diff --git a/src/arabic/CatAra.gf b/src/arabic/CatAra.gf
index 1a3418559..95e4aed61 100644
--- a/src/arabic/CatAra.gf
+++ b/src/arabic/CatAra.gf
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ concrete CatAra of Cat = CommonX - [Utt]  ** open ResAra, Prelude, ParamX in {
 
 -- Sentence
 
-    Cl = ResAra.Cl ; -- {s : ResAra.Tense => Polarity => Order => Str} ;
+    Cl = ResAra.Cl ; -- {s : Tense => Polarity => Order => Str} ;
     ClSlash = ResAra.ClSlash ;
     Imp = {s : Polarity => Gender => ResAra.Number => Str} ;
 
 -- Question
 
-    QCl = ResAra.QCl ; -- {s : ResAra.Tense => Polarity => QForm => Str} ;
+    QCl = ResAra.QCl ; -- {s : Tense => Polarity => QForm => Str} ;
     IDet = ResAra.IDet ; -- {s : Gender => State => Case => Str ; n : Number} ;
     IP   = ResAra.IP ;   -- {s : (isPred : Bool) => State => Case => Str ; n : Number} ;
     IComp = ResAra.IComp ; -- 
diff --git a/src/arabic/QuestionAra.gf b/src/arabic/QuestionAra.gf
index a0af36dfe..af35450c5 100644
--- a/src/arabic/QuestionAra.gf
+++ b/src/arabic/QuestionAra.gf
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ concrete QuestionAra of Question = CatAra ** open ResAra, ParamX, Prelude, VerbA
 
    CompIAdv iadv = { s = \\_ => iadv.s ; n = ResAra.Sg } ;
 
-   --  QCl = {s : R.Tense => Polarity => QForm => Str} ;
+   --  QCl = {s : Tense => Polarity => QForm => Str} ;
    QuestSlash ip cl = { ----IL just guessing
       s = \\t,p,qf => 
          let o = case qf of { QDir => Nominal ; _ => Verbal } ; -- purely guessing
diff --git a/src/arabic/ResAra.gf b/src/arabic/ResAra.gf
index 25df5cd23..7841118e4 100644
--- a/src/arabic/ResAra.gf
+++ b/src/arabic/ResAra.gf
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ resource ResAra = PatternsAra ** open  Prelude, Predef, OrthoAra, ParamX  in {
     Gender  = Masc | Fem ;
     Case    = Nom | Acc | Gen
             | Bare ; -- 1st person poss. suff. overrides case
-    Person  = P1 | P2 | P3 ;
     Species = NoHum | Hum ;
     State   = Def | Indef | Const
             | Poss ; -- ة turns into ت
@@ -27,7 +26,6 @@ resource ResAra = PatternsAra ** open  Prelude, Predef, OrthoAra, ParamX  in {
                      -- case vowel retained
     Mood    = Ind | Cnj | Jus ;
     Voice   = Act | Pas ;
-    Tense   = Pres | Past | Fut ;
     Order   = Verbal | Nominal ;
 
   oper
diff --git a/src/arabic/SentenceAra.gf b/src/arabic/SentenceAra.gf
index 682b037a2..159e1cea9 100644
--- a/src/arabic/SentenceAra.gf
+++ b/src/arabic/SentenceAra.gf
@@ -39,20 +39,20 @@ concrete SentenceAra of Sentence = CatAra ** open
             yaktubu = vp.s ! pgn ! VPImpf Ind ;
             yaktuba = vp.s ! pgn ! VPImpf Cnj ;
             yaktub  = vp.s ! pgn ! VPImpf Jus ;
-            vStr : ResAra.Tense -> Polarity -> Str =
+            vStr : ParamX.Tense -> Polarity -> Str =
               \tn,pl -> case<vp.isPred,tn,pl> of {
-              <False, ResAra.Pres, Pos> => yaktubu ;
-              <False, ResAra.Pres, Neg> => "لَا" ++ yaktubu ;
-              <True, ResAra.Pres, Pos> => "" ;      --no verb "to be" in present
-              <True, ResAra.Pres, Neg> => "لَيسَ" ;--same here, just add negation particle
-              <_, ResAra.Past, Pos> => kataba ;
-              <_, ResAra.Past, Neg> => "لَمْ" ++ yaktub ;
-              <_, ResAra.Fut,  Pos> => "سَ" ++ yaktubu ;
-              <_, ResAra.Fut,  Neg> => "لَنْ" ++ yaktuba
+              <False, Pres, Pos> => yaktubu ;
+              <False, Pres, Neg> => "لَا" ++ yaktubu ;
+              <True, Pres, Pos> => "" ;      --no verb "to be" in present
+              <True, Pres, Neg> => "لَيسَ" ;--same here, just add negation particle
+              <_, Past, Pos> => kataba ;
+              <_, Past, Neg> => "لَمْ" ++ yaktub ;
+              <_, _Fut,  Pos> => "سَ" ++ yaktubu ;
+              <_, _Fut,  Neg> => "لَنْ" ++ yaktuba
               };
-            pred : ResAra.Tense -> Polarity -> Str =
+            pred : ParamX.Tense -> Polarity -> Str =
               \tn,pl -> case <vp.isPred,tn,pl>  of {
-              <True, ResAra.Pres, Pos> => vp.pred.s ! gn ! Nom; --xabar marfooc
+              <True, Pres, Pos> => vp.pred.s ! gn ! Nom; --xabar marfooc
               _ => vp.pred.s ! gn ! Acc --xabar kaana wa laysa manSoob
               };
 
@@ -113,19 +113,20 @@ concrete SentenceAra of Sentence = CatAra ** open
 --
 
     UseCl t p cl =
-      {s = case <t.t,t.a> of { --- IL guessed tenses
-             <(Pres|Cond),Simul>  => cl.s ! ResAra.Pres ! p.p ! Verbal ;
-             <Fut        ,_    >  => cl.s ! ResAra.Fut ! p.p ! Verbal ;
-             <_          ,_    >  => cl.s ! ResAra.Past ! p.p ! Verbal
+      {s = t.s ++ p.s ++ 
+         case <t.t,t.a> of { --- IL guessed tenses
+             <(Pres|Cond),Simul>  => cl.s ! Pres ! p.p ! Nominal ;
+             <Fut        ,_    >  => cl.s ! Fut ! p.p ! Nominal ;
+             <_          ,_    >  => cl.s ! Past ! p.p ! Nominal
            }
       };
 
     UseQCl t p qcl =
-      {s = \\q =>
-     case <t.t,t.a> of { --- IL guessed tenses
-           <(Pres|Cond),Simul>  => qcl.s ! ResAra.Pres ! p.p ! q ;
-           <Fut        ,_    >  => qcl.s ! ResAra.Fut ! p.p ! q ;
-           <_          ,_    >  => qcl.s ! ResAra.Past ! p.p ! q
+      {s = \\q => t.s ++ p.s ++ 
+         case <t.t,t.a> of { --- IL guessed tenses
+           <(Pres|Cond),Simul>  => qcl.s ! Pres ! p.p ! q ;
+           <Fut        ,_    >  => qcl.s ! Fut ! p.p ! q ;
+           <_          ,_    >  => qcl.s ! Past ! p.p ! q
          }
       };