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resource-0.6/swedish/TypesSwe.gf

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+--1 Swedish Word Classes and Morphological Parameters
+--
+-- This is a resource module for Swedish morphology, defining the
+-- morphological parameters and word classes of Swedish. It is aimed
+-- to be complete w.r.t. the description of word forms.
+-- However, it does not include those parameters that are not needed for
+-- analysing individual words: such parameters are defined in syntax modules.
+--
+-- This GF grammar was obtained from the functional morphology file TypesSw.hs
+-- semi-automatically. The GF inflection engine obtained was obtained automatically.
+
+resource TypesSwe = open Prelude in {
+
+--
+
+--2 Enumerated parameter types 
+--
+-- These types are the ones found in school grammars.
+-- Their parameter values are atomic.
+
+param
+  Gender  = Utr | Neutr ;
+  Number  = Sg | Pl ;
+  Species = Indef | Def ;
+  Case    = Nom | Gen ;
+  Sex     = NoMasc | Masc ;
+  Mode    = Ind | Cnj ;
+  Voice   = Act | Pass ;
+  Degree  = Pos | Comp | Sup ;
+  Person  = P1 | P2 | P3 ;
+
+--2 Word classes and hierarchical parameter types
+--
+-- Real parameter types (i.e. ones on which words and phrases depend) 
+-- are mostly hierarchical. The alternative would be cross-products of
+-- simple parameters, but this would usually overgenerate.
+--
+
+--3 Substantives
+--
+-- Substantives (= common nouns) have a parameter of type SubstForm.
+
+param SubstForm = SF Number Species Case ;
+
+-- Substantives moreover have an inherent gender. 
+
+oper Subst : Type = {s : SubstForm => Str ; h1 : Gender} ;
+
+--3 Adjectives
+--
+-- Adjectives are a very complex class, and the full table has as many as
+-- 18 different forms. The major division is between the comparison degrees;
+-- the comparative has only the 2 case forms, whereas the positive has 12 forms.
+
+param
+  AdjForm = AF AdjFormGrad Case ;
+
+-- The positive strong forms depend on gender: "en stor bil" - "ett stort hus".
+-- But the weak forms depend on sex: "den stora bilen" - "den store mannen".
+-- The plural never makes a gender-sex distinction.
+
+  GenNum = ASg Gender | APl ;
+  SexNum = AxSg Sex | AxPl ;
+
+  AdjFormPos = Strong GenNum | Weak SexNum ;
+  AdjFormSup = SupStrong | SupWeak ;
+
+  AdjFormGrad =
+    Posit  AdjFormPos
+  | Compar  
+  | Super AdjFormSup ;
+
+oper 
+  Adj : Type = {s : AdjForm => Str} ;
+
+  adverbForm : AdjFormPos = Strong (ASg Neutr) ;
+
+--3 Verbs
+--
+-- Verbs have 9 finite forms and as many as 18 infinite forms; the large number
+-- of the latter comes from adjectives. 
+
+oper Verbum : Type = {s : VerbForm => Str} ;
+
+param
+  VFin = 
+   Pres Mode Voice
+ | Pret Mode Voice
+ | Imper ;         --- no passive
+ 
+  VInf =
+   Inf Voice
+ | Supin Voice
+ | PtPres Case
+ | PtPret AdjFormPos Case ;
+
+  VerbForm = 
+   VF VFin
+ | VI VInf ;
+
+-- However, the syntax only needs a simplified verb category, with 
+-- present tense only. Such a verb can be extracted from the full verb,
+-- and a choice can be made between an active and a passive (deponent) verb.
+-- Active verbs continue to have passive forms. But we add an extra field $s1$ 
+-- for a verb particle, as e.g. in "se upp".
+
+param
+  VMode = Infinit | Indicat | Imperat ;
+  VForm = VPres VMode Voice ;
+
+oper
+  Verb : Type = {s : VForm => Str ; s1 : Str} ;
+
+  extVerbPart : Voice -> Verbum -> Str -> Verb = \v,verb,upp -> {s = table { 
+    VPres Infinit v    => verb.s ! VI (Inf v) ;
+    VPres Indicat v    => verb.s ! VF (Pres Ind v) ;
+    VPres Imperat Act  => verb.s ! VF Imper ; 
+    VPres Imperat Pass => verb.s ! VF (Pres Ind Pass)   --- no passive in Verbum
+    } ; 
+  s1 = upp
+  } ;
+
+  extVerb : Voice -> Verbum -> Verb = \v,verb ->
+    extVerbPart v verb [] ;
+
+--3 Other open classes
+--
+-- Proper names, adverbs (Adv having comparison forms and AdvIn not having them),
+-- and interjections are the remaining open classes.
+
+oper 
+  PNm    : Type = {s : Case => Str ; h1 : Gender} ;
+  Adv    : Type = {s : Degree => Str} ;
+  AdvInv : Type = {s : Str} ;
+  Interj : Type = {s : Str} ;
+  
+--3 Closed classes
+--
+-- The rest of the Swedish word classes are closed, i.e. not extensible by new
+-- lexical entries. Thus we don't have to know how to build them, but only
+-- how to use them, i.e. which parameters they have.
+--
+-- The most important distinction is between proper-name-like pronouns and
+-- adjective-like pronouns, which are inflected in completely different parameters.
+
+param 
+  NPForm      = PNom | PAcc | PGen GenNum ;
+  AdjPronForm = APron GenNum Case ;
+  AuxVerbForm = AuxInf | AuxPres | AuxPret | AuxSup ;
+
+oper 
+  ProPN    : Type = {s : NPForm => Str ; h1 : Gender ; h2 : Number ; h3 : Person} ;
+  ProAdj   : Type = {s : AdjPronForm => Str} ;
+  Prep     : Type = {s : Str} ;
+  Conjunct : Type = {s : Str} ;
+  Subjunct : Type = {s : Str} ;
+  Art      : Type = {s : GenNum => Str} ;
+  Part     : Type = {s : Str} ;
+  Infin    : Type = {s : Str} ;
+  VAux     : Type = {s : AuxVerbForm => Str} ;
+}