forked from GitHub/gf-core
552 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
552 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
--# -path=.:..:../../abstract:../../common
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--
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----1 Hindi Lexical Paradigms
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resource ParadigmsHin = open
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(Predef=Predef),
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Prelude,
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MorphoHin,
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CatHin
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in {
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--2 Parameters
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oper
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masculine : Gender ;
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feminine : Gender ;
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masculine = Masc ; feminine = Fem ; --i
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--2 Nouns
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mkN = overload {
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mkN : Str -> N
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= \s -> regNoun s ** {lock_N = <>} ;
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mkN : Str -> Gender -> N
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= \s,g -> reggNoun s g ** {lock_N = <>} ;
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mkN : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> Gender -> N
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= \sd,so,sv,pd,po,pv,g -> mkNoun sd so sv pd po pv g ** {lock_N = <>} ;
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} ;
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--2 Adjectives
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mkA = overload {
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mkA : Str -> A
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= \s -> regAdjective s ** {lock_A = <>} ;
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mkA : (x1,_,x3 : Str) -> A
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= \msd,m,f -> mkAdjective msd m f ** {lock_A = <>} ;
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} ;
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--2 Verbs
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mkV = overload {
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mkV : Str -> V
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= \s -> regVerb s ** {lock_V = <>} ;
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mkV : (x1,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,x15 : Str) -> V
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= \inf,stem,ims,imp,ifs,ifp,pms,pmp,pfs,pfp,ss1,ss2,sp2,sp3,r ->
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mkVerb inf stem ims imp ifs ifp pms pmp pfs pfp ss1 ss2 sp2 sp3 r **
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{lock_V = <>} ;
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} ;
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mkV2 = overload {
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mkV2 : Str -> V2
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= \s -> regVerb s ** {c2 = {s = [] ; c = VTrans} ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
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mkV2 : V -> V2
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= \v -> v ** {c2 = {s = [] ; c = VTrans} ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
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mkV2 : V -> Str -> V2
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= \v,p -> v ** {c2 = {s = p ; c = VTransPost} ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
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} ;
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----3 Compound nouns
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----
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---- A compound noun is an uninflected string attached to an inflected noun,
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---- such as "baby boom", "chief executive officer".
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--
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-- mkN : Str -> N -> N
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-- } ;
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--
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--
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----3 Relational nouns
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----
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---- Relational nouns ("daughter of x") need a preposition.
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--
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-- mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ;
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--
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---- The most common preposition is "of", and the following is a
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---- shortcut for regular relational nouns with "of".
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--
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-- regN2 : Str -> N2 ;
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--
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---- Use the function $mkPrep$ or see the section on prepositions below to
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---- form other prepositions.
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----
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---- Three-place relational nouns ("the connection from x to y") need two prepositions.
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--
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-- mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
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--
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--
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--
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----3 Proper names and noun phrases
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----
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---- Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed from strings.
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--
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-- mkPN : overload {
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--
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-- mkPN : Str -> PN ;
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--
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---- Sometimes a common noun can be reused as a proper name, e.g. "Bank"
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--
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-- mkPN : N -> PN
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-- } ;
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--
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--
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----2 Adjectives
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--
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-- mkA : overload {
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--
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---- For regular adjectives, the adverbial and comparison forms are derived. This holds
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---- even for cases with the variations "happy - happily - happier - happiest",
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---- "free - freely - freer - freest", and "rude - rudest".
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--
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-- mkA : (happy : Str) -> A ;
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--
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---- However, the duplication of the final consonant cannot be predicted,
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---- but a separate case is used to give the comparative
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--
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-- mkA : (fat,fatter : Str) -> A ;
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--
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---- As many as four forms may be needed.
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--
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-- mkA : (good,better,best,well : Str) -> A
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-- } ;
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--
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---- To force comparison to be formed by "more - most",
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---- the following function is used:
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--
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-- compoundA : A -> A ; -- -/more/most ridiculous
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--
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--
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--
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----3 Two-place adjectives
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----
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---- Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
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--
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-- mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
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--
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--
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--
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----2 Adverbs
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--
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---- Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
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---- after the verb. Some can be preverbal (e.g. "always").
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--
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-- mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
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-- mkAdV : Str -> AdV ;
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--
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---- Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
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--
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-- mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
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--
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----2 Prepositions
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----
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---- A preposition as used for rection in the lexicon, as well as to
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---- build $PP$s in the resource API, just requires a string.
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--
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-- mkPrep : Str -> Prep ;
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-- noPrep : Prep ;
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--
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---- (These two functions are synonyms.)
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--
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----2 Verbs
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----
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--
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---- Verbs are constructed by the function $mkV$, which takes a varying
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---- number of arguments.
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--
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-- mkV : overload {
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--
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---- The regular verb function recognizes the special cases where the last
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---- character is "y" ("cry-cries" but "buy-buys") or a sibilant
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---- ("kiss-"kisses", "jazz-jazzes", "rush-rushes", "munch - munches",
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---- "fix - fixes").
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--
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-- mkV : (cry : Str) -> V ;
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--
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---- Give the present and past forms for regular verbs where
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---- the last letter is duplicated in some forms,
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---- e.g. "rip - ripped - ripping".
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--
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-- mkV : (stop, stopped : Str) -> V ;
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--
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---- There is an extensive list of irregular verbs in the module $IrregularHin$.
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---- In practice, it is enough to give three forms,
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---- e.g. "drink - drank - drunk".
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--
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-- mkV : (drink, drank, drunk : Str) -> V ;
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--
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---- Irregular verbs with duplicated consonant in the present participle.
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--
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-- mkV : (run, ran, run, running : Str) -> V ;
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--
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---- Except for "be", the worst case needs five forms: the infinitive and
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---- the third person singular present, the past indicative, and the
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---- past and present participles.
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--
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-- mkV : (go, goes, went, gone, going : Str) -> V
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-- };
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--
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---- Verbs with a particle.
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---- The particle, such as in "switch on", is given as a string.
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--
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-- partV : V -> Str -> V ;
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--
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---- Reflexive verbs.
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---- By default, verbs are not reflexive; this function makes them that.
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--
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-- reflV : V -> V ;
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--
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----3 Two-place verbs
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----
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---- Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
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---- (transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the $V$.
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--
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-- mkV2 : overload {
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-- mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ; -- believe in
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-- mkV2 : V -> V2 -- kill
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-- };
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--
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----3 Three-place verbs
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----
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---- Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
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---- the first one or both can be absent.
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--
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-- mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ; -- speak, with, about
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-- dirV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ; -- give,_,to
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-- dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- give,_,_
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--
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----3 Other complement patterns
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----
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---- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
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---- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
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--
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-- mkV0 : V -> V0 ;
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-- mkVS : V -> VS ;
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-- mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ;
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-- mkVV : V -> VV ;
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-- mkV2V : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V ;
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-- mkVA : V -> VA ;
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-- mkV2A : V -> Prep -> V2A ;
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-- mkVQ : V -> VQ ;
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-- mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q ;
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--
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-- mkAS : A -> AS ;
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-- mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ;
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-- mkAV : A -> AV ;
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-- mkA2V : A -> Prep -> A2V ;
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--
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---- Notice: Categories $V0, AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$.
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---- $V0$ is just $V$; the second argument is treated as adverb.
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--
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-- V0 : Type ;
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-- AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
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--
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----.
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----2 Definitions of paradigms
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----
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---- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
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---- hidden from the document.
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--
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-- Gender = MorphoHin.Gender ;
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-- Number = MorphoHin.Number ;
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-- Case = MorphoHin.Case ;
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-- human = Masc ;
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-- nonhuman = Neutr ;
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-- masculine = Masc ;
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-- feminine = Fem ;
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-- singular = Sg ;
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-- plural = Pl ;
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-- nominative = Nom ;
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-- genitive = Gen ;
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--
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-- Preposition : Type = Str ; -- obsolete
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--
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-- regN = \ray ->
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-- let rays = add_s ray
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-- in
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-- mk2N ray rays ;
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--
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--
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-- add_s : Str -> Str = \w -> case w of {
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-- _ + ("io" | "oo") => w + "s" ; -- radio, bamboo
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-- _ + ("s" | "z" | "x" | "sh" | "ch" | "o") => w + "es" ; -- bus, hero
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-- _ + ("a" | "o" | "u" | "e") + "y" => w + "s" ; -- boy
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-- x + "y" => x + "ies" ; -- fly
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-- _ => w + "s" -- car
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-- } ;
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--
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-- mk2N = \man,men ->
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-- let mens = case last men of {
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-- "s" => men + "'" ;
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-- _ => men + "'s"
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-- }
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-- in
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-- mk4N man men (man + "'s") mens ;
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--
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-- mk4N = \man,men,man's,men's ->
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-- mkNoun man man's men men's ** {g = Neutr ; lock_N = <>} ;
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--
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-- genderN g man = {s = man.s ; g = g ; lock_N = <>} ;
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--
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-- compoundN s n = {s = \\x,y => s ++ n.s ! x ! y ; g=n.g ; lock_N = <>} ;
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--
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-- mkPN = overload {
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-- mkPN : Str -> PN = regPN ;
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-- mkPN : N -> PN = nounPN
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-- } ;
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--
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--
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-- mkN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = p.s} ;
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-- regN2 n = mkN2 (regN n) (mkPrep "of") ;
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-- mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s} ;
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--
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----3 Relational common noun phrases
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----
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---- In some cases, you may want to make a complex $CN$ into a
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---- relational noun (e.g. "the old town hall of").
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--
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-- cnN2 : CN -> Prep -> N2 ;
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-- cnN3 : CN -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
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--
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---- This is obsolete.
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-- cnN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = p.s} ;
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-- cnN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s} ;
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--
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-- regPN n = regGenPN n human ;
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-- regGenPN n g = nameReg n g ** {g = g ; lock_PN = <>} ;
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-- nounPN n = {s = n.s ! singular ; g = n.g ; lock_PN = <>} ;
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--
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-- mk2A a b = mkAdjective a a a b ** {lock_A = <>} ;
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-- regA a = regADeg a ** {lock_A = <>} ;
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--
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-- mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = p.s ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
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--
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-- ADeg = A ; ----
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--
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-- mkADeg a b c d = mkAdjective a b c d ** {lock_A = <>} ;
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--
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-- regADeg happy =
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-- let
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-- happ = init happy ;
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-- y = last happy ;
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-- happie = case y of {
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-- "y" => happ + "ie" ;
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-- "e" => happy ;
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-- _ => happy + "e"
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-- } ;
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-- happily : Str = case happy of {
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-- _ + "y" => happ + "ily" ;
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-- _ + "ll" => happy + "y" ;
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-- _ => happy + "ly"
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-- } ;
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-- in mkADeg happy (happie + "r") (happie + "st") happily ;
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--
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-- duplADeg fat =
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-- mkADeg fat
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-- (fat + last fat + "er") (fat + last fat + "est") (fat + "ly") ;
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--
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-- compoundADeg a =
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-- let ad = (a.s ! AAdj Posit)
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-- in mkADeg ad ("more" ++ ad) ("most" ++ ad) (a.s ! AAdv) ;
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--
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-- adegA a = a ;
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--
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-- mkAdv x = ss x ** {lock_Adv = <>} ;
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-- mkAdV x = ss x ** {lock_AdV = <>} ;
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-- mkAdA x = ss x ** {lock_AdA = <>} ;
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--
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-- mkPrep p = ss p ** {lock_Prep = <>} ;
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-- noPrep = mkPrep [] ;
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--
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-- mk5V a b c d e = mkVerb a b c d e ** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = <>} ;
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--
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-- regV cry =
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-- let
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-- cr = init cry ;
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-- y = last cry ;
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-- cries = (regN cry).s ! Pl ! Nom ; -- !
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-- crie = init cries ;
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-- cried = case last crie of {
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-- "e" => crie + "d" ;
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-- _ => crie + "ed"
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-- } ;
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-- crying = case y of {
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-- "e" => case last cr of {
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-- "e" => cry + "ing" ;
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-- _ => cr + "ing"
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-- } ;
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-- _ => cry + "ing"
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-- }
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-- in mk5V cry cries cried cried crying ;
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--
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-- reg2V fit fitted =
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-- let fitt = Predef.tk 2 fitted ;
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-- in mk5V fit (fit + "s") (fitt + "ed") (fitt + "ed") (fitt + "ing") ;
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--
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-- regDuplV fit =
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-- case last fit of {
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-- ("a" | "e" | "i" | "o" | "u" | "y") =>
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-- Predef.error (["final duplication makes no sense for"] ++ fit) ;
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-- t =>
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-- let fitt = fit + t in
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-- mk5V fit (fit + "s") (fitt + "ed") (fitt + "ed") (fitt + "ing")
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-- } ;
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--
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-- irregV x y z = let reg = (regV x).s in
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-- mk5V x (reg ! VPres) y z (reg ! VPresPart) ** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = <>} ;
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--
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-- irreg4V x y z w = let reg = (regV x).s in
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-- mk5V x (reg ! VPres) y z w ** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = <>} ;
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--
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-- irregDuplV fit y z =
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-- let
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-- fitting = (regDuplV fit).s ! VPresPart
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-- in
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-- mk5V fit (fit + "s") y z fitting ;
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--
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-- partV v p = verbPart v p ** {lock_V = <>} ;
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-- reflV v = {s = v.s ; part = v.part ; lock_V = v.lock_V ; isRefl = True} ;
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--
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-- prepV2 v p = v ** {s = v.s ; s1 = v.s1 ; c2 = p.s ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
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-- dirV2 v = prepV2 v noPrep ;
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--
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-- mkV3 v p q = v ** {s = v.s ; s1 = v.s1 ; c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s ; lock_V3 = <>} ;
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-- dirV3 v p = mkV3 v noPrep p ;
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-- dirdirV3 v = dirV3 v noPrep ;
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--
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-- mkVS v = v ** {lock_VS = <>} ;
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-- mkVV v = {
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-- s = table {VVF vf => v.s ! vf ; _ => variants {}} ;
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-- isAux = False ; lock_VV = <>
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-- } ;
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-- mkVQ v = v ** {lock_VQ = <>} ;
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--
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-- V0 : Type = V ;
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---- V2S, V2V, V2Q : Type = V2 ;
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-- AS, A2S, AV : Type = A ;
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-- A2V : Type = A2 ;
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--
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-- mkV0 v = v ** {lock_V = <>} ;
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-- mkV2S v p = prepV2 v p ** {lock_V2S = <>} ;
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-- mkV2V v p t = prepV2 v p ** {isAux = False ; lock_V2V = <>} ;
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-- mkVA v = v ** {lock_VA = <>} ;
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-- mkV2A v p = prepV2 v p ** {lock_V2A = <>} ;
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-- mkV2Q v p = prepV2 v p ** {lock_V2Q = <>} ;
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--
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-- mkAS v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ;
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-- mkA2S v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A = <>} ;
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-- mkAV v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ;
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-- mkA2V v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A2 = <>} ;
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--
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--
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---- pre-overload API and overload definitions
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--
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-- mk4N : (man,men,man's,men's : Str) -> N ;
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-- regN : Str -> N ;
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-- mk2N : (man,men : Str) -> N ;
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-- genderN : Gender -> N -> N ;
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-- compoundN : Str -> N -> N ;
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--
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-- mkN = overload {
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-- mkN : (man,men,man's,men's : Str) -> N = mk4N ;
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-- mkN : Str -> N = regN ;
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-- mkN : (man,men : Str) -> N = mk2N ;
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-- mkN : Gender -> N -> N = genderN ;
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-- mkN : Str -> N -> N = compoundN
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-- } ;
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--
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--
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-- mk2A : (free,freely : Str) -> A ;
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-- regA : Str -> A ;
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--
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-- mkA = overload {
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-- mkA : Str -> A = regA ;
|
|
-- mkA : (fat,fatter : Str) -> A = \fat,fatter ->
|
|
-- mkAdjective fat fatter (init fatter + "st") (fat + "ly") ** {lock_A = <>} ;
|
|
-- mkA : (good,better,best,well : Str) -> A = \a,b,c,d ->
|
|
-- mkAdjective a b c d ** {lock_A = <>}
|
|
-- } ;
|
|
--
|
|
-- compoundA = compoundADeg ;
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
-- mk5V : (go, goes, went, gone, going : Str) -> V ;
|
|
-- regV : (cry : Str) -> V ;
|
|
-- reg2V : (stop, stopped : Str) -> V;
|
|
-- irregV : (drink, drank, drunk : Str) -> V ;
|
|
-- irreg4V : (run, ran, run, running : Str) -> V ;
|
|
--
|
|
-- -- Use reg2V instead
|
|
-- regDuplV : Str -> V ;
|
|
-- -- Use irreg4V instead
|
|
-- irregDuplV : (get, got, gotten : Str) -> V ;
|
|
--
|
|
-- mkV = overload {
|
|
-- mkV : (cry : Str) -> V = regV ;
|
|
-- mkV : (stop, stopped : Str) -> V = reg2V ;
|
|
-- mkV : (drink, drank, drunk : Str) -> V = irregV ;
|
|
-- mkV : (run, ran, run, running : Str) -> V = irreg4V ;
|
|
-- mkV : (go, goes, went, gone, going : Str) -> V = mk5V
|
|
-- };
|
|
--
|
|
-- prepV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
|
|
-- dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
|
--
|
|
-- mkV2 = overload {
|
|
-- mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 = prepV2;
|
|
-- mkV2 : V -> V2 = dirV2
|
|
-- };
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
------ obsolete
|
|
--
|
|
---- Comparison adjectives may two more forms.
|
|
--
|
|
-- ADeg : Type ;
|
|
--
|
|
-- mkADeg : (good,better,best,well : Str) -> ADeg ;
|
|
--
|
|
---- The regular pattern recognizes two common variations:
|
|
---- "-e" ("rude" - "ruder" - "rudest") and
|
|
---- "-y" ("happy - happier - happiest - happily")
|
|
--
|
|
-- regADeg : Str -> ADeg ; -- long, longer, longest
|
|
--
|
|
---- However, the duplication of the final consonant is nor predicted,
|
|
---- but a separate pattern is used:
|
|
--
|
|
-- duplADeg : Str -> ADeg ; -- fat, fatter, fattest
|
|
--
|
|
---- If comparison is formed by "more", "most", as in general for
|
|
---- long adjective, the following pattern is used:
|
|
--
|
|
-- compoundADeg : A -> ADeg ; -- -/more/most ridiculous
|
|
--
|
|
---- From a given $ADeg$, it is possible to get back to $A$.
|
|
--
|
|
-- adegA : ADeg -> A ;
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
-- regPN : Str -> PN ;
|
|
-- regGenPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; -- John, John's
|
|
--
|
|
---- Sometimes you can reuse a common noun as a proper name, e.g. "Bank".
|
|
--
|
|
-- nounPN : N -> PN ;
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
}
|