diff --git a/src/english/CatEng.gf b/src/english/CatEng.gf
index cd7c3e306..dbdba346e 100644
--- a/src/english/CatEng.gf
+++ b/src/english/CatEng.gf
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ concrete CatEng of Cat = CommonX - [Pol,SC] ** open ResEng, Prelude in {
     DAP, Det = {s : Str ; sp : Gender => Bool => NPCase => Str ; n : Number ; hasNum : Bool} ;
     Predet = {s : Str} ;
     Ord = { s : Case => Str } ;
-    Num  = {s : Case => Str ; n : Number ; hasCard : Bool} ;
-    Card = {s : Case => Str ; n : Number} ;
-    Quant = {s : Bool => Number => Str ; sp : Gender => Bool => Number => NPCase => Str} ;
+    Num  = {s,sp : Bool => Case => Str ; n : Number ; hasCard : Bool} ;
+    Card = {s,sp : Bool => Case => Str ; n : Number} ;
+    Quant = {s : Bool => Number => Str ; sp : Gender => Bool => Number => NPCase => Str; isDef : Bool} ;
 
 -- Numeral
 
diff --git a/src/english/CompatibilityEng.gf b/src/english/CompatibilityEng.gf
index 119f83bf2..1efad7a9b 100644
--- a/src/english/CompatibilityEng.gf
+++ b/src/english/CompatibilityEng.gf
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ concrete CompatibilityEng of Compatibility = CatEng ** open Prelude, ResEng in {
 -- from Noun 19/4/2008
 
 lin
-    NumInt n = {s = addGenitiveS n.s ; n = Pl ; hasCard = True} ; 
-    OrdInt n = {s = \\c => n.s ++ (regGenitiveS "th")!c } ;
+    NumInt n = {s,sp = \\_ => addGenitiveS n.s ; n = Pl ; hasCard = True} ; 
+    OrdInt n = {s    = \\c => n.s ++ (regGenitiveS "th")!c } ;
 
 oper
     -- Note: this results in a space before 's, but there's
diff --git a/src/english/ExtendEng.gf b/src/english/ExtendEng.gf
index 35fcc579e..5f95906ef 100644
--- a/src/english/ExtendEng.gf
+++ b/src/english/ExtendEng.gf
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ concrete ExtendEng of Extend =
     ParadigmsEng in {
 
   lin
-    GenNP np = {s = \\_,_ => np.s ! npGen ; sp = \\_,_,_,_ => np.s ! npGen} ;
+    GenNP np = {s = \\_,_ => np.s ! npGen ; sp = \\_,_,_,_ => np.s ! npGen ; isDef = True} ;
     GenIP ip = {s = \\_ => ip.s ! NCase Gen} ;
     GenRP nu cn = {
-      s = \\c => "whose" ++ nu.s ! Nom ++ 
+      s = \\c => "whose" ++ nu.s ! False ! Nom ++ 
                  case c of {
                    RC _ (NCase Gen) => cn.s ! nu.n ! Gen ;
                    _ => cn.s ! nu.n ! Nom
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ concrete ExtendEng of Extend =
   lin 
     ReflRNP vps rnp = insertObjPre (\\a => vps.c2 ++ rnp.s ! a) vps ;
     ReflPron = {s = reflPron} ;
-    ReflPoss num cn = {s = \\a => possPron ! a ++ num.s ! Nom ++ cn.s ! num.n ! Nom} ;
+    ReflPoss num cn = {s = \\a => possPron ! a ++ num.s ! True ! Nom ++ cn.s ! num.n ! Nom} ;
     PredetRNP predet rnp = {s = \\a => predet.s ++ rnp.s ! a} ;
 
     ConjRNP conj rpns = conjunctDistrTable Agr conj rpns ;
diff --git a/src/english/ExtraEng.gf b/src/english/ExtraEng.gf
index 2968bbc55..465b64c5d 100644
--- a/src/english/ExtraEng.gf
+++ b/src/english/ExtraEng.gf
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ concrete ExtraEng of ExtraEngAbs = CatEng **
   open ResEng, Coordination, Prelude, MorphoEng, ParadigmsEng in {
 
   lin
-    GenNP np = {s = \\_,_ => np.s ! npGen ; sp = \\_,_,_,_ => np.s ! npGen} ;
+    GenNP np = {s = \\_,_ => np.s ! npGen ; sp = \\_,_,_,_ => np.s ! npGen; isDef = True} ;
     GenIP ip = {s = \\_ => ip.s ! NCase Gen} ;
     GenRP nu cn = {
-      s = \\c => "whose" ++ nu.s ! Nom ++ 
+      s = \\c => "whose" ++ nu.s ! False ! Nom ++ 
                  case c of {
                    RC _ (NCase Gen) => cn.s ! nu.n ! Gen ;
                    _ => cn.s ! nu.n ! Nom
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ lin
   lin 
     ReflRNP vps rnp = insertObjPre (\\a => vps.c2 ++ rnp.s ! a) vps ;
     ReflPron = {s = reflPron} ;
-    ReflPoss num cn = {s = \\a => possPron ! a ++ num.s ! Nom ++ cn.s ! num.n ! Nom} ;
+    ReflPoss num cn = {s = \\a => possPron ! a ++ num.s ! True ! Nom ++ cn.s ! num.n ! Nom} ;
     PredetRNP predet rnp = {s = \\a => predet.s ++ rnp.s ! a} ;
 
     ConjRNP conj rpns = conjunctDistrTable Agr conj rpns ;
diff --git a/src/english/NounEng.gf b/src/english/NounEng.gf
index c4ec24f6a..a32a25458 100644
--- a/src/english/NounEng.gf
+++ b/src/english/NounEng.gf
@@ -36,19 +36,20 @@ concrete NounEng of Noun = CatEng ** open MorphoEng, ResEng, Prelude in {
       a = np.a
       } ;
 
+
     DetQuant quant num = {
-      s  = quant.s ! num.hasCard ! num.n ++ num.s ! Nom;
+      s  = quant.s ! num.hasCard ! num.n ++ num.s ! quant.isDef ! Nom;
       sp = \\g,hasAdj,c => case num.hasCard of {
-                             False => quant.sp ! g ! (orB hasAdj num.hasCard) ! num.n ! c ++ num.s ! Nom ;
-                             True  => quant.s  !     num.hasCard              ! num.n     ++ num.s ! npcase2case c
+                             False => quant.sp ! g ! hasAdj ! num.n ! c ++ num.s  ! quant.isDef ! Nom ;
+                             True  => quant.s  !     True   ! num.n     ++ num.sp ! quant.isDef ! npcase2case c
                            } ;
       n  = num.n ;
       hasNum = num.hasCard
       } ;
 
     DetQuantOrd quant num ord = {
-      s  =            quant.s  ! num.hasCard ! num.n ++ num.s ! Nom ++ ord.s ! Nom; 
-      sp = \\g,_,c => quant.s  ! num.hasCard ! num.n ++ num.s ! Nom ++ ord.s ! npcase2case c ; 
+      s  =            quant.s  ! num.hasCard ! num.n ++ num.s ! quant.isDef ! Nom ++ ord.s ! Nom; 
+      sp = \\g,_,c => quant.s  ! num.hasCard ! num.n ++ num.s ! quant.isDef ! Nom ++ ord.s ! npcase2case c ; 
       n  = num.n ;
       hasNum = True
       } ;
@@ -64,21 +65,24 @@ concrete NounEng of Noun = CatEng ** open MorphoEng, ResEng, Prelude in {
       sp = \\_,hasAdj,_,c => case hasAdj of {
                                True  => p.s ! NCase Gen ;
                                False => p.sp ! npcase2case c
-                             }
+                             } ;
+      isDef = True
       } ;
 
-    NumSg = {s = \\c => []; n = Sg ; hasCard = False} ;
-    NumPl = {s = \\c => []; n = Pl ; hasCard = False} ;
+    NumSg = {s,sp = \\_,c => []; n = Sg ; hasCard = False} ;
+    NumPl = {s,sp = \\_,c => []; n = Pl ; hasCard = False} ;
 
     NumCard n = n ** {hasCard = True} ;
 
-    NumDigits n = {s = n.s ! NCard ; n = n.n} ;
-    OrdDigits n = {s = n.s ! NOrd} ;
+    NumDigits n = {s,sp = \\_ => n.s ! NCard ; n = n.n} ;
+    OrdDigits n = {s    = n.s ! NOrd} ;
 
-    NumNumeral numeral = {s = numeral.s ! NCard; n = numeral.n} ;
-    OrdNumeral numeral = {s = numeral.s ! NOrd} ;
+    NumNumeral numeral = {s,sp = \\_ => numeral.s ! NCard; n = numeral.n} ;
+    OrdNumeral numeral = {s    = numeral.s ! NOrd} ;
 
-    AdNum adn num = {s = \\c => adn.s ++ num.s!c ; n = num.n} ;
+    AdNum adn num = {s  = \\_,c => adn.s ++ num.s !False!c ;
+                     sp = \\_,c => adn.s ++ num.sp!False!c ;
+                     n  = num.n} ;
 
     OrdSuperl a = {s = \\c => a.s ! AAdj Superl c } ;
 
@@ -90,7 +94,8 @@ concrete NounEng of Noun = CatEng ** open MorphoEng, ResEng, Prelude in {
         <Sg,False> => table { NCase Gen => table Gender ["its"; "his"; "her"] ! g; _ => table Gender ["it"; "he"; "she"] ! g } ;
         <Pl,False> => table { NCase Nom => "they"; NPAcc => "them"; _ => "theirs" } ;
         _          => \\c => artDef
-        }
+        } ;
+      isDef = True
       } ;
 
     IndefArt = {
@@ -102,7 +107,8 @@ concrete NounEng of Noun = CatEng ** open MorphoEng, ResEng, Prelude in {
         <Sg,False> => table {NCase Gen => "one's"; _ => "one" };
         <Pl,False> => table {NCase Gen => "ones'"; _ => "ones" } ;
         _          => \\c => []
-        }
+        } ;
+      isDef = False
       } ;
 
     MassNP cn = {
diff --git a/src/english/ParadigmsEng.gf b/src/english/ParadigmsEng.gf
index e145d0327..c96ff38fd 100644
--- a/src/english/ParadigmsEng.gf
+++ b/src/english/ParadigmsEng.gf
@@ -443,7 +443,8 @@ mkInterj : Str -> Interj
     s = \\_    => table { Sg => sg ; Pl => pl } ;
     sp = \\g,_ => table {
       Sg => \\c => regGenitiveS (case g of {Masc=>sg1'; Fem=>sg1'; Neutr=>sg2'}) ! npcase2case c ; 
-      Pl => \\c => regGenitiveS (case g of {Masc=>pl1'; Fem=>pl1'; Neutr=>pl2'}) ! npcase2case c}
+      Pl => \\c => regGenitiveS (case g of {Masc=>pl1'; Fem=>pl1'; Neutr=>pl2'}) ! npcase2case c} ;
+    isDef = True
     } ;
 
   mkOrd : Str -> Ord = \x -> lin Ord { s = regGenitiveS x};
diff --git a/src/english/PhraseEng.gf b/src/english/PhraseEng.gf
index 122174140..946f82321 100644
--- a/src/english/PhraseEng.gf
+++ b/src/english/PhraseEng.gf
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ concrete PhraseEng of Phrase = CatEng ** open Prelude, ResEng in {
     UttVP vp = {s = infVP VVInf vp False Simul CPos (agrP3 Sg)} ;
     UttAdv adv = adv ;
     UttCN n = {s = n.s ! Sg ! Nom} ;
-    UttCard n = {s = n.s ! Nom} ;
+    UttCard n = {s = n.s ! False ! Nom} ;
     UttAP ap = {s = ap.s ! agrP3 Sg} ;
     UttInterj i = i ;
 
diff --git a/src/english/QuestionEng.gf b/src/english/QuestionEng.gf
index 6603b9134..2723a4109 100644
--- a/src/english/QuestionEng.gf
+++ b/src/english/QuestionEng.gf
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ concrete QuestionEng of Question = CatEng ** open ResEng, Prelude in {
       } ;
 
     IdetQuant idet num = {
-      s = idet.s ! num.n ++ num.s ! Nom ; 
+      s = idet.s ! num.n ++ num.s ! False ! Nom ; 
       n = num.n
       } ;
 
diff --git a/src/english/SymbolEng.gf b/src/english/SymbolEng.gf
index 52dfa684b..6da69adf8 100644
--- a/src/english/SymbolEng.gf
+++ b/src/english/SymbolEng.gf
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ lin
   SymbPN i = {s = addGenitiveS i.s ; g = Neutr} ;
   IntPN i  = {s = addGenitiveS i.s ; g = Neutr} ;
   FloatPN i = {s = addGenitiveS i.s ; g = Neutr} ;
-  NumPN i = {s = i.s ; g = Neutr} ;
+  NumPN i = {s = i.s ! False ; g = Neutr} ;
   CNIntNP cn i = {
     s = \\c => cn.s ! Sg ! Nom ++ (addGenitiveS i.s) ! npcase2case c ;
     a = agrgP3 Sg cn.g
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ lin
     a = agrgP3 det.n cn.g
     } ;
   CNNumNP cn i = {
-    s = \\c => cn.s ! Sg ! Nom ++ i.s ! npcase2case c ;
+    s = \\c => cn.s ! Sg ! Nom ++ i.s ! False ! npcase2case c ;
     a = agrgP3 Sg cn.g
     } ;
 
   SymbS sy = sy ; 
 
-  SymbNum sy = { s = addGenitiveS sy.s ; n = Pl ; hasCard = True } ;
-  SymbOrd sy = { s = \\c => sy.s ++ (regGenitiveS "th")!c} ;
+  SymbNum sy = { s,sp = \\_ => addGenitiveS sy.s ; n = Pl ; hasCard = True } ;
+  SymbOrd sy = { s    = \\c => sy.s ++ (regGenitiveS "th")!c} ;
 
 lincat