Merge branch 'master' into new-website

Config.hs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ configFile = "languages.csv"
 -- | Information about a language
 data LangInfo = LangInfo
   { langCode :: String -- ^ 3-letter ISO 639-2/B code
+  , langName :: String -- ^ language name
   , langDir :: String -- ^ directory name
   , langFunctor :: Maybe String -- ^ functor (not used)
   , langUnlexer :: Maybe String -- ^ decoding for postprocessing linearizations
@@ -44,15 +45,16 @@ loadLangsFrom configFile = do
       then die $ "Invalid entry in " ++ configFile ++ ": " ++ s
       else return $ LangInfo
             { langCode = bits !! 0
-            , langDir = bits !! 1
+            , langName = bits !! 1
-            , langFunctor = maybeBit bits 2
+            , langDir = bits !! 2
-            , langUnlexer = maybeBit bits 3
+            , langFunctor = maybeBit bits 3
-            , langPresent = boolBit bits 4 False
+            , langUnlexer = maybeBit bits 4
-            , langAll = boolBit bits 5 True
+            , langPresent = boolBit bits 5 False
-            , langTry = boolBit bits 6 True
+            , langAll = boolBit bits 6 True
-            , langSymbolic = boolBit bits 7 True
+            , langTry = boolBit bits 7 True
-            , langCompatibility = boolBit bits 8 False
+            , langSymbolic = boolBit bits 8 True
-            , langSynopsis = boolBit bits 9 False
+            , langCompatibility = boolBit bits 9 False
+            , langSynopsis = boolBit bits 10 False
             }
 
 -- | Separate a string on a character

Make.sh

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
 set -e
 
 # Get languages from config
-langs=$(tail -n +2 languages.csv | awk -F ','  '{ if ($6 != "n") { print $1 } }')
+langs=$(tail -n +2 languages.csv | awk -F ','  '{ if ($7 != "n") { print $1 } }')
-langs_present=$(tail -n +2 languages.csv | awk -F ','  '{ if ($5 == "y") { print $1 } }')
+langs_present=$(tail -n +2 languages.csv | awk -F ','  '{ if ($6 == "y") { print $1 } }')
-langs_try=$(tail -n +2 languages.csv | awk -F ','  '{ if ($7 != "n") { print $1 } }')
+langs_try=$(tail -n +2 languages.csv | awk -F ','  '{ if ($8 != "n") { print $1 } }')
-langs_symbolic=$(tail -n +2 languages.csv | awk -F ','  '{ if ($8 != "n") { print $1 } }')
+langs_symbolic=$(tail -n +2 languages.csv | awk -F ','  '{ if ($9 != "n") { print $1 } }')
-langs_compat=$(tail -n +2 languages.csv | awk -F ','  '{ if ($9 == "y") { print $1 } }')
+langs_compat=$(tail -n +2 languages.csv | awk -F ','  '{ if ($10 == "y") { print $1 } }')
 
 # Modules to compile for each language
 modules_langs="All Symbol Compatibility"

README.md

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ This file should be kept up-to-date and all build methods should read this confi
 | Column        | Description                              | Default |
 |:--------------|:-----------------------------------------|:-------:|
 | Code          | e.g. `Eng`                               |    -    |
+| Name          | language name in English, e.g. `English` |    -    |
 | Directory     | folder name under `src`, e.g. `english`  |    -    |
 | Functor       | (not used)                               |    -    |
 | Unlexer       | (not used)                               |    -    |

languages.csv

@@ -1,45 +1,45 @@
-Code,Directory,Functor,Unlexer,Present,All,Try,Symbolic,Compatibility,Synopsis
+Code,Name,Directory,Functor,Unlexer,Present,All,Try,Symbolic,Compatibility,Synopsis
-Afr,afrikaans,,,,,,n,,y
+Afr,Afrikaans,afrikaans,,,,,,n,,y
-Amh,amharic,,,,,n,n,,n
+Amh,Amharic,amharic,,,,,n,n,,n
-Ara,arabic,,,,,,y,,y
+Ara,Arabic,arabic,,,,,,y,,y
-Bul,bulgarian,,,y,,,,,y
+Bul,Bulgarian,bulgarian,,,y,,,,,y
-Cat,catalan,Romance,,y,,,,y,y
+Cat,Catalan,catalan,Romance,,y,,,,y,y
-Chi,chinese,,,,,,,,y
+Chi,Chinese (simplified),chinese,,,,,,,,y
-Dan,danish,Scand,,y,,,,,y
+Dan,Danish,danish,Scand,,y,,,,,y
-Dut,dutch,,,y,,,,,y
+Dut,Dutch,dutch,,,y,,,,,y
-Eng,english,,,y,,,,y,y
+Eng,English,english,,,y,,,,y,y
-Est,estonian,,,,,,,,y
+Est,Estonian,estonian,,,,,,,,y
-Eus,basque,,,,,,,,y
+Eus,Basque,basque,,,,,,,,y
-Fin,finnish,,,y,,,,y,y
+Fin,Finnish,finnish,,,y,,,,y,y
-Fre,french,Romance,,y,,,,y,y
+Fre,French,french,Romance,,y,,,,y,y
-Ger,german,,,,,,,,y
+Ger,German,german,,,,,,,,y
-Grc,ancient_greek,,,y,,n,n,,n
+Grc,Ancient Greek,ancient_greek,,,y,,n,n,,n
-Gre,greek,,,,,,,,y
+Gre,Greek,greek,,,,,,,,y
-Heb,hebrew,,,,,n,n,,n
+Heb,Hebrew,hebrew,,,,,n,n,,n
-Hin,hindi,Hindustani,to_devanagari,y,,,,,y
+Hin,Hindi,hindi,Hindustani,to_devanagari,y,,,,,y
-Hun,hungarian,,,y,n,n,n,,n
+Hun,Hungarian,hungarian,,,y,n,n,n,,n
-Ice,icelandic,,,,,,n,,y
+Ice,Icelandic,icelandic,,,,,,n,,y
-Ina,interlingua,,,y,,n,n,,n
+Ina,Interlingua,interlingua,,,y,,n,n,,n
-Ita,italian,Romance,,y,,,,y,y
+Ita,Italian,italian,Romance,,y,,,,y,y
-Jpn,japanese,,,,,,,,y
+Jpn,Japanese,japanese,,,,,,,,y
-Lat,latin,,,y,,n,n,,n
+Lat,Latin,latin,,,y,,n,n,,n
-Lav,latvian,,,,,,,y,y
+Lav,Latvian,latvian,,,,,,,y,y
-Mlt,maltese,,,,,,,,y
+Mlt,Maltese,maltese,,,,,,,,y
-Mon,mongolian,,,,,,n,,y
+Mon,Mongolian,mongolian,,,,,,n,,y
-Nep,nepali,,,,,,n,,y
+Nep,Nepali,nepali,,,,,,n,,y
-Nno,nynorsk,,,y,,,,,y
+Nno,Norwegian (nynorsk),nynorsk,,,y,,,,,y
-Nor,norwegian,Scand,,y,,,,,y
+Nor,Norwegian (bokmål),norwegian,Scand,,y,,,,,y
-Pes,persian,,,,,,,,y
+Pes,Persian,persian,,,,,,,,y
-Pnb,punjabi,,,y,,,,,y
+Pnb,Punjabi,punjabi,,,y,,,,,y
-Pol,polish,,,,,,,,y
+Pol,Polish,polish,,,,,,,,y
-Por,portuguese,Romance,,y,,,,y,y
+Por,Portuguese,portuguese,Romance,,y,,,,y,y
-Ron,romanian,,,y,,,,,y
+Ron,Pomanian,romanian,,,y,,,,,y
-Rus,russian,,,y,,,,,y
+Rus,Russian,russian,,,y,,,,,y
-Snd,sindhi,,,,,,,,y
+Snd,Sindhi,sindhi,,,,,,,,y
-Spa,spanish,Romance,,y,,,,y,y
+Spa,Spanish,spanish,Romance,,y,,,,y,y
-Swa,swahili,,,,n,n,n,y,n
+Swa,Swahili,swahili,,,,n,n,n,y,n
-Swe,swedish,Scand,,y,,,,y,y
+Swe,Swedish,swedish,Scand,,y,,,,y,y
-Tel,telugu,,,y,n,n,n,,n
+Tel,Telugu,telugu,,,y,n,n,n,,n
-Tha,thai,,to_thai,,,,,,y
+Tha,Thai,thai,,to_thai,,,,,,y
-Tur,turkish,,,,,n,n,,n
+Tur,Turkish,turkish,,,,,n,n,,n
-Urd,urdu,Hindustani,,,,,,,y
+Urd,Urdu,urdu,Hindustani,,,,,,,y

src/arabic/CatAra.gf

@@ -93,5 +93,6 @@ concrete CatAra of Cat = CommonX - [Utt]  ** open ResAra, Prelude, ParamX in {
 linref
 
   CN = \cn -> uttCN cn ! Masc ;
+  N = \n -> uttCN (useN n) ! Masc ;
 
 }

src/arabic/ConstructionAra.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+concrete ConstructionAra of Construction = CatAra ** open 
+  ParadigmsAra,
+  SyntaxAra,
+  SymbolicAra,
+  StructuralAra,
+  (R=ResAra),
+  (L=LexiconAra) in {
+	
+lincat
+  Timeunit = N ;
+  Weekday = N ;
+  Monthday = NP ;
+  Month = N ;
+  Year = NP ;
+
+lin
+
+  timeunitAdv n time = 
+  let n_card : Card   = n ;
+      n_hours_NP : NP = mkNP n_card time ;
+  in  SyntaxAra.mkAdv during_Prep n_hours_NP | ParadigmsAra.mkAdv (n_hours_NP.s ! R.Nom) ;
+
+  -- random guesses
+  weekdayPunctualAdv w = SyntaxAra.mkAdv on_Prep (mkNP w) ;         -- on Sunday
+  weekdayHabitualAdv w = SyntaxAra.mkAdv on_Prep (mkNP w) ;         -- on Sundays
+  weekdayNextAdv w = SyntaxAra.mkAdv on_Prep (mkNP w) ;      -- next Sunday
+  weekdayLastAdv w = SyntaxAra.mkAdv on_Prep (mkNP w) ;     -- last Sunday
+
+  monthAdv m = SyntaxAra.mkAdv in_Prep (mkNP m) ;
+  yearAdv y = SyntaxAra.mkAdv in_Prep y ;
+
+  -- dummy
+  dayMonthAdv d m  = SyntaxAra.mkAdv on_Prep (mkNP d) ; -- on 17 May
+  monthYearAdv m y = SyntaxAra.mkAdv on_Prep (mkNP m) ; -- in May 2012
+  dayMonthYearAdv d m y = SyntaxAra.mkAdv on_Prep y ; -- on 17 May 2013
+
+  intYear = symb ;
+  intMonthday = symb ;
+
+--  n_units_AP
+
+  -- : NP -> NP -> Cl
+  have_name_Cl pe nm = 
+    let subjPron : Pron = case pe.a.isPron of {
+          True  => pe ;
+          False => case (R.pgn2gn pe.a.pgn).g of {
+                     R.Fem  => she_Pron ;
+                     R.Masc => he_Pron }
+        } ;
+
+        myName : NP = mkNP (mkDet subjPron) L.name_N ;
+     in mkCl myName nm ; --TODO: now it only works for pronouns, drops the NP
+
+--  what_name_QCl = 
+
+--  how_old_QCl
+
+--  hungry_VP =
+--  thirsty_VP =
+
+lincat Language = N ;
+
+lin InLanguage l = mkAdv in_Prep (mkNP l) ;
+
+lin
+  weekdayN w = w ;
+  monthN m = m ;
+
+  weekdayPN w = mkPN w ;
+  monthPN m = mkPN m ;
+
+  languageCN l = mkCN l ;
+  languageNP l = mkNP l ;
+
+
+oper mkLanguage : Str -> N = mkN ;
+
+----------------------------------------------
+---- lexicon of special names
+
+-- TODO in arabic
+lin second_Timeunit = mkN "second" ;
+lin minute_Timeunit = mkN "minute" ;
+lin hour_Timeunit = mkN "hour" ;
+lin day_Timeunit = mkN "day" ;
+lin week_Timeunit = mkN "week" ;
+lin month_Timeunit = mkN "month" ;
+lin year_Timeunit = mkN "year" ;
+
+lin monday_Weekday = mkN "Monday" ;
+lin tuesday_Weekday = mkN "Tuesday" ;
+lin wednesday_Weekday = mkN "Wednesday" ;
+lin thursday_Weekday = mkN "Thursday" ;
+lin friday_Weekday = mkN "Friday" ;
+lin saturday_Weekday = mkN "Saturday" ;
+lin sunday_Weekday = mkN "Sunday" ;
+
+lin january_Month = mkN "January" ; 
+lin february_Month = mkN "February" ; 
+lin march_Month = mkN "March" ; 
+lin april_Month = mkN "April" ;
+lin may_Month = mkN "May" ;
+lin june_Month = mkN "June" ;
+lin july_Month = mkN "July" ;
+lin august_Month = mkN "August" ;
+lin september_Month = mkN "September" ;
+lin october_Month = mkN "October" ;
+lin november_Month = mkN "November" ;
+lin december_Month = mkN "December" ;
+
+-- lin afrikaans_Language = mkLanguage "Afrikaans" ;
+-- lin amharic_Language = mkLanguage "Amharic" ;
+lin arabic_Language = mkLanguage "عَرَبِيَّة" ;
+-- lin bulgarian_Language = mkLanguage "Bulgarian" ;
+-- lin catalan_Language = mkLanguage "Catalan" ;
+-- lin chinese_Language = mkLanguage "Chinese" ;
+-- lin danish_Language = mkLanguage "Danish" ;
+-- lin dutch_Language = mkLanguage "Dutch" ;
+lin english_Language = mkLanguage "إنْجلِيزيْة" ;
+-- lin estonian_Language = mkLanguage "Estonian" ;
+lin finnish_Language = mkLanguage "فِنْلَنْدِيّة" ;
+-- lin french_Language = mkLanguage "French" ;
+-- lin german_Language = mkLanguage "German" ;
+-- lin greek_Language = mkLanguage "Greek" ;
+-- lin hebrew_Language = mkLanguage "Hebrew" ;
+-- lin hindi_Language = mkLanguage "Hindi" ;
+-- lin japanese_Language = mkLanguage "Japanese" ;
+-- lin italian_Language = mkLanguage "Italian" ;
+-- lin latin_Language = mkLanguage "Latin" ;
+-- lin latvian_Language = mkLanguage "Latvian" ;
+-- lin maltese_Language = mkLanguage "Maltese" ;
+-- lin nepali_Language = mkLanguage "Nepali" ;
+-- lin norwegian_Language = mkLanguage "Norwegian" ;
+lin persian_Language = mkLanguage "فَارِسيّة" ;
+-- lin polish_Language = mkLanguage "Polish" ;
+-- lin punjabi_Language = mkLanguage "Punjabi" ;
+-- lin romanian_Language = mkLanguage "Romanian" ;
+-- lin russian_Language = mkLanguage "Russian" ;
+-- lin sindhi_Language = mkLanguage "Sindhi" ;
+-- lin spanish_Language = mkLanguage "Spanish" ;
+-- lin swahili_Language = mkLanguage "Swahili" ;
+lin swedish_Language = mkLanguage "سُويدِيّة" ;
+-- lin thai_Language = mkLanguage "Thai" ;
+-- lin turkish_Language = mkLanguage "Turkish" ;
+-- lin urdu_Language = mkLanguage "Urdu" ;
+
+}

src/arabic/ExtendAra.gf

@@ -4,16 +4,36 @@ concrete ExtendAra of Extend =
   CatAra ** ExtendFunctor - [
     GenNP, SlashBareV2S, PredAPVP, GenModNP, ExistsNP,
     StrandRelSlash, ExistPluralCN, ExistMassCN, ExistCN, EmptyRelSlash, DetNPMasc, DetNPFem,
-    ComplBareVS, ComplDirectVS, ComplDirectVQ
+    ComplBareVS, ComplDirectVS, ComplDirectVQ,
+    ICompAP,
+    VPS, MkVPS
 ]
   with (Grammar=GrammarAra)
   ** open
 
     Prelude,
-    ResAra
+    ResAra,
+    ParamX
 
   in {
 
   lin
-    GenNP np = { s = \\_,_,_,_ => np.s ! Gen ; d = Const ; isNum, isPron = False } ;
+    GenNP np = {s = \\_,_,_,_ => np.s ! Gen ; d = Const ; isNum,isPron,is1sg = False} ;
-} ;
+
+    -- : AP -> IComp ;   -- "how old"
+    ICompAP ap = {s = \\gn => "كَمْ" ++ ap.s ! NoHum ! gn.g ! gn.n ! Indef ! Acc} ;
+
+  lincat
+
+    VPS = VP ;  -- finite VP's with tense and polarity
+
+  lin
+    -- : Temp -> Pol -> VP -> VPS ; -- hasn't slept
+    MkVPS t p vp = lin VPS (vp ** {
+      s = \\pgn,vf => case <t.t,t.a> of { --- IL guessed tenses
+             <(Pres|Fut),Simul> => vp.s ! pgn ! VPImpf Ind ;
+             <Cond,_    > => vp.s ! pgn ! VPImpf Cnj ;
+             <_   ,_    > => vp.s ! pgn ! VPPerf
+           }
+      }) ;
+}

src/arabic/MissingAra.gf

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ oper ReflA2 : A2 -> AP = notYet "ReflA2" ;
 oper ReflVP : VPSlash -> VP = notYet "ReflVP" ;
 oper SentAP : AP -> SC -> AP = notYet "SentAP" ;
 oper SentCN : CN -> SC -> CN = notYet "SentCN" ;
+oper SlashPrep : Cl -> Prep -> ClSlash = notYet "SlashPrep" ;
 oper Slash2V3 : V3 -> NP -> VPSlash = notYet "Slash2V3" ;
 oper SlashV2A : V2A -> AP -> VPSlash = notYet "SlashV2A" ;
 oper SlashV2Q : V2Q -> QS -> VPSlash = notYet "SlashV2Q" ;

src/arabic/NounAra.gf

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ lin
       cn.s ! number 
            ! nounState det.d number 
            ! nounCase c det.n det.d ;
-    adj : Case -> Str = \c ->
+    adj : NTable -> Case -> Str = \ntable,c ->
-      cn.adj ! number
+      ntable ! number
              ! (definite ! det.d) -- Indef remains Indef, rest become Def
              ! c
     } in {
@@ -22,30 +22,34 @@ lin
         case cnB4det det.isPron det.isNum det.n det.d of {
           False => determiner c 
                 ++ noun c 
-                ++ adj c
+                ++ adj cn.s2 c
+                ++ adj cn.adj c
                 ++ cn.np ! c ; 
           True => noun (cas c) -- deal with possessive suffix
                ++ determiner c
-               ++ adj c 
+               ++ adj cn.s2 c
+               ++ adj cn.adj c 
                ++ cn.np ! c
         };  
       a = { pgn = agrP3 cn.h cn.g number;
-            isPron = False }
+            isPron = False } ;
+      empty = []
     };
 
   UsePN pn = {
     s =  pn.s;
-    a = {pgn = (Per3 pn.g Sg); isPron = False }
+    a = {pgn = Per3 pn.g Sg ; isPron = False} ;
+    empty = []
     };
 
   UsePron p = p ;
 
-  PredetNP pred np = {
+  PredetNP pred np = np ** {
     s = \\c => case pred.isDecl of {
       True => pred.s!c ++ np.s ! Gen ; -- akvaru l-awlAdi
       False => pred.s!c ++ np.s ! c
-      };
+      } ;
-    a = np.a
+    a = np.a ** {isPron=False}
     } ;
 
 {-
@@ -167,26 +171,23 @@ lin
 
   MassNP cn = ---- AR
     {s = \\c => cn.s ! Sg ! Indef ! c ++ cn.np ! c ++ cn.adj ! Sg ! Indef ! c ; 
-     a = {pgn = Per3 cn.g Sg ; isPron = False}} ;
+     a = {pgn = Per3 cn.g Sg ; isPron = False} ;
+     empty = []} ;
 
 --  MassDet = {s = \\_,_,_,_ => [] ; d = Indef;
 --             isNum = False; isPron = False} ;
 
   UseN,
-  UseN2 = \n -> n ** {
+  UseN2 = useN ;
-    adj = \\_,_,_ => [];
-    np  = \\_     => []};
   Use2N3 n3 = n3 ;
   Use3N3 n3 = n3 ** {c2 = n3.c3} ;
 
-  ComplN2 n2 np = UseN n2 **  --- IL
+  ComplN2 n2 np = UseN n2 ** {np=np.s} ;
-    {s = \\n,s,c => n2.s ! n ! s ! c ++ n2.c2.s ++ np.s ! n2.c2.c} ;
-
 
   ComplN3 n3 np = ComplN2 n3 np ** {c2 = n3.c3} ;
 
   AdjCN ap cn = cn ** {
-    adj = \\n,d,c => ap.s ! cn.h ! cn.g ! n ! (definite ! d) ! c 
+    adj = \\n,d,c => cn.adj ! n ! d ! c ++ ap.s ! cn.h ! cn.g ! n ! (definite ! d) ! c 
     };
 
   RelCN cn rs = cn ** {s = \\n,s,c => cn.s ! n ! s ! c ++ rs.s ! {pgn=Per3 cn.g n ; isPron=False} ! c};

src/arabic/OrthoAra.gf

@@ -34,10 +34,16 @@ oper
       l@(""|"ال") + ("أ"|"أَ") + #hamza  + tail      => l + "آ" + tail;
       l@(""|"ال") + #hamza + v@("َ"|"ُ") + tail      => l + "أ" + v + tail;
       l@(""|"ال") + #hamza + v@("ِ")     + tail      => l + "إ" + v + tail;
-      head + v1@("ِ"|"ُ"|"َ"|"ْ"|"ا"|"ي"|"و") 
+      head + v1@(#vow|"ْ"|"ا"|"ي"|"و") 
            + #hamza + v2@(#vow|"ْ") + tail => 
-              case v2 of { "ْ" => head + v1 + tHmz v1      + tail ; -- unsure about this /IL
+              case v2 of { "ْ" => head + v1 + bHmz v1 v2      + tail ; -- unsure about this /IL
-                           _   => head + v1 + tHmz v1 + v2 + tail } ;
+                           _   => head + v1 + bHmz v1 v2 + v2 + tail } ;
+      head + v1@(#vow|"ْ"|"ا"|"ي"|"و") -- the same but it ends in vowel
+           + #hamza + v2@(#vow|"ْ") =>
+              case v2 of { "ْ" => head + v1 + tHmz v1 ;
+                           _   => head + v1 + tHmz v1 + v2 } ;
+      head + v1@(#vow|"ْ"|"ا"|"ي"|"و") -- the same but it ends without vowel
+           + #hamza => head + v1 + tHmz v1 ;
 
       head + #hamza + tail     => head + (bHmz (dp 2 head) (take 2 tail)) + tail; --last head , take 1 tail
       _                        => word

src/arabic/ParadigmsAra.gf

@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@ resource ParadigmsAra = open
    mkN : (sg,pl : Str) -> Gender -> Species -> N ;
    mkN : NTable -> Gender -> Species -> N ;  -- loan words, irregular
    mkN : (root,sgPatt,brokenPlPatt : Str) -> Gender -> Species -> N ; -- broken plural
-   mkN : N -> (attr : Str) -> N ; -- Compound nouns
+   mkN : N -> (attr : Str) -> N ; -- Compound noun with invariant attribute
+   mkN : N -> N -> N ; -- Compound noun where both parts inflect
 ---   mkN : (root,sgPatt : Str) -> Gender -> Species -> N                -- sound feminine plural
 ---    = sdfN ;
    } ;
@@ -97,6 +98,8 @@ resource ParadigmsAra = open
   mkPN = overload {
     mkPN : Str -> PN        -- Fem Hum if ends with ة, otherwise Masc Hum
      = smartPN ;
+    mkPN : N -> PN 
+     = \n -> lin PN (n ** {s = \\c => n.s ! Sg ! Const ! Bare}) ; -- no idea /IL
     mkPN : Str -> Gender -> Species -> PN
      = mkFullPN ;
     } ;
@@ -343,7 +346,12 @@ resource ParadigmsAra = open
    mkN : (root,sgPatt,brokenPlPatt : Str) -> Gender -> Species -> N   -- broken plural
      = brkN ;
    mkN : N -> (attr : Str) -> N                                       -- Compound nouns
-     = \n,attr -> n ** { s = \\num,s,c => n.s ! num ! s ! c ++ attr } ; --- IL (TODO: all kinds of compounds)
+     = \n,attr -> n ** {s2 = \\n,s,c => attr} ;
+   mkN : N -> N -> N                                                  -- Compound nouns
+     = \n1,n2 -> n1 ** {s2 =
+      \\n,s,c => n1.s2 ! n ! s ! c -- card
+              ++ n2.s  ! n ! s ! c -- type
+              ++ n2.s2 ! n ! s ! c} ; -- blood
    } ;
 
   mkV = overload {
@@ -374,15 +382,15 @@ resource ParadigmsAra = open
 
   v1' : Str ->  Vowel -> Vowel -> Verb =
     \rootStr,vPerf,vImpf ->
-    let { root = mkRoot3 rootStr } in 
+    let root = mkRoot3 rootStr
-    case <root.l, root.c> of {
+     in case rootStr of {
-      <"ّ",    _> => v1geminate rootStr vPerf vImpf ;
+          _          + "ّ"   => v1geminate rootStr vPerf vImpf ;
-      <"و"|"ي",_> => case vPerf of {
+          ? + #hamza + #weak => v1doubleweak root ;
+          ? + ?      + #weak => case vPerf of {
                                   i => v1defective_i root vImpf ;
                                   _ => v1defective_a root vImpf } ;
-      <_,"و"|"ي"> => v1hollow root vImpf ;
+          ? + #weak + ?      => v1hollow root vImpf ;
-      _           => v1sound root vPerf vImpf
+          _                  => v1sound root vPerf vImpf } ;
-    };
 
   v2 =
     \rootStr ->
@@ -464,6 +472,7 @@ resource ParadigmsAra = open
 
   mkFullN nsc gen spec =
     { s = nsc; --NTable
+      s2 = emptyNTable;
       g = gen;
       h = spec;
       lock_N = <>
@@ -476,14 +485,12 @@ resource ParadigmsAra = open
     } in mkFullN (reg kitAb kutub) gen spec;
 
   brkN root sg pl gen spec =
-    let { raw = brkN' root sg pl gen spec} in
+    let { raw = brkN' root sg pl gen spec} in raw **
     { s = \\n,d,c =>
         case root of {
           _ + #hamza + _ => rectifyHmz(raw.s ! n ! d ! c);
           _ => raw.s ! n ! d ! c
-        };
+        }
-      g = gen;
-      h = spec ; lock_N = <>
     };
 
   sdfN =
@@ -525,29 +532,31 @@ resource ParadigmsAra = open
       lin N3 (n ** {c2 = mkPreposition p ; c3 = mkPreposition q}) ;
   } ;
 
-  mkPron : (_,_,_ : Str) -> PerGenNum -> NP = \ana,nI,I,pgn ->
+  mkPron : (_,_,_ : Str) -> PerGenNum -> Pron = \ana,nI,I,pgn ->
-    { s =
+    lin Pron { s =
         table {
           Acc => BIND ++ nI; -- object suffix
           Gen => BIND ++ I;  -- possessive suffix
           _   => ana
         };
       a = {pgn = pgn; isPron = True };
-      lock_NP = <>
+      empty = []
     };
 
+  proDrop : NP -> NP = ResAra.proDrop ; -- Force a NP to lose its string, only contributing with its agreement.
+
   -- e.g. al-jamii3, 2a7ad
-  regNP : Str -> Number -> NP = \word,n ->
+  regNP : Str -> Number -> NP = \word,n -> lin NP
     { s = \\c => fixShd word (dec1sg ! Def ! c) ;
       a = {pgn = Per3 Masc n; isPron = False };
-      lock_NP = <>
+      empty = []
     };
 
   -- e.g. hadha, dhaalika
-  indeclNP : Str -> Number -> NP = \word,n ->
+  indeclNP : Str -> Number -> NP = \word,n -> lin NP
     { s = \\c => word ;
       a = {pgn = Per3 Masc n; isPron = False };
-      lock_NP = <>
+      empty = []
     };
 
   mkQuant7 : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> State -> Quant =

src/arabic/PhraseAra.gf

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ concrete PhraseAra of Phrase = CatAra ** open
     UttImpSg pol imp = {s = \\g => imp.s ! pol.p ! g ! ResAra.Sg ++ pol.s} ;
     UttImpPl,UttImpPol = \pol,imp -> {s = \\g => imp.s ! pol.p ! g ! ResAra.Pl ++ pol.s} ;
 
-    UttIP ip = {s = \\_g => ip.s ! False ! Def ! Nom} ; --IL
+    UttIP ip = {s = \\g => ip.s ! False ! g ! Def ! Nom} ; --IL
     UttAP ap = {s = ResAra.uttAP ap} ; --IL
     UttCard c = {s = ResAra.uttNum c} ; --IL
 

src/arabic/QuestionAra.gf

@@ -29,44 +29,47 @@ concrete QuestionAra of Question = CatAra ** open ResAra, ParamX, Prelude, VerbA
    -- : IComp -> NP -> QCl
    QuestIComp ic np =
      let vp = kaan (CompNP np) ;
-         ip : ResAra.IP = np ** {
+         ip : ResAra.IP = np ** { -- NP's s is already present in VP, we only want its agr
-            s = \\_,_,_ => ic.s ! pgn2gn np.a.pgn } ;
+            s = \\_,_,_,_ => ic.s ! pgn2gn np.a.pgn } ;
       in QuestVP ip vp ;
 
    -- : IP   -> IComp ;
    CompIP ip = ip ** { 
-      s = \\_ => ip.s ! True -- True=IP will be a subject of predicative sentence
+      s = \\gn => ip.s ! True  -- True=IP will be a subject of predicative sentence
+                       ! gn.g  -- IComp agrees in gender with eventual head
                        ! Def ! Nom ; -- IP will be a subject
       } ;
 
    CompIAdv iadv = { s = \\_ => iadv.s ; a = ResAra.Sg } ;
 
    --  QCl = {s : Tense => Polarity => QForm => Str} ;
-   QuestSlash ip cl = { ----IL just guessing
+   QuestSlash ip cls = { ----IL just guessing
       s = \\t,p,qf => 
-         let o = case qf of { QDir => Nominal ; _ => Verbal } ; -- purely guessing
+        let cl : ResAra.Cl = complClSlash cls ; -- dummy conversion to Cl
-          in cl.c2.s ++ ip.s ! False ! Def ! Nom ++ cl.s ! t ! p ! o
+            o = case qf of { QDir => Nominal ; _ => Verbal } ; -- purely guessing
+          in cls.c2.s ++ ip.s ! False ! Masc ! Def ! Nom ++ cl.s ! t ! p ! o
       } ;
 
   --IL guessed
   PrepIP p ip = {
     s = p.s ++ ip.s ! False -- not used as a subject of predicative sentence
+                    ! Masc ----
                     ! Def ! Gen
     } ;
 
   AdvIP ip adv = ip ** {
-    s = \\g,s,c => ip.s ! g ! s ! c ++ adv.s ;
+    s = \\isPred,g,s,c => ip.s ! isPred ! g ! s ! c ++ adv.s ;
     } ;
 
    -- : IDet -> IP
    IdetIP idet = idet ** { 
-     s = \\isPred => idet.s ! Masc ;
+     s = \\isPred => idet.s ;
      a = { pgn = agrP3 NoHum Masc idet.n ; isPron = False }
      } ;
 
    -- : IDet -> CN -> IP
    IdetCN idet cn = {
-     s = \\isPred,s,c 
+     s = \\isPred,g,s,c 
           => idet.s ! cn.g ! s ! c ++
              cn.s ! idet.n ! Indef ! Gen ; --idaafa
      a = { pgn = agrP3 NoHum cn.g idet.n ; isPron = False }

src/arabic/RelativeAra.gf

@@ -13,19 +13,20 @@ concrete RelativeAra of Relative = CatAra **
      s = \\t,p,agr,c => 
        let 
          npS : Case => Str = \\_ => rp.s ! agr2ragr agr c ;
-         np = {s = npS ; a = agr} ;
+         np = emptyNP ** {s = npS ; a = agr} ;
          cl = Se.PredVP np vp ;
        in
        cl.s ! t ! p ! Nominal
      } ;
 
     -- : RP -> ClSlash -> RCl ; -- whom John loves 
-   RelSlash rp cl = cl ** {
+   RelSlash rp cls = cls ** {
      s = \\t,p,agr,c => 
         let obj = case (pgn2gn agr.pgn).g of {
-        			Fem  => St.she_Pron ;
+        			Fem  => St.she_Pron ; -- head is repeated as a clitic object pronoun
         			Masc => St.he_Pron } ;
-        in rp.s ! agr2ragr agr c ++ cl.s ! t ! p ! Nominal ++ cl.c2.s ++ obj.s ! cl.c2.c
+            cl : ResAra.Cl = complClSlash obj cls ;
+        in rp.s ! agr2ragr agr c ++ cl.s ! t ! p ! VOS
      } ;
 --
 --    FunRP p np rp = {

src/arabic/ResAra.gf

@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ resource ResAra = PatternsAra ** open  Prelude, Predef, OrthoAra, ParamX  in {
                      -- case vowel retained
     Mood    = Ind | Cnj | Jus ;
     Voice   = Act | Pas ;
-    Order   = Verbal | Nominal ;
+    Order   = Verbal | Nominal
+            | VOS ; -- Relative clauses with resumptive pronouns
 
   oper
 
@@ -105,9 +106,10 @@ resource ResAra = PatternsAra ** open  Prelude, Predef, OrthoAra, ParamX  in {
     --types of open classes:
 
     NTable = Number => State => Case => Str;
+    emptyNTable : NTable = \\n,s,c => [] ;
 
     Preposition : Type = {s : Str ; c : Case} ;
-    Noun : Type = {s : NTable ; g : Gender; h : Species} ;
+    Noun : Type = {s,s2 : NTable ; g : Gender; h : Species} ;
     Noun2 : Type = Noun ** {c2 : Preposition} ;
     Noun3 : Type = Noun2 ** {c3 : Preposition} ;
 
@@ -128,8 +130,13 @@ resource ResAra = PatternsAra ** open  Prelude, Predef, OrthoAra, ParamX  in {
     uttAP ap = \\g => ap.s ! NoHum ! g ! Sg ! Def ! Nom ; ----IL
 
     CN : Type = Noun ** {adj : NTable ; np : Case => Str};
+
+    useN : Noun -> CN = \n -> n ** {adj = \\_,_,_ => []; np = \\_ => []} ;
+
     uttCN : CN -> (Gender => Str) ;
-    uttCN cn = \\_ => cn.s ! Sg ! Indef ! Bare ;
+    uttCN cn = \\_ => cn.s   ! Sg ! Indef ! Bare ++ 
+                      cn.s2  ! Sg ! Indef ! Bare ++ 
+                      cn.adj  ! Sg ! Indef ! Bare ;
 
     NumOrdCard : Type = {
       s : Gender => State => Case => Str ;
@@ -552,6 +559,12 @@ v1defective_i : Root3 -> Vowel -> Verb = \bqy,vowImpf -> -- IL (conjugation 1d4)
                          x => vforms_a ! x } ;
    in verbDef vforms_i vowImpf ;
 
+v1doubleweak : Root3 -> Verb = \r'y ->
+  let ry = r'y ** {c = ""} ;
+      vforms : DefForms = \\x => rmSukun (v1DefForms_perfA ry a ! x) ; -- only remove the first sukun
+   in verbDoubleDef vforms i ; -- sukun in suffixes is removed in verbDoubleDef
+
+
 patDef1 : Vowel => Pattern =
   table {
     u => fcu ;
@@ -641,7 +654,6 @@ v4doubleweak : Root3 -> Verb = \r'y ->
       vforms : DefForms = \\x => rmSukun (v4DefForms ry ! x) ; -- only remove the first sukun
    in verbDoubleDef vforms i ; -- sukun in suffixes is removed in verbDoubleDef
 
-
 v5sound : Root3 -> Verb =
   \nfs ->
   let {
@@ -1129,12 +1141,12 @@ patHollowImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str =\xaf,xAf ->
 
     mkIP = overload { 
        mkIP : Str -> Number -> IP = \maa,n -> {
-          s = \\_p,_s,_c => maa ; 
+          s = \\_p,_g,_s,_c => maa ; 
           a = { pgn = agrP3 NoHum Masc n ; isPron = False }
           } ;
       mkIP : (_,_ : Str) -> Number -> IP = \maa,maadhaa,n -> {
-          s = table { True  => \\_s,_c => maa ; 
+          s = table { True  => \\_g,_s,_c => maa ; 
-                      False => \\_s,_c => maadhaa } ; 
+                      False => \\_g,_s,_c => maadhaa } ; 
           a = { pgn = agrP3 NoHum Masc n ; isPron = False }
           } 
       } ;
@@ -1181,6 +1193,8 @@ patHollowImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str =\xaf,xAf ->
     Agr = { pgn : PerGenNum; isPron : Bool} ;
     AAgr = { g : Gender ; n : Number} ;
 
+
+
     Comp : Type = {
       s : AAgr => Case => Str
       } ;
@@ -1198,17 +1212,31 @@ patHollowImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str =\xaf,xAf ->
 
     NP : Type = {
       s : Case => Str ;
-      a : Agr
+      a : Agr ;
+      empty : Str -- to prevent ambiguities with prodrop
       } ;
 
+    proDrop : NP -> NP = \np -> 
+      case np.a.isPron of {
+        True => np ** {s = \\_ => []};
+        _    => np
+      } ;
+
+    emptyNP : NP = {
+      s = \\_ => [] ; 
+      a = {pgn = Per3 Masc Sg ; isPron = False} ;
+      empty = []} ;
+
     IP : Type = {
       s : Bool -- different forms for "what is this" and "what do you do"
+       => Gender -- because an IP can be made into an IComp
        => State => Case -- because of PrepIP: e.g. "in which" chooses definite accusative
        => Str ;
-      a : Agr -- can be both subject and object of a QCl, needs full agr. info
+      a : Agr -- can be both subject and object of a QCl, needs full agr. info (stupid given that s depends on gender but meh)
       } ;
 
-    ip2np : IP -> Bool -> NP = \ip,isPred -> ip ** { s = ip.s ! isPred ! Def } ;
+    ip2np : IP -> Bool -> NP = \ip,isPred -> ip ** { s = ip.s ! isPred ! Masc ! Def ; empty = [] } ;
+    np2ip : NP -> IP = \np -> np ** {s = \\_,_,_ => np.s} ;
     
     IDet : Type = {
       s : Gender -- IdetCN needs to choose the gender of the CN
@@ -1228,7 +1256,7 @@ patHollowImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str =\xaf,xAf ->
   oper
 
     VP : Type = {
-      s : PerGenNum => VPForm => Str;
+      s : PerGenNum => VPForm => Str ;
       obj : Obj;
       pred : Comp;
       isPred : Bool; --indicates if there is a predicate (xabar)
@@ -1263,8 +1291,63 @@ patHollowImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str =\xaf,xAf ->
         isPred = False
       };
 
-   predVSlash : Verb2 -> VPSlash = \v ->
+    passPredV : Verb -> VP = \v ->
-     predV v ** {c2 = v.c2} ;
+      let actVP = predV v in actVP ** { 
+        s = \\pgn,vf =>
+          case vf of {
+            VPPerf   => v.s ! (VPerf   Pas pgn) ;
+            VPImpf m => v.s ! (VImpf m Pas pgn) ;
+            _        => actVP.s ! pgn ! vf
+        }
+      };
+
+    predVP : NP -> VP -> Cl = \np,vp ->
+      { s =\\t,p,o =>
+          let {
+            pgn =
+              case <o,np.a.isPron> of {
+                <Verbal, False> => verbalAgr np.a.pgn;
+                _               => np.a.pgn
+              };
+            gn = pgn2gn pgn;
+            kataba  = vp.s ! pgn ! VPPerf ;
+            yaktubu = vp.s ! pgn ! VPImpf Ind ;
+            yaktuba = vp.s ! pgn ! VPImpf Cnj ;
+            yaktub  = vp.s ! pgn ! VPImpf Jus ;
+            vStr : ParamX.Tense -> Polarity -> Str =
+              \tn,pl -> case <vp.isPred,tn,pl> of {
+              <False, Pres, Pos> => yaktubu ;
+              <False, Pres, Neg> => "لَا" ++ yaktubu ;
+              <True, Pres, Pos> => "" ;      --no verb "to be" in present
+              <True, Pres, Neg> => "لَيسَ" ;--same here, just add negation particle
+              <_, Past, Pos> => kataba ;
+              <_, Past, Neg> => "لَمْ" ++ yaktub ;
+              <_, Cond, _  > => yaktuba ;
+              <_, Fut,  Pos> => "سَ" ++ yaktubu ;
+              <_, Fut,  Neg> => "لَنْ" ++ yaktuba
+              };
+            pred : ParamX.Tense -> Polarity -> Str =
+              \tn,pl -> case <vp.isPred,tn,pl>  of {
+              <True, Pres, Pos> => vp.pred.s ! gn ! Nom; --xabar marfooc
+              _ => vp.pred.s ! gn ! Acc --xabar kaana wa laysa manSoob
+              };
+            subj = np.empty 
+                ++ case <vp.isPred,np.a.isPron> of {
+                          <False,True> => [] ; -- prodrop if it's not predicative
+                          _            => np.s ! Nom
+                   } ;
+
+          } in
+          case o of {
+            Verbal => vStr t p ++ case vp.obj.a.isPron of {
+                            True  => vp.obj.s ++ subj ; -- obj. clitic attaches directly to the verb                                   
+                            False => subj ++ vp.obj.s }
+                   ++ vp.s2 ++ pred t p ;
+            Nominal => subj ++ vStr t p ++ vp.obj.s ++ vp.s2 ++ pred t p ;
+            VOS => vStr t p ++ vp.obj.s ++ vp.s2 ++ pred t p ++ subj
+
+          }
+      } ;
 
     -- in verbal sentences, the verb agrees with the subject
     -- in Gender but not in number
@@ -1286,11 +1369,30 @@ patHollowImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str =\xaf,xAf ->
       { s2 = vp.s2 ++ str };
 
     kaan : {s : AAgr => Case => Str} -> VP = \xabar ->
-      insertPred xabar (predV (v1hollow {f = "ك"; c = "و" ; l = "ن"} u) );
+      insertPred xabar (predV copula);
 
+    copula : Verb = v1hollow {f = "ك"; c = "و" ; l = "ن"} u ;
     -- Slash categories
+
     VPSlash : Type = VP ** {c2 : Preposition} ;
-    ClSlash : Type = Cl ** {c2 : Preposition} ;
+    ClSlash : Type = VPSlash ** {subj : NP} ;
+
+    slashV2 : Verb2 -> VPSlash = \v ->
+      predV v ** {c2 = v.c2} ;
+
+    -- Add subject string, fix agreement to the subject,
+    -- but keep the structure as VP, because later on
+    -- we might need different word orders for the ClSlash.
+    predVPSlash : NP -> VPSlash -> ClSlash = \np,v -> v ** {
+      subj = np
+      } ;
+    
+    complClSlash = overload {
+      complClSlash : NP -> ClSlash -> Cl = \obj,cls ->
+        predVP cls.subj (insertObj obj cls) ;
+      complClSlash :       ClSlash -> Cl = \cls ->  
+        predVP cls.subj (insertObj emptyNP cls) -- Empty subject and object
+      } ;
 
     Cl  : Type = {s : Tense => Polarity => Order => Str} ;
     QCl : Type = {s : Tense => Polarity => QForm => Str} ;
@@ -1304,9 +1406,8 @@ patHollowImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str =\xaf,xAf ->
       agr2ragr : Agr -> Case -> RAgr = \a,c ->
         let gn = pgn2gn a.pgn in case <gn.n,gn.g,a> of {
           <Sg,x> => RSg x ;
-          <Pl,x> => RPl x ;
           <Dl,x> => RDl x c ;
-          _      => Predef.error "agr2ragr"} ;
+          <Pl,x> => RPl x } ;
       agr2ragr : Number -> Case -> Gender -> RAgr = \n,c,g ->
         case n of {
           Sg => RSg g ;

src/arabic/SentenceAra.gf

@@ -26,58 +26,7 @@ concrete SentenceAra of Sentence = CatAra ** open
           }
       };
 -}
-    PredVP np vp =
+    PredVP = predVP ;
-      { s =\\t,p,o =>
-          let {
-            pgn =
-              case <o,np.a.isPron> of {
-                <Verbal, False> => verbalAgr np.a.pgn;
-                _               => np.a.pgn
-              };
-            gn = pgn2gn pgn;
-            kataba  = vp.s ! pgn ! VPPerf ;
-            yaktubu = vp.s ! pgn ! VPImpf Ind ;
-            yaktuba = vp.s ! pgn ! VPImpf Cnj ;
-            yaktub  = vp.s ! pgn ! VPImpf Jus ;
-            vStr : ParamX.Tense -> Polarity -> Str =
-              \tn,pl -> case<vp.isPred,tn,pl> of {
-              <False, Pres, Pos> => yaktubu ;
-              <False, Pres, Neg> => "لَا" ++ yaktubu ;
-              <True, Pres, Pos> => "" ;      --no verb "to be" in present
-              <True, Pres, Neg> => "لَيسَ" ;--same here, just add negation particle
-              <_, Past, Pos> => kataba ;
-              <_, Past, Neg> => "لَمْ" ++ yaktub ;
-              <_, _Fut,  Pos> => "سَ" ++ yaktubu ;
-              <_, _Fut,  Neg> => "لَنْ" ++ yaktuba
-              };
-            pred : ParamX.Tense -> Polarity -> Str =
-              \tn,pl -> case <vp.isPred,tn,pl>  of {
-              <True, Pres, Pos> => vp.pred.s ! gn ! Nom; --xabar marfooc
-              _ => vp.pred.s ! gn ! Acc --xabar kaana wa laysa manSoob
-              };
-
-          } in
-          case o of {
-            Verbal =>
-              --case <False, np.a.isPron> of { ---- AR workaround 18/12/2008
-          case <vp.obj.a.isPron, np.a.isPron> of {
-        {- IL: I don't think we should do prodrop here. vStr drops the copula in present tense,
-               so there's hardly anything left for a predicative clause: e.g.
-                  PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (UseComp (CompCN (UseN car_N))) "I am a car"
-               would be linearised just as "car", if we have both prodrop and copula drop.
-               Leaving it up to someone who knows Arabic to decide what is better.
-        Original here:
-                <True,True>  => (vStr t p) ++ vp.obj.s ++ vp.s2 ++ (pred t p) ;
-                -- ya2kuluhu
-                <False,True> => (vStr t p) ++ vp.obj.s ++ vp.s2 ++ (pred t p); -}
-                -- ya2kuluhu al-waladu, yakuluhu al-2awlaadu
-                <False> => (vStr t p) ++ np.s ! Nom ++ vp.obj.s ++ vp.s2 ++ (pred t p);
-                <True>  => (vStr t p) ++ vp.obj.s ++ np.s ! Nom ++ vp.s2 ++ (pred t p)
-              };
-            Nominal =>
-              np.s ! Nom ++ (vStr t p) ++ vp.obj.s ++ vp.s2 ++ (pred t p)
-          }
-      };
 
 --    PredSCVP sc vp = mkClause sc.s (agrP3 Sg) vp ;
 
@@ -100,9 +49,13 @@ concrete SentenceAra of Sentence = CatAra ** open
 
 -- ClSlash
 
-    SlashVP np vps = PredVP np vps ** { c2 = vps.c2 } ;
+    SlashVP = predVPSlash ;
     AdvSlash slash adv = slash ** { s2 = slash.s2 ++ adv.s } ;
-    SlashPrep cl prep = cl ** {c2 = prep} ;
+
+-- SlashPrep : Cl -> Prep -> ClSlash
+-- Will be awkward to implement in the way ClSlash is now.
+-- ClSlash is implemented the way it is now for a good reason:
+-- we need to support different word orders.
 
 --  SlashVS np vs sslash = TODO
 
@@ -111,25 +64,26 @@ concrete SentenceAra of Sentence = CatAra ** open
 --    EmbedQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QIndir} ;
 --    EmbedVP vp = {s = infVP False vp (agrP3 Sg)} ; --- agr
 --
-    UseSlash,
+
-    UseCl = \t,p,cl ->
+    UseCl t p cl =
       {s = t.s ++ p.s ++
          case <t.t,t.a> of { --- IL guessed tenses
-             <(Pres|Cond),Simul>  => cl.s ! Pres ! p.p ! Nominal ;
+             <Pres,Simul>  => cl.s ! Pres ! p.p ! Nominal ;
-             <Fut        ,_    >  => cl.s ! Fut ! p.p ! Nominal ;
+             <Pres,Anter>  => cl.s ! Past ! p.p ! Nominal ;
-             <_          ,_    >  => cl.s ! Past ! p.p ! Nominal
+             <x   ,_    >  => cl.s ! x ! p.p ! Nominal
            }
       };
 
     UseQCl t p qcl =
       {s = \\q => t.s ++ p.s ++
          case <t.t,t.a> of { --- IL guessed tenses
-           <(Pres|Cond),Simul>  => qcl.s ! Pres ! p.p ! q ;
+           <Pres,Simul>  => qcl.s ! Pres ! p.p ! q ;
-           <Fut        ,_    >  => qcl.s ! Fut ! p.p ! q ;
+           <Pres,Anter>  => qcl.s ! Past ! p.p ! q ;
-           <_          ,_    >  => qcl.s ! Past ! p.p ! q
+           <x   ,_    >  => qcl.s ! x ! p.p ! q
          }
       };
 
     UseRCl t p cl = {s = \\agr,c => t.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! p.p ! agr ! c} ;
 
+    UseSlash t p cl = UseCl t p (complClSlash cl) ;
 }

src/arabic/SymbolAra.gf

@@ -17,10 +17,12 @@ lin
     let g = cn.g ; n = sizeToNumber det.n  in {
     s = \\c => det.s ! NoHum ! g ! c ++ cn.s ! Sg ! Def ! c ++ cn.adj ! n ! Def ! c ++ xs.s; ----IL word order?? Seems to be nontrivial according to ResAra comments.
     a = dummyAgrP3 n ;
+    empty = []
     } ;
   CNNumNP cn i = {
     s = \\c => cn.s ! Sg ! Def ! c ++ uttNum i ! Masc ;
     a = dummyAgrP3 Sg ;
+    empty = []
     } ;
 
   SymbS sy = sy ;

src/arabic/VerbAra.gf

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ concrete VerbAra of Verb = CatAra ** open Prelude, ResAra in {
     --SlashV2V : V2V -> VP -> VPSlash ;  -- beg (her) to go
     --SlashV2VNP : V2V -> NP -> VPSlash -> VPSlash ; -- beg me to buy
 
-    SlashV2a v = predVSlash v ;
+    SlashV2a = slashV2 ;
-    Slash3V3 v np = insertObj np (predVSlash v) ** {c2 = v.c3};
+    Slash3V3 v np = insertObj np (slashV2 v) ** {c2 = v.c3};
 
     ComplSlash vp np = insertObj np vp ;
 
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ concrete VerbAra of Verb = CatAra ** open Prelude, ResAra in {
       vp ** {
         s = \\pgn,vpf => vvVP.s ! pgn ! vpf
                       ++ vv.c2.s  -- أَنْ
-                      ++ vp.s ! pgn ! VPImpf Cnj
+                      ++ vp.s ! pgn ! VPImpf Cnj ;
+        isPred = False
       } ;
 
 --    ComplVS v s  = insertObj (\\_ => conjThat ++ s.s) (predV v) ;
@@ -38,13 +39,15 @@ concrete VerbAra of Verb = CatAra ** open Prelude, ResAra in {
 --
     UseComp xabar = kaan xabar ;
 
+    UseCopula = predV copula ;
+
     AdvVP vp adv = insertStr adv.s vp ;
 
 --    AdVVP adv vp = insertAdV adv.s vp ;
 --
 --    ReflV2 v = insertObj (\\a => v.c2 ++ reflPron ! a) (predV v) ;
 --
-    PassV2 v = kaan {s = \\_,_ => v.s ! VPPart} ; ---- IL guessed
+    PassV2 = passPredV ;
 --
 --    UseVS, UseVQ = \vv -> {s = vv.s ; c2 = [] ; isRefl = vv.isRefl} ; -- no