(May) WIP: Possessive and object pronouns

src/malay/AdverbMay.gf

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ lin
 --    ComparAdvAdjS : CAdv -> A -> S  -> Adv ; -- more warmly than he runs
 
   -- : Prep -> NP -> Adv ;
-  PrepNP = cc2 ;
+  PrepNP prep np = {s = applyPrep prep np} ;
 
 -- Adverbs can be modified by 'adadjectives', just like adjectives.
 

src/malay/LexiconMay.gf

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ lin drink_V2 = mkV2 "minum" ;
 
 -- lin ear_N = mkN "" ;
 -- lin earth_N = mkN "" ;
--- lin eat_V2 = mkV2 "" ;
+lin eat_V2 = mkV2 "makan" ;
 -- lin egg_N = mkN "" ;
 -- lin empty_A = mkA "" ;
 -- lin enemy_N = mkN "" ;
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ lin green_A = mkA "hijau" ;
 -- lin heart_N = mkN "" ;
 -- lin heavy_A = mkA "" ;
 -- lin hill_N = mkN "" ;
--- lin hit_V2 = mkV2 "" ;
+lin hit_V2 = mkV2 "pukul" ;
 -- lin hold_V2 = mkV2 "" ;
 -- lin hope_VS = mkV "" ;
 -- lin horn_N = mkN "" ;
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ lin person_N = mkN "orang" ;
 -- lin radio_N = mkN "" ;
 -- lin rain_N = mkN "" ;
 -- lin rain_V0 = mkV "" ;
--- lin read_V2 = mkV2 "" ;
+lin read_V2 = mkV2 "baca" ;
 -- lin ready_A = mkA "" ;
 -- lin reason_N = mkN "" ;
 -- lin red_A = mkA "" ;

src/malay/NounMay.gf

@@ -7,13 +7,11 @@ concrete NounMay of Noun = CatMay ** open ResMay, Prelude in {
 --2 Noun phrases
 
 -- : Det -> CN -> NP
-    DetCN det cn = {
+    DetCN det cn = emptyNP ** {
-      s =
+      s = \\poss => case det.poss of {
-        case det.isPoss of {
+        Bare => cn.s ! NF det.n poss ;
-          True => cn.s ! NF det.n (Poss P3) ; -- TODO add possessive determiners
+        _ => cn.s ! NF det.n det.poss -- TODO check if this make sense
-          False => cn.s ! NF det.n Bare }
+        } ++ det.s ;
-        ++ det.s ;
-      p = P3
       } ;
 
   -- : PN -> NP ;
@@ -21,7 +19,10 @@ concrete NounMay of Noun = CatMay ** open ResMay, Prelude in {
 --    } ;
 
   -- : Pron -> NP ;
-  -- UsePron pron = pron ;
+    UsePron pron = pron ** {
+      s = \\_ => pron.s ;
+      a = IsPron pron.p ;
+    };
 
   -- : Predet -> NP -> NP ; -- only the man
   -- PredetNP predet np =
@@ -39,19 +40,19 @@ concrete NounMay of Noun = CatMay ** open ResMay, Prelude in {
 
   -- : NP -> RS -> NP ;    -- Paris, which is here
     RelNP np rs = np ** {
-      s = np.s ++ rs.s ! np.p
+      s = \\poss => np.s ! poss ++ rs.s ! agr2p np.a
       } ;
 
 -- Determiners can form noun phrases directly.
 
   -- : Det -> NP ;
-  -- DetNP det = emptyNP ** {
+    DetNP det = emptyNP ** {
-  --   } ;
+      s = \\_ => det.s ;
+      } ;
 
   -- MassNP : CN -> NP ;
-    MassNP cn = {
+    MassNP cn = emptyNP ** {
-      s = cn.s ! NF Sg Bare ;
+      s = \\poss => cn.s ! NF Sg poss
-      p = P3
       } ;
 
 --2 Determiners
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ concrete NounMay of Noun = CatMay ** open ResMay, Prelude in {
 
   -- : Quant -> Num -> Det ;
     DetQuant quant num = quant ** {
+      s = quant.s ++ num.s ! Attrib ;
       n = num.n
       } ;
 
@@ -102,8 +104,6 @@ concrete NounMay of Noun = CatMay ** open ResMay, Prelude in {
 
   -- : A       -> Ord ;
   -- OrdSuperl a = {
-  --   s = \\af => "제일" ++ a.s ! af ;
-  --   n = Sg -- ?? is this meaningful?
   --   } ;
 
 -- One can combine a numeral and a superlative.
@@ -112,16 +112,16 @@ concrete NounMay of Noun = CatMay ** open ResMay, Prelude in {
   -- OrdNumeralSuperl num a = num ** {  } ;
 
   -- : Quant
-  DefArt = baseQuant ** {sp = \\_ => []} ;
+  DefArt = mkQuant [] ;
 
   -- : Quant
-  IndefArt = baseQuant ** {sp = \\_ => []} ;
+  IndefArt = mkQuant [] ;
 
   -- : Pron -> Quant
-  -- PossPron pron =
+  PossPron pron = mkQuant pron.s ** {
-  --   let p = pron.poss ;
+    poss = Bare ; -- this becomes "kucing dia". for "kucingnya", use PossNP.
-  --    in DefArt ** {
+    } ;
-  --       } ;
+
 
 --2 Common nouns
 
@@ -130,7 +130,14 @@ concrete NounMay of Noun = CatMay ** open ResMay, Prelude in {
   UseN,UseN2 = ResMay.useN ;
 
   -- : N2 -> NP -> CN ;
-  -- ComplN2 n2 np =
+  ComplN2 n2 np = {
+    s = \\nf =>
+      case <n2.c2.isPoss, np.a, nf> of {
+        <True, IsPron p, NF num _>
+          => n2.s ! NF num (Poss p) ++ np.empty ;
+        _ => n2.s ! nf ++ applyPrep n2.c2 np
+      }
+    } ;
 
   -- : N3 -> NP -> N2 ;    -- distance from this city (to Paris)
   -- ComplN3 n3 np =
@@ -173,8 +180,13 @@ concrete NounMay of Noun = CatMay ** open ResMay, Prelude in {
 --2 Possessive and partitive constructs
 
   -- : PossNP  : CN -> NP -> CN ;
-  -- PossNP cn np = cn ** {
+  PossNP cn np = cn ** {
-  --   } ;
+    s = \\nf => case <np.a, nf> of {
+      <IsPron p, NF num _>
+        => cn.s ! NF num (Poss p) ++ np.empty ;
+      _ => cn.s ! nf ++ np.s ! Bare
+      }
+    } ;
 
   -- : CN -> NP -> CN ;     -- glass of wine / two kilos of red apples
   -- PartNP cn np = cn ** {

src/malay/ParadigmsMay.gf

@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ oper
 
 
   mkN2 = overload {
-    mkN2 : Str -> N2 = \s -> lin N2 (mkNoun s) ;
+    mkN2 : Str -> N2 = \s -> lin N2 (mkNoun s ** {c2 = emptyPrep}) ;
-    mkN2 : N   -> N2 = \n -> lin N2 n ;
+    mkN2 : N   -> N2 = \n -> lin N2 (n ** {c2 = emptyPrep}) ;
    } ;
 
   -- mkPN = overload {

src/malay/ParamMay.gf

@@ -79,6 +79,8 @@ param
 
   NForm = NF Number Possession ;
 
+  NPAgr = NotPron | IsPron Person ;
+
 oper
   poss2str : Possession -> Str = \p -> case p of {
     Bare    => [] ;
@@ -89,6 +91,10 @@ oper
 
   duplicate : Str -> Str = \s -> s + "-" + s ;
 
+  agr2p : NPAgr -> Person = \a -> case a of {
+    NotPron => P3 ;
+    IsPron p => p
+    } ;
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Numerals
 

src/malay/PhraseMay.gf

@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ concrete PhraseMay of Phrase = CatMay ** open Prelude, ResMay in {
     UttS s = s ;
     UttQS qs = qs ;
     UttIAdv iadv = iadv ;
+    UttNP np = {s = np.s ! Bare} ;
 {-
     UttImpSg pol imp =
     UttImpPl pol imp =
     UttImpPol = UttImpSg ;
 
     UttIP ip = {s = ip.s ! } ;
-    UttNP np = {s = np.s ! } ;
     UttVP vp = {s = } ;
     UttAdv adv = {s = } ;
     UttCN n = {s = } ;

src/malay/ResMay.gf

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ oper
   Noun : Type = {
     s : NForm => Str
     } ;
-  Noun2 : Type = Noun ; -- TODO eventually more parameters?
+  Noun2 : Type = Noun ** {c2 : Preposition} ;
-  Noun3 : Type = Noun ;
+  Noun3 : Type = Noun2 ** {c3 : Preposition} ;
 
   CNoun : Type = Noun ** {
     } ;
@@ -25,29 +25,40 @@ oper
   useN : Noun -> CNoun = \n -> n ;
 
 ---------------------------------------------
+-- Pronoun
+
+  Pronoun : Type = {
+    s : Str ;
+    p : Person ; -- for relative clauses
+    empty : Str ; -- need to avoid GF being silly. See https://inariksit.github.io/gf/2018/08/28/gf-gotchas.html#metavariables-or-those-question-marks-that-appear-when-parsing
+    } ;
+
+  mkPron : Str -> Person -> Pronoun = \str,p -> {
+    s = str ;
+    p = p ;
+    empty = []
+    } ;
+---------------------------------------------
 -- NP
 
-  NounPhrase = {
+  NounPhrase : Type = {
-    s : Str ;
+    s : Possession => Str ; -- maybe need to keep +nya etc. open for becoming possessed? TODO check
-    p : Person -- for relative clauses
+    a : NPAgr ; -- NP can be made out of nouns and pronouns, need to retain its origin
+    empty : Str ; -- need to avoid GF being silly. See https://inariksit.github.io/gf/2018/08/28/gf-gotchas.html#metavariables-or-those-question-marks-that-appear-when-parsing
     } ;
 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  emptyNP : NounPhrase = {
--- Pronouns
+    s = \\_ => [] ;
-
+    a = NotPron ;
-  Pronoun : Type = NounPhrase ** {
+    empty = []
-    -- poss : { -- for PossPron : Pron -> Quant
-    --   } ;
-    sp : NForm => Str ;
     } ;
 
-
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Det, Quant, Card, Ord
 
   BaseQuant : Type = {
     s : Str ;
-    isPoss : Bool
+    poss : Possession ;
     } ;
 
   Determiner : Type = BaseQuant ** {
@@ -77,7 +88,7 @@ oper
 
   baseQuant : BaseQuant = {
     s = [] ;
-    isPoss = False ;
+    poss = Bare ;
     } ;
 
   mkQuant : Str -> Quant = \str -> baseQuant ** {
@@ -85,22 +96,34 @@ oper
     sp = \\_ => str
     } ;
 
-  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- Prepositions
 
   Preposition : Type = {
     s : Str ;             -- dengan
-    obj : Person => Str -- dengan+nya -- needed in relative clauses to refer to the object
+    obj : Person => Str ; -- dengan+nya -- needed in relative clauses to refer to the object
+    isPoss : Bool ;
     } ;
 
   mkPrep : Str -> Preposition = \dengan -> {
     s = dengan ;
-    obj = \\p => dengan + poss2str (Poss p)
+    obj = \\p => dengan + poss2str (Poss p) ;
+    isPoss = False ;
     } ;
 
   emptyPrep : Preposition = {
     s = [] ;
-    obj = \\_ => []
+    obj = table {
+      P1 => BIND ++ "ku" ;
+      P2 => BIND ++ "mu" ;
+      P3 => BIND ++ "nya" } ;
+    isPoss = True ;
+    } ;
+
+  applyPrep : Preposition -> NounPhrase -> Str = \prep,np ->
+    case np.a of {
+      IsPron p => prep.obj ! p ++ np.empty ;
+      NotPron => prep.s ++ np.s ! Bare
     } ;
 
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -198,7 +221,7 @@ oper
   Sentence : Type = {s : Str} ;
 
   predVP : NounPhrase -> VerbPhrase -> Clause = \np,vp -> {
-    subj = np.s ;
+    subj = np.s ! Bare ;
     pred = vp.s
     } ;
 

src/malay/StructuralMay.gf

@@ -119,14 +119,14 @@ lin with_Prep = mkPrep "dengan" ;
 
 -- Pronouns are closed class, no constructor in ParadigmsMay.
   -- it_Pron =
-  -- i_Pron =
+lin i_Pron = mkPron "saya" P1 ;
-  -- youPol_Pron,
+-- lin youPol_Pron = mkPron "" P3 ;
-  -- youSg_Pron =
+-- lin youSg_Pron =
-  -- he_Pron =
+lin he_Pron = mkPron "dia" P3 ;
-  -- she_Pron =
+lin she_Pron = mkPron "dia" P3 ;
-  -- we_Pron =
+lin we_Pron = mkPron "kami" P1 ;
-  -- youPl_Pron =
+-- lin youPl_Pron =
-  -- they_Pron =
+lin they_Pron = mkPron "mereka" P3 ;
 
 --lin whatPl_IP = ;
 --lin whatSg_IP = :

src/malay/VerbMay.gf

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ lin
 
   -- : V3 -> NP -> VPSlash ; -- give it (to her)
   Slash2V3 v3 dobj = useV {
-    s = \\vf => v3.s ! vf ++ v3.c2.s ++ dobj.s
+    s = \\vf => v3.s ! vf ++ applyPrep v3.c2 dobj
     } ** {
       c2 = v3.c3 -- Now the VPSlash is missing only the indirect object
     } ;
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ lin
 -}
   -- : VPSlash -> NP -> VP
   ComplSlash vps np = vps ** {
-    s = \\vf,pol => vps.s ! vf ! pol ++ vps.c2.s ++ np.s
+    s = \\vf,pol => vps.s ! vf ! pol ++ applyPrep vps.c2 np
     } ;
 
   -- : VV  -> VPSlash -> VPSlash ;
@@ -111,9 +111,12 @@ lin
   CompCN cn = useComp (cn.s ! NF Sg Bare) ;
 
   --  NP  -> Comp ;
-  CompNP np = useComp np.s ;
+  CompNP np = useComp (np.s ! Bare) ;
 
   -- : Adv  -> Comp ;
+  --"Both bukan and tidak may negate prepositional phrases. The choice of either
+  --depends on whether it is the noun within the phrase that is being negated
+  --or the implied verb associated with the phrase." Mintz p. 281 (10.1.4)
   CompAdv adv = useV {s = \\_ => adv.s} ;
 
   -- : VP -- Copula alone;

src/malay/unittest/pronouns.gftest

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+----------
+-- Objects
+
+-- that cat is with me
+Lang: UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (DetCN (DetQuant that_Quant NumSg) (UseN cat_N)) (UseComp (CompAdv (PrepNP with_Prep (UsePron i_Pron)))))
+LangEng: that cat is with me
+LangMay: kucing itu denganku
+
+-- my cats are with that person
+Lang: UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (DetCN (DetQuant IndefArt NumPl) (PossNP (UseN cat_N) (UsePron i_Pron))) (UseComp (CompAdv (PrepNP with_Prep (DetCN (DetQuant that_Quant NumSg) (UseN person_N))))))
+LangMay: kucing-kucingku dengan orang itu
+
+-- I hit him/her
+-- the &+ is a magic token, it will render in applications as "memukulnya"
+Lang: UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (ComplSlash (SlashV2a hit_V2) (UsePron he_Pron)))
+LangMay: saya memukul &+ nya
+
+-- I hit that person
+Lang: UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (ComplSlash (SlashV2a hit_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant that_Quant NumSg) (UseN person_N))))
+LangMay: saya memukul orang itu
+
+-------------
+-- Possession
+
+-- that cat is mine
+Lang: UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (DetCN (DetQuant that_Quant NumSg) (UseN cat_N)) (UseComp (CompNP (DetNP (DetQuant (PossPron i_Pron) NumSg)))))
+LangMay: kucing itu saya
+
+-- his/her cat is green
+Lang: UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (DetCN (DetQuant (PossPron he_Pron) NumSg) (UseN cat_N)) (UseComp (CompAP (PositA green_A))))
+LangMay: kucing dia hijau
+
+-- I read his/her father's book
+Lang: UseCl (TTAnt TPast ASimul) PPos (PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (ComplSlash (SlashV2a read_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (PossNP (UseN book_N) (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (PossNP (UseN2 father_N2) (UsePron she_Pron)))))))
+LangMay: saya membaca buku bapanya
+
+-- the cat buys his/her book -- two variants
+Lang: UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (DetCN (DetQuant that_Quant NumSg) (UseN cat_N)) (ComplSlash (SlashV2a buy_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant (PossPron she_Pron) NumSg) (UseN book_N))))
+LangMay: kucing itu membeli buku dia
+
+Lang: UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (DetCN (DetQuant that_Quant NumSg) (UseN cat_N)) (ComplSlash (SlashV2a buy_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant IndefArt NumSg) (PossNP (UseN book_N) (UsePron she_Pron)))))
+LangMay: kucing itu membeli bukunya
+
+-- Only the noun phrase
+Lang: MassNP (PossNP (UseN book_N) (UsePron he_Pron))
+LangMay: bukunya
+
+Lang: DetCN (DetQuant (PossPron he_Pron) NumSg) (UseN book_N)
+LangMay: buku dia
+
+-- For non-pronoun NPs, only this variant
+Lang: MassNP (PossNP (UseN book_N) (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (UseN cat_N)))
+LangMay: buku kucing