(Ara) Add a distinction in CN and NP whether it's heavy

This makes a difference in word order; default is VSO, but if the
subject NP is complex, e.g. coming from RelNP or SentCN,
the more natural word order is SVO.

Example that triggered the change comes from an application grammar:

Gold standard by informant: مَا تَوَصْلّنَا إلَيهِ يَبْدُو مَنْطِقِيَّاً
Grammar before change: يَشْعُرُ مَاً نَتَوَصَّلُ إِلَىهُ مَنْطِقِيّاً
Grammar after change:  مَاً نَتَوَصَّلُ إِلَىهُ يَشْعُرُ مَنْطِقِيّاً

src/arabic/ConjunctionAra.gf

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ lincat
 
   [S] =  {s1,s2 : Order => Str} ;
   [Adv] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
-  [NP] = {s1,s2 : Case => Str ; a : Agr ; empty : Str} ;
+  [NP] = {s1,s2 : Case => Str ; a : Agr ; empty : Str; isHeavy : Bool} ;
   [AP] = {s1,s2 : Species => Gender => Number => State => Case => Str} ;
 
 lin
@@ -21,16 +21,19 @@ lin
 
   BaseNP x y = twoTable Case x y ** {
     a = conjAgr x.a y.a ;
-    empty = []
+    empty = [] ;
+    isHeavy = True ;
     } ;
   ConsNP xs x = consrTable Case comma xs x ** {
     a = conjAgr xs.a x.a ;
-    empty = []
+    empty = [] ;
+    isHeavy = True ;
     } ;
   ConjNP conj ss = conjunctDistrTable Case conj ss ** {
     a = let gn = pgn2gn ss.a.pgn in
         {pgn = Per3 gn.g (conjNumber conj.n gn.n) ; isPron = False} ;
-    empty = []
+    empty = [] ;
+    isHeavy = True ;
     } ;
 
   BaseAP = twoTable5 Species Gender Number State Case ;

src/arabic/NounAra.gf

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ lin
       cn.s2 ! number
             ! (definite ! det.d) -- Indef remains Indef, rest become Def
             ! c
-    } in {
+    } in emptyNP ** {
       s = \\c => -- Dat is just a hack for liPrep
         let c' = case c of {Dat => Gen ; x => x} in
         case cnB4det det of {
@@ -37,13 +37,12 @@ lin
         };
       a = { pgn = agrP3 cn.h cn.g number;
             isPron = False } ;
-      empty = []
+      isHeavy = cn.isHeavy
-    };
+    } ;
 
-  UsePN pn = {
+  UsePN pn = emptyNP ** {
-    s =  pn.s;
+    s = pn.s;
-    a = {pgn = Per3 pn.g Sg ; isPron = False} ;
+    a = {pgn = Per3 pn.g Sg ; isPron = False}
-    empty = []
     };
 
   UsePron p = p ;
@@ -70,7 +69,8 @@ lin
 -}
 
   AdvNP np adv = np ** {
-    s = \\c => np.s ! c ++ adv.s
+    s = \\c => np.s ! c ++ adv.s ;
+    isHeavy = True ;
     };
 
   DetQuantOrd quant num ord = quant ** {
@@ -169,10 +169,11 @@ lin
     isEmpty = True
     } ;
 
-  MassNP cn =
+  MassNP cn = emptyNP ** {
-    {s = \\c => cn2str cn Sg Indef c ;
+    s = \\c => cn2str cn Sg Indef c ;
-     a = {pgn = Per3 cn.g Sg ; isPron = False} ;
+    a = {pgn = Per3 cn.g Sg ; isPron = False} ;
-     empty = []} ;
+    isHeavy = cn.isHeavy ;
+    } ;
 
   UseN,
   UseN2 = useN ;
@@ -190,12 +191,22 @@ lin
     };
 
   RelCN cn rs = cn ** {
-    s2 = \\n,s,c => cn.s2 ! n ! s ! c ++ rs.s ! {pgn=Per3 cn.g n ; isPron=False} ! c};
+    s2 = \\n,s,c => cn.s2 ! n ! s ! c
+        ++ rs.s ! {pgn=Per3 cn.g n ; isPron=False} ! c ;
+    isHeavy = True
+    } ;
 
-  RelNP np rs = np ** {s = \\c => np.s ! c ++ rs.s ! np.a ! c} ;
+
+  RelNP np rs = np ** {
+    s = \\c => np.s ! c ++ rs.s ! np.a ! c ;
+    isHeavy = True
+    } ;
 
   AdvCN,
-  SentCN = \cn,ss -> cn ** {s2 = \\n,d,c => cn.s2 ! n ! d ! c ++ ss.s} ;
+  SentCN = \cn,ss -> cn ** {
+    s2 = \\n,d,c => cn.s2 ! n ! d ! c ++ ss.s ;
+    isHeavy = True
+    } ;
 
   ApposCN cn np = cn ** {
     np = \\c => cn.np ! c ++ np.s ! c

src/arabic/ResAra.gf

@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ resource ResAra = PatternsAra ** open  Prelude, Predef, OrthoAra, ParamX  in {
     uttAP : AP -> (Gender => Str) ;
     uttAP ap = \\g => ap.s ! NoHum ! g ! Sg ! Const ! Bare ; ----IL
 
-    CN : Type = Noun ** {np : Case => Str};
+    CN : Type = Noun ** {np : Case => Str ; isHeavy : Bool};
 
     -- All fields of NP
     cn2str : CN -> Number -> State -> Case -> Str = \cn,n,s,c ->
@@ -181,7 +181,9 @@ resource ResAra = PatternsAra ** open  Prelude, Predef, OrthoAra, ParamX  in {
       cn.s2 ! n ! s ! c ++
       cn.np ! c ;
 
-    useN : Noun -> CN = \n -> n ** {np = \\_ => []} ;
+    useN : Noun -> CN = \n -> n ** {
+      np = \\_ => [] ;
+      isHeavy = False } ;
 
     uttCN : CN -> (Gender => Str) ;
     uttCN cn = \\_ => cn2str cn Sg Indef Bare ;
@@ -555,7 +557,7 @@ v1geminateForms : Str -> Vowel -> Vowel -> DefForms =
     umdad = "ُ" + mkStrong fcal mdd ;
     Umdud = (prefixImp ! vowImpf) + mdud;
     mamdUd = mkStrong mafcUl mdd
-   } in toDefForms 
+   } in toDefForms
           madd madad mudd mudid   -- VPerf
           amudd amdud umadd umdad -- VImpf
           Umdud mudd' mamdUd ;
@@ -615,7 +617,7 @@ v1defForms_perfA : Root3 -> Vowel -> DefForms = \rmy,vowImpf ->
    eirmi = prefixImp ! vowImpf + _rmi;
    eirmu = prefixImp ! vowImpf + _rmu;
    marmiy = mkStrong mafcil rmy
- } in toDefForms 
+ } in toDefForms
         rama ramay rumi rumu rumiy -- VPerf
         armi armu urma             -- VImpf
         eirmi eirmu marmiy ;
@@ -683,7 +685,7 @@ v2defective : Root3 -> Verb = \gny ->
     ugannu = "ُ" + gannu;
     uganna = "ُ" + ganna;
     mugannaY = "مُ" + ganna + "ى"
-  } in verbDef (toDefForms 
+  } in verbDef (toDefForms
           ganna gannay gunni gunnu gunniy -- VPerf
           uganni ugannu uganna            -- VImpf
           ganni gannu mugannaY) i ;
@@ -818,7 +820,7 @@ v7geminate : Str -> Verb = \fcl ->
          n => "ُنْ" + vforms ! n -- doesn't exist for form 7
     }) ;
 
-v8geminate : Str -> Verb = 
+v8geminate : Str -> Verb =
   \rootStr ->
   let {
     mdd = mkRoot3 rootStr ; --fcc
@@ -838,7 +840,7 @@ v8geminate : Str -> Verb =
     umtadad = "ُ" + _mtadad ;
     imtadid = "اِ" + _mtadid ;
     mumtadd = "مُ" + _mtadd ;
-  } in verbGeminate (toDefForms 
+  } in verbGeminate (toDefForms
         imtadd imtadad umtudd umtudid -- VPerf
         amtadd amtadid umtadd umtadad -- VPres
         imtadd imtadid mumtadd) ;
@@ -1507,6 +1509,7 @@ patGeminateImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str = \facc,facic ->
     NP : Type = {
       s : Case => Str ;
       a : Agr ;
+      isHeavy : Bool ; -- overrides verbal word order, if the subject is very complicated; e.g. built out of RelNP or similar
       empty : Str -- to prevent ambiguities with prodrop
       } ;
 
@@ -1516,15 +1519,14 @@ patGeminateImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str = \facc,facic ->
       } ;
 
     mkPron : (_,_,_ : Str) -> PerGenNum -> NP = \ana,nI,I,pgn ->
-     { s =
+     emptyNP ** {s =
         table {
           (Nom|Bare) => ana;
           Acc => nI ; -- object suffix
           Gen => I ;  -- possessive suffix
           Dat => I -- will only be used with preposition لِ
         };
-      a = {pgn = pgn; isPron = True };
+      a = {pgn = pgn; isPron = True}
-      empty = []
     };
 
     proDrop : NP -> NP = \np ->
@@ -1536,6 +1538,7 @@ patGeminateImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str = \facc,facic ->
     emptyNP : NP = {
       s = \\_ => [] ;
       a = {pgn = Per3 Masc Sg ; isPron = False} ;
+      isHeavy = False ;
       empty = [] } ;
 
     agrNP : Agr -> NP = \agr -> emptyNP ** {a = agr} ;
@@ -1653,7 +1656,7 @@ patGeminateImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str = \facc,facic ->
           }
       } ;
 
-    ip2np : IP -> Bool -> NP = \ip,isPred -> ip ** { s = ip.s ! isPred ! Masc ! Def ; empty = [] } ;
+    ip2np : IP -> Bool -> NP = \ip,isPred -> emptyNP ** ip ** {s = ip.s ! isPred ! Masc ! Def} ;
     np2ip : NP -> IP = \np -> np ** {s = \\_,_,_ => np.s} ;
 
     IDet : Type = {
@@ -1748,7 +1751,7 @@ patGeminateImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str = \facc,facic ->
                       True  =>           np.s ! sc.c
                    } ;
           } in wordOrder o
-                  vp.obj.a.isPron np.a.isPron
+                  vp.obj.a.isPron np.a.isPron np.isHeavy
                   (vStr vp pgn t p o)
                   vp.obj.s
                   (pred vp pgn t p)
@@ -1757,14 +1760,24 @@ patGeminateImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str = \facc,facic ->
       } ;
 
     -- seems complicated, but this is to share code with VPS and other similar structures
-    wordOrder : Order -> (objIsPron,subjIsPron : Bool) -> (verb,obj,pred,adv,subj : Str) -> Str =
+    wordOrder : Order -> (objIsPron,subjIsPron,subjIsHeavy : Bool) -> (verb,obj,pred,adv,subj : Str) -> Str =
-      \o,objIsPron,subjIsPron,verb,obj,pred,adv,subj ->
+      \o,objIsPron,subjIsPron,subjIsHeavy,verb,obj,pred,adv,subj ->
           let cl = wordOrderNoSubj o objIsPron verb obj pred adv in
           case o of {
+            -- If subject is pronoun, affix it in Subord word order.
             Subord =>
-              let bind = if_then_Str subjIsPron BIND [] -- in subord. clause, subj. pronoun binds to the main verb
+              let bind = if_then_Str subjIsPron BIND []
                in cl.before ++ bind ++ subj ++ cl.after ;
-            _  => cl.before         ++ subj ++ cl.after
+
+            -- If subject is "heavy" (e.g. contains a relative clause),
+            Verbal =>  -- then override Verbal word order.
+              case subjIsHeavy of {
+                True  => subj ++ cl.before ++ cl.after ;
+                False => cl.before ++ subj ++ cl.after
+              } ;
+
+            -- Any other word order, no special checks.
+            _  => cl.before ++ subj ++ cl.after
           } ;
 
     wordOrderNoSubj : Order -> (objIsPron : Bool) -> (verb,obj,pred,adv : Str) -> {before,after : Str} =
@@ -1833,7 +1846,7 @@ patGeminateImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str = \facc,facic ->
     Subj : Type = {s : Case => Str ; isPron : Bool} ;
 
     np2subj : NP -> Subj = \np -> np ** {isPron = np.a.isPron} ;
-    subj2np : Subj -> NP = \su -> su ** {a = {pgn = emptyNP.a.pgn ; isPron = su.isPron} ; empty=[]} ;
+    subj2np : Subj -> NP = \su -> emptyNP ** su ** {a = {pgn = emptyNP.a.pgn ; isPron = su.isPron}} ;
     emptyObj : Obj = {a = {gn = {g=Masc ; n=Sg} ; isPron = False}; s = []} ;
 
     insertObj : NP -> VPSlash -> VP = \np,vp -> vp ** {

src/arabic/SymbolAra.gf

@@ -14,15 +14,13 @@ lin
   --   } ;
   --IL TODO: check out some opers regarding state in ResAra. These are just dummy values.
   CNSymbNP det cn xs =
-    let g = cn.g ; n = sizeToNumber det.n  in {
+    let g = cn.g ; n = sizeToNumber det.n in emptyNP ** {
     s = \\c => det.s ! NoHum ! g ! c ++ cn2str cn n Def c ++ xs.s; ----IL word order?? Seems to be nontrivial according to ResAra comments.
-    a = dummyAgrP3 n ;
+    a = dummyAgrP3 n
-    empty = []
     } ;
-  CNNumNP cn i = {
+  CNNumNP cn i = emptyNP ** {
     s = \\c => cn2str cn Sg Def c ++ uttNum i ! cn.g ;
-    a = dummyAgrP3 Sg ;
+    a = dummyAgrP3 Sg
-    empty = []
     } ;
 
   SymbS sy = {s = \\_ => sy.s} ;