) # both (value env) (t1,t2)
ELin c r -> (unlockVRec (gloc env) c.) # value env r
EPatt p -> return $ const (VPatt p) -- hmm
EPattType ty -> do vt <- value env ty
return (VPattType . vt)
Typed t ty -> value env t
t -> fail.render $ "value"<+>ppTerm Unqualified 10 t $$ show t
vconcat vv@(v1,v2) =
case vv of
(VString "",_) -> v2
(_,VString "") -> v1
(VApp NonExist _,_) -> v1
(_,VApp NonExist _) -> v2
_ -> VC v1 v2
proj l v | isLockLabel l = return (VRec [])
---- a workaround 18/2/2005: take this away and find the reason
---- why earlier compilation destroys the lock field
proj l v =
case v of
VFV vs -> liftM vfv (mapM (proj l) vs)
VRec rs -> lookup l rs
-- VExtR v1 v2 -> proj l v2 `mplus` proj l v1 -- hmm
VS (VV pty pvs rs) v2 -> flip VS v2 . VV pty pvs # mapM (proj l) rs
_ -> return (ok1 VP v l)
ok1 f v1@(VError {}) _ = v1
ok1 f v1 v2 = f v1 v2
ok2 f v1@(VError {}) _ = v1
ok2 f _ v2@(VError {}) = v2
ok2 f v1 v2 = f v1 v2
ok2p f (v1@VError {},_) = v1
ok2p f (_,v2@VError {}) = v2
ok2p f vv = f vv
unlockVRec loc c0 v0 = v0
{-
unlockVRec loc c0 v0 = unlockVRec' c0 v0
where
unlockVRec' ::Ident -> Value -> Value
unlockVRec' c v =
case v of
-- VClosure env t -> err bug (VClosure env) (unlockRecord c t)
VAbs bt x (Bind f) -> VAbs bt x (Bind $ \ v -> unlockVRec' c (f v))
VRec rs -> plusVRec rs lock
-- _ -> VExtR v (VRec lock) -- hmm
_ -> {-trace (render $ ppL loc $ "unlock non-record "++show v0)-} v -- hmm
-- _ -> bugloc loc $ "unlock non-record "++show v0
where
lock = [(lockLabel c,VRec [])]
-}
-- suspicious, but backwards compatible
plusVRec rs1 rs2 = VRec ([(l,v)|(l,v)<-rs1,l `notElem` ls2] ++ rs2)
where ls2 = map fst rs2
extR t vv =
case vv of
(VFV vs,v2) -> vfv [extR t (v1,v2)|v1<-vs]
(v1,VFV vs) -> vfv [extR t (v1,v2)|v2<-vs]
(VRecType rs1, VRecType rs2) ->
case intersect (map fst rs1) (map fst rs2) of
[] -> VRecType (rs1 ++ rs2)
ls -> error $ "clash"<+>show ls
(VRec rs1, VRec rs2) -> plusVRec rs1 rs2
(v1 , VRec [(l,_)]) | isLockLabel l -> v1 -- hmm
(VS (VV t pvs vs) s,v2) -> VS (VV t pvs [extR t (v1,v2)|v1<-vs]) s
-- (v1,v2) -> ok2 VExtR v1 v2 -- hmm
(v1,v2) -> error $ "not records" $$ show v1 $$ show v2
where
error explain = ppbug $ "The term" <+> t
<+> "is not reducible" $$ explain
glue env (v1,v2) = glu v1 v2
where
glu v1 v2 =
case (v1,v2) of
(VFV vs,v2) -> vfv [glu v1 v2|v1<-vs]
(v1,VFV vs) -> vfv [glu v1 v2|v2<-vs]
(VString s1,VString s2) -> VString (s1++s2)
(v1,VAlts d vs) -> VAlts (glx d) [(glx v,c) | (v,c) <- vs]
where glx v2 = glu v1 v2
(v1@(VAlts {}),v2) ->
--err (const (ok2 VGlue v1 v2)) id $
err bug id $
do y' <- strsFromValue v2
x' <- strsFromValue v1
return $ vfv [foldr1 VC (map VString (str2strings (glueStr v u))) | v <- x', u <- y']
(VC va vb,v2) -> VC va (glu vb v2)
(v1,VC va vb) -> VC (glu v1 va) vb
(VS (VV ty pvs vs) vb,v2) -> VS (VV ty pvs [glu v v2|v<-vs]) vb
(v1,VS (VV ty pvs vs) vb) -> VS (VV ty pvs [glu v1 v|v<-vs]) vb
(v1@(VApp NonExist _),_) -> v1
(_,v2@(VApp NonExist _)) -> v2
-- (v1,v2) -> ok2 VGlue v1 v2
(v1,v2) -> if flag optPlusAsBind (opts env)
then VC v1 (VC (VApp BIND []) v2)
else let loc = gloc env
vt v = case value2term loc (local env) v of
Left i -> Error ('#':show i)
Right t -> t
in error . render $
ppL loc (hang "unsupported token gluing:" 4
(Glue (vt v1) (vt v2)))
-- | to get a string from a value that represents a sequence of terminals
strsFromValue :: Value -> Err [Str]
strsFromValue t = case t of
VString s -> return [str s]
VC s t -> do
s' <- strsFromValue s
t' <- strsFromValue t
return [plusStr x y | x <- s', y <- t']
{-
VGlue s t -> do
s' <- strsFromValue s
t' <- strsFromValue t
return [glueStr x y | x <- s', y <- t']
-}
VAlts d vs -> do
d0 <- strsFromValue d
v0 <- mapM (strsFromValue . fst) vs
c0 <- mapM (strsFromValue . snd) vs
--let vs' = zip v0 c0
return [strTok (str2strings def) vars |
def <- d0,
vars <- [[(str2strings v, map sstr c) | (v,c) <- zip vv c0] |
vv <- combinations v0]
]
VFV ts -> concat # mapM strsFromValue ts
VStrs ts -> concat # mapM strsFromValue ts
_ -> fail ("cannot get Str from value " ++ show t)
vfv vs = case nub vs of
[v] -> v
vs -> VFV vs
select env vv =
case vv of
(v1,VFV vs) -> vfv [select env (v1,v2)|v2<-vs]
(VFV vs,v2) -> vfv [select env (v1,v2)|v1<-vs]
(v1@(VV pty vs rs),v2) ->
err (const (VS v1 v2)) id $
do --ats <- allParamValues (srcgr env) pty
--let vs = map (value0 env) ats
i <- maybeErr "no match" $ findIndex (==v2) vs
return (ix (gloc env) "select" rs i)
(VT _ _ [(PW,Bind b)],_) -> {-trace "eliminate wild card table" $-} b []
(v1@(VT _ _ cs),v2) ->
err (\_->ok2 VS v1 v2) (err bug id . valueMatch env) $
match (gloc env) cs v2
(VS (VV pty pvs rs) v12,v2) -> VS (VV pty pvs [select env (v11,v2)|v11<-rs]) v12
(v1,v2) -> ok2 VS v1 v2
match loc cs v =
case value2term loc [] v of
Left i -> bad ("variable #"++show i++" is out of scope")
Right t -> err bad return (matchPattern cs t)
where
bad = fail . ("In pattern matching: "++)
valueMatch :: CompleteEnv -> (Bind Env,Substitution) -> Err Value
valueMatch env (Bind f,env') = f # mapPairsM (value0 env) env'
valueTable :: CompleteEnv -> TInfo -> [Case] -> Err OpenValue
valueTable env i cs =
case i of
TComp ty -> do pvs <- paramValues env ty
((VV ty pvs .) # sequence) # mapM (value env.snd) cs
_ -> do ty <- getTableType i
cs' <- mapM valueCase cs
err (dynamic cs' ty) return (convert cs' ty)
where
dynamic cs' ty _ = cases cs' # value env ty
cases cs' vty vs = err keep ($vs) (convertv cs' (vty vs))
where
keep msg = --trace (msg++"\n"++render (ppTerm Unqualified 0 (T i cs))) $
VT wild (vty vs) (mapSnd ($vs) cs')
wild = case i of TWild _ -> True; _ -> False
convertv cs' vty =
case value2term (gloc env) [] vty of
Left i -> fail ("variable #"++show i++" is out of scope")
Right pty -> convert' cs' =<< paramValues'' env pty
convert cs' ty = convert' cs' =<< paramValues' env ty
convert' cs' ((pty,vs),pvs) =
do sts <- mapM (matchPattern cs') vs
return $ \ vs -> VV pty pvs $ map (err bug id . valueMatch env)
(mapFst ($vs) sts)
valueCase (p,t) = do p' <- measurePatt # inlinePattMacro p
pvs <- linPattVars p'
vt <- value (extend pvs env) t
return (p',\vs-> Bind $ \bs-> vt (push' p' bs pvs vs))
inlinePattMacro p =
case p of
PM qc -> do r <- resource env qc
case r of
VPatt p' -> inlinePattMacro p'
_ -> ppbug $ hang "Expected pattern macro:" 4
(show r)
_ -> composPattOp inlinePattMacro p
paramValues env ty = snd # paramValues' env ty
paramValues' env ty = paramValues'' env =<< nfx (global env) ty
paramValues'' env pty = do ats <- allParamValues (srcgr env) pty
pvs <- mapM (eval (global env) []) ats
return ((pty,ats),pvs)
push' p bs xs = if length bs/=length xs
then bug $ "push "++show (p,bs,xs)
else push bs xs
push :: Env -> LocalScope -> Stack -> Stack
push bs [] vs = vs
push bs (x:xs) vs = maybe err id (lookup x bs):push bs xs vs
where err = bug $ "Unbound pattern variable "++showIdent x
apply' :: CompleteEnv -> Term -> [OpenValue] -> Err OpenValue
apply' env t [] = value env t
apply' env t vs =
case t of
QC x -> return $ \ svs -> VCApp x (map ($svs) vs)
{-
Q x@(m,f) | m==cPredef -> return $
let constr = --trace ("predef "++show x) .
VApp x
in \ svs -> maybe constr id (Map.lookup f predefs)
$ map ($svs) vs
| otherwise -> do r <- resource env x
return $ \ svs -> vapply (gloc env) r (map ($svs) vs)
-}
App t1 t2 -> apply' env t1 . (:vs) =<< value env t2
_ -> do fv <- value env t
return $ \ svs -> vapply (gloc env) (fv svs) (map ($svs) vs)
vapply :: GLocation -> Value -> [Value] -> Value
vapply loc v [] = v
vapply loc v vs =
case v of
VError {} -> v
-- VClosure env (Abs b x t) -> beta gr env b x t vs
VAbs bt _ (Bind f) -> vbeta loc bt f vs
VApp pre vs1 -> delta' pre (vs1++vs)
where
delta' Trace (v1:v2:vs) = let vr = vapply loc v2 vs
in vtrace loc v1 vr
delta' pre vs = err msg vfv $ mapM (delta pre) (varyList vs)
--msg = const (VApp pre (vs1++vs))
msg = bug . (("Applying Predef."++showIdent (predefName pre)++": ")++)
VS (VV t pvs fs) s -> VS (VV t pvs [vapply loc f vs|f<-fs]) s
VFV fs -> vfv [vapply loc f vs|f<-fs]
VCApp f vs0 -> VCApp f (vs0++vs)
VMeta i env vs0 -> VMeta i env (vs0++vs)
VGen i vs0 -> VGen i (vs0++vs)
v -> bug $ "vapply "++show v++" "++show vs
vbeta loc bt f (v:vs) =
case (bt,v) of
(Implicit,VImplArg v) -> ap v
(Explicit, v) -> ap v
where
ap (VFV avs) = vfv [vapply loc (f v) vs|v<-avs]
ap v = vapply loc (f v) vs
vary (VFV vs) = vs
vary v = [v]
varyList = mapM vary
{-
beta env b x t (v:vs) =
case (b,v) of
(Implicit,VImplArg v) -> apply' (ext (x,v) env) t vs
(Explicit, v) -> apply' (ext (x,v) env) t vs
-}
vtrace loc arg res = trace (render (hang (pv arg) 4 ("->"<+>pv res))) res
where
pv v = case v of
VRec (f:as) -> hang (pf f) 4 (fsep (map pa as))
_ -> ppV v
pf (_,VString n) = pp n
pf (_,v) = ppV v
pa (_,v) = ppV v
ppV v = case value2term' True loc [] v of
Left i -> "variable #" <> pp i <+> "is out of scope"
Right t -> ppTerm Unqualified 10 t
-- | Convert a value back to a term
value2term :: GLocation -> [Ident] -> Value -> Either Int Term
value2term = value2term' False
value2term' stop loc xs v0 =
case v0 of
VApp pre vs -> liftM (foldl App (Q (cPredef,predefName pre))) (mapM v2t vs)
VCApp f vs -> liftM (foldl App (QC f)) (mapM v2t vs)
VGen j vs -> liftM2 (foldl App) (var j) (mapM v2t vs)
VMeta j env vs -> liftM (foldl App (Meta j)) (mapM v2t vs)
VProd bt v x f -> liftM2 (Prod bt x) (v2t v) (v2t' x f)
VAbs bt x f -> liftM (Abs bt x) (v2t' x f)
VInt n -> return (EInt n)
VFloat f -> return (EFloat f)
VString s -> return (if null s then Empty else K s)
VSort s -> return (Sort s)
VImplArg v -> liftM ImplArg (v2t v)
VTblType p res -> liftM2 Table (v2t p) (v2t res)
VRecType rs -> liftM RecType (mapM (\(l,v) -> fmap ((,) l) (v2t v)) rs)
VRec as -> liftM R (mapM (\(l,v) -> v2t v >>= \t -> return (l,(Nothing,t))) as)
VV t _ vs -> liftM (V t) (mapM v2t vs)
VT wild v cs -> v2t v >>= \t -> liftM (T ((if wild then TWild else TTyped) t)) (mapM nfcase cs)
VFV vs -> liftM FV (mapM v2t vs)
VC v1 v2 -> liftM2 C (v2t v1) (v2t v2)
VS v1 v2 -> liftM2 S (v2t v1) (v2t v2)
VP v l -> v2t v >>= \t -> return (P t l)
VPatt p -> return (EPatt p)
VPattType v -> v2t v >>= return . EPattType
VAlts v vvs -> liftM2 Alts (v2t v) (mapM (\(x,y) -> liftM2 (,) (v2t x) (v2t y)) vvs)
VStrs vs -> liftM Strs (mapM v2t vs)
-- VGlue v1 v2 -> Glue (v2t v1) (v2t v2)
-- VExtR v1 v2 -> ExtR (v2t v1) (v2t v2)
VError err -> return (Error err)
_ -> bug ("value2term "++show loc++" : "++show v0)
where
v2t = v2txs xs
v2txs = value2term' stop loc
v2t' x f = v2txs (x:xs) (bind f (gen xs))
var j
| j<length xs = Right (Vr (reverse xs !! j))
| otherwise = Left j
pushs xs e = foldr push e xs
push x (env,xs) = ((x,gen xs):env,x:xs)
gen xs = VGen (length xs) []
nfcase (p,f) = liftM ((,) p) (v2txs xs' (bind f env'))
where (env',xs') = pushs (pattVars p) ([],xs)
bind (Bind f) x = if stop
then VSort (identS "...") -- hmm
else f x
linPattVars p =
if null dups
then return pvs
else fail.render $ hang "Pattern is not linear:" 4 (ppPatt Unqualified 0 p)
where
allpvs = allPattVars p
pvs = nub allpvs
dups = allpvs \\ pvs
pattVars = nub . allPattVars
allPattVars p =
case p of
PV i -> [i]
PAs i p -> i:allPattVars p
_ -> collectPattOp allPattVars p
---
ix loc fn xs i =
if i<n
then xs !! i
else bugloc loc $ "(!!): index too large in "++fn++", "++show i++"<"++show n
where n = length xs
infixl 1 #,<# --,@@
f # x = fmap f x
mf <# mx = ap mf mx
--m1 @@ m2 = (m1 =<<) . m2
both f (x,y) = (,) # f x <# f y
bugloc loc s = ppbug $ ppL loc s
bug msg = ppbug msg
ppbug doc = error $ render $ hang "Internal error in Compute.ConcreteNew:" 4 doc