diff --git a/doc/synopsis-v3.9.html b/doc/synopsis-v3.9.html deleted file mode 100644 index 38ef1c3a1..000000000 --- a/doc/synopsis-v3.9.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14298 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -GF Resource Grammar Library: Synopsis - -
-

GF Resource Grammar Library: Synopsis

-B. Bringert, T. Hallgren, and A. Ranta
-
- - - -

Introduction

- -

-The GF Resource Grammar Library is the standard library for Grammatical Framework. -It covers the morphology and basic syntax of currently 32 languages: -Afrikaans, -Bulgarian, -Catalan, -Chinese (simplified), -Danish, -Dutch, -English, -Estonian, -Finnish, -French, -German, -Greek, -Hindi, -Icelandic, -Japanese, -Italian, -Latvian, -Maltese, -Mongolian, -Nepali, -Norwegian (bokmål), -Norwegial (nynorsk), -Persian, -Polish, -Punjabi, -Romanian, -Russian, -Sindhi, -Spanish, -Swedish, -Thai, -Urdu. -

-

-This document contains the most important parts of the GF Resource Grammar API, -as needed by a GF application programmer. -It has been machine-generated from the source files; there are links -to the relevant source files, which give more information. Some of the files have -not yet been prepared so that the machine generated documentation has the nicest -possible format. -

-

-The main contents are: -

- - - -

-Other relevant documents: -

- - - -

-Many examples in Chapter 2 can be seen in multiple languages by hovering the -mouse over the example, as shown in the following screenshot: -

-

- -

- - -

Categories

- -

-Source 1: ../src/abstract/Common.gf -

-

-Source 2: ../src/abstract/Cat.gf -

- - -

A hierarchic view

- -

-The chart below shows the categories in a hierarchical top-down order. -The edges do not define the complete dependency structure; if they did, -the graph would have many many more edges, and also many cycles. The precise -meaning of a directed edge from C to D is: there is a constructor -of C that takes D as an argument. What the constructors exactly are, -and what other arguments they take, is described by separate tables for -each category. -

- - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

-The rectangular boxes mark open lexical categories, which have constructors -also in the Paradigms modules. -

- - -

Explanations

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
CategoryExplanationExample
Aone-place adjectivewarm
A2two-place adjectivedivisible
APadjectival phrasevery warm
AdAadjective-modifying adverbvery
AdNnumeral-modifying adverbmore than
AdVadverb directly attached to verbalways
Advverb-phrase-modifying adverbin the house
Antanterioritysimultaneous, anterior
CAdvcomparative adverbmore
CNcommon noun (without determiner)red house
Cardcardinal numberseven
Cldeclarative clause, with all tensesshe looks at this
Compcomplement of copula, such as APvery warm
Conjconjunctionand
DAPdeterminer with adjectivethree small
Detdeterminer phrasethose seven
Digitscardinal or ordinal in digits1,000/1,000th
IAdvinterrogative adverbwhy
ICompinterrogative complement of copulawhere
IDetinterrogative determinerhow many
IPinterrogative pronounwho
Impimperativelook at this
Interjinterjectionalas
Ncommon nounhouse
N2relational nounson
N3three-place relational nounconnection
NPnoun phrase (subject or object)the red house
Numnumber determining elementseven
Numeralcardinal or ordinal in wordsfive/fifth
Ordordinal number (used in Det)seventh
PConjphrase-beginning conjunctiontherefore
PNproper nameParis
Phrphrase in a textbut be quiet please
Polpolaritypositive, negative
Predetpredeterminer (prefixed Quant)all
Preppreposition, or just casein
Pronpersonal pronounshe
QClquestion clause, with all tenseswhy does she walk
QSquestionwhere did she live
Quantquantifier ('nucleus' of Det)this/these
RClrelative clause, with all tensesin which she lives
RPrelative pronounin which
RSrelativein which she lived
Sdeclarative sentenceshe lived here
SCembedded sentence or questionthat it rains
Subjsubjunctionif
Temptemporal and aspectual featurespast anterior
Tensetensepresent, past, future
Texttext consisting of several phrasesHe is here. Why?
Uttsentence, question, word...be quiet
Vone-place verbsleep
V2two-place verblove
V2Averb with NP and AP complementpaint
V2Qverb with NP and Q complementask
V2Sverb with NP and S complementtell
V2Vverb with NP and V complementcause
V3three-place verbshow
VAadjective-complement verblook
VPverb phraseis very warm
VPSlashverb phrase missing complementgive to John
VQquestion-complement verbwonder
VSsentence-complement verbclaim
VVverb-phrase-complement verbwant
Vocvocative or "please"my darling
- - -

Syntax Rules and Structural Words

- -

-Source 1: ../src/api/Constructors.gf -

-

-Source 2: ../src/abstract/Structural.gf -

- - -

A - one-place adjective

- -

-Lexical category, constructors given in -lexical paradigms. -

- - -

A2 - two-place adjective

- -

-Lexical category, constructors given in -lexical paradigms. -

- - -

AP - adjectival phrase

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
comparAPA -> AP
warmer
mkAPA -> AP
warm
mkAPA -> NP -> AP
warmer than Paris
mkAPA2 -> NP -> AP
married to her
mkAPA2 -> AP
married
mkAPAP -> S -> AP
it is good that she sleeps
mkAPAP -> QS -> AP
it is uncertain who sleeps
mkAPAP -> VP -> AP
she is ready to sleep
mkAPAP -> SC -> AP
she is ready to sleep
mkAPAdA -> A -> AP
very old
mkAPAdA -> AP -> AP
very very old
mkAPConj -> AP -> AP -> AP
old or young
mkAPConj -> ListAP -> AP
old , big and warm
mkAPOrd -> AP
oldest
mkAPCAdv -> AP -> NP -> AP
as old as she
reflAPA2 -> AP
married to itself
- - -

AdA - adjective-modifying adverb

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
almost_AdAAdA
almost red
quite_AdvAdA
quite
so_AdAAdA
so warm
too_AdAAdA
too warm
very_AdAAdA
very warm
- - -

AdN - numeral-modifying adverb

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
almost_AdNAdN
almost eight
at_least_AdNAdN
at least eight
at_most_AdNAdN
at most eight
mkAdNCAdv -> AdN
more than eight
- - -

AdV - adverb directly attached to verb

- - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
always_AdVAdV
always
- - -

Adv - verb-phrase-modifying adverb

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
everywhere_AdvAdv
everywhere
here7from_AdvAdv
from here
here7to_AdvAdv
to here
here_AdvAdv
here
mkAdvA -> Adv
warmly
mkAdvPrep -> NP -> Adv
in the house
mkAdvSubj -> S -> Adv
when she sleeps
mkAdvCAdv -> A -> NP -> Adv
more warmly than he
mkAdvCAdv -> A -> S -> Adv
more warmly than he runs
mkAdvAdA -> Adv -> Adv
very warmly
mkAdvConj -> Adv -> Adv -> Adv
here and now
mkAdvConj -> ListAdv -> Adv
with her , here and now
somewhere_AdvAdv
somewhere
there7from_AdvAdv
from there
there7to_AdvAdv
there
there_AdvAdv
there
- - -

Ant - anteriority

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
anteriorAntAnt
she has slept
simultaneousAntAnt
she sleeps
- - -

CAdv - comparative adverb

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
as_CAdvCAdv
as
less_CAdvCAdv
less
more_CAdvCAdv
more
- - -

CN - common noun (without determiner)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkCNN -> CN
house
mkCNN2 -> NP -> CN
mother of the king
mkCNN3 -> NP -> NP -> CN
distance from this city to Paris
mkCNN2 -> CN
mother
mkCNN3 -> CN
distance
mkCNA -> N -> CN
big house
mkCNA -> CN -> CN
big blue house
mkCNAP -> N -> CN
very big house
mkCNAP -> CN -> CN
very big blue house
mkCNN -> RS -> CN
man that she loves
mkCNCN -> RS -> CN
old man that she loves
mkCNN -> Adv -> CN
house on the hill
mkCNCN -> Adv -> CN
big house on the hill
mkCNCN -> S -> CN
rule that she sleeps
mkCNCN -> QS -> CN
question if she sleeps
mkCNCN -> VP -> CN
reason to sleep
mkCNCN -> SC -> CN
reason to sleep
mkCNN -> NP -> CN
king John
mkCNCN -> NP -> CN
old king John
- - -

Card - cardinal number

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkCardStr -> Cardthirty-five (given as "35"; range 1-999)
mkCardNumeral -> Card
seven
mkCardDigits -> Card51
mkCardAdN -> Card -> Cardalmost fifty
- - -

Cl - declarative clause, with all tenses

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
genericClVP -> Cl
one sleeps
mkClNP -> V -> Cl
she sleeps
mkClNP -> V2 -> NP -> Cl
she loves him
mkClNP -> V3 -> NP -> NP -> Cl
she sends it to him
mkClNP -> VV -> VP -> Cl
she wants to sleep
mkClNP -> VS -> S -> Cl
she says that I sleep
mkClNP -> VQ -> QS -> Cl
she wonders who sleeps
mkClNP -> VA -> A -> Cl
she becomes old
mkClNP -> VA -> AP -> Cl
she becomes very old
mkClNP -> V2A -> NP -> A -> Cl
she paints it red
mkClNP -> V2A -> NP -> AP -> Cl
she paints it red
mkClNP -> V2S -> NP -> S -> Cl
she answers to him that we sleep
mkClNP -> V2Q -> NP -> QS -> Cl
she asks him who sleeps
mkClNP -> V2V -> NP -> VP -> Cl
she begs him to sleep
mkClNP -> VPSlash -> NP -> Clshe begs him to sleep here
mkClNP -> A -> Cl
she is old
mkClNP -> A -> NP -> Cl
she is older than he
mkClNP -> A2 -> NP -> Cl
she is married to him
mkClNP -> AP -> Cl
she is very old
mkClNP -> NP -> Cl
she is the woman
mkClNP -> N -> Cl
she is a woman
mkClNP -> CN -> Cl
she is an old woman
mkClNP -> Adv -> Cl
she is here
mkClNP -> VP -> Cl
she always sleeps
mkClN -> Cl
there is a house
mkClCN -> Cl
there is an old house
mkClNP -> Cl
there are many houses
mkClNP -> RS -> Cl
it is she that sleeps
mkClAdv -> S -> Cl
it is here that she sleeps
mkClV -> Cl
it rains
mkClVP -> Cl
it is raining
mkClSC -> VP -> Cl
that she sleeps is good
- - -

ClSlash

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkClSlashNP -> VPSlash -> ClSlash
whom does she see
mkClSlashNP -> V2 -> ClSlash
whom does she see
mkClSlashNP -> VV -> V2 -> ClSlash
whom does she want to see
mkClSlashCl -> Prep -> ClSlash
whom does she sleep with
mkClSlashClSlash -> Adv -> ClSlash
whom does she see today
mkClSlashNP -> VS -> SSlash -> ClSlash
whom does she know that we hadn't seen
- - -

Comp - complement of copula, such as AP

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkCompAP -> Comp
to be old
mkCompNP -> Comp
to be this man
mkCompAdv -> Comp
to be here
- - -

Conj - conjunction

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
and_ConjConj
here and now
both7and_DConjConj
both here and there
either7or_DConjConj
either here or there
if_then_ConjConj
if here then there
or_ConjConj
here or there
- - -

DAP - determiner with adjective

- -

-Lexical category, constructors given in -lexical paradigms. -

- - -

Det - determiner phrase

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
aPl_DetDet
women
aSg_DetDet
a woman
a_DetDet
a house
every_DetDet
every woman
few_DetDet
few women
many_DetDet
many houses
mkDetQuant -> Det
this
mkDetQuant -> Card -> Det
these five
mkDetQuant -> Ord -> Det
the fifth
mkDetQuant -> Num -> Ord -> Det
the five best
mkDetQuant -> Num -> Det
these
mkDetCard -> Det
five
mkDetDigits -> Det51
mkDetNumeral -> Detfive
mkDetPron -> Detmy
mkDetPron -> Num -> Det
my five
much_DetDet
much wine
somePl_DetDet
some women
someSg_DetDet
some wine
that_DetDet
that woman
thePl_DetDet
the houses
theSg_DetDet
the house
the_DetDet
the house
these_DetDet
these women
this_DetDet
this woman
those_DetDet
those women
- - -

Dig

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
n0_DigDig0
n1_DigDig1
n2_DigDig2
n3_DigDig3
n4_DigDig4
n5_DigDig5
n6_DigDig6
n7_DigDig7
n8_DigDig8
n9_DigDig9
- - -

Digits - cardinal or ordinal in digits

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkDigitsStr -> Digits35 (from string "35"; ; range 1-9999999)
mkDigitsDig -> Digits
4
mkDigitsDig -> Digits -> Digits
1,233,486
- - -

IAdv - interrogative adverb

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
how8much_IAdvIAdv
how much
how_IAdvIAdv
how
mkIAdvPrep -> IP -> IAdv
in which city
mkIAdvIAdv -> Adv -> IAdv
where in Paris
when_IAdvIAdv
when
where_IAdvIAdv
where
why_IAdvIAdv
why
- - -

IComp - interrogative complement of copula

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkICompIAdv -> ICompwhere (is it)
mkICompIP -> ICompwho (is it)
- - -

IDet - interrogative determiner

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
how8many_IDetIDet
how many houses
mkIDetIQuant -> Num -> IDet
which houses
mkIDetIQuant -> IDet
which house
whichPl_IDetIDet
which houses
which_IDetIDet
which house
- - -

IP - interrogative pronoun

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkIPIDet -> CN -> IP
which five big cities
mkIPIDet -> N -> IP
which five cities
mkIPIDet -> IP
which five
mkIPIQuant -> CN -> IP
which big city
mkIPIQuant -> Num -> CN -> IP
which five big cities
mkIPIQuant -> N -> IP
which city
mkIPIP -> Adv -> IP
who in Paris
whatPl_IPIP
what
whatSg_IPIP
what
what_IPIP
what
whoPl_IPIP
who
whoSg_IPIP
who
who_IPIP
who
- - -

IQuant

- - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
which_IQuantIQuant
which house
- - -

Imp - imperative

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkImpVP -> Imp
come to my house
mkImpV -> Imp
come
mkImpV2 -> NP -> Imp
buy it
- - -

ImpForm

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
pluralImpFormImpForm
be men
politeImpFormImpForm
be a man
singularImpFormImpForm
be a man
- - -

Interj - interjection

- -

-Lexical category, constructors given in -lexical paradigms. -

- - -

ListAP

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkListAPAP -> AP -> ListAPlist of two
mkListAPAP -> ListAP -> ListAPlist of more
- - -

ListAdv

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkListAdvAdv -> Adv -> ListAdvlist of two
mkListAdvAdv -> ListAdv -> ListAdvlist of more
- - -

ListNP

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkListNPNP -> NP -> ListNPlist of two
mkListNPNP -> ListNP -> ListNPlist of more
- - -

ListRS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkListRSRS -> RS -> ListRSlist of two
mkListRSRS -> ListRS -> ListRSlist of more
- - -

ListS

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkListSS -> S -> ListSlist of two
mkListSS -> ListS -> ListSlist of more
- - -

N - common noun

- -

-Lexical category, constructors given in -lexical paradigms. -

- - -

N2 - relational noun

- -

-Lexical category, constructors given in -lexical paradigms. -

- - -

N3 - three-place relational noun

- -

-Lexical category, constructors given in -lexical paradigms. -

- - -

NP - noun phrase (subject or object)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
everybody_NPNP
everybody
everything_NPNP
everything
he_NPNP
he
i_NPNP
I
it_NPNP
it
mkNPQuant -> N -> NP
this man
mkNPQuant -> CN -> NP
this old man
mkNPQuant -> Num -> CN -> NP
these five old men
mkNPQuant -> Num -> N -> NP
these five men
mkNPDet -> CN -> NP
the five old men
mkNPDet -> N -> NP
the five men
mkNPNumeral -> CN -> NP
five old men
mkNPNumeral -> N -> NP
five men
mkNPDigits -> CN -> NP
51 old men
mkNPDigits -> N -> NP
51 men
mkNPCard -> CN -> NPforty-five old men
mkNPCard -> N -> NPforty-five men
mkNPPron -> CN -> NP
my old man
mkNPPron -> N -> NP
my man
mkNPPN -> NP
Paris
mkNPPron -> NP
we
mkNPQuant -> NP
this
mkNPQuant -> Num -> NP
these five
mkNPDet -> NP
the five best
mkNPCN -> NP
old beer
mkNPN -> NP
beer
mkNPPredet -> NP -> NP
only this woman
mkNPNP -> V2 -> NP
the man seen
mkNPNP -> Adv -> NP
Paris today
mkNPNP -> RS -> NP
John, that walks ...
mkNPConj -> NP -> NP -> NP
this woman or John
mkNPConj -> ListNP -> NP
this woman , John or I
nobody_NPNP
nobody
nothing_NPNP
nothing
she_NPNP
she
somebody_NPNP
somebody
something_NPNP
something
that_NPNP
that
these_NPNP
these
they_NPNP
they
this_NPNP
this
those_NPNP
those
we_NPNP
we
youPl_NPNP
you
youPol_NPNP
you
you_NPNP
you
- - -

Num - number determining element

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkNumStr -> Numthirty-five (given by "35"; range 1-999)
mkNumNumeral -> Num
...
mkNumDigits -> Num
21
mkNumDigit -> Numfive
mkNumCard -> Num
almost five
mkNumAdN -> Card -> Num
almost five
pluralNumNumplural
singularNumNumsingular
- - -

Numeral - cardinal or ordinal in words

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkNumeralUnit -> Numeraleight (coerce 1..9)
mkNumeralSub100 -> Numeraltwenty-five (coerce 1..99)
mkNumeralSub1000 -> Numeral
nine hundred and ...
mkNumeralSub1000 -> Sub1000 -> Numeral
nine hundred and ...
mkNumeralStr -> Numeralthirty-five (given by "35"; range 1-999)
thousandfoldNumeralSub1000 -> Numeral
nine hundred and ...
- - -

Ord - ordinal number (used in Det)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkOrdNumeral -> Ordtwentieth
mkOrdDigits -> Ord51st
mkOrdDigit -> Ordfifth
mkOrdA -> Ord
smallest
- - -

PConj - phrase-beginning conjunction

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
but_PConjPConj
but
mkPConjConj -> PConj
and now
otherwise_PConjPConj
otherwise
therefore_PConjPConj
therefore
- - -

PN - proper name

- -

-Lexical category, constructors given in -lexical paradigms. -

- - -

Phr - phrase in a text

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkPhr(PConj) -> Utt -> (Voc) -> Phr
but sleep, my friend
mkPhrS -> Phr
she won't sleep
mkPhrCl -> Phr
she sleeps
mkPhrQS -> Phr
would she sleep
mkPhrImp -> Phr
sleep
- - -

Pol - polarity

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
negativePolPol
she doesn't sleep
positivePolPol
she sleeps
- - -

Predet - predeterminer (prefixed Quant)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
all_PredetPredet
all the men
most_PredetPredet
most
not_PredetPredet
not everybody
only_PredetPredet
only
- - -

Prep - preposition, or just case

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
above_PrepPrep
above it
after_PrepPrep
after it
before_PrepPrep
before it
behind_PrepPrep
behind it
between_PrepPrep
between you and me
by8agent_PrepPrep
by it
by8means_PrepPrep
by it
during_PrepPrep
during it
except_PrepPrep
except it
for_PrepPrep
for it
from_PrepPrep
from it
in8front_PrepPrep
in front of it
in_PrepPrep
in it
on_PrepPrep
on it
part_PrepPrep
of it
possess_PrepPrep
of it
through_PrepPrep
through it
to_PrepPrep
to it
under_PrepPrep
under it
with_PrepPrep
with it
without_PrepPrep
without it
- - -

Pron - personal pronoun

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
he_PronPron
he
i_PronPron
I
it_PronPron
it
she_PronPron
she
they_PronPron
they
we_PronPron
we
youPl_PronPron
you
youPol_PronPron
you
youSg_PronPron
you
- - -

Punct

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
exclMarkPunctPunct
yes !
fullStopPunctPunct
yes .
questMarkPunctPunct
yes ?
- - -

QCl - question clause, with all tenses

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkQClCl -> QCl
does she sleep
mkQClIP -> VP -> QCl
who always sleeps
mkQClIP -> V -> QCl
who sleeps
mkQClIP -> V2 -> NP -> QCl
who loves her
mkQClIP -> V3 -> NP -> NP -> QCl
who sends it to her
mkQClIP -> VV -> VP -> QCl
who wants to sleep
mkQClIP -> VS -> S -> QCl
who says that I sleep
mkQClIP -> VQ -> QS -> QCl
who wonders who sleeps
mkQClIP -> VA -> A -> QCl
who becomes old
mkQClIP -> VA -> AP -> QCl
who becomes very old
mkQClIP -> V2A -> NP -> A -> QCl
who paints it red
mkQClIP -> V2A -> NP -> AP -> QCl
who paints it very red
mkQClIP -> V2S -> NP -> S -> QCl
who answers to him that we sleep
mkQClIP -> V2Q -> NP -> QS -> QCl
who asks him who sleeps
mkQClIP -> V2V -> NP -> VP -> QCl
who begs him to sleep
mkQClIP -> A -> QCl
who is old
mkQClIP -> A -> NP -> QCl
who is older than he
mkQClIP -> A2 -> NP -> QCl
who is married to him
mkQClIP -> AP -> QCl
who is very old
mkQClIP -> NP -> QCl
who is the woman
mkQClIP -> N -> QCl
who is a woman
mkQClIP -> CN -> QCl
who is an old woman
mkQClIP -> Adv -> QCl
who is here
mkQClIP -> NP -> V2 -> QCl
who is her
mkQClIP -> ClSlash -> QCl
whom does she love today
mkQClIAdv -> Cl -> QCl
why does she sleep
mkQClPrep -> IP -> Cl -> QCl
with whom does she sleep
mkQClIAdv -> NP -> QCl
where is she
mkQClIComp -> NP -> QCl
who is this man
mkQClIP -> QCl
which city is there
- - -

QS - question

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkQS(Tense) -> (Ant) -> (Pol) -> QCl -> QS
who wouldn't have slept
mkQSCl -> QS
does she sleep
- - -

Quant - quantifier ('nucleus' of Det)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
a_QuantQuant
a house
mkQuantPron -> Quant
my house
no_QuantQuant
no house
that_QuantQuant
that house
the_QuantQuant
the house
this_QuantQuant
this house
- - -

RCl - relative clause, with all tenses

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkRClRP -> VP -> RCl
woman that always sleeps
mkRClRP -> V -> RCl
woman that sleeps
mkRClRP -> V2 -> NP -> RCl
woman that loves him
mkRClRP -> V3 -> NP -> NP -> RCl
woman that sends it to him
mkRClRP -> VV -> VP -> RCl
woman that wants to sleep
mkRClRP -> VS -> S -> RCl
woman that says that I sleep
mkRClRP -> VQ -> QS -> RCl
woman that wonders who sleeps
mkRClRP -> VA -> A -> RCl
woman that becomes old
mkRClRP -> VA -> AP -> RCl
woman that becomes very old
mkRClRP -> V2A -> NP -> A -> RCl
woman that paints it red
mkRClRP -> V2A -> NP -> AP -> RCl
woman that paints it very red
mkRClRP -> V2S -> NP -> S -> RCl
woman that answers to him that we sleep
mkRClRP -> V2Q -> NP -> QS -> RCl
woman that asks him who sleeps
mkRClRP -> V2V -> NP -> VP -> RCl
woman that begs him to sleep
mkRClRP -> A -> RCl
woman that is old
mkRClRP -> A -> NP -> RCl
woman that is older than he
mkRClRP -> A2 -> NP -> RCl
woman that is married to him
mkRClRP -> AP -> RCl
woman that is very old
mkRClRP -> NP -> RCl
woman that is the woman
mkRClRP -> N -> RCl
student that is a woman
mkRClRP -> CN -> RCl
student that is an old woman
mkRClRP -> Adv -> RCl
woman that is here
mkRClRP -> NP -> V2 -> RCl
woman that we love
mkRClRP -> ClSlash -> RCl
woman that she loves today
mkRClCl -> RClsuch that she loves him
- - -

RP - relative pronoun

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkRPPrep -> NP -> RP -> RP
all the cities in which
which_RPRP
which
- - -

RS - relative

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkRS(Tense) -> (Ant) -> (Pol) -> RCl -> RS
woman that wouldn't have slept
mkRSTemp -> (Pol) -> RCl -> RSthat wouldn't have slept
mkRSConj -> RS -> RS -> RS
woman that sleeps or that we love
mkRSConj -> ListRS -> RSwho sleeps, whom I see and who sleeps
- - -

S - declarative sentence

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkS(Tense) -> (Ant) -> (Pol) -> Cl -> S
she wouldn't have slept
mkSTemp -> Pol -> Cl -> Sshe wouldn't have slept
mkSConj -> S -> S -> S
she sleeps and I run
mkSConj -> ListS -> S
she sleeps , I run and you walk
mkSAdv -> S -> S
today she sleeps
- - -

SC - embedded sentence or question

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkSCS -> SC
that she sleeps
mkSCQS -> SC
who sleeps
mkSCVP -> SC
to sleep
- - -

SSlash

- - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkSSlashTemp -> Pol -> ClSlash -> SSlash
she hadn't seen
- - -

Sub100

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkSub100Unit -> Sub100
eight
mkSub100Unit -> Unit -> Sub100
...
tenfoldSub100Unit -> Sub100
eight
- - -

Sub1000

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkSub1000Sub100 -> Sub1000
...
mkSub1000Unit -> Sub1000
nine hundred
mkSub1000Unit -> Sub100 -> Sub1000
nine hundred and ...
- - -

Subj - subjunction

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
although_SubjSubj
although she sleeps
because_SubjSubj
because she sleeps
if_SubjSubj
if she sleeps
that_SubjSubj
that she sleeps
when_SubjSubj
when she sleeps
- - -

Temp - temporal and aspectual features

- - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkTempTense -> Ant -> Tempe.g. past + anterior
- - -

Tense - tense

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
conditionalTenseTense
she would sleep
futureTenseTense
she will sleep
pastTenseTense
she slept
presentTenseTense
she sleeps
- - -

Text - text consisting of several phrases

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
emptyTextText(empty text)
mkTextPhr -> (Punct) -> (Text) -> Text
does she sleep ? yes .
mkTextUtt -> (Punct) -> (Text) -> TextDoes she sleep? Yes.
mkTextS -> Text
she slept .
mkTextCl -> Text
she sleeps .
mkTextQS -> Text
did she sleep ?
mkText(Pol) -> Imp -> Text
don't sleep !
mkTextText -> Text -> Text
where ? here . when ? now !
- - -

Unit

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
n1_UnitUnit
one
n2_UnitUnit
two
n3_UnitUnit
three
n4_UnitUnit
four
n5_UnitUnit
five
n6_UnitUnit
six
n7_UnitUnit
seven
n8_UnitUnit
eight
n9_UnitUnit
nine
- - -

Utt - sentence, question, word...

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
lets_UttVP -> Utt
let's sleep
mkUttS -> Utt
she slept
mkUttCl -> Utt
she sleeps
mkUttQS -> Utt
who didn't sleep
mkUttQCl -> Utt
who sleeps
mkUtt(ImpForm) -> (Pol) -> Imp -> Utt
don't be men
mkUttIP -> Utt
who
mkUttIAdv -> Utt
why
mkUttNP -> Utt
this man
mkUttAdv -> Utt
here
mkUttVP -> Utt
to sleep
mkUttCN -> Utt
beer
mkUttAP -> Utt
good
mkUttCard -> Utt
five
no_UttUtt
no
yes_UttUtt
yes
- - -

V - one-place verb

- -

-Lexical category, constructors given in -lexical paradigms. -

- - -

V2 - two-place verb

- - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
have_V2V2
to have it
- - -

V2A - verb with NP and AP complement

- -

-Lexical category, constructors given in -lexical paradigms. -

- - -

V2Q - verb with NP and Q complement

- -

-Lexical category, constructors given in -lexical paradigms. -

- - -

V2S - verb with NP and S complement

- -

-Lexical category, constructors given in -lexical paradigms. -

- - -

V2V - verb with NP and V complement

- -

-Lexical category, constructors given in -lexical paradigms. -

- - -

V3 - three-place verb

- -

-Lexical category, constructors given in -lexical paradigms. -

- - -

VA - adjective-complement verb

- -

-Lexical category, constructors given in -lexical paradigms. -

- - -

VP - verb phrase

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkVPV -> VP
to sleep
mkVPV2 -> NP -> VP
to love him
mkVPV3 -> NP -> NP -> VP
to send it to him
mkVPVV -> VP -> VP
to want to sleep
mkVPVS -> S -> VP
to know that she sleeps
mkVPVQ -> QS -> VP
to wonder who sleeps
mkVPVA -> AP -> VP
to become red
mkVPV2A -> NP -> AP -> VP
to paint it red
mkVPV2S -> NP -> S -> VP
to answer to him that she sleeps
mkVPV2Q -> NP -> QS -> VP
to ask him who sleeps
mkVPV2V -> NP -> VP -> VP
to beg him to sleep
mkVPA -> VP
to be old
mkVPA -> NP -> VP
to be older than he
mkVPA2 -> NP -> VP
to be married to him
mkVPAP -> VP
to be very old
mkVPN -> VP
to be a woman
mkVPCN -> VP
to be an old woman
mkVPNP -> VP
to be the woman
mkVPAdv -> VP
to be here
mkVPVP -> Adv -> VP
to sleep here
mkVPAdV -> VP -> VP
to always sleep
mkVPVPSlash -> NP -> VP
to paint it black
mkVPVPSlash -> VP
to paint itself black
mkVPComp -> VP
to be warm
passiveVPV2 -> VP
to be loved
passiveVPV2 -> NP -> VP
to be loved by her
progressiveVPVP -> VP
to be sleeping
reflexiveVPV2 -> VP
to love itself
reflexiveVPVPSlash -> VPpaint itself black
- - -

VPSlash - verb phrase missing complement

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkVPSlashV2 -> VPSlash
whom does she see
mkVPSlashV3 -> NP -> VPSlash
whom does she send it to
mkVPSlashV2A -> AP -> VPSlash
whom does she paint red
mkVPSlashV2Q -> QS -> VPSlash
whom does she ask where I sleep
mkVPSlashV2S -> S -> VPSlash
whom does she answer that I sleep to
mkVPSlashV2V -> VP -> VPSlash
whom does she beg to sleep
mkVPSlashVV -> VPSlash -> VPSlash
whom does she want to see
mkVPSlashV2V -> NP -> VPSlash -> VPSlash
whom does she beg me to see
- - -

VQ - question-complement verb

- -

-Lexical category, constructors given in -lexical paradigms. -

- - -

VS - sentence-complement verb

- -

-Lexical category, constructors given in -lexical paradigms. -

- - -

VV - verb-phrase-complement verb

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
can8know_VVVV
to be able to sleep
can_VVVV
to be able to sleep
must_VVVV
have to
want_VVVV
to want to sleep
- - -

Voc - vocative or "please"

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
mkVocNP -> Voc
yes, my friend
please_VocVoc
please
- - -

Lexical Paradigms

- - -

Paradigms for Afrikaans

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/afrikaans/ParadigmsAfr.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
deGendernon-neutrum
hetGenderneutrum
--dieGender-
mkN(muis : Str) -> Nde muis-muisen, with some predictable exceptions
mkN(bit : Str) -> Gender -> Nif gender is not predictable
mkN(gat,gaten : Str) -> Gender -> Nworst-case for nouns
mkN2N -> N2relational noun with preposition van
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2other preposition than van
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3e.g. afstand + van + naar
mkPNStr -> PNproper name
mkA(vers : Str) -> Aregular adjective
mkA(sag, sagte : Str) -> A --"semi-irregular"-
mkA(goed,goede,goeds,beter,best : Str) -> Airregular adjective
invarAStr -> Aadjective with just one form
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2e.g. getrouwd + met
mkAdvStr -> Adv-
mkPrepStr -> Prep-
van_PrepPrep-
te_PrepPrep-
mkV(aaien : Str) -> Vregular verb
mkV(breken,brak,gebroken : Str) -> Vtheme of irregular verb
mkV(breken,brak,braken,gebroken : Str) -> Valso past plural irregular
mkV(aai,aait,aaien,aaide,aaide,aaiden,geaaid : Str) -> Vworst-case verb
mkVStr -> V -> Vadd movable suffix, e.g. af + stappen
zijnVV -> Vforce zijn as auxiliary (default hebben)
reflVV -> Vreflexive verb e.g. zich afvragen
mkV3V -> V3geven,(accusative),(dative)
mkV3V -> Prep -> V3sturen,(accusative),naar
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3praten, met, over
mkVSV -> VS-
mkV2SV -> Prep -> V2S-
mkVVV -> VV-
mkV2VV -> Prep -> V2V-
mkVAV -> VA-
mkV2AV -> Prep -> V2A-
mkVQV -> VQ-
mkV2QV -> Prep -> V2Q-
- - -

Paradigms for Bulgarian

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/bulgarian/ParadigmsBul.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
mkN001Str -> Nnumbers refer to Krustev, Bulg. Morph. in 187 Tables
mkN002Str -> N-
mkN002aStr -> N-
mkN003Str -> N-
mkN004Str -> N-
mkN005Str -> N-
mkN006Str -> N-
mkN007Str -> N-
mkN007bStr -> N-
mkN007aStr -> N-
mkN008Str -> N-
mkN008bStr -> N-
mkN008cStr -> N-
mkN008aStr -> N-
mkN009Str -> N-
mkN009aStr -> N-
mkN010Str -> N-
mkN011Str -> N-
mkN012Str -> N-
mkN013Str -> N-
mkN014Str -> N-
mkN014aStr -> N-
mkN015Str -> N-
mkN015aStr -> N-
mkN016Str -> N-
mkN016aStr -> N-
mkN017Str -> N-
mkN018Str -> N-
mkN018aStr -> N-
mkN019Str -> N-
mkN019aStr -> N-
mkN020Str -> N-
mkN021Str -> N-
mkN022Str -> N-
mkN023Str -> N-
mkN024aStr -> N-
mkN024Str -> N-
mkN025Str -> N-
mkN026Str -> N-
mkN027Str -> N-
mkN028Str -> N-
mkN028aStr -> N-
mkN029Str -> N-
mkN030Str -> N-
mkN031Str -> N-
mkN031aStr -> N-
mkN032Str -> N-
mkN032aStr -> N-
mkN033Str -> N-
mkN034Str -> N-
mkN035Str -> N-
mkN035aStr -> N-
mkN036Str -> N-
mkN037Str -> N-
mkN038Str -> N-
mkN039Str -> N-
mkN040Str -> N-
mkN040aStr -> N-
mkN041Str -> N-
mkN041aStr -> N-
mkN041bStr -> N-
mkN042Str -> N-
mkN043Str -> N-
mkN043aStr -> N-
mkN044Str -> N-
mkN045Str -> N-
mkN046Str -> N-
mkN047Str -> N-
mkN048Str -> N-
mkN049Str -> N-
mkN050Str -> N-
mkN051Str -> N-
mkN052Str -> N-
mkN052aStr -> N-
mkN053Str -> N-
mkN054Str -> N-
mkN055Str -> N-
mkN056Str -> N-
mkN057Str -> N-
mkN057aStr -> N-
mkN058Str -> N-
mkN059Str -> N-
mkN060Str -> N-
mkN061Str -> N-
mkN062Str -> N-
mkN063Str -> N-
mkN064Str -> N-
mkN065Str -> N-
mkN066Str -> N-
mkN067Str -> N-
mkN068Str -> N-
mkN069Str -> N-
mkN070Str -> N-
mkN071Str -> N-
mkN072Str -> N-
mkN073Str -> N-
mkN074Str -> N-
mkN075Str -> N-
mkN076Str -> N-
mkN077Str -> N-
mkA076Str -> A-
mkA077Str -> A-
mkA078Str -> A-
mkA079Str -> A-
mkA080Str -> A-
mkA081Str -> A-
mkA082Str -> A-
mkA082aStr -> A-
mkA083Str -> A-
mkA084Str -> A-
mkA084aStr -> A-
mkA085Str -> A-
mkA086Str -> A-
mkA087Str -> A-
mkA088Str -> A-
mkA089aStr -> A-
mkV142Str -> VTable-
mkV143Str -> VTable-
mkV144Str -> VTable-
mkV145Str -> VTable-
mkV145aStr -> VTable-
mkV145bStr -> VTable-
mkV146Str -> VTable-
mkV146aStr -> VTable-
mkV147Str -> VTable-
mkV148Str -> VTable-
mkV149Str -> VTable-
mkV150Str -> VTable-
mkV150aStr -> VTable-
mkV151Str -> VTable-
mkV152Str -> VTable-
mkV152aStr -> VTable-
mkV153Str -> VTable-
mkV154Str -> VTable-
mkV155Str -> VTable-
mkV156Str -> VTable-
mkV157Str -> VTable-
mkV158Str -> VTable-
mkV159Str -> VTable-
mkV160Str -> VTable-
mkV160aStr -> VTable-
mkV161Str -> VTable-
mkV161aStr -> VTable-
mkV162Str -> VTable-
mkV163Str -> VTable-
mkV164Str -> VTable-
mkV165Str -> VTable-
mkV166Str -> VTable-
mkV167Str -> VTable-
mkV168Str -> VTable-
mkV169Str -> VTable-
mkV170Str -> VTable-
mkV171Str -> VTable-
mkV172Str -> VTable-
mkV173Str -> VTable-
mkV174Str -> VTable-
mkV175Str -> VTable-
mkV176Str -> VTable-
mkV177Str -> VTable-
mkV178Str -> VTable-
mkV179Str -> VTable-
mkV180Str -> VTable-
mkV181Str -> VTable-
mkV182Str -> VTable-
mkV183Str -> VTable-
mkV184Str -> VTable-
mkV185Str -> VTable-
mkV186Str -> VTable-
mkV187Str -> VTable-
mkV188Str -> VTable-
adjAdvA -> Str -> A-
- - -

Paradigms for Catalan

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/catalan/ParadigmsCat.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
GenderType-
masculineGender-
feminineGender-
NumberType-
singularNumber-
pluralNumber-
accusativePrepdirect object
genitivePreppreposition "de"
dativePreppreposition "a"
mkPrepStr -> Prepother preposition
mkN(llum : Str) -> Nregular, with heuristics for plural and gender
mkNStr -> Gender -> Nforce gender
mkN(disc,discos : Str) -> Gender -> Nworst case
compNN -> Str -> Ncompound, e.g. "número" + "de telèfon"
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2e.g. filla + genitive
deN2N -> N2relation with genitive
aN2N -> N2relation with dative
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3e.g. connexió + genitive + dative
mkPN(Anna : Str) -> PNfeminine for "-a", otherwise masculine
mkPN(Pilar : Str) -> Gender -> PNforce gender
mkPNN -> PN-
mkA(sol : Str) -> Aregular
mkA(fort,forta,forts,fortes,fortament : Str) -> Aworst case
mkA(bo : A) -> (millor : A) -> Aspecial comparison (default with "mas")
prefixAA -> Aadjective before noun (default: after)
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2e.g. "casat" + dative
mkAdvStr -> Adv-
mkAdVStr -> AdV-
mkAdAStr -> AdA-
mkV(cantar : Str) -> Vregular in models I, IIa, IIb
mkV(servir,serveixo : Str) -> V --inchoative verbs and "re" verbs whose 1st person ends in c-
mkVVerbum -> Vuse verb constructed in BeschCat
mkVV -> Str -> Vparticle verb
reflVV -> Vreflexive verb
mkV2Str -> V2regular verb, direct object
mkV2V -> V2any verb, direct object
mkV2V -> Prep -> V2preposition for complement
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3parlar, a, de
dirV3V -> Prep -> V3donar,(accusative),a
dirdirV3V -> V3donar,(dative),(accusative)
mkVSV -> VS-
mkV2SV -> Prep -> V2S-
mkVVV -> VVplain infinitive: "vull parlar"
deVVV -> VV"acabar de parlar"
aVVV -> VV"aprendre a parlar"
mkV2VV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V-
mkVAV -> VA-
mkV2AV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A-
mkVQV -> VQ-
mkV2QV -> Prep -> V2Q-
- - -

Paradigms for Chinese

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/chinese/ParadigmsChi.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
mkN(man : Str) -> N-
mkN(man : Str) -> Str -> N-
mkN2Str -> N2-
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3-
mkPN(john : Str) -> PN-
foreignPN(john : Str) -> PN-
mkA(small : Str) -> A-
mkA(small : Str) -> Bool -> A-
mkA2Str -> A2-
mkV(walk : Str) -> V-
mkV(walk,out : Str) -> V-
mkV(arrive : Str) -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> V-
mkV(arrive : Str) -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> V-
mkV2Str -> V2-
mkV2V -> V2-
mkV2V -> Prep -> V2-
mkV3Str -> V3-
mkV3V -> V3-
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3-
mkVVStr -> VV-
mkVQStr -> VQ-
mkVQV -> VQ-
mkVSStr -> VS-
mkVSStr -> Str -> VS-
mkVSV -> VS-
mkVAStr -> VA-
mkVAV -> VA-
mkV2QV -> V2Q-
mkV2QStr -> V2Q-
mkV2VStr -> V2V-
mkV2VV -> V2V-
mkV2SStr -> V2S-
mkV2SV -> V2S-
mkV2AStr -> V2A-
mkV2AV -> V2A-
mkAdvStr -> Adv-
mkAdvStr -> Str -> Adv-
mkAdvStr -> AdvType -> Adv-
AdvTypeType-
placeAdvTypeAdvTypewithout "在" included
zai_placeAdvTypeAdvTypewith "在" included
timeAdvTypeAdvType-
mannerAdvTypeAdvType-
mkPrepStr -> Prep-
mkPrepStr -> Str -> Prep-
mkPrepStr -> Str -> AdvType -> Prep-
mkInterjStr -> Interj-
emptyPrepPreposition-
mkpNPStr -> CatChi.NP-
mkAdVStr -> AdV-
mkAdNStr -> AdN-
mkSubjStr -> Subj-
mkConjStr -> Conj-
mkConj(both,and : Str) -> Conj-
mkpDetStr -> Det-
mkQuantStr -> Quant-
mkAdAStr -> AdA-
mkNumStr -> Num-
mkPredetStr -> Predet-
mkIDetStr -> IDet-
mkPConjStr -> PConj-
mkRPStr -> RP-
- - -

Paradigms for Danish

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/danish/ParadigmsDan.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
GenderType-
utrumGender"en" gender
neutrumGender"et" gender
mkPrepStr -> Prepe.g. "til"
noPrepPrepempty string
mkN(bil : Str) -> Nregular noun: "en" gender with plural "-er" or "-r"
mkN(bil,bilen : Str) -> Nbetter prediction from both singular and plural
mkN(dreng,drengen,drenge,drengene : Str) -> Nworst case
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2e.g. datter + til
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3e.g. forbindelse + fra + til
mkPNStr -> PNutrum gender
mkPNStr -> Gender -> PNother gender
mkA(fin : Str) -> Aregular adjective
mkA(fin,fint : Str) -> Adeviant neuter
mkA(galen,galet,galne : Str) -> Aalso deviant plural
mkA(stor,stort,store,storre,storst : Str) -> Aworst case
mkAA -> Aforce comparison with mer/mest
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2e.g. gift + med
mkAdvStr -> Advafter verb, e.g. "idag"
mkAdVStr -> AdVclose to verb, e.g. "altid"
mkAdAStr -> AdAmodify adjective, e.g. "meget"
mkV(snakke : Str) -> Vregular verb
mkV(leve,levde : Str) -> Valso give past tense
mkV(drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -> Vtheme of irregular verb
mkV(spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis : Str) -> Vworst case
mkVV -> Str -> Vparticle verb, e.g. lukke + op
vaereVV -> Vforce auxiliary "være"
depVV -> Vdeponent, e.g. "undres"
reflVV -> Vreflexive, e.g. "forestille sig"
mkV2V -> V2direct object
mkV2V -> Prep -> V2prepositional object
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3snakke, med, om
dirV3V -> Prep -> V3give,_,til
dirdirV3V -> V3give,_,_
mkVSV -> VS-
mkV2SV -> Prep -> V2S-
mkVVV -> VV-
mkV2VV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V-
mkVAV -> VA-
mkV2AV -> Prep -> V2A-
mkVQV -> VQ-
mkV2QV -> Prep -> V2Q-
- - -

Paradigms for Dutch

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/dutch/ParadigmsDut.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
deGendernon-neutrum
hetGenderneutrum
nominativeCasenominative of nouns
genitiveCasegenitive of nouns
mkN(bank : Str) -> Nde bank-banken, with some predictable exceptions
mkN(bit : Str) -> Gender -> Nif gender is not predictable
mkN(gat, gaten : Str) -> Gender -> Nworst-case for nouns
mkN(werk, plaats : N) -> Ncompound werkplaats
mkN(station, hal : N) -> Case -> Ncompound stationshal
mkN2N -> N2relational noun with preposition van
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2other preposition than van
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3e.g. afstand + van + naar
mkPNStr -> PNproper name
mkPNN -> PNproper name from noun
mkA(vers : Str) -> Aregular adjective
mkA(tweed,tweede : Str) -> Awith deviant second form
mkA(goed,goede,goeds,beter,best : Str) -> Airregular adjective
invarAStr -> Aadjective with just one form
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2e.g. getrouwd + met
mkAdvStr -> Adv-
mkPrepStr -> Prep-
van_PrepPrep-
te_PrepPrep-
mkV(aaien : Str) -> Vregular verb
mkV(aaien,aait : Str) -> Vregular verb with third person sg pres (giving stem)
mkV(breken,brak,gebroken : Str) -> Vtheme of irregular verb
mkV(breken,brak,braken,gebroken : Str) -> Valso past plural irregular
mkV(aai,aait,aaien,aaide,aaide,aaiden,geaaid : Str) -> Valmost worst-case verb, Sg2=Sg3
mkV(aai,aait,aait,aaien,aaide,aaide,aaiden,geaaid : Str) -> Vworst-case verb
mkVStr -> V -> Vadd movable suffix, e.g. af + stappen
no_geVV -> Vno participle "ge", e.g. "vertrekken"
fixprefixVStr -> V -> Vadd prefix such as "be"; implies no_ge
zijnVV -> Vforce zijn as auxiliary (default hebben)
reflVV -> Vreflexive verb e.g. zich afvragen
mkV3V -> V3geven,(accusative),(dative)
mkV3V -> Prep -> V3sturen,(accusative),naar
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3praten, met, over
mkVSV -> VS-
mkVVV -> VVwith "te"
auxVVV -> VVwithout "te"
mkV2VV -> Prep -> V2V-
mkV2VV -> V2V-
auxV2VV -> V2V-
auxV2VV -> Prep -> V2V-
mkV2SV -> Prep -> V2S-
mkV2SV -> V2S-
mkV2AV -> Prep -> V2A-
mkV2AV -> V2A-
mkV2QV -> Prep -> V2Q-
mkV2QV -> V2Q-
mkVAV -> VA-
mkVQV -> VQ-
- - -

Paradigms for English

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/english/ParadigmsEng.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
GenderType-
humanGender-
nonhumanGender-
NumberType-
singularNumber-
pluralNumber-
npNumberNP -> Numberexctract the number of a noun phrase
mkN(flash : Str) -> Nplural s, incl. flash-flashes, fly-flies
mkN(man,men : Str) -> Nirregular plural
mkN(man,men,man's,men's : Str) -> Nirregular genitives
mkNGender -> N -> Ndefault nonhuman
mkNStr -> N -> Ne.g. baby + boom
mkN2N -> N2e.g. wife of (default prep. to)
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2e.g. access to
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3e.g. connection from x to y
mkPNStr -> PN-
mkA(happy : Str) -> Aregular adj, incl. happy-happier, rude-ruder
mkA(fat,fatter : Str) -> Airreg. comparative
mkA(good,better,best,well : Str) -> Acompletely irreg.
compoundAA -> Aforce comparison with more/most
simpleAA -> Aforce comparison with -er,-est
irregAdvA -> Str -> Aadverb irreg, e.g. "fast"
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2absent from
mkAdvStr -> Adve.g. today
mkAdVStr -> AdVe.g. always
mkAdAStr -> AdAe.g. quite
mkAdNStr -> AdNe.g. approximately
mkPrepStr -> Prepe.g. "in front of"
mkPostStr -> Prepe.g. "ago"
noPrepPrepno preposition
mkV(cry : Str) -> Vregular, incl. cry-cries, kiss-kisses etc
mkV(stop, stopped : Str) -> Vreg. with consonant duplication
mkV(drink, drank, drunk : Str) -> Vordinary irregular
mkV(go, goes, went, gone, going : Str) -> Vtotally irregular
mkVStr -> V -> Vfix compound, e.g. under+take
partVV -> Str -> Vwith particle, e.g. switch + on
reflVV -> Vreflexive e.g. behave oneself
us_britishVStr -> Vtravel - traveled/travelled
mkV2V -> V2transitive, e.g. hit
mkV2V -> Prep -> V2with preposiiton, e.g. believe in
mkV3V -> V3ditransitive, e.g. give,_,_
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3two prepositions, e.g. speak, with, about
mkVSV -> VSsentence-compl e.g. say (that S)
mkV2SV -> Prep -> V2Se.g. tell (NP) (that S)
mkVVV -> VVe.g. want (to VP)
infVVV -> VVe.g. want (to VP)
ingVVV -> VVe.g. start (VPing)
mkV2VV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2Ve.g. want (noPrep NP) (to VP)
ingV2VV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2Ve.g. prevent (noPrep NP) (from VP-ing)
mkVAV -> VAe.g. become (AP)
mkV2AV -> Prep -> V2Ae.g. paint (NP) (AP)
mkVQV -> VQe.g. wonder (QS)
mkV2QV -> Prep -> V2Qe.g. ask (NP) (QS)
mkInterjStr -> Interj-
- - -

Paradigms for Estonian

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/estonian/ParadigmsEst.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
NumberType-
singularNumber-
pluralNumber-
CaseType-
nominativeCasee.g. "karp"
genitiveCasee.g. "karbi"
partitiveCasee.g. "karpi"
illativeCasee.g. "karbisse/karpi"
inessiveCasee.g. "karbis"
elativeCasee.g. "karbist"
allativeCasee.g. "karbile"
adessiveCasee.g. "karbil"
ablativeCasee.g. "karbilt"
translativeCasee.g. "karbiks"
terminativeCasee.g. "karbini"
essiveCasee.g. "karbina"
abessiveCasee.g. "karbita"
comitativeCasee.g. "karbiga"
infDaInfForme.g. "lugeda"
infDesInfForme.g. "lugedes"
infMaInfForme.g. "lugema"
infMasInfForme.g. "lugemas"
infMaksInfForme.g. "lugemaks"
infMastInfForme.g. "lugemast"
infMataInfForme.g. "lugemata"
prePrepCase -> Str -> Preppreposition, e.g. abessive "ilma"
postPrepCase -> Str -> Preppostposition, e.g. genitive "taga"
postGenPrepStr -> Prepgenitive postposition, e.g. "taga"
casePrepCase -> Prepjust case, e.g. adessive
mkAdvStr -> Adv-
mkConjStr -> Conjjust one word, default number Sg: e.g. "ja"
mkConjStr -> Number -> Conj --just one word + number: e.g. "ja" Pl-
mkConjStr -> Str -> Conj --two words, default number: e.g. "nii" "kui"-
mkConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conj --two words + number: e.g. "nii" "kui" Pl-
mkPConjStr -> PConj-
mkN(ema : Str) -> Npredictable nouns, covers 90%
mkN(tukk,tuku : Str) -> Nsg nom,gen: unpredictable stem vowel
mkN(tukk,tuku,tukku : Str) -> Nsg nom,gen,part
mkN(pank,panga,panka,panku : Str) -> Nsg nom,gen,part, pl.part
mkN(oun,ouna,ouna,ounasse,ounte,ounu : Str) -> Nworst case, 6 forms
mkN2N -> N2relational noun with genitive
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2relational noun another prep.
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3relation with two complements
mkPNStr -> PNpredictable noun made into name
mkPNN -> PNany noun made into name
mkAStr -> Aregular noun made into adjective
mkAN -> Aany noun made into adjective
mkAN -> (infl : Infl) -> Anoun made into adjective, agreement type specified
mkAN -> (parem, parim : Str) -> Adeviating comparison forms
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2e.g. "vihane" (postGenPrep "peale")
invAStr -> Ainvariable adjectives, such as genitive attributes ; no agreement to head, no comparison forms.
mkV(lugema : Str) -> Vpredictable verbs, covers 90 %
mkV(lugema,lugeda : Str) -> Vma infinitive, da infinitive
mkV(lugema,lugeda,loeb : Str) -> Vma, da, present sg 3
mkV(lugema,lugeda,loeb,loetakse : Str) -> V --ma, da, pres sg 3, pres passive-
mkV(tegema,teha,teeb,tehakse,tehke,tegi,teinud,tehtud : Str) -> Vworst-case verb, 8 forms
mkV(saama : V) -> (aru : Str) -> Vmulti-word verbs
caseVCase -> V -> Vdeviating subj. case, e.g. allative "meeldima"
vOlemaVthe verb "be"
vMinemaVthe verb "go"
mkV2Str -> V2predictable direct transitive
mkV2V -> V2direct transitive
mkV2V -> Case -> V2complement just case
mkV2V -> Prep -> V2complement pre/postposition
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3e.g. rääkima, allative, elative
mkV3Str -> V3string, default cases accusative + allative
dirV3V -> Case -> V3liigutama, (accusative), illative
dirdirV3V -> V3andma, (accusative), (allative)
mkVSV -> VS-
mkVSStr -> VS-
mkV2SV -> Prep -> V2Se.g. "ütlema" allative
mkV2SStr -> V2S --default (mkV foo) allative-
mkVVV -> VVe.g. "hakkama"
mkVVStr -> VV-
mkVVfV -> InfForm -> VVe.g. "hakkama" infMa
mkV2VV -> Prep -> V2Ve.g. "käskima" adessive
mkV2VStr -> V2Ve.g. "käskima" adessive
mkV2VfV -> Prep -> InfForm -> V2Ve.g. "keelama" partitive infMast
mkVAV -> Prep -> VAe.g. "muutuma" translative
mkVAStr -> VAstring, default case translative
mkV2AV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2Ae.g. "värvima" genitive translative
mkV2AStr -> V2Astring, default cases genitive and translative
mkVQV -> VQ-
mkVQStr -> VQ-
mkV2QV -> Prep -> V2Qe.g. "küsima" ablative
- - -

Paradigms for Finnish

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/finnish/ParadigmsFin.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
NumberType-
singularNumber-
pluralNumber-
CaseType-
nominativeCasee.g. "talo"
genitiveCasee.g. "talon"
partitiveCasee.g. "taloa"
essiveCasee.g. "talona"
translativeCasee.g. "taloksi"
inessiveCasee.g. "talossa"
elativeCasee.g. "talosta"
illativeCasee.g. "taloon"
adessiveCasee.g. "talolla"
ablativeCasee.g. "talolta"
allativeCasee.g. "talolle"
infFirstInfForme.g. "tehdä"
infInessInfForme.g. "tekemässä"
infElatInfForme.g. "tekemästä"
infIllatInfForme.g. "tekemään"
infPresPartInfForme.g. "tekevän"
infPresPartAgrInfForme.g. "tekevänsä"
prePrepCase -> Str -> Preppreposition, e.g. partitive "ilman"
postPrepCase -> Str -> Preppostposition, e.g. genitive "takana"
postGenPrepStr -> Prepgenitive postposition, e.g. "takana"
casePrepCase -> Prepjust case, e.g. adessive
mkPrepCase -> Prep-
mkPrepStr -> Prep-
mkPrepCase -> Str -> Prep-
mkPrepStr -> Case -> Prep-
accusativePrep-
NKTypeNoun from DictFin (Kotus)
AKTypeAdjective from DictFin (Kotus)
VKTypeVerb from DictFin (Kotus)
AdvKTypeAdverb from DictFin (Kotus)
mkN(kukko : Str) -> Npredictable nouns, covers 82%
mkN(savi,savia : Str) -> Ndifferent pl.part
mkN(vesi,veden,vesiä : Str) -> Nalso different sg.gen
mkN(vesi,veden,vesiä,vettä : Str) -> Nalso different sg.part
mkN(olo,n,a,na,oon,jen,ja,ina,issa,ihin : Str) -> Nworst case, 10 forms
mkN(pika : Str) -> (juna : N) -> Ncompound with invariable prefix
mkN(oma : N) -> (tunto : N) -> Ncompound with inflecting prefix
mkNNK -> Nnoun from DictFin (Kotus)
mkNV -> Nverbal noun: "tekeminen"
exceptNomNN -> Str -> N-
separateNStr -> N -> N-
separateNN -> N -> N-
mkN2N -> N2relational noun with genitive
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2relational noun another prep.
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3relation with two complements
mkPNStr -> PNpredictable noun made into name
mkPNN -> PNany noun made into name
foreignPNStr -> PNDieppe-Dieppen
mkAStr -> Aregular noun made into adjective
mkAN -> Aany noun made into adjective
mkAN -> (kivempi,kivin : Str) -> Adeviating comparison forms
mkA(hyva,prmpi,pras : N) -> (hyvin,pmmin,prhten : Str) -> Aworst case adj
mkAAK -> Aadjective from DictFin (Kotus)
invarAStr -> Ainvariant adjective, e.g. "kelpo"
mkA2Str -> A2e.g. "vihainen" (jollekin)
mkA2Str -> Prep -> A2e.g. "jaollinen" (mkPrep adessive)
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2e.g. "jaollinen" (mkPrep adessive)
mkV(huutaa : Str) -> Vpredictable verbs, covers 90%
mkV(huutaa,huusi : Str) -> Vdeviating past 3sg
mkV(huutaa,huudan,huusi : Str) -> Valso deviating pres. 1sg
mkV(huutaa,dan,taa,tavat,takaa,detaan,sin,si,sisi,tanut,dettu,tanee : Str) -> Vworst-case verb
mkVVK -> Vverb from DictFin (Kotus)
mkVV -> Str -> Vhakata päälle (particle verb)
mkVStr -> V -> Vlaimin+lyödä (prefixed verb)
caseVCase -> V -> Vdeviating subj. case, e.g. genitive "täytyä"
vOllaVthe verb "be"
olla_VV-
mkV2Str -> V2predictable direct transitive
mkV2Str -> Case -> V2predictable with another case
mkV2V -> V2direct transitive
mkV2V -> Case -> V2complement just case
mkV2V -> Prep -> V2complement pre/postposition
mkV2VK -> V2direct transitive of Kotus verb
mkV3Str -> V3-
mkV3V -> V3-
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3e.g. puhua, allative, elative
dirV3V -> Case -> V3siirtää, (accusative), illative
dirdirV3V -> V3antaa, (accusative), (allative)
mkVVStr -> VVe.g. "yrittää" (puhua)
mkVVV -> VVe.g. "alkaa" (puhua)
mkVVStr -> InfForm -> VVe.g. "ruveta" (puhumaan)
mkVVV -> InfForm -> VVe.g. "lakata" (puhumasta)
mkVSStr -> VSe.g. "väittää"
mkVSV -> VSe.g. "sanoa"
mkV2VStr -> V2Vreg verb, partitive + infIllat
mkV2VV -> V2Vpartitive + infillat
mkV2VV -> Prep -> V2Ve.g. "käskeä" genitive + infFiilat
mkV2VV -> Prep -> InfForm -> V2Ve.g. "kieltää" partitive infElat
mkV2VV -> Case -> InfForm -> V2V-
mkV2SV -> Prep -> V2Se.g. "sanoa" allative
mkVVfV -> InfForm -> VVe.g. "ruveta" infIllat
mkV2VfV -> Prep -> InfForm -> V2Ve.g. "kieltää" partitive infElat
mkVAV -> Prep -> VAe.g. "maistua" ablative
mkV2AV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2Ae.g. "maalata" accusative translative
mkVQV -> VQ-
mkV2QV -> Prep -> V2Qe.g. "kysyä" ablative
mkAdVStr -> AdV-
mkAdAStr -> AdA-
mkAdNStr -> AdN-
mkPConjStr -> PConj-
mkSubjStr -> Subj-
mkPredetStr -> Predetinvariable Predet, such as "vain"
mkConjStr -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Str -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conj-
mkDetNumber -> N -> Det-
mkDet(isNeg : Bool) -> Number -> N -> Detuse this with True to create a negative determiner
mkDet(isNeg : Bool) -> Number -> N -> Case -> Detpaljon + False + partitive, ei yhtään + True + partitive
mkQuantN -> Quant-
mkQuantN -> N -> Quant-
mkInterjStr -> Interj-
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Paradigms for French

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-source ../src/french/ParadigmsFre.gf -

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FunctionTypeExplanation
GenderType-
masculineGender-
feminineGender-
accusativePrepdirect object case
genitivePrepgenitive, constructed with "de"
dativePrepdative, usually constructed with "à"
mkPrepStr -> Prepsimple preposition (other than "de" and "à")
mkPrepStr -> Prep -> Prepcomplex preposition e.g. "à côté de"
mkN(cheval : Str) -> Npredictable, with variations like cheval-chevaux
mkN(oeil,yeux : Str) -> Gender -> Nworst-case noun
mkNN -> Str -> Ncompound noun, e.g. numéro + de téléphone
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2e.g. fille + genitive
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3e.g. connection + genitive + dative
mkPNStr -> PNfeminine if ends with "e", otherwise masculine
mkPNStr -> Gender -> PNgender deviant from the simple rule
mkPNN -> PNgender inherited from noun
mkA(cher : Str) -> Apredictable, e.g. cher-chère
mkA(sec,seche : Str) -> Aunpredictable feminine
mkA(banal,banale,banaux : Str) -> A-
mkA(banal,banale,banaux,banalement : Str) -> Aworst-case adjective
mkAA -> A -> Airregular comparison, e.g. bon-meilleur
prefixAA -> Aadjective that comes before noun, e.g. petit
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2e.g. supérieur + dative
mkAdvStr -> Advordinary adverb
mkAdVStr -> AdVsentential adverb, e.g. toujours
mkAdAStr -> AdAmodify adjective, e.g. très
mkV(finir : Str) -> Vregular 1/2/3 conjugation
mkV(jeter,jette : Str) -> V1st and 2nd conjugation variations
mkV(jeter,jette,jettera : Str) -> V1st conjugation variations
mkV(tenir,tiens,tenons,tiennent,tint,tiendra,tenu : Str) -> V-
mkV(tenir,tiens,tient,tenons,tenez,tiennent,tienne,tenions,tiensI,tint,tiendra,tenu : Str) -> V-
mkVV2 -> Vmake 2-place to 1-place (e.g. from IrregFre)
mkVV -> Str -> V-
etreVV -> Vforce auxiliary to be être (default avoir)
reflVV -> Vreflexive, implies auxiliary être, e.g. se demander
mkV2V -> V2direct transitive
mkV2V -> Prep -> V2e.g. se fier + genitive
mkV3V -> V3donner (+ accusative + dative)
mkV3V -> Prep -> V3placer (+ accusative) + dans
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3parler + dative + genitive
mkVSV -> VS-
subjVSV -> VS-
mkVVV -> VVplain infinitive: "je veux parler"
deVVV -> VV"j'essaie de parler"
aVVV -> VV"j'arrive à parler"
mkV2SV -> V2S-
mkV2SV -> Prep -> V2S-
mkV2VV -> V2V-
mkV2VV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V-
mkVAV -> VA-
mkV2AV -> V2A-
mkV2AV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A-
mkVQV -> VQ-
mkV2QV -> Prep -> V2Q-
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Paradigms for German

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-source ../src/german/ParadigmsGer.gf -

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FunctionTypeExplanation
GenderType-
masculineGender-
feminineGender-
neuterGender-
CaseType-
nominativeCase-
accusativeCase-
dativeCase-
genitiveCase-
vonDat_CaseCase-
NumberType-
singularNumber-
pluralNumber-
mkN(Stufe : Str) -> Ndie Stufe-Stufen, der Tisch-Tische
mkN(Bild,Bilder : Str) -> Gender -> Nsg and pl nom, and gender
mkN(Frau : Str) -> Gender -> Nmasc: e, neutr: er, fem: en
mkN(x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> Gender -> Nworst case: mann, mann, manne, mannes, männer, männern
mkNStr -> N -> NAuto + Fahrer -> Autofahrer
mkNN -> N -> NFreiheit + Kampf -> Freiheitskampf
changeCompoundNStr -> N -> Nkyrko + kyrka_N
dative_eNN -> N-
mkN2N -> N2noun + von
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2noun + other preposition
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3noun + two prepositions
mkPNStr -> PNregular name with genitive in "s", masculine
mkPNStr -> Gender -> PNregular name with genitive in "s"
mkPN(nom,gen : Str) -> Gender -> PNname with other genitive
mkPN(nom,acc,dat,gen : Str) -> Gender -> PNname with all case forms
mkPNN -> PNuse the singular forms of a noun
mkAStr -> Aregular adjective, works for most cases
mkA(gut,besser,beste : Str) -> Airregular comparison
mkA(gut,gute,besser,beste : Str) -> Airregular positive if ending added
invarAStr -> Ainvariable, e.g. prima
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2e.g. teilbar + durch
mkAdvStr -> Advadverbs have just one form anyway
mkPrepStr -> Case -> Prepe.g. "durch" + accusative
mkPrepCase -> Str -> Preppostposition
mkPrepStr -> Case -> Str -> Prepboth sides
accPrepPrepno string, just accusative case
datPrepPrepno string, just dative case
genPrepPrepno string, just genitive case
von_PrepPrepvon + dative
zu_PrepPrepzu + dative, with contractions zum, zur
anDat_PrepPrepan + dative, with contraction am
inDat_PrepPrepin + dative, with contraction ins
inAcc_PrepPrepin + accusative, with contraction im
mkV(führen : Str) -> Vregular verb
mkV(sehen,sieht,sah,sähe,gesehen : Str) -> Virregular verb theme
mkV(geben, gibt, gib, gab, gäbe, gegeben : Str) -> Vworst-case verb
mkVStr -> V -> Vmovable prefix, e.g. auf+fassen, or fix prefix if one of be,er,ge,ver,zer
no_geVV -> Vno participle "ge", e.g. "bedeuten"
fixprefixVStr -> V -> Vadd prefix such as "be"; implies no_ge
seinVV -> Vforce "sein" as auxiliary
habenVV -> Vforce "haben" as auxiliary
reflVV -> Case -> Vreflexive, with case
compoundVStr -> V -> Vverb with a separate "particle", e.g. "Trinkgeld geben"
mkV2V -> V2direct object
mkV2V -> Prep -> V2preposition for complement
mkV2V -> Case -> V2just case for complement
accdatV3V -> V3geben + dat + acc (no prepositions)
dirV3V -> Prep -> V3senden + acc + nach (preposition on second arg)
mkV3V -> V3geben + dat + acc
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3sprechen + mit + über
mkVSV -> VS-
mkV2VV -> V2V-
mkV2VV -> Prep -> V2V-
auxV2VV -> V2V-
auxV2VV -> Prep -> V2V-
mkV2AV -> V2A-
mkV2AV -> Prep -> V2A-
mkV2SV -> V2S-
mkV2SV -> Prep -> V2S-
mkV2QV -> V2Q-
mkV2QV -> Prep -> V2Q-
mkVVV -> VVwith zu
auxVVV -> VVwithout zu
mkVAV -> VA-
mkVQV -> VQ-
mkInterjStr -> Interj-
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Paradigms for Greek

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-source ../src/greek/ParadigmsGre.gf -

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FunctionTypeExplanation
masculineGender-
feminineGender-
neutralGender-
accusativeCase-
genitiveCase-
indicativeMood-
conjunctiveMood-
singularNumber-
pluralNumber-
mkN(dentro : Str) -> N-
mkN(s : Str) -> Gender -> N-
mkN(s1,s2,s3,s4,p1,p2,p3,p4 : Str) -> Gender -> N-
mkN(s1,s2: Str) -> Gender -> N-
mkN1Str -> Gender -> N-
mkNendingStr -> Str -> Gender -> N-
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2 ---η μητέρα + γενική-
ofN2N -> N2-
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3-
mkPN(anna : Str) -> PN-
mkPN(nm,gm,am,vm,pn,pa : Str) -> Gender -> PN-
makeNP(_,_,_: Str) -> Number -> Gender -> NP-
makeNPStr -> Number -> Gender ->Bool -> NP-
mkpantaStr -> Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> NP-
mkkatiStr ->Number -> Gender -> Bool -> NP-
mkA(a : Str) -> A-
mkA(a,b: Str) -> A-
mkAd2Str -> A-
mkAd3Str -> A-
mkAd4Str -> A-
mkAd5Str -> A-
mkAdIrregStr -> A-
mkA1Str -> Str -> A-
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2-
mkA2VA -> Prep -> Prep -> A2V;-
mkAVA -> AV-
mkASA -> AS-
mkV2V -> V2-
mkV2V -> Prep -> V2-
mkVSV -> VS-
mkVQV -> VQ-
mkVVV -> VV-
mkVAV -> VA-
accPrep-
genPrep-
datPrep-
prepsePrep-
mkPrepStr -> Preposition-
mkPrep2Str -> Preposition-
mkPrep3Str -> Preposition-
mkPrep4Str -> Preposition-
PrepositionType-
mkPrepositionStr -> Preposition-
mkPreposition2Str -> Preposition-
mkPreposition3Str -> Preposition-
mkPreposition4Str -> Preposition-
mkV3V -> V3-
mkV3V -> Prep -> V3-
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3-
mkV3V -> V3-
mkV3V -> Prep -> V3-
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3-
mmkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3milaw, se, gia
dirV3V -> Prep -> V3dino,_,se
dirdirV3V -> V3dino,_,_
mmkV2V -> Prep -> V2-
dirV2V -> V2-
mkV2VV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V-
mkV2SV -> Prep -> V2S-
mkV2QV -> Prep -> V2Q-
mkV2AV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A-
mkV0V -> V0-
V0Type-
V0Type-
mkNVVerb -> V-
compoundVVerb -> Str -> V-
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Paradigms for Hindi

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-source ../src/hindi/ParadigmsHin.gf -

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FunctionTypeExplanation
masculineGender-
feminineGender-
singularNumber;-
pluralNumber;-
mkNStr -> N-
mkNStr -> Gender -> N-
mkN(x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> Gender -> N-
mkN2N -> Prep -> Str -> N2;-
mkN3N -> Prep -> Str -> Str-> N3-
mkCmpdNounStr -> N -> N-
mkPNStr -> PN-
mkPNN -> PN-
personalPNStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> UPerson -> Pron-
demoPNStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Quant-
mkDetStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Number -> Det-
mkIP(x1,x2,x3:Str) -> Number -> Gender -> IP-
mkAdNStr -> AdN-
mkAStr-> A-
mkAStr -> Str -> A2-
mkAA -> Str -> A2-
mkIrregAStr -> A-
mkA2A -> Str -> A2-
mkVStr -> V-
mkV2Str -> V2-
mkV2V -> V2-
mkV2V -> Str -> V2-
mkV3V -> Str -> Str -> V3;-
mkV2VV -> Str -> Str -> Bool -> V2V-
dirV2V -> V2-
dirdirV3V -> V3-
compoundVStr -> V -> V-
compoundVStr -> V2 -> V-
mkAdvStr -> Adv-
mkPrepStr -> Str -> Prep-
mkIQuant(s1,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,s12:Str) -> IQuant-
mkQuantPron -> Quant-
mkQuantPron -> Quant-
mkConjStr -> Conjand (plural agreement)
mkConjStr -> Number -> Conjor (agrement number given as argument)
mkConjStr -> Str -> Conjboth ... and (plural)
mkConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conjeither ... or (agrement number given as argument)
mkConjStr -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Number -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Str -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conj-
mk2ConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conj-
mkVSV -> VS;e.g drna
mkVVV -> VV-
mkAdAStr -> AdA-
mkVQV -> VQe.g janna
mkInterjStr -> Interj-
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Paradigms for Icelandic

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-

-source ../src/icelandic/ParadigmsIce.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
GenderType-
masculineGender-
feminineGender-
neuterGender-
NumberType-
singularNumber-
pluralNumber-
CaseType-
nominativeCase-
accusativeCase-
dativeCase-
genitiveCase-
mkNStr -> Gender -> N-
mkN(_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> N-
mkN(_,_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> N-
mkN(_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> N-
mkN(x1,_,_,_,_,_,_,x8 : Str) -> Gender -> N-
mkCompoundNStr -> N -> N-
mkNPlGenStr -> Gender -> N-
mk1NStr -> Gender -> N-
mk2N(_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> N-
mk3N(_,_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> N =\x,y,z,g -> case g of {-
mk4N(_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> N =\a,b,c,d,g -> case g of {-
neutrNForms1Str -> NForms-
neutrNForms2(_,_ : Str) -> NForms-
neutrNForms3(_,_,_ : Str) -> NForms-
neutrNForms4(_,_,_,_ : Str) -> NForms-
mascNForms1Str -> NForms-
mascNForms2(_,_ : Str) -> NForms-
mascNForms3(_,_,_ : Str) -> NForms =\nom,gen,pl -> case <nom,gen,pl> of {-
mascNForms4(_,_,_,_ : Str) -> NForms-
femNForms1Str -> NForms-
femNForms2(_,_ : Str) -> NForms-
femNForms3(_,_,_ : Str) -> NForms-
femNForms4(_,_,_,_ : Str) -> NForms-
mk8N(x1,_,_,_,_,_,_,x8 : Str) -> Gender -> N-
mkPNStr -> Gender -> PN-
mkN2N -> Preposition -> N2-
mkN3N -> (_,_ : Preposition) -> N3-
mkAStr -> A-
mkA(_,_ : Str) -> A-
mkA(_,_,_ : Str) -> A-
mk1AStr -> A-
mk2A(_,_ : Str) -> A-
mk3A(_,_,_ : Str) -> A-
strongPosit1Str -> AForms-
strongPosit2(_,_ : Str) -> AForms-
weakPosit(_,_ : Str) -> AForms-
compar1Str -> AForms-
compar2(_,_ : Str) -> AForms-
weakSuperl(_,_ : Str) -> AForms-
strongSuperl1Str -> AForms-
strongSuperl2(_,_ : Str) -> AForms-
regAAdv1Str -> Str-
regAAdv2(_,_ : Str) -> Str-
addAdvA -> Str -> A-
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2-
mkVStr -> V-
mkV(_,_ : Str) -> V-
mkV(_,_,_ : Str) -> V-
mkV(_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V-
mkV(_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V-
mkV(x1,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,x59 : Str) -> V-
mk1VStr -> V-
mk2V(_,_ : Str) -> V-
mk3V(_,_,_ : Str) -> V-
mk4V(_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V-
mk5V(_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V-
indsub1Str -> MForms-
indsub2(_,_ : Str) -> MForms-
indsub3(_,_,_ : Str) -> MForms-
impSgStr -> Str-
impPlStr -> Str-
supStr -> Str-
presPartStr -> Str-
strongPPStr -> AForms-
weakPPStr -> AForms-
irregVStr -> V-
irregV(_,_ : Str) -> V-
irregV(_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V-
irregV(_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V-
irregVMForms -> (_,_ : Str) -> V-
irreg1VStr -> V-
irreg2V(_,_ : Str) -> V-
irreg4V(_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V-
irreg6V(_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V-
irreg9VMForms -> (_,_ : Str) -> V-
impIrregSgStr -> Str-
irregindsubStr -> MForms-
irregindsub3(_,_,_ : Str) -> MForms-
irregindsub5(_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> MForms-
prepV2V -> Preposition -> V2-
prepV3V -> Preposition -> Preposition -> V3-
accPrepPreposition-
mkV2V -> V2-
mkV2V -> Preposition -> V2-
mkV3V -> V3-
mkV3V -> Prep -> V3-
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3-
vowelpattern Str-
consonantpattern Str-
regPNStr -> Gender -> PN-
mkAdvStr -> Adv-
mkAdAStr -> AdA-
mkAdNCAdv -> AdN-
mkAdVStr -> AdV-
mkPrepStr -> Case -> Prep-
mkConjStr -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Number -> Conj =\y,n -> mk2Conj [] y n-
mkConjStr -> Str -> Conj =\x,y -> mk2Conj x y plural-
mkConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conj =\x,y,n -> mk2Conj x y n-
mk2ConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conj-
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Paradigms for Italian

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- -

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-source ../src/italian/ParadigmsIta.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
GenderType-
masculineGender-
feminineGender-
NumberType-
singularNumber-
pluralNumber-
--PrepType-
accusativePrepdirect object
genitivePreppreposition "di" and its contractions
dativePreppreposition "a" and its contractions
di_PrepPrep-
a_PrepPrep-
con_PrepPreppreposition "con" and its contractions
da_PrepPreppreposition "da" and its contractions
in_PrepPreppreposition "in" and its contractions
su_PrepPreppreposition "su" and its contractions
mkPrepStr -> Prepsimple preposition (other than a, di, con, da, in, su)
mkPrepStr -> Prep -> Prepcomplex preposition e.g. "vicino a"
mkN(cane : Str) -> Nregular noun; fem for -"a", masc otherwise
mkN(carne : Str) -> Gender -> Noverride default gender
mkN(uomo,uomini : Str) -> Gender -> Nworst case
mkNN -> Str -> Ncompound such as "numero" + "di telefono"
mkN2Str -> N2regular with genitive, e.g. "figlio" + "di"
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2arbitrary noun and preposition
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3e.g. volo + da + per
mkPNStr -> PNfemininne for "-a", otherwise masculine
mkPNStr -> Gender -> PNset gender manually
mkPNN -> PNget gender from noun
mkA(bianco : Str) -> Apredictable adjective
mkA(solo,sola,soli,sole,solamente : Str) -> Airregular adjective
mkAA -> A -> Aspecial comparison, e.g. buono - migliore
prefixAA -> Aadjective that comes before noun (default: after)
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2e.g. divisibile + per
mkAdvStr -> Adv-
mkAdVStr -> AdV-
mkAdAStr -> AdA-
mkVStr -> Vregular verbs in "-are"/"-ire"
mkVVerbo -> Vverbs formed by BeschIta
mkV(udire,odo,ode,udiamo,udiro,udii,udisti,udi,udirono,odi,udito : Str) -> Vworst case
mkVV -> Str -> Vparticle verb
essereVV -> Vforce "essere" as auxiliary (default avere)
reflVV -> Vreflexive verb (implies essere)
mkV2Str -> V2regular verb, direct object
mkV2V -> V2direct object
mkV2V -> Prep -> V2prepositional object
mkV3V -> V3donner (+ accusative + dative)
mkV3V -> Prep -> V3placer (+ accusative) + dans
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3parler + dative + genitive
dirV3V -> Prep -> V3dare,_,a
dirdirV3V -> V3dare,_,_
mkVSV -> VS-
mkVVV -> VVplain infinitive: "voglio parlare"
deVVV -> VV"cerco di parlare"
aVVV -> VV"arrivo a parlare"
mkVAV -> VA-
mkVQV -> VQ-
mkV2QV -> Prep -> V2Q-
mkV2SV -> V2S-
mkV2SV -> Prep -> V2S-
mkV2VV -> V2V-
mkV2VV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V-
mkV2AV -> V2A-
mkV2AV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A-
mkPredetStr -> Predet-
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Paradigms for Japanese

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-

-source ../src/japanese/ParadigmsJpn.gf -

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FunctionTypeExplanation
mkN(man : Str) -> N ---- AR 15/11/2014-
mkN(man : Str) -> (anim : Animateness) -> N-
mkN(kane,okane : Str) -> (anim : Animateness) -> N-
mkN(man : Str) -> (anim : Animateness) -> (counter : Str) -> (counterReplace : Bool) -> N-
mkN(man : Str) -> (anim : Animateness) -> (counter : Str) -> (counterReplace : Bool) ->-
(menStr) -> N-
mkN(kane,okane : Str) -> (anim : Animateness) -> (counter : Str) ->-
(counterReplaceBool) -> N-
mkN(tsuma,okusan : Str) -> (anim : Animateness) -> (counter : Str) ->-
(counterReplaceBool) -> (tsumatachi : Str) -> N-
mkN2(man : Str) -> (anim : Animateness) -> (counter : Str) -> (counterReplace : Bool) ->-
(menStr) -> (prep : Str) -> N2-
mkN3(distance : Str) -> (prep1: Str) -> (prep2: Str) -> (anim : Animateness) -> N3-
mkPN(paris : Str) -> PN-
mkPN(jon,jonsan : Str) -> PN-
mkPron(kare : Str) -> (Pron1Sg : Bool) -> (anim : Animateness) -> Pron-
mkPron(boku,watashi : Str) -> (Pron1Sg : Bool) -> (anim : Animateness) -> Pron-
mkA(ookina : Str) -> A-
mkA(kekkonshiteiru,kikonno : Str) -> A-
mkA2(yasui : Str) -> (prep : Str) -> A2-
mkA2(pred : Str) -> (attr : Str) -> (prep : Str) -> A2-
mkV(yomu : Str) -> V-
mkV(yomu : Str) -> (group : ResJpn.VerbGroup) -> V-
mkV2(yomu : Str) -> V2 ---- AR 15/11/2014-
mkV2(yomu, prep : Str) -> (group : ResJpn.VerbGroup) -> V2-
mkV3(yomu : Str) -> V3-
mkV3(uru, p1, p2 : Str) -> (group : ResJpn.VerbGroup) -> V3-
mkVS(yomu : Str) -> VS-
mkVV(yomu : Str) -> VV-
mkV2V(yomu : Str) -> V2V-
mkV2S(yomu : Str) -> V2S-
mkVQ(yomu : Str) -> VQ-
mkVA(yomu : Str) -> VA-
mkV2A(yomu : Str) -> V2A-
mkAdvStr -> Adv ---- AR 15/11/2014-
mkPrepStr -> Prep ---- AR 15/11/2014-
mkDetStr -> Det-
mkConjStr -> Conj-
mkInterjStr -> Interj-
mkgoVVVV-
- - -

Paradigms for Latvian

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-

-source ../src/latvian/ParadigmsLav.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
masculineGender-
feminineGender-
singularNumber-
pluralNumber-
nominativeCase-
genitiveCase-
dativeCase-
accusativeCase-
locativeCase-
second_conjugationConjugation-
third_conjugationConjugation-
active_voiceVoice-
passive_voiceVoice-
mkN(lemma : Str) -> N-
mkN(lemma : Str) -> Bool -> N-
mkN(lemma : Str) -> Gender -> N-
mkN(lemma : Str) -> Declension -> N-
mkN(lemma : Str) -> Gender -> Bool -> N-
mkN(lemma : Str) -> Declension -> Bool -> N-
mkN(lemma : Str) -> Gender -> Declension -> N-
mkN(lemma : Str) -> Gender -> Declension -> Bool -> N-
mkN(lemma : Str) -> PN-
mkN(lemma : Str) -> Number -> PN-
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2-
mkN2N -> Prep -> Bool -> N2-
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3-
mkA(lemma : Str) -> A-
mkA(lemma : Str) -> AType -> A-
mkA(v : V) -> Voice -> A-
mkASA -> AS-
mkAVA -> AV-
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2-
mkA2SA -> Prep -> A2S-
mkA2VA -> Prep -> A2V-
mkVStr -> V-
mkVStr -> Case -> V-
mkVStr -> Conjugation -> V-
mkVStr -> Conjugation -> Case -> V-
mkVStr -> Str -> Str -> V-
mkVStr -> Str -> Str -> Case -> V-
--mkV2V -> V2-
--mkV2V -> Prep -> V2-
mkV2V -> V2-
mkV2V -> Prep -> V2-
mkVSV -> Subj -> VS-
mkVSV -> Subj -> Case -> VS-
mkVQV -> VQ-
mkVQV -> Case -> VQ-
mkVVV -> VV-
mkVVV -> Case -> VV-
mkV3V -> V3-
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3-
mkVAV -> VA-
mkV2AV -> Prep -> V2A-
mkV2QV -> Prep -> V2Q-
mkV2VV -> Prep -> V2V-
mkV2SV -> Subj -> Prep -> V2S-
mkPrepStr -> Case -> Case -> Prep-
mkPrepCase -> Prep-
nom_PrepPrep-
gen_PrepPrep-
dat_PrepPrep-
acc_PrepPrep-
loc_PrepPrep-
mkAdvStr -> Adv-
mkAdVStr -> AdV-
mkAdAStr -> AdA-
mkAdNStr -> AdN-
mkCAdvStr -> Str -> Degree -> CAdv-
mkConjStr -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Number -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Str -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conj-
mk2ConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conj-
mkNumRegStr -> Str -> Number -> { s : DForm => CardOrd => Gender => Case => Str }-
mkNumSpecStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Number -> { s : DForm => CardOrd => Gender => Case => Str }-
simtsCardOrd => Gender => Number => Case => Str-
tuukstotisCardOrd => Gender => Number => Case => Str-
- - -

Paradigms for Maltese

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-source ../src/maltese/ParadigmsMlt.gf -

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FunctionTypeExplanation
masculineGender-
feminineGender-
singularNumber-
pluralNumber-
form1VDerivedFormBinyan I: daħal
form2VDerivedFormBinyan II: daħħal
form3VDerivedFormBinyan III: wieġeb
form4VDerivedFormBinyan IV: wera
form5VDerivedFormBinyan V: ddaħħal
form6VDerivedFormBinyan VI: twieġeb
form7VDerivedFormBinyan VII: ndaħal
form8VDerivedFormBinyan VIII: ftakar
form9VDerivedFormBinyan IX: sfar
form10VDerivedFormBinyan X: stieden
strongVClassStrong tri. verb: kiteb (k-t-b)
liquidMedialVClassStrong liquid-medial tri. verb: ħareġ (ħ-r-ġ)
geminatedVClassStrong geminated tri. verb: ħabb (ħ-b-b)
assimilativeVClassWeak-initial tri. verb: wieġeb (w-ġ-b)
hollowVClassWeak-medial tri. verb: ried (r-j-d)
lackingVClassWeak-final tri. verb: mexa (m-x-j)
defectiveVClassGĦ-final tri. verb: qata' (q-t-għ)
quadVClassStrong quad. verb: ħarbat (ħ-r-b-t)
quadWeakVClassWeak-final quad. verb: kanta (k-n-t-j)
irregularVClassIrregular verb: af ('-'-f)
loanVClassLoan verb: ipparkja (no root)
mkNStr -> NNoun paradigm 1: Take the singular and infer plural
mkNStr -> Gender -> NNoun paradigm 1: Explicit gender
mkNStr -> Str -> NNoun paradigm 1: Take the singular and explicit plural
mkNStr -> Str -> Gender -> NNoun paradigm 1: Explicit gender
mkNStr -> Str -> Str -> NNoun paradigm 1x: Take singular and both plurals
mkNStr -> Str -> Str -> Gender -> NNoun paradigm 1x: Explicit gender
mkNCollStr -> NNoun paradigm 2c: Collective form only
mkNCollStr -> Str -> NNoun paradigm 2b: Collective and plural
mkNCollStr -> Str -> Str -> NNoun paradigm 2: Singular, collective and plural
mkNCollStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> NNoun paradigm 2x: Singular, collective and both plurals
mkNNoPluralStr -> NNoun paradigm 3: No plural
mkNNoPluralStr -> Gender -> NNoun paradigm 3: Explicit gender
mkNDualStr -> NNoun paradigm 4: Infer dual, plural and gender from singular
mkNDualStr -> Str -> Str -> NNoun paradigm 4: Singular, dual, plural
mkNDualStr -> Str -> Str -> Gender -> NNoun paradigm 4: Explicit gender
mkNDualStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> NNoun paradigm 4x: Singular, dual, both plurals
mkNDualStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Gender -> NNoun paradigm 4x: Explicit gender
mkPNStr -> Gender -> Number -> ProperNounProper noun
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2-
mkN2N -> Str -> N2-
mkN2N -> N2use "ta'"
mkN3Noun -> Prep -> Prep -> N3-
possNN -> NMark a noun as taking possessive enclitic pronouns: missieri, missierek...
mkRootRootNull root
mkRootStr -> RootFrom hyphenated string: "k-t-b"
mkRootStr -> Str -> Str -> RootTri-consonantal root
mkRootStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> RootQuadri-consonantal root
mkVowelsVowelsNull vowel sequence
mkVowelsStr -> VowelsOnly single vowel
mkVowelsStr -> Str -> VowelsTwo-vowel sequence
mkVStr -> VWith no root, automatically treat as loan verb
mkVStr -> Root -> VTake an explicit root, implying it is a root & pattern verb
mkVStr -> Str -> Root -> VTakes an Imperative of the word for when it behaves less predictably
mkVVClass -> VDerivedForm -> Root -> Vowels -> (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> VAll forms: mkV (Strong Regular) (FormI) (mkRoot "k-t-b") (mkVowels "i" "e") "ktibt" "ktibt" "kiteb" "kitbet" "ktibna" "ktibtu" "kitbu" "nikteb" "tikteb" "jikteb" "tikteb" "niktbu" "tiktbu" "jiktbu" "ikteb" "iktbu"
mkV_IIStr -> Root -> VForm II verb: mkV_II "waqqaf" (mkRoot "w-q-f")
mkV_IIStr -> Str -> Root -> VForm II verb with explicit imperative form: mkV_II "waqqaf" "waqqaf" (mkRoot "w-q-f")
mkV_IIIStr -> Root -> VForm III verb: mkV_III "qiegħed" (mkRoot "q-għ-d")
mkV_VStr -> Root -> VForm V verb: mkV_V "twaqqaf" (mkRoot "w-q-f")
mkV_VIStr -> Root -> VForm VI verb: mkV_VI "tqiegħed" (mkRoot "q-għ-d")
mkV_VIIStr -> Str -> Root -> VForm VII verb: mkV_VII "xeħet" "nxteħet" (mkRoot "x-ħ-t")
mkV_VIIIStr -> Root -> VForm VIII verb: mkV_VIII "xteħet" (mkRoot "x-ħ-t")
mkV_IXStr -> Root -> VForm IX verb: mkV_IX "sfar" (mkRoot "s-f-r")
mkV_XStr -> Root -> VForm X verb: mkV_X "stagħġeb" (mkRoot "għ-ġ-b")
presPartVStr -> V -> VAdd the present participle to a verb: ħiereġ
presPartVStr -> Str -> Str -> V -> VAdd the present participle to a verb: ħiereġ, ħierġa, ħierġin
pastPartVStr -> V -> VAdd the past participle to a verb: miktub
pastPartVStr -> Str -> Str -> V -> VAdd the past participle to a verb: miktub, miktuba, miktubin
mkVSV -> VSsentence-compl
mkV3V -> V3ditransitive: give,_,_
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3two prepositions: speak, with, about
mkV3V -> Prep -> V3one preposition: give,_,to
mkV2VV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2Vwant (noPrep NP) (to VP)
mkConjStr -> ConjConjunction: wieħed tnejn u tlieta
mkConjStr -> Str -> ConjConjunction: wieħed , tnejn u tlieta
mkAStr -> ARegular adjective with predictable feminine and plural forms: bravu
mkAStr -> Str -> AInfer feminine from masculine; no comparative form: sabiħ, sbieħ
mkAStr -> Str -> Str -> AExplicit feminine form; no comparative form: sabiħ, sabiħa, sbieħ
mkAStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> AAll forms: sabiħ, sabiħa, sbieħ, isbaħ
sameAStr -> AAdjective with same forms for masculine, feminine and plural: blu
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2-
mkA2A -> Str -> A2-
mkASA -> AS-
mkAdvStr -> Advpost-verbal adverb: illum
mkAdVStr -> AdVpreverbal adverb: dejjem
mkAdAStr -> AdAadverb modifying adjective: pjuttost
mkAdNStr -> AdNadverb modifying numeral: madwar
- - -

Paradigms for Mongolian

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/mongolian/ParadigmsMon.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
mkN(_,_ : Str) -> Noun-
mk2N(adj : Str) -> Noun -> Noun-
mkLN(_,_ : Str) -> Noun-
regNStr -> Noun-
loanNStr -> Noun-
modDecl(Dcl -> Dcl) -> Str -> Noun-
modDeclL(Dcl -> Dcl) -> Str -> Noun-
mkN01aStr -> Noun-
mkN01bStr -> Noun-
mkN01cStr -> Noun-
mkN01dStr -> Noun-
mkN01eStr -> Noun-
mkN01fStr -> Noun-
mkN01gStr -> Noun-
mkN01hStr -> Noun-
mkLN01cStr -> Noun-
modDecl2(Dcl -> Dcl) -> Str -> Str -> Noun-
modDecl2L(Dcl -> Dcl) -> Str -> Str -> Noun-
reg2N(nomSg,nomPl : Str) -> Noun-
loan2N(nomSg,nomPl : Str) -> Noun-
mkN02a(nomSg,nomPl : Str) -> Noun-
mkN02b(nomSg,nomPl : Str) -> Noun-
mkN02cStr -> Str -> Noun-
mkN02d(nomSg,nomPl : Str) -> Noun-
mkN02e(nomSg,nomPl : Str) -> Noun-
mkNPStr -> Def -> NP-
regVStr -> Verb-
verbToAuxVerb -> Aux-
auxToVerbAux -> Verb-
mkVStr -> Verb-
auxBeAux-
- - -

Paradigms for Nepali

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/nepali/ParadigmsNep.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
masculineGender-
feminineGender-
singularNumber-
pluralNumber-
humanNType-
professionNType-
livingNType-
regNStr -> N-
regNStr -> NPerson -> N-
regNStr -> NType -> N-
regNStr -> NType -> NPerson -> N-
mkNFStr -> N-
mkNFStr -> NPerson -> N-
mkNFStr -> NType -> N-
mkNFStr -> NType -> NPerson -> N-
mkNUCStr -> N-
mkNUCStr -> Gender -> N-
mkNUCStr -> Gender -> NType -> N-
mkNUCStr -> Gender -> NType -> NPerson -> N-
--mkNUCStr -> NType -> Gender -> N-
mkN2N -> Prep -> Str -> N2-
mkN2N -> Prep -> Str -> NType -> N2-
mkN2N -> Prep -> Str -> NType -> NPerson -> N2-
mkN2N -> Prep -> Str -> N2;-
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> Str-> N3-
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> Str-> NType -> N3-
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> Str-> N3-
mkCmpdNounStr -> N -> N-
mkPNStr -> PN-
mkPNStr -> Gender -> NPerson -> PN-
mkPNStr -> Gender -> NType -> NPerson -> PN-
mkPronStr -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> NPerson -> Pron-
mkPron(x1,_,_,_,_,_,x7 : Str) -> Number -> Gender -> NPerson -> Pron-
demoPNStr -> Str -> Str -> Quant-
mkDet(s1,s2:Str) -> Number -> Det-
mkDet(s1,s2,s3,s4:Str) -> Number -> Det-
mkIDetn(s1,s2:Str) -> Number -> IDet-
mkIP(x1,x2,x3,x4:Str) -> Number -> IP-
mkAStr-> A-
mkAStr -> Str -> A2-
mkVStr -> V-
mkV2Str -> V2-
mkV2V -> V2-
mkV2V -> Str -> V2-
mkV3V -> Str -> Str -> V3-
mkV2VV -> Str -> Str -> Bool -> V2V-
compoundVStr -> V -> V-
compoundVStr -> V2 -> V-
mkAdvStr -> Adve.g. today
mkAdVStr -> AdVe.g. always
mkAdAStr -> AdAe.g. quite
mkAdNStr -> AdNe.g. approximately
mkPrepStr -> Prep-
noPrepPrep-
--mkQuantPron -> Quant-
mkQuant(s1,s2,s3,s4:Str) -> Quant-
mkQuant(s1,s2:Str) -> Quant-
mkConjStr -> Conjand (plural agreement)
mkConjStr -> Number -> Conjor (agrement number given as argument)
mkConjStr -> Str -> Conjboth ... and (plural)
mkConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conjeither ... or (agrement number given as argument)
mkConjStr -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Number -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Str -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conj-
mk2ConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conj-
- - -

Paradigms for Norwegian

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/norwegian/ParadigmsNor.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
GenderType-
masculineGenderthe "en" gender
feminineGenderthe "ei" gender
neutrumGenderthe "et" gender
NumberType-
singularNumber-
pluralNumber-
mkPrepStr -> Prepe.g. "etter"
noPrepPrepempty string
mkNStr -> Npredictable noun, feminine for "-e" otherwise masculine
mkNStr -> Gender -> Nforce gender
mkN(dreng,drengen,drenger,drengene : Str) -> Nworst case
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2e.g. datter + til
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3e.g forbindelse + fra + til
mkPNStr -> PNmasculine
mkPNStr -> Gender -> PNforce gender
mkA(fin : Str) -> Apredictable adjective
mkA(fin,fint : Str) -> Adeviant neuter
mkA(galen,galet,galne : Str) -> Aalso plural deviant
mkA(stor,stort,store,storre,storst : Str) -> Aworst case
mkAA -> Acomparison with mer/mest, e.g. "norsk"
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2e.g. gift + med
mkAdvStr -> Adve.g. her
mkAdVStr -> AdVe.g. altid
mkAdAStr -> AdAe.g. mye
mkV(snakke : Str) -> Vregular verb (first conjugation)
mkV(leve,levde : Str) -> Vother past tense
mkV(drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -> Vtheme of irregular verb
mkV(spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis : Str) -> Vworst case
mkVV -> Str -> Vverb with particle, e.g. lukke + opp
vaereVV -> Vforce "være" as auxiliary (default "have")
depVV -> Vdeponent, e.g "trives"
reflVV -> Vreflexive, e.g. "forestille seg"
mkV2Str -> V2regular, direct object
mkV2V -> V2direct object
mkV2V -> Prep -> V2preposition for complement
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3snakke, med, om
dirV3V -> Prep -> V3gi,_,til
dirdirV3V -> V3gi,_,_
mkVSV -> VS-
mkV2SV -> Prep -> V2S-
mkVVV -> VV-
mkV2VV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V-
mkVAV -> VA-
mkV2AV -> Prep -> V2A-
mkVQV -> VQ-
mkV2QV -> Prep -> V2Q-
- - -

Paradigms for Nynorsk

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/nynorsk/ParadigmsNno.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
GenderType-
masculineGenderthe "ein" gender
feminineGenderthe "ei" gender
neutrumGenderthe "eit" gender
NumberType-
singularNumber-
pluralNumber-
mkPrepStr -> Prepe.g. "etter"
noPrepPrepempty string
mkNStr -> Npredictable noun, feminine for "-e" otherwise masculine
mkNStr -> Gender -> Nforce gender
mkN(dreng,drengen,drenger,drengene : Str) -> Nworst case
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2e.g. datter + til
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3e.g forbindelse + fra + til
mkPNStr -> PNmasculine
mkPNStr -> Gender -> PNforce gender
mkA(fin : Str) -> Apredictable adjective
mkA(fin,fint : Str) -> Adeviant neuter
mkA(galen,galet,galne : Str) -> Aalso plural deviant
mkA(stor,stort,store,storre,storst : Str) -> Aworst case
mkAA -> Acomparison with mer/mest, e.g. "norsk"
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2e.g. gift + med
mkAdvStr -> Adve.g. her
mkAdVStr -> AdVe.g. altid
mkAdAStr -> AdAe.g. mye
mkV(snakke : Str) -> Vregular verb (first conjugation)
mkV(leve,levde : Str) -> Vother past tense
mkV(drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -> Vtheme of irregular verb
mkV(spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis : Str) -> Vworst case
mkVV -> Str -> Vverb with particle, e.g. lukke + opp
vaereVV -> Vforce "være" as auxiliary (default "have")
depVV -> Vdeponent, e.g "trives"
reflVV -> Vreflexive, e.g. "forestille seg"
mkV2Str -> V2regular, direct object
mkV2V -> V2direct object
mkV2V -> Prep -> V2preposition for complement
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3snakke, med, om
dirV3V -> Prep -> V3gi,_,til
dirdirV3V -> V3gi,_,_
mkVSV -> VS-
mkV2SV -> Prep -> V2S-
mkVVV -> VV-
mkV2VV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V-
mkVAV -> VA-
mkV2AV -> Prep -> V2A-
mkVQV -> VQ-
mkV2QV -> Prep -> V2Q-
- - -

Paradigms for Polish

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/polish/ParadigmsPol.gf -

- - -

Paradigms for Punjabi

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/punjabi/ParadigmsPnb.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
masculineGender-
feminineGender-
singularNumber;-
pluralNumber;-
mkN2N -> Prep -> Str -> N2;-
mkN3N -> Prep -> Str -> Str-> N3-
mkCmpdNounStr -> N -> N-
mkPNStr -> PN-
mkPNStr -> Gender -> PN-
personalPNStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> PPerson -> Pron-
demoPNStr -> Str -> Str -> Quant-
mkDetStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Number -> Det-
mkIP(x1,x2,x3,x4:Str) -> Number -> Gender -> IP-
mkAdNStr -> AdN-
mkAStr-> A-
mkAStr -> Str -> A2-
mkVStr -> V-
mkV2Str -> V2-
mkV2V -> V2-
mkV2V -> Str -> V2-
mkV3V -> Str -> Str -> V3;-
mkV2VV -> Str -> Str -> Bool -> V2V-
compoundVStr -> V -> V-
compoundVStr -> V2 -> V-
mkAdvStr -> Adv-
mkPrepStr -> Prep-
mkQuant1Pron -> Quant-
mkIQuantStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> IQuant-
mkQuant1Pron -> Quant-
mkConjStr -> Conjand (plural agreement)
mkConjStr -> Number -> Conjor (agrement number given as argument)
mkConjStr -> Str -> Conjboth ... and (plural)
mkConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conjeither ... or (agrement number given as argument)
mkConjStr -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Number -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Str -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conj-
mk2ConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conj-
mkVVV -> VV-
- - -

Paradigms for Romanian

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/romanian/ParadigmsRon.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
NGenderType-
masculineNGender-
feminineNGender-
neuterNGender-
GenderType-
MasculineGender-
FeminineGender-
AnimType-
animateAnim-
inanimateAnim;-
NumberType-
singularNumber-
pluralNumber-
PrepositionType-
NCaseType-
AccNCase-
DatNCase-
GenNCase-
NomNCase-
mkPrepStr -> NCase-> Bool -> Prep-
mkPrepStr -> NCase -> Prep;-
noPrepNCase -> Prep-
mkNStr -> NSingular, infers gender and Plural
mkNStr -> Str -> NGender -> Nworst case: Singular + Plural + gender
mkNStr -> Str -> Str -> Nvery irregular nouns - feminine
mkNStr -> Str -> NSingular + Plural, infers gender
mkNStr -> NGender -> NSingular + gender, infers Plural
mkNRStr -> N;-
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2-
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3-
mkPNStr -> PN-
mkPNStr -> Str -> Gender -> Number -> PN-
mkPNStr -> Gender -> PN-
mkPNStr -> Gender -> Number -> PN-
mkInAnPN -> PN-
mkPropNounStr -> Gender -> PN-
mkAStr -> Aregular adjectives
mkAStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> A --worst caseall 4 forms are needed + form for adverb
mkAStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> A4 forms are needed
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2-
mkVStr -> V-
mkV2SV -> Prep -> V2S-
mkV2VV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V-
mkVAV -> VA-
mkV2AV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A-
mkVQV -> VQ-
mkV2QV -> Prep -> V2Q-
- - -

Paradigms for Russian

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/russian/ParadigmsRus.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
GenderType-
masculineGender-
feminineGender-
neuterGender-
CaseType-
nominativeCase-
genitiveCase-
dativeCase-
accusativeCase-
instructiveCase-
prepositionalCase-
NumberType-
singularNumber-
pluralNumber-
mkN(karta : Str) -> N-
mkN(tigr : Str) -> Animacy -> N-
mkN(nomSg, genSg, datSg, accSg, instSg, preposSg, prepos2Sg, nomPl, genPl, datPl, accPl, instPl, preposPl : Str) -> Gender -> Animacy -> N-
mkN2N -> N2-
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2-
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3-
mkPNStr -> Gender -> Number -> Animacy -> PN"Иван", "Маша"
nounPNN -> PN-
mkA(positive : Str) -> A-
mkA(positive, comparative : Str) -> A-
mkA2A -> Str -> Case -> A2"делим на"
mkAdvStr -> Adv-
mkPrepStr -> Case -> Prepas in German
mkVAspect -> (presSg1,presSg2,presSg3,presPl1,presPl2,presPl3,pastSgMasc,imp,inf: Str) -> V-
mkV2V -> Str -> Case -> V2"войти в дом"; "в", accusative
mkV3V -> Str -> Str -> Case -> Case -> V3"сложить письмо в конверт"
mkVSV -> VS-
mkVQV -> VQ-
mkV2VV -> Str -> Case -> V2V-
mkV2SV -> Str -> Case -> V2S-
mkV2QV -> Str -> Case -> V2Q-
mkV2AV -> Str -> Case -> V2A-
dirV2V -> V2"видеть", "любить"
tvDirDirV -> V3-
- - -

Paradigms for Sindhi

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/sindhi/ParadigmsSnd.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
masculineGender-
feminineGender-
singularNumber;-
pluralNumber;-
mkN2N -> Prep -> Str -> N2;-
mkN3N -> Prep -> Str -> Str-> N3-
mkCmpdNounStr -> N -> N-
mkPNStr -> PN-
mkPNStr -> Gender -> PN-
personalPNStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> PPerson -> Pron-
demoPNStr -> Str -> Str -> Quant-
mkDetStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Number -> Det-
mkIP(x1,x2,x3,x4:Str) -> Number -> Gender -> IP-
mkAdNStr -> AdN-
mkAStr-> A-
mkAStr -> Str -> A2-
mkVStr -> V-
mkV2Str -> V2-
mkV2V -> V2-
mkV2V -> Str -> V2-
mkV3V -> Str -> Str -> V3;-
mkV2VV -> Str -> Str -> Bool -> V2V-
compoundVStr -> V -> V-
compoundVStr -> V2 -> V-
mkAdvStr -> Adv-
mkPrepStr -> Prep-
mkQuant1Pron -> Quant-
mkIQuantStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> IQuant-
mkQuant1Pron -> Quant-
mkConjStr -> Conjand (plural agreement)
mkConjStr -> Number -> Conjor (agrement number given as argument)
mkConjStr -> Str -> Conjboth ... and (plural)
mkConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conjeither ... or (agrement number given as argument)
mkConjStr -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Number -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Str -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conj-
mk2ConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conj-
mkVVV -> VV-
- - -

Paradigms for Spanish

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/spanish/ParadigmsSpa.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
GenderType-
masculineGender-
feminineGender-
NumberType-
singularNumber-
pluralNumber-
accusativePrepdirect object
genitivePreppreposition "de" and its contractions
dativePreppreposition "a" and its contractions
mkPrepStr -> Prepother preposition
mkPrepStr -> Prep -> Prepcompound prepositions, e.g. "antes de", made as mkPrep "antes" genitive
mkN(luz : Str) -> Npredictable; feminine for "-a"/"-z", otherwise masculine
mkNStr -> Gender -> Nforce gender
mkN(baston,bastones : Str) -> Gender -> Nworst case
compNN -> Str -> Ncompound, e.g. "número" + "de teléfono"
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2relational noun with preposition
deN2N -> N2relational noun with preposition "de"
aN2N -> N2relational noun with preposition "a"
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3prepositions for two complements
mkPN(Anna : Str) -> PNfeminine for "-a"
mkPN(Pilar : Str) -> Gender -> PNforce gender
mkPNN -> PNgender from noun
mkA(util : Str) -> Apredictable adjective
mkA(espanol,espanola : Str) -> A-
mkA(solo,sola,solos,solas,solamente : Str) -> Aworst-case
mkA(bueno : A) -> (mejor : A) -> Aspecial comparison (default with "mas")
prefixAA -> Aadjective before noun (default after noun)
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2e.g. "casado" + dative
mkAdvStr -> Adv-
mkAdVStr -> AdV-
mkAdAStr -> AdA-
mkAdNStr -> AdN-
mkV(pagar : Str) -> Vregular in "-ar", "-er", ".ir"
mkV(mostrar,muestro : Str) -> Vregular with vowel alternation
mkVVerbum -> Vimport verb constructed with BeschSpa
mkVV -> Str -> Vparticle verb
reflVV -> Vreflexive verb
special_ppVV -> Str -> Vdeviant past participle, e.g. abrir - abierto
mkV2Str -> V2regular, direct object
mkV2V -> V2direct object
mkV2V -> Prep -> V2other object
mkV3V -> V3donner (+ accusative + dative)
mkV3V -> Prep -> V3placer (+ accusative) + dans
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3parler + dative + genitive
dirV3V -> Prep -> V3e.g. dar,(accusative),a
dirdirV3V -> V3e.g. dar,(dative),(accusative)
mkVSV -> VS-
mkVVV -> VVplain infinitive: "quiero hablar"
deVVV -> VV"terminar de hablar"
aVVV -> VV"aprender a hablar"
mkVAV -> VA-
mkVQV -> VQ-
mkV2QV -> Prep -> V2Q-
mkV2SV -> V2S-
mkV2SV -> Prep -> V2S-
mkV2VV -> V2V-
mkV2VV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V-
mkV2AV -> V2A-
mkV2AV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A-
- - -

Paradigms for Swedish

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
GenderType-
utrumGenderthe "en" gender
neutrumGenderthe "ett" gender
NumberType-
singularNumber-
pluralNumber-
mkPrepStr -> Prepe.g. "till"
noPrepPrepempty string
mkN(apa : Str) -> Npredictable nouns: apa-apor, rike-riken, or bil-bilar
mkN(nyckel,nycklar : Str) -> Nsingular and plural suffice for most nouns
mkN(museum,museet,museer,museerna : Str) -> Nworst case for nouns
mkN(museum,museet,museer,museerna : Str) -> Gender -> Neven worse case for nouns
mkN(regering, makt : N) -> Nregeringsmakt, using the co form of regering
mkNStr -> N -> Növer + flöde
changeCompoundNStr -> N -> Nkyrko + kyrka_N
mkN2N -> N2e.g. summan - av
mkN2N -> Prep -> N2e.g. syster - till
mkN3N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3e.g. flyg - från - till
mkPNStr -> PNdefault gender utrum
mkPNStr -> Gender -> PNset other gender
mkPNN -> PNget inflection and gender from a noun
mkPN(jesus,jesu : Str) -> Gender -> PNirregular genitive
mkA(billig : Str) -> A-
mkA(bred,brett : Str) -> Apredictable adjective
mkA(tung,tyngre,tyngst : Str) -> Airregular comparison
mkA(god,gott,goda,battre,bast : Str) -> Avery irregular
mkA(liten,litet,lilla,sma,mindre,minst,minsta : Str) -> Aworst case
compoundAA -> Aforce comparison by mera - mest
invarAStr -> Ae.g. äkta
irregAdvA -> Str -> Aadverb irreg
mkA2A -> Prep -> A2e.g. delbar - med
mkAdvStr -> Advpostverbal, e.g. här
mkAdVStr -> AdVpreverbal, e.g. alltid
mkAdAStr -> AdAmodify adjective, e.g. tämligen
mkV(stämmer : Str) -> Vpredictable verb: use present indicative
mkV(slita, slet : Str) -> Vi/e/i, u/ö/u, u/a/u
mkV(dricka,drack,druckit : Str) -> Vthe theme of an irregular verb
mkV(gå,går,gå,gick,gått,gången : Str) -> Vworst case
mkVV -> Str -> Vparticle verb, e.g. passa - på
depVV -> Vdeponent verb, e.g. andas
reflVV -> Vreflexive verb, e.g. ångra sig
mkV2V -> V2direct transitive
mkV2V -> Prep -> V2preposition for complement
mkV3V -> V3direct ditransitive
mkV3V -> Prep -> V3preposition for last argument
mkV3V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3prepositions for both complements
mkVSV -> VS-
mkV2SV -> V2S-
mkV2SV -> Prep -> V2S-
mkVVV -> VV-
auxVVV -> VV-
mkV2VV -> V2V-
mkV2VV -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V-
mkVAV -> VA-
mkV2AV -> V2A-
mkV2AV -> Prep -> V2A-
mkVQV -> VQ-
mkV2QV -> V2Q-
mkV2QV -> Prep -> V2Q-
mkInterjStr -> Interj-
- - -

Paradigms for Thai

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/thai/ParadigmsTha.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
mkNStr -> N-
mkNStr -> Str -> N-
personNStr -> N-
fooddishNStr -> N-
vehicleNStr -> N-
houseNStr -> N-
animalNStr -> N-
placeNStr -> N-
verbalNStr -> N-
mkN2N -> Str -> N2-
mkN3N -> Str -> Str -> N3-
mkAStr -> A-
mkPNStr -> PN-
mkA2A -> Str -> A2-
mkVStr -> V-
mkVStr -> Str -> V-
mkV2Str -> V2-
mkV2V -> V2-
mkV2V -> Str -> V2-
mkV3Str -> V3-
mkV3V -> V3-
mkV3V -> Str -> Str -> V3-
mkVQV -> VQ-
mkVSV -> VS-
mkVAV -> VA-
mkV2QV -> Str -> V2Q-
mkV2VV -> Str -> Str -> V2V-
mkV2SV -> Str -> V2S-
mkV2AV -> Str -> Str -> V2A-
mkAdvStr -> Adv-
mkPrepStr -> Prep-
- - -

Paradigms for Urdu

- -

- -

-

-source ../src/urdu/ParadigmsUrd.gf -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExplanation
masculineGender-
feminineGender-
singularNumber;-
pluralNumber;-
mkNStr -> NRegular nouns like lRka, gender is judged from noun ending
mkNStr -> Gender -> Nnouns whose gender is irregular like Admy
mkN(x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> Gender -> Nworst case
mkN2N -> Prep -> Str -> N2;e.g maN ky
mkN3N -> Prep -> Str -> Str-> N3e.g faSlh - sE - ka
mkCmpdNounStr -> N -> Ne.g t-alb elm
mkPNStr -> PN-
personalPNStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> UPerson -> Pron-
demoPNStr -> Str -> Str -> Quant-
mkDetStr -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Number -> Det-
mkIP(x1,x2,x3:Str) -> Number -> Gender -> IP-
mkAdNStr -> AdN-
mkAStr-> Ae.g ach'a
mkAStr -> Str -> A2e.g sE Xady krna
mkA2A -> Str -> A2-
mkCompoundAStr -> Str -> Ae.g dra hwa
mkVStr -> Vregular verbs like swna
mkV2Str -> V2e.g pyna
mkV2V -> V2e.g pyna
mkV2V -> Str -> V2e.g bnd krna
dirV2V -> V2-
mkV3V -> Str -> Str -> V3;e.g bycna
mkV2VV -> Str -> Str -> Bool -> V2Ve.g eltja krna - sE - kw
dirdirV3V -> V3-
compoundVStr -> V -> Ve.g barX hwna
compoundVStr -> V2 -> Ve.g bnd krna
mkAdvStr -> Adve.g yhaN
mkAdvStr -> Str -> Adv-
mkPrepStr -> Str -> Prepe.g ka - ky
mkIQuantStr -> IQuant-
mkConjStr -> Conjand (plural agreement)
mkConjStr -> Number -> Conjor (agrement number given as argument)
mkConjStr -> Str -> Conjboth ... and (plural)
mkConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conjeither ... or (agrement number given as argument)
mkConjStr -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Number -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Str -> Conj-
mkConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conj-
mk2ConjStr -> Str -> Number -> Conj-
mkVSV -> VS;e.g drna
mkVVV -> VV-
mkAdAStr -> AdA-
mkVQV -> VQe.g janna
- - -

Additional Libraries

- - -

The Prelude module

- -

-The Prelude defines commonly used utility functions, in particular for -strings and booleans. -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
OperTypeExplanation
SSTypethe type {s : Str}
ssStr -> SSrecord from string
nonExistStrmissing form
optStrStr -> Stroptional string
bothWays(x,y : Str) -> Streither x ++ y or y ++ x
BoolPTypevalues True and False
andB(_,_ : Bool) -> Boolconjunction
orB(_,_ : Bool) -> Booldisjunction
notBBool -> Boolnegation
if_then_else(A:Type)->Bool->A->A->Aconditional
initStr -> Strdrop last character
lastStr -> Strreturn last character
glueStr -> Str -> Strglue tokens together
- - -

The Predefined module

- -

-These functions are hard-coded in GF. They are available without explicit opening, by the used of qualified names, e.g. Predef.tk. -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
operationtypeexplanation
PBoolPTypePTrue | PFalse
ErrorTypethe empty type
IntegerTypethe type of integers
IntsInteger -> Typeintegers from 0 to n
errorStr -> Errorforms error message
lengthStr -> Intlength of string
dropInteger -> Str -> Strdrop prefix of length
takeInteger -> Str -> Strtake prefix of length
tkInteger -> Str -> Strdrop suffix of length
dpInteger -> Str -> Strtake suffix of length
eqIntInteger -> Integer -> PBooltest if equal integers
lessIntInteger -> Integer -> PBooltest order of integers
plusInteger -> Integer -> Integeradd integers
eqStrStr -> Str -> PBooltest if equal strings
occurStr -> Str -> PBooltest if occurs as substring
occursStr -> Str -> PBooltest if any char occurs
show(P : Type) -> P -> Strconvert param to string
toStr(L : Type) -> L -> Strfind the "first" string
- - -

The Formal module

- -

-This module is used for defining formal languages, in particular ones that -use precedence levels and parentheses for grouping subexpressions. -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
OperTypeExplanation
PrecPTypeprecedence levels 0..4
TermPrecTypestring with precedence
mkPrecPrec -> Str -> TermPrecconstruct a TermPrec
topTermPrec -> Strtop term (lowest prec.)
constantStr -> TermPrecatomic (highest prec.)
infixlPrec->Str->(_,_:TermPrec)->TermPrecleft-assoc. infix
infixrPrec->Str->(_,_:TermPrec)->TermPrecright-assoc. infix
infixnPrec->Str->(_,_:TermPrec)->TermPrecnon-assoc. infix
usePrecPrec -> TermPrec -> Struse term on given level
- - -

The Symbolic module

- -

-This module is used for embedding symbolic notation in natural-language -text constructed by the resource grammar API. It works for all resource -languages. -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
symbStr -> NPx
symbInt -> NP23
symbFloat -> NP0.99
symbCN -> Numeral -> NPlevel four
symbDet -> N+ -> Numeral -> NPthe level four
symbDet -> CN -> [Symb] -> NPthe levels i, j and k
symbSymb -> SA (formula)
symbSymb -> Cardn (number)
mkSymbStr -> Symbx
- - -

The Combinators module

- -

-This module gives shortcuts for defining predicates (pred) and function -expressions (app). It works for all resource languages. -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FunctionTypeExample
predV -> NP -> Clx converges
predV2 -> NP -> NP -> Clx intersects y
predV -> NP -> NP -> Clx and y intersect
predA -> NP -> Clx is even
predA2 -> NP -> NP -> Clx is divisible by y
predA -> NP -> NP -> Clx and y are equal
predN -> NP -> Clx is a maximum
predN -> NP -> NP -> Clx and y are inverses
predAdv -> NP -> Clx is in scope
predPrep -> NP -> NP -> Clx is outside y
appN -> NPthe bottom
appN2 -> NP -> NPthe successor of x
appN3 -> NP -> NP -> NPthe distance from x to y
appN2 -> NP -> NP -> NPthe sum of x and y
appN2 -> N -> CNset of integers
appN2 -> NP -> CNdivisor of x
appN3 -> NP -> NP -> CNpath from x to y
appN2 -> NP -> NP -> CNpath between x and y
- - -

Browsing the libraries with GF commands

- -

-Note: You can browse using the syntax editor -directly on the web. -

-

-All of the following assume that -GF_LIB_PATH points to the directory GF/lib with compiled libraries. -

-

-To try out inflection paradigms: -

- -
-    > i -retain alltenses/ParadigmsGer.gfo
-    > cc mkN "Farbe"
-
- -

-To try out overloaded syntax, test lexicon, and inflection paradigms: -

- -
-    > i -retain alltenses/TryGer.gfo
-    > cc mkCl (mkNP this_Quant (mkN "Farbe")) (mkA "dunkel")
-
- - -

An Example of Usage

- -

-The standard way of building an application has the following modules. -

-

-An abstract syntax: -

- -
-    abstract Music = {    
-    cat 
-      Kind, 
-      Property ;
-    fun 
-      PropKind : Kind -> Property -> Kind ; 
-      Song : Kind ;
-      American : Property ;
-    }
-
- -

-A domain lexicon interface: -

- -
-    interface LexMusic = open Cat in {
-    oper
-      song_N : N ;
-      american_A : A ;
-    }
-
- -

-A functor on Syntax and the domain lexicon interface: -

- -
-    incomplete concrete MusicI of Music = open Syntax, MusicLex in {
-    lincat 
-      Kind = CN ;
-      Property = AP ;
-    lin
-      PropKind k p = mkCN p k ;
-      Song = mkCN song_N ;
-      American = mkAP american_A ;
-    }
-
- -

-For each language, an instance of the domain lexicon: -

- -
-    instance LexMusicGer of LexMusic = CatGer ** open ParadigmsGer in {    
-    oper
-      song_N = mkN "Lied" "Lieder" neuter ;
-      american_A = mkA "amerikanisch" ;
-    }
-
- -

-For each language, an instantiation of the functor: -

- -
-    --# -path=.:present:prelude
-  
-    concrete MusicGer of Music = MusicI with
-      (Syntax = SyntaxGer),
-      (LexMusic = LexMusicGer) ;
-
- - -

Table of Contents

- - - - -

- -

- - - - diff --git a/doc/synopsis/intro.txt b/doc/synopsis/intro.txt index 96da1f27d..1da91288d 100644 --- a/doc/synopsis/intro.txt +++ b/doc/synopsis/intro.txt @@ -1,8 +1,5 @@ -Versions: [3.9 ./synopsis-v3.9.html] | latest (this one) - - =Introduction= The GF Resource Grammar Library is the standard library for Grammatical Framework.