diff --git a/src/arabic/LexiconAra.gf b/src/arabic/LexiconAra.gf
index 1230c4e67..8d78804f7 100644
--- a/src/arabic/LexiconAra.gf
+++ b/src/arabic/LexiconAra.gf
@@ -310,6 +310,7 @@ flags
   night_N      = brkN "ليل" "فَعلة" "فَعالِي"    Fem NoHum;  --plural?
   nose_N       = brkN "؟نف" "فَعل" "فُعُول"      Masc NoHum;           
   person_N     = brkN "شخص" "فَعل" "أَفعال"     Masc Hum;             
+  question_N   = mkN "سؤال" ; ----IL
   rain_N       = brkN "مطر" "فَعَل" "أَفعال"    Masc NoHum;           
   road_N       = brkN "طرق" "فَعِيل" "فُعُل"     Fem NoHum;            
   root_N       = brkN "جذر" "فَعل" "فُعُول"      Masc NoHum ;          
diff --git a/src/arabic/ParadigmsAra.gf b/src/arabic/ParadigmsAra.gf
index 92a441b55..c8aaf7594 100644
--- a/src/arabic/ParadigmsAra.gf
+++ b/src/arabic/ParadigmsAra.gf
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ resource ParadigmsAra = open
 --Verb Form V : tafa``ala 
   
   v5 : Str -> V ;
-  
+
 --Verb Form VI : tafaa`ala 
   
   v6 : Str -> V ;
@@ -194,7 +194,11 @@ resource ParadigmsAra = open
 -- Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
 -- (transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the $V$.
 
-  mkV2  : V -> Preposition -> V2 ;
+  mkV2 = overload {
+    mkV2 : V -> V2 = dirV2 ;
+    mkV2 : V -> Preposition -> V2 = prepV2 ;
+    mkV2 : Str -> V2 = strV2;
+  } ;
 
   dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
 
@@ -497,8 +501,11 @@ resource ParadigmsAra = open
   mkAdA x = ss x ** {lock_AdA = <>} ;
   
   mkPreposition p = p ;
-  mkV2 v p = v ** {s = v.s ; c2 = p ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
-  dirV2 v = mkV2 v [] ;
+
+  prepV2 : V -> Preposition -> V2 = \v,p -> v ** {s = v.s ; c2 = p ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
+  strV2 : Str -> V2 = \str -> dirV2 (mkV str) ;
+
+  dirV2 v = prepV2 v [] ;
   
   mkV3 v p q = v ** {s = v.s ; c2 = p ; c3 = q ; lock_V3 = <>} ;
   dirV3 v p = mkV3 v [] p ;
diff --git a/src/arabic/PhraseAra.gf b/src/arabic/PhraseAra.gf
index 3ed1a2597..ddbd9f8b8 100644
--- a/src/arabic/PhraseAra.gf
+++ b/src/arabic/PhraseAra.gf
@@ -7,25 +7,20 @@ concrete PhraseAra of Phrase = CatAra ** open
   lin
     PhrUtt pconj utt voc = {s = pconj.s ++ utt.s ! Masc ++ voc.s} ;--FIXME
 
-    UttS s = {s = \\g => s.s} ; ---- OK? AR
-
-    UttIAdv s = {s = \\g => s.s} ; ---- OK? AR
-
     UttQS qs = {s = \\g => qs.s ! QDir} ;
     UttImpSg pol imp = {s = \\g => imp.s ! pol.p ! g ! ResAra.Sg ++ pol.s} ;
     UttImpPl,UttImpPol = \pol,imp -> {s = \\g => imp.s ! pol.p ! g ! ResAra.Pl ++ pol.s} ;
---
-    UttIP ip = {s = \\_ => ip.s} ; ---- AR
 
-     -- AP = { s : Species => Gender => Number => State => Case => Str } ;
+    UttIP ip = {s = \\_ => ip.s} ; ---- AR
     UttAP ap = {s = ResAra.uttAP ap} ; --IL
-    -- Card =  {s : Gender => State => Case => Str } ;
     UttCard c = {s = ResAra.uttNum c} ; --IL
 
---    UttIAdv iadv = iadv ;
+    UttCN cn = {s = \\_ => cn.s ! Sg ! Def ! Nom} ; --IL
     UttNP np = {s = \\_ => np.s ! Nom} ;
---    UttVP vp = {s = infVP False vp (agrP3 Sg)} ;
-    UttAdv adv = {s = \\_ => adv.s} ;
+    UttVP vp = {s = \\_ => linVP vp} ; --IL
+    UttS,
+    UttAdv,
+    UttIAdv = \s -> {s = \\_ => s.s} ; ---- OK? AR
 --
     NoPConj = {s = []} ;
 --    PConjConj conj = conj ;
diff --git a/src/arabic/VerbAra.gf b/src/arabic/VerbAra.gf
index 8716da2fb..e95e3eeab 100644
--- a/src/arabic/VerbAra.gf
+++ b/src/arabic/VerbAra.gf
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ concrete VerbAra of Verb = CatAra ** open Prelude, ResAra in {
   lin
     UseV = predV ;
 
-    SlashVV vv vps = vps ** predV vv ; ---- totally wrong /IL
+    SlashVV vv vps = vps ** predV vv ; ----IL
     SlashV2a v = predV v ** {c2 = v.c2};
     Slash3V3 v np = insertObj np (predV v) ** {c2 = v.c2};
 
@@ -37,8 +37,9 @@ concrete VerbAra of Verb = CatAra ** open Prelude, ResAra in {
 --
 --    PassV2 v = insertObj (\\_ => v.s ! VPPart) (predAux auxBe) ;
 --
-    --    UseVS, UseVQ = \vv -> {s = vv.s ; c2 = [] ; isRefl = vv.isRefl} ; -- no 
---
+--    UseVS, UseVQ = \vv -> {s = vv.s ; c2 = [] ; isRefl = vv.isRefl} ; -- no
+
+    CompCN cn = {s = \\agr,c => cn.s ! agr.n ! Indef ! c} ; ----IL
     CompAP ap = {s = \\agr,c => ap.s ! Hum ! agr.g ! agr.n ! Indef ! c} ; --FIXME
     CompNP np = {s = \\_,c => np.s ! c};
     CompAdv a = {s = \\_,_ => a.s} ;