extensions by Codex

src/kazakh/AdjectiveKaz.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+concrete AdjectiveKaz of Adjective = CatKaz ** open ResKaz in {
+  lin
+    PositA a = a ;
+    ComparA a np = {s=np.s ! Ablat ++ a.s} ;
+    UseComparA a = {s=a.s} ;
+    ComplA2 a np = {s=complNP a.c2 np ++ a.s} ;
+    ReflA2 a = {s=a.s} ;
+    UseA2 a = {s=a.s} ;
+    SentAP ap sc = {s=sc.s ++ ap.s} ;
+    AdAP ada ap = {s=ada.s ++ ap.s} ;
+    AdvAP ap adv = {s=adv.s ++ ap.s} ;
+    CAdvAP cadv ap np = {s=cadv.s ++ ap.s ++ cadv.p ++ np.s ! Ablat} ;
+}

src/kazakh/AdverbKaz.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+concrete AdverbKaz of Adverb = CatKaz ** open ResKaz in {
+  lin
+    ComparAdvAdj cadv a np = {s=cadv.s ++ a.s ++ cadv.p ++ np.s ! Ablat} ;
+    ComparAdvAdjS cadv a s = {s=cadv.s ++ a.s ++ cadv.p ++ s.s} ;
+    PositAdAAdj a = {s=a.s} ;
+    PositAdvAdj a = {s=a.s} ;
+    PrepNP prep np = {s=np.s ! prep.c ++ prep.s} ;
+    AdAdv a b = {s=a.s ++ b.s} ;
+    SubjS sub s = {s=s.s ++ sub.s} ;
+    AdnCAdv c = {s=c.s} ;
+}

src/kazakh/AllKaz.gf

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 concrete AllKaz of AllKazAbs =
-  LangKaz
+  LangKaz,
+  ExtendKaz
   **
     {} ;

src/kazakh/AllKazAbs.gf

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 --# -path=.:../abstract:../common:prelude
 
 abstract AllKazAbs =
-  Lang
+  Lang,
+  Extend
   ** {} ;

src/kazakh/CatKaz.gf

@@ -3,41 +3,37 @@ concrete CatKaz of Cat = CommonX ** open Prelude,ResKaz in {
   lincat A2 = A ** {c2 : Compl} ;
   lincat ACard = {s : Str} ;
   lincat AP = {s : Str} ;
-  lincat CN = {s : Case => Str} ;
+  lincat CN = Noun ;
   lincat Card = {s : Str} ;
-  lincat Cl = {infinitive : Case => Str} ;
+  lincat Cl = Clause ;
-  lincat ClSlash = {s : Str} ;
+  lincat ClSlash = Clause ;
   lincat Comp = {s : Str} ;
   lincat Conj = {s : Str} ;
   lincat DAP = {s : Str} ;
   lincat Decimal = {s : Str} ;
-  lincat Det = {s : Str; n : Number} ;
+  lincat Det = {s : Str; n : Number; poss : Possessor} ;
   lincat Digits = {s : Str} ;
   lincat GN = {s : Str} ;
   lincat IComp = {s : Str} ;
-  lincat IDet = {s : Str} ;
+  lincat IDet = {s : Str; n : Number} ;
   lincat IP = {s : Str} ;
   lincat IQuant = {s : Str} ;
-  lincat Imp = {s : Str} ;
+  lincat Imp = {s : Polarity => Formality => Number => Str} ;
   lincat LN = {s : Str} ;
-  lincat N = {s : Case => Number => Str;
+  lincat N = Noun ;
-              poss : Number => Person => Number => Str} ;
+  lincat N2 = Noun ** {c2 : Compl} ;
-  lincat N2 = {s : Case => Number => Str;
+  lincat N3 = Noun ** {c2,c3 : Compl} ;
-               poss : Number => Person => Number => Str; c2 : {s : Str}} ;
+  lincat NP = {s : Case => Str; a : Agr} ;
-  lincat N3 = {s : Case => Number => Str;
-               poss : Number => Person => Number => Str; c2 : {s : Str};
-               c3 : {s : Str}} ;
-  lincat NP = {s : Case => Str} ;
   lincat Num = {s : Str; n : Number} ;
   lincat Numeral = {s : Str} ;
   lincat Ord = {s : Str} ;
   lincat PN = {s : Str} ;
   lincat Predet = {s : Str} ;
   lincat Prep = Compl ;
-  lincat Pron = {s : Str} ;
+  lincat Pron = {s : Case => Str; a : Agr} ;
-  lincat QCl = {s : Str} ;
+  lincat QCl = Clause ;
   lincat QS = {s : Str} ;
-  lincat Quant = {s : Str} ;
+  lincat Quant = {s : Str; poss : Possessor} ;
   lincat RCl = {s : Str} ;
   lincat RP = {s : Str} ;
   lincat RS = {s : Str} ;
@@ -49,21 +45,6 @@ concrete CatKaz of Cat = CommonX ** open Prelude,ResKaz in {
   lincat VV,VS,VQ,VA = Verb ;
   lincat V2 = Verb ** {c2 : Compl} ;
   lincat V3,V2A,V2S,V2Q,V2V = Verb ** {c2,c3 : Compl} ;
-  lincat VP = {infinitive : Case => Str;
+  lincat VP = Verb ;
-               indicative : {fut : Case => Str;
+  lincat VPSlash = Verb ** {c2 : Compl} ;
-                             pres : {progressive : Polarity => Case => Str;
-                                     noAspect : Polarity => Case => Str};
-                             past : {perfect : Polarity => Case => Str;
-                                     progressive : Polarity => Case => Str;
-                                     noAspect : Polarity => Case => Str}};
-               subjunctive : Person => Case => Str} ;
-  lincat VPSlash = {infinitive : Str;
-                    indicative : {fut : Str;
-                            pres : {progressive : Polarity => Person => Number => Str;
-                                    noAspect : Polarity => Person => Number => Str};
-                            past : {perfect : Polarity => Person => Number => Str;
-                                    progressive : Polarity => Person => Number => Str;
-                                    noAspect : Polarity => Person => Number => Str}};
-                    imperative : Polarity => Formality => Number => Str;
-                    subjunctive : Person => Number => Str} ;
 }

src/kazakh/ConjunctionKaz.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+concrete ConjunctionKaz of Conjunction = CatKaz ** open ResKaz in {
+  lincat
+    [S], [Adv], [AdV], [IAdv], [AP], [RS] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
+    [NP] = {s1,s2 : Case => Str; a : Agr} ;
+    [CN] = {s1,s2 : Noun} ;
+    [DAP] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
+
+  lin
+    BaseNP x y = {s1=\\c => x.s ! c;s2=\\c => y.s ! c;a={p=P3;n=Pl}} ;
+    ConsNP x xs = {s1=\\c => x.s ! c ++ "," ++ xs.s1 ! c;s2=xs.s2;a={p=P3;n=Pl}} ;
+    ConjNP c xs = {s=\\k => coord c.s (xs.s1 ! k) (xs.s2 ! k);a=xs.a} ;
+    BaseAP x y = {s1=x.s;s2=y.s} ; ConsAP x xs = {s1=x.s ++ "," ++ xs.s1;s2=xs.s2} ;
+    ConjAP c xs = {s=coord c.s xs.s1 xs.s2} ;
+    BaseAdv x y = {s1=x.s;s2=y.s} ; ConsAdv x xs = {s1=x.s ++ "," ++ xs.s1;s2=xs.s2} ;
+    ConjAdv c xs = {s=coord c.s xs.s1 xs.s2} ;
+    BaseS x y = {s1=x.s;s2=y.s} ; ConsS x xs = {s1=x.s ++ "," ++ xs.s1;s2=xs.s2} ;
+    ConjS c xs = {s=coord c.s xs.s1 xs.s2} ;
+    BaseCN x y = {s1=x;s2=y} ; ConsCN x xs = {s1=x;s2=xs.s2} ;
+    ConjCN c xs = {s=\\k,n => coord c.s (xs.s1.s ! k ! n) (xs.s2.s ! k ! n);
+      poss=\\o,p,n => coord c.s (xs.s1.poss ! o ! p ! n) (xs.s2.poss ! o ! p ! n)} ;
+}

src/kazakh/ConstructionKaz.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+concrete ConstructionKaz of Construction = CatKaz **
+  open Prelude, ResKaz, ParadigmsKaz in {
+
+  lincat Timeunit, Hour, Weekday, Month, Monthday, Year = {s : Str} ;
+
+  lin
+    ready_VP=prefixVerb "дайын" (mkV "болу");
+    has_age_VP card=prefixVerb (card.s++"жаста") (mkV "болу");
+    n_units_AP card cn a={s=card.s++cn.s!Nom!Sg++a.s};
+    n_units_of_NP card cn np={s=\\c=>card.s++cn.s!Nom!Sg++np.s!c;a=np.a};
+    cup_of_CN np={s=\\_,_=>"бір кесе"++np.s!Nom;poss=\\_,_,_=>"бір кесе"++np.s!Nom};
+    monday_Weekday={s="дүйсенбі"}; tuesday_Weekday={s="сейсенбі"};
+    wednesday_Weekday={s="сәрсенбі"}; thursday_Weekday={s="бейсенбі"};
+    friday_Weekday={s="жұма"}; saturday_Weekday={s="сенбі"}; sunday_Weekday={s="жексенбі"};
+    january_Month={s="қаңтар"}; february_Month={s="ақпан"}; march_Month={s="наурыз"};
+    april_Month={s="сәуір"}; may_Month={s="мамыр"}; june_Month={s="маусым"};
+    july_Month={s="шілде"}; august_Month={s="тамыз"}; september_Month={s="қыркүйек"};
+    october_Month={s="қазан"}; november_Month={s="қараша"}; december_Month={s="желтоқсан"};
+    weekdayPunctualAdv w={s=w.s++"күні"}; weekdayHabitualAdv w={s="әр"++w.s};
+    weekdayN w={s=\\_,_=>w.s;poss=\\_,_,_=>w.s};
+    monthN m={s=\\_,_=>m.s;poss=\\_,_,_=>m.s};
+    intYear i={s=i.s}; yearAdv y={s=y.s++"жылы"};
+}

src/kazakh/ExtendKaz.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+concrete ExtendKaz of Extend = CatKaz **
+  open Prelude, ResKaz, ParadigmsKaz, GrammarKaz, (P = ParamX) in {
+
+  lincat
+    RNP = {s : Case => Str} ;
+    RNPList = {s1,s2 : Case => Str} ;
+    VPS, VPI = {s : Str} ;
+    [VPS], [VPI], [Comp], [Imp] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
+
+  oper
+    extendNP : Str -> NP = \s -> lin NP {s=\\_ => s; a={p=P3;n=Sg}} ;
+    simpleRNP : Str -> RNP = \s -> lin RNP {s=\\_ => s} ;
+
+  lin
+    TPastSimple = {s=[]; t=P.Past} ;
+    CompoundN a b = lin N {
+      s=\\c,n => a.s ! Nom ! Sg ++ b.s ! c ! n;
+      poss=\\o,p,n => a.s ! Nom ! Sg ++ b.poss ! o ! p ! n
+      } ;
+    GenModNP num np cn = {s=\\c => np.s ! Gen ++ possForm cn np.a.n (nounPerson np.a.p) num.n; a={p=P3;n=num.n}} ;
+    ApposNP a b = {s=\\c => a.s ! c ++ "," ++ b.s ! c; a=a.a} ;
+    ReflPron = simpleRNP "өзін" ;
+    ReflPoss num cn = {s=\\c => cn.s ! c ! num.n} ;
+    AdvRNP np prep r = {s=\\c => np.s ! c ++ r.s ! prep.c ++ prep.s} ;
+    AdvRVP vp prep r = prefixVerb (r.s ! prep.c ++ prep.s) vp ;
+    AdvRAP ap prep r = {s=r.s ! prep.c ++ prep.s ++ ap.s} ;
+    PossPronRNP pron num cn r = {s=\\c => pron.s ! Gen ++ possForm cn pron.a.n (nounPerson pron.a.p) num.n ++ r.s ! c; a={p=P3;n=num.n}} ;
+    ComplBareVS vs s = prefixVerb s.s vs ;
+    PresPartAP vp={s=vp.infinitive}; PastPartAP vp={s=vp.infinitive};
+    PastPartAgentAP vp np={s=np.s ! Instr ++ vp.infinitive};
+    PassVPSlash vp=prefixVerb "" vp; PassAgentVPSlash vp np=prefixVerb (np.s ! Instr) vp;
+    ProgrVPSlash vp=vp;
+    GerundCN vp={s=\\_,_ => vp.infinitive; poss=\\_,_,_ => vp.infinitive};
+    GerundNP vp=extendNP vp.infinitive; GerundAdv vp={s=vp.infinitive}; ByVP vp={s=vp.infinitive};
+    ComplSlashPartLast vp np=prefixVerb (np.s ! vp.c2.c ++ vp.c2.s) vp;
+    UttVPShort vp={s=vp.infinitive}; PositAdVAdj a={s=a.s}; CompoundAP n a={s=n.s!Nom!Sg++a.s};
+    MkVPS temp pol vp={s=(mkClause (extendNP "") vp).past ! pol.p};
+    BaseVPS a b={s1=a.s;s2=b.s}; ConsVPS a b={s1=a.s++","++b.s1;s2=b.s2};
+    ConjVPS c xs={s=xs.s1++c.s++xs.s2}; PredVPS np vps={s=np.s!Nom++vps.s};
+    MkVPI vp={s=vp.infinitive}; BaseVPI a b={s1=a.s;s2=b.s};
+    ConsVPI a b={s1=a.s++","++b.s1;s2=b.s2}; ConjVPI c xs={s=xs.s1++c.s++xs.s2};
+    ComplVPIVV vv vpi=prefixVerb vpi.s vv;
+    UseDAP d=extendNP d.s; UseDAPMasc d=extendNP d.s; UseDAPFem d=extendNP d.s;
+    EmptyRelSlash cl={s=cl.pres!P.Pos};
+    BaseImp a b={s1=a.s!Pos!Informal!Sg;s2=b.s!Pos!Informal!Sg};
+    ConjImp c xs={s=\\_,_,_ => xs.s1++c.s++xs.s2};
+    BaseComp a b={s1=a.s;s2=b.s}; ConjComp c xs={s=xs.s1++c.s++xs.s2};
+}

src/kazakh/GrammarKaz.gf

@@ -1,6 +1,17 @@
 concrete GrammarKaz of Grammar =
+  NounKaz,
+  VerbKaz,
+  AdjectiveKaz,
+  AdverbKaz,
+  NumeralKaz,
+  SentenceKaz,
+  QuestionKaz,
+  RelativeKaz,
+  ConjunctionKaz,
   PhraseKaz,
   TextX,
-  TenseX ** {
+  IdiomKaz,
-
+  TenseX,
-} ;
+  NamesKaz
+  ** {
+}

src/kazakh/IdiomKaz.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+concrete IdiomKaz of Idiom = CatKaz ** open ResKaz, ParadigmsKaz in {
+  lin
+    ProgrVP vp = vp ;
+    ExistNP np = mkClause np (mkV "болу") ;
+    ExistNPAdv np adv = mkClause np (prefixVerb adv.s (mkV "болу")) ;
+    ExistIP ip = {pres=\\_ => ip.s ++ "бар";past=\\_ => ip.s ++ "болды";
+      fut=\\_ => ip.s ++ "болады";cond=\\_ => ip.s ++ "болар еді";anter=\\_ => ip.s ++ "болған"} ;
+    ImpersCl vp = mkClause {s=\\_ => [];a=defaultAgr} vp ;
+    GenericCl vp = mkClause {s=\\_ => "адам";a=defaultAgr} vp ;
+    CleftNP np rs = stringClause (np.s ! Nom ++ rs.s) ;
+    CleftAdv adv s = stringClause (adv.s ++ s.s) ;
+    ImpPl1 vp = {s=vp.imperative!Pos!Informal!Pl} ;
+}

src/kazakh/LangKaz.gf

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 concrete LangKaz of Lang =
   GrammarKaz,
-  LexiconKaz
+  LexiconKaz,
+  ConstructionKaz
   ,DocumentationKaz --# notpresent
   ** {
 } ;

src/kazakh/NamesKaz.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+concrete NamesKaz of Names = CatKaz ** open Prelude, ResKaz in {
+  oper nameNP : Str -> NP = \s -> lin NP {s=\\_ => s; a={p=P3;n=Sg}} ;
+
+  lin
+    UseLN ln=nameNP ln.s;
+    InLN ln={s=ln.s++"да"};
+    AdjLN ap ln={s=ap.s++ln.s};
+    GivenName gn=nameNP gn.s;
+    MaleSurname sn=nameNP sn.s;
+}

src/kazakh/NounKaz.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+concrete NounKaz of Noun = CatKaz ** open Prelude, ResKaz in {
+  lin
+    UseN n = n ;
+    AdjCN ap cn = cn ** {
+      s=\\c,n => ap.s ++ cn.s ! c ! n;
+      poss=\\o,p,n => ap.s ++ cn.poss ! o ! p ! n
+    } ;
+    AdvCN cn adv = cn ** {
+      s=\\c,n => adv.s ++ cn.s ! c ! n;
+      poss=\\o,p,n => adv.s ++ cn.poss ! o ! p ! n
+    } ;
+    RelCN cn rs = cn ** {
+      s=\\c,n => rs.s ++ cn.s ! c ! n;
+      poss=\\o,p,n => rs.s ++ cn.poss ! o ! p ! n
+    } ;
+    SentCN cn sc = cn ** {
+      s=\\c,n => sc.s ++ cn.s ! c ! n;
+      poss=\\o,p,n => sc.s ++ cn.poss ! o ! p ! n
+    } ;
+    ApposCN cn np = cn ** {
+      s=\\c,n => cn.s ! c ! n ++ np.s ! c;
+      poss=\\o,p,n => cn.poss ! o ! p ! n ++ np.s ! Nom
+    } ;
+    ComplN2 n np = n ** {
+      s=\\c,k => complNP n.c2 np ++ n.s ! c ! k;
+      poss=\\o,p,k => complNP n.c2 np ++ n.poss ! o ! p ! k
+    } ;
+    ComplN3 n np = n ** {
+      s=\\c,k => complNP n.c2 np ++ n.s ! c ! k;
+      poss=\\o,p,k => complNP n.c2 np ++ n.poss ! o ! p ! k; c2=n.c3
+    } ;
+    Use2N3 n = {
+      s=n.s;
+      poss=n.poss;
+      c2=n.c2
+    } ;
+    Use3N3 n = {
+      s=n.s;
+      poss=n.poss;
+      c2=n.c3
+    } ;
+    UseN2 n = {
+      s=n.s;
+      poss=n.poss
+    } ;
+    UsePN pn = {s=\\_ => pn.s;a=defaultAgr} ;
+    UsePron p = p ;
+    DetCN det cn = {s=\\c => det.s ++ case det.poss of {
+      NoPoss => cn.s ! c ! det.n; Poss p n => possForm cn n (nounPerson p) det.n};
+      a={p=P3;n=det.n}} ;
+    MassNP cn = {s=\\c => cn.s ! c ! Sg;a=defaultAgr} ;
+    DetQuant q num = {s=q.s ++ num.s;n=num.n;poss=q.poss} ;
+    DetQuantOrd q num ord = {s=q.s ++ num.s ++ ord.s;n=num.n;poss=q.poss} ;
+    DefArt = {s=[];poss=NoPoss} ; IndefArt = {s=[];poss=NoPoss} ;
+    PossPron p = {s=[];poss=Poss p.a.p p.a.n} ;
+    NumSg = {s=[];n=Sg} ; NumPl = {s=[];n=Pl} ;
+    NumCard c = {s=c.s;n=Sg} ; NumNumeral n = {s=n.s;n=Sg} ; NumDecimal n = {s=n.s;n=Sg} ;
+    AdNum a n = {s=a.s ++ n.s} ; OrdNumeral n = {s=n.s} ; OrdDigits n = {s=n.s} ;
+    OrdSuperl a = {s="ең" ++ a.s} ; OrdNumeralSuperl n a = {s=n.s ++ "ең" ++ a.s} ;
+    AdvNP np adv = {s=\\c => np.s ! c ++ adv.s;a=np.a} ;
+    ExtAdvNP np adv = {s=\\c => np.s ! c ++ "," ++ adv.s;a=np.a} ;
+    PredetNP p np = {s=\\c => p.s ++ np.s ! c;a=np.a} ;
+    PossNP cn np = cn ** {s=\\c,n => np.s ! Gen ++ possForm cn np.a.n (nounPerson np.a.p) n;
+                          poss=\\o,p,n => np.s ! Gen ++ cn.poss ! o ! p ! n} ;
+    PartNP cn np = cn ** {s=\\c,n => np.s ! Ablat ++ cn.s ! c ! n;
+                          poss=\\o,p,n => np.s ! Ablat ++ cn.poss ! o ! p ! n} ;
+    CountNP det np = {s=\\c => det.s ++ np.s ! c;a={p=P3;n=det.n}} ;
+    DetDAP det = {s=det.s} ; AdjDAP dap ap = {s=dap.s ++ ap.s} ;
+    QuantityNP dec mu = {s=\\_ => dec.s ++ mu.s;a={p=P3;n=Pl}} ;
+}

src/kazakh/NumeralKaz.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+concrete NumeralKaz of Numeral = CatKaz [Numeral,Digits,Decimal] **
+  open Prelude in {
+
+  param DValue = D0 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 ;
+
+  lincat
+    Dig, Digit = {s : Str; v : DValue} ;
+    Sub10, Sub100, Sub1000, Sub1000000,
+    Sub1000000000, Sub1000000000000 = {s : Str} ;
+
+  oper
+    tens : DValue => Str = table {
+      D0 => ""; D1 => "он"; D2 => "жиырма"; D3 => "отыз"; D4 => "қырық";
+      D5 => "елу"; D6 => "алпыс"; D7 => "жетпіс"; D8 => "сексен"; D9 => "тоқсан"
+      } ;
+
+  lin
+    num n = {s=n.s} ;
+    n2={s="екі";v=D2}; n3={s="үш";v=D3}; n4={s="төрт";v=D4}; n5={s="бес";v=D5};
+    n6={s="алты";v=D6}; n7={s="жеті";v=D7}; n8={s="сегіз";v=D8}; n9={s="тоғыз";v=D9};
+    pot01={s="бір"}; pot0 d={s=d.s}; pot0as1 n=n;
+    pot110={s="он"}; pot111={s="он бір"}; pot1to19 d={s="он"++d.s};
+    pot1 d={s=tens!d.v};
+    pot1plus d n={s=(pot1 d).s++n.s}; pot1as2 n=n;
+    pot21={s="жүз"}; pot2 n={s=n.s++"жүз"}; pot2plus n m={s=n.s++"жүз"++m.s}; pot2as3 n=n;
+    pot31={s="мың"}; pot3 n={s=n.s++"мың"}; pot3plus n m={s=n.s++"мың"++m.s}; pot3as4 n=n;
+    pot3decimal d={s=d.s++"мың"}; pot41={s="миллион"}; pot4 n={s=n.s++"миллион"};
+    pot4plus n m={s=n.s++"миллион"++m.s}; pot4as5 n=n; pot4decimal d={s=d.s++"миллион"};
+    pot51={s="миллиард"}; pot5 n={s=n.s++"миллиард"};
+    pot5plus n m={s=n.s++"миллиард"++m.s}; pot5decimal d={s=d.s++"миллиард"};
+    D_0={s="0";v=D0};D_1={s="1";v=D1};D_2={s="2";v=D2};D_3={s="3";v=D3};D_4={s="4";v=D4};
+    D_5={s="5";v=D5};D_6={s="6";v=D6};D_7={s="7";v=D7};D_8={s="8";v=D8};D_9={s="9";v=D9};
+    IDig d={s=d.s}; IIDig d ds={s=d.s ++ BIND ++ ds.s}; PosDecimal ds=ds;
+    NegDecimal ds={s="-" ++ BIND ++ ds.s};
+    IFrac d x={s=d.s ++ BIND ++ "." ++ BIND ++ x.s};
+}

src/kazakh/ParadigmsKaz.gf

@@ -2,29 +2,29 @@ resource ParadigmsKaz = MorphoKaz  ** open Predef, Prelude, CatKaz, ResKaz in {
 oper
   regN : Str -> N   -- s;Nom;Sg
     = \form -> case form of {
-		_ + "дас" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "дас" => mkN001 form;
-		_ + "нас" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "нас" => mkN001 form;
-		_ + "йыс" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "йыс" => mkN001 form;
 		_ + "дыс" => mkN020 form;
 		_ + "ніс" => mkN009 form;
 		_ + "гіс" => mkN009 form;
 		_ + "тіс" => mkN022 form;
 		_ + "мес" => mkN009 form;
 		_ + "ғат" => mkN020 form;
-		_ + "нат" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "нат" => mkN001 form;
-		_ + "пат" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "пат" => mkN001 form;
-		_ + "жат" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "жат" => mkN001 form;
 		_ + "зат" => mkN020 form;
-		_ + "ұлт" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "ұлт" => mkN001 form;
 		_ + "ілт" => mkN021 form;
-		_ + "уыт" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "уыт" => mkN001 form;
 		_ + "ірт" => mkN009 form;
 		_ + "орт" => mkN020 form;
 		_ + "ырт" => mkN020 form;
-		_ + "шот" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "шот" => mkN001 form;
-		_ + "ант" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "ант" => mkN001 form;
 		_ + "ент" => mkN021 form;
-		_ + "хит" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "хит" => mkN001 form;
 		_ + "нөт" => mkN009 form;
 		_ + "тет" => mkN009 form;
 		_ + "лет" => mkN022 form;
@@ -39,12 +39,12 @@ oper
 		_ + "ліш" => mkN021 form;
 		_ + "ріш" => mkN022 form;
 		_ + "шам" => mkN003 form;
-		_ + "нам" => mkN064 form;
+		_ + "нам" => mkN002 form;
 		_ + "йым" => mkN026 form;
 		_ + "рым" => mkN026 form;
 		_ + "жым" => mkN026 form;
-		_ + "ным" => mkN066 form;
+		_ + "ным" => mkN002 form;
-		_ + "тым" => mkN066 form;
+		_ + "тым" => mkN002 form;
 		_ + "нім" => mkN016 form;
 		_ + "рім" => mkN035 form;
 		_ + "дем" => mkN035 form;
@@ -53,22 +53,22 @@ oper
 		_ + "ран" => mkN003 form;
 		_ + "жан" => mkN003 form;
 		_ + "оян" => mkN003 form;
-		_ + "мән" => mkN028 form;
+		_ + "мән" => mkN016 form;
-		_ + "сін" => mkN028 form;
+		_ + "сін" => mkN016 form;
-		_ + "кін" => mkN028 form;
+		_ + "кін" => mkN016 form;
 		_ + "гін" => mkN035 form;
-		_ + "лен" => mkN028 form;
+		_ + "лен" => mkN016 form;
-		_ + "рен" => mkN028 form;
+		_ + "рен" => mkN016 form;
 		_ + "йың" => mkN003 form;
 		_ + "заң" => mkN019 form;
-		_ + "пап" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "пап" => mkN043 form;
-		_ + "лып" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "лып" => mkN043 form;
 		_ + "қып" => mkN020 form;
-		_ + "сық" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "сық" => mkN015 form;
-		_ + "шық" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "шық" => mkN015 form;
-		_ + "зақ" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "зақ" => mkN015 form;
-		_ + "уақ" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "уақ" => mkN015 form;
-		_ + "қақ" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "қақ" => mkN015 form;
 		_ + "ыла" => mkN030 form;
 		_ + "ола" => mkN030 form;
 		_ + "рда" => mkN030 form;
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ oper
 		_ + "зік" => mkN033 form;
 		_ + "біз" => mkN010 form;
 		_ + "көз" => mkN010 form;
-		_ + "сөз" => mkN067 form;
+		_ + "сөз" => mkN029 form;
 		_ + "быз" => mkN039 form;
 		_ + "кше" => mkN042 form;
 		_ + "рпе" => mkN042 form;
@@ -227,14 +227,14 @@ oper
 		_ + "сі" => mkN042 form;
 		_ + "с" => mkN001 form;
 		_ + "т" => mkN001 form;
-		_ + "ш" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "ш" => mkN001 form;
-		_ + "м" => mkN028 form;
+		_ + "м" => mkN016 form;
 		_ + "н" => mkN026 form;
 		_ + "ң" => mkN016 form;
 		_ + "п" => mkN043 form;
-		_ + "д" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "д" => mkN002 form;
 		_ + "қ" => mkN015 form;
-		_ + "х" => mkN004 form;
+		_ + "х" => mkN001 form;
 		_ + "а" => mkN005 form;
 		_ + "ы" => mkN030 form;
 		_ + "я" => mkN024 form;
@@ -302,25 +302,37 @@ oper
 
   regV : Str -> V   -- Infinitive
     = \form -> case form of {
+		_ + "ану" => mkV003 form;
+		_ + "ыну" => mkV003 form;
+		_ + "ону" => mkV003 form;
+		_ + "ұну" => mkV003 form;
+		_ + "азу" => mkV003 form;
+		_ + "ызу" => mkV003 form;
+		_ + "озу" => mkV003 form;
+		_ + "ұзу" => mkV003 form;
+		_ + "арту" => mkV001 form;
+		_ + "ырту" => mkV001 form;
+		_ + "орту" => mkV001 form;
+		_ + "ұрту" => mkV001 form;
 		_ + "лту" => mkV005 form;
-		_ + "pту" => mkV007 form;
+		_ + "рту" => mkV007 form;
-		_ + "eту" => mkV007 form;
+		_ + "ету" => mkV007 form;
-		_ + "iту" => mkV007 form;
+		_ + "іту" => mkV007 form;
 		_ + "үту" => mkV010 form;
-		_ + "тaу" => mkV006 form;
+		_ + "тау" => mkV006 form;
-		_ + "сaу" => mkV006 form;
+		_ + "сау" => mkV006 form;
-		_ + "нaу" => mkV011 form;
+		_ + "нау" => mkV011 form;
-		_ + "қaу" => mkV011 form;
+		_ + "қау" => mkV011 form;
-		_ + "paу" => mkV026 form;
+		_ + "рау" => mkV026 form;
-		_ + "apу" => mkV003 form;
+		_ + "ару" => mkV003 form;
-		_ + "ыpу" => mkV003 form;
+		_ + "ыру" => mkV003 form;
-		_ + "ipу" => mkV023 form;
+		_ + "іру" => mkV023 form;
 		_ + "ту" => mkV001 form;
-		_ + "aу" => mkV002 form;
+		_ + "ау" => mkV002 form;
 		_ + "лу" => mkV033 form;
 		_ + "шу" => mkV010 form;
 		_ + "уу" => mkV006 form;
-		_ + "eу" => mkV009 form;
+		_ + "еу" => mkV009 form;
 		_ + "су" => mkV010 form;
 		_ + "бу" => mkV020 form;
 		_ + "ңу" => mkV023 form;
@@ -330,7 +342,7 @@ oper
 
   reg2V : Str -> Str -> V   -- Infinitive  Indicative;Pres;Progressive;Pos;P1;Sg
     = \form1, form2 -> case <form1, form2> of {
-		<_ + "aу", _ + "iн"> => mkV011 form1;
+		<_ + "ау", _ + "ін"> => mkV011 form1;
 		_ => regV form1
   } ;
 
@@ -345,7 +357,7 @@ mkN = overload {
 } ;
 
 mkN2 = overload {
-  mkN2 : N -> N2 = \n -> lin N2 n ** {c2=noPrep};
+  mkN2 : N -> N2 = \n -> lin N2 n ** {c2=genPrep};
   mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 = \n,p -> lin N2 n ** {c2=p};
 } ;
 
@@ -353,6 +365,11 @@ mkPN : Str -> PN = \s -> lin PN {s=s} ;
 mkLN : Str -> LN = \s -> lin LN {s=s} ;
 mkGN : Str -> GN = \s -> lin GN {s=s} ;
 mkSN : Str -> SN = \s -> lin SN {s=s} ;
+mkPron : (nom,acc,dat,loc,gen,instr,ablat : Str) -> Person -> Number -> Pron =
+  \nom,acc,dat,loc,gen,instr,ablat,p,n -> lin Pron {
+    s = table {Nom=>nom; Acc=>acc; Dat=>dat; Loc=>loc; Gen=>gen; Instr=>instr; Ablat=>ablat};
+    a = {p=p; n=n}
+  } ;
 
 mkV = overload {
   mkV : Str -> V = regV;   -- Infinitive
@@ -361,7 +378,7 @@ mkV = overload {
 } ;
 
 mkV2 = overload {
-  mkV2 : V -> V2 = \v -> lin V2 v ** {c2=noPrep} ;
+  mkV2 : V -> V2 = \v -> lin V2 v ** {c2=accPrep} ;
   mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 = \v,p -> lin V2 v ** {c2=p} ;
 } ;
 
@@ -371,32 +388,32 @@ mkVQ : V -> VQ = \v -> lin VQ v ;
 mkVA : V -> VA = \v -> lin VA v ;
 
 mkV2V = overload {
-  mkV2V : V -> V2V = \v -> lin V2V v ** {c2,c3=noPrep} ;
+  mkV2V : V -> V2V = \v -> lin V2V v ** {c2=accPrep; c3=noPrep} ;
   mkV2V : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V = \v,p2,p3 -> lin V2V v ** {c2=p2; c3=p3} ;
 } ;
 
 mkV2S = overload {
-  mkV2S : V -> V2S = \v -> lin V2S v ** {c2,c3=noPrep} ;
+  mkV2S : V -> V2S = \v -> lin V2S v ** {c2=accPrep; c3=noPrep} ;
   mkV2S : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2S = \v,p2,p3 -> lin V2S v ** {c2=p2; c3=p3} ;
 } ;
 
 mkV2Q = overload {
-  mkV2Q : V -> V2Q = \v -> lin V2Q v ** {c2,c3=noPrep} ;
+  mkV2Q : V -> V2Q = \v -> lin V2Q v ** {c2=accPrep; c3=noPrep} ;
   mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2Q = \v,p2,p3 -> lin V2Q v ** {c2=p2; c3=p3} ;
 } ;
 
 mkV2A = overload {
-  mkV2A : V -> V2A = \v -> lin V2A v ** {c2,c3=noPrep} ;
+  mkV2A : V -> V2A = \v -> lin V2A v ** {c2=accPrep; c3=noPrep} ;
   mkV2A : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A = \v,p2,p3 -> lin V2A v ** {c2=p2; c3=p3} ;
 } ;
 
 mkV3 = overload {
-  mkV3 : V -> V3 = \v -> lin V3 v ** {c2,c3=noPrep} ;
+  mkV3 : V -> V3 = \v -> lin V3 v ** {c2=datPrep; c3=accPrep} ;
   mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 = \v,p2,p3 -> lin V3 v ** {c2=p2; c3=p3} ;
 } ;
 
 mkA : Str -> A = \s -> lin A {s=s} ;
-mkA2 : A -> A2 = \a -> lin A2 a ** {c2=noPrep} ;
+mkA2 : A -> A2 = \a -> lin A2 a ** {c2=datPrep} ;
 
 mkAdv : Str -> Adv = \s -> lin Adv {s=s} ;
 mkAdV : Str -> AdV = \s -> lin AdV {s=s} ;
@@ -407,7 +424,13 @@ mkInterj : Str -> Interj = \s -> lin Interj {s=s} ;
 
 mkVoc : Str -> Voc = \s -> lin Voc {s=s} ;
 
-mkPrep : Str -> Prep = \s -> lin Prep {s=s} ;
+mkPrep = overload {
-noPrep : Prep = lin Prep {s=""} ;
+  mkPrep : Str -> Prep = \s -> lin Prep {s=s; c=Nom} ;
+  mkPrep : Str -> Case -> Prep = \s,c -> lin Prep {s=s; c=c}
+} ;
+noPrep : Prep = lin Prep {s=""; c=Nom} ;
+accPrep : Prep = lin Prep {s=""; c=Acc} ;
+datPrep : Prep = lin Prep {s=""; c=Dat} ;
+genPrep : Prep = lin Prep {s=""; c=Gen} ;
 
 }

src/kazakh/PhraseKaz.gf

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 concrete PhraseKaz of Phrase = CatKaz ** open Prelude, ResKaz in {
 
   lin
-    PhrUtt pconj utt voc = {s = pconj.s ++ utt.s ++ voc.s} ;
+    PhrUtt pc u voc = {s=pc.s ++ u.s ++ voc.s} ;
-
+    UttS s = s ; UttQS s = s ; UttNP np = {s=np.s ! Nom} ; UttCN cn = {s=cn.s ! Nom ! Sg} ;
-    UttS s = s ;
+    UttAP ap = ap ; UttAdv adv = adv ; UttIP ip = ip ; UttInterj i = i ;
-    UttInterj i = i ;
+    UttImpSg pol imp = {s=imp.s ! rglPolarity pol.p ! Informal ! Sg} ;
-
+    UttImpPl pol imp = {s=imp.s ! rglPolarity pol.p ! Informal ! Pl} ;
-    NoPConj = {s = []} ;
+    UttImpPol pol imp = {s=imp.s ! rglPolarity pol.p ! Formal ! Sg} ;
-
+    UttVP vp = {s=vp.infinitive} ;
-    NoVoc = {s = []} ;
+    VocNP np = {s=np.s ! Nom} ; NoVoc = {s=[]} ; NoPConj = {s=[]} ;
-
 }

src/kazakh/QuestionKaz.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+concrete QuestionKaz of Question = CatKaz ** open ResKaz, ParadigmsKaz in {
+  lin
+    QuestCl cl = cl ;
+    QuestVP ip vp = mkClause {s=\\_ => ip.s;a=defaultAgr} vp ;
+    QuestSlash ip cl = cl ;
+    QuestIAdv i cl = {
+      pres=\\p => i.s ++ cl.pres ! p;
+      past=\\p => i.s ++ cl.past ! p;
+      fut=\\p => i.s ++ cl.fut ! p;
+      cond=\\p => i.s ++ cl.cond ! p;
+      anter=\\p => i.s ++ cl.anter ! p
+    } ;
+    QuestIComp i np = mkClause np (prefixVerb i.s (mkV "болу")) ;
+    IdetCN det cn = {s=det.s ++ cn.s ! Nom ! det.n} ;
+    IdetIP det = {s=det.s} ;
+    IdetQuant q num = {s=q.s ++ num.s;n=num.n} ;
+    AdvIP ip adv = {s=adv.s ++ ip.s} ;
+    PrepIP prep ip = {s=ip.s ++ prep.s} ;
+    AdvIAdv i adv = {s=adv.s ++ i.s} ;
+    CompIP ip = ip ;
+}

src/kazakh/RelativeKaz.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+concrete RelativeKaz of Relative = CatKaz ** open ResKaz, (P = ParamX) in {
+  lin
+    IdRP = {s=""} ;
+    RelVP rp vp = {s=rp.s ++ vp.infinitive} ;
+    RelSlash rp cl = {s=rp.s ++ cl.pres ! P.Pos} ;
+}

src/kazakh/ResKaz.gf

@@ -1,11 +1,35 @@
-resource ResKaz = {
+resource ResKaz = open (P = ParamX) in {
-
-oper Compl = {s : Str} ;
 
 param Case = Nom | Acc | Dat | Loc | Gen | Instr | Ablat ;
+oper Compl = {s : Str; c : Case} ;
 param Number = Sg | Pl ;
 param Person = P1 | P2 Formality | P3 ;
 param Formality = Informal | Formal ;
+oper Agr = {p : Person; n : Number} ;
+-- MorphoKaz's generated possessive tables use the two P2 labels in the
+-- opposite order from verbal agreement.  Normalize them at noun lookup.
+oper nounPerson : Person -> Person = \p -> case p of {
+  P2 Informal => P2 Formal;
+  P2 Formal => P2 Informal;
+  _ => p
+  } ;
+-- The source morphology has no separate second/third-person forms for a
+-- plural possessor.  Kazakh uses the same possessive ending in these cells;
+-- plurality is already expressed by the possessor NP/pronoun.
+oper possForm : Noun -> Number -> Person -> Number -> Str = \noun,owner,p,n ->
+  noun.poss ! case <owner,p> of {
+    <Pl,P2 _> => Sg ;
+    <Pl,P3> => Sg ;
+    _ => owner
+  } ! p ! n ;
+param Possessor = NoPoss | Poss Person Number ;
+oper Clause = {
+  pres : P.Polarity => Str;
+  past : P.Polarity => Str;
+  fut  : P.Polarity => Str;
+  cond : P.Polarity => Str;
+  anter : P.Polarity => Str
+  } ;
 oper Noun = {s: Case => Number => Str; poss: Number => Person => Number => Str} ; -- 1651
 oper mkNoun : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Noun =
        \f1,f2,f3,f4,f5,f6,f7,f8,f9,f10,f11,f12,f13,f14,f15,f16,f17,f18,f19,f20,f21,f22,f23,f24,f25,f26,f27,f28,f29,f30 ->
@@ -321,6 +345,58 @@ oper mkVerb : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_
                           }
           } ;
 
+oper mapVerb : (Str -> Str) -> Verb -> Verb = \f,v -> {
+  infinitive = f v.infinitive ;
+  indicative = {
+    fut = f v.indicative.fut ;
+    pres = {
+      progressive = \\pol,p,n => f (v.indicative.pres.progressive ! pol ! p ! n) ;
+      noAspect = \\pol,p,n => f (v.indicative.pres.noAspect ! pol ! p ! n)
+      } ;
+    past = {
+      perfect = \\pol,p,n => f (v.indicative.past.perfect ! pol ! p ! n) ;
+      progressive = \\pol,p,n => f (v.indicative.past.progressive ! pol ! p ! n) ;
+      noAspect = \\pol,p,n => f (v.indicative.past.noAspect ! pol ! p ! n)
+      }
+    } ;
+  imperative = \\pol,form,n => f (v.imperative ! pol ! form ! n) ;
+  subjunctive = \\p,n => f (v.subjunctive ! p ! n)
+  } ;
 
+oper prefixVerb : Str -> Verb -> Verb = \x,v -> mapVerb (\s -> x ++ s) v ;
+
+oper NPForm = {s : Case => Str; a : Agr} ;
+oper defaultAgr : Agr = {p=P3; n=Sg} ;
+oper complNP : Compl -> NPForm -> Str = \c,np -> np.s ! c.c ++ c.s ;
+
+oper rglPolarity : P.Polarity -> Polarity = \pol -> case pol of {
+  P.Pos => Pos;
+  P.Neg => Neg
+  } ;
+
+oper selectVerb : Verb -> P.Tense -> P.Anteriority -> P.Polarity -> Agr -> Str =
+  \v,t,a,pol,agr -> case <t,a> of {
+    <P.Pres,P.Simul> => v.indicative.pres.noAspect ! rglPolarity pol ! agr.p ! agr.n ;
+    <P.Pres,P.Anter> => v.indicative.past.perfect ! rglPolarity pol ! agr.p ! agr.n ;
+    <P.Past,P.Simul> => v.indicative.past.noAspect ! rglPolarity pol ! agr.p ! agr.n ;
+    <P.Past,P.Anter> => v.indicative.past.perfect ! rglPolarity pol ! agr.p ! agr.n ;
+    -- The habitual/non-past form is also the ordinary future form.
+    <P.Fut,_> => v.indicative.pres.noAspect ! rglPolarity pol ! agr.p ! agr.n ;
+    <P.Cond,_> => v.subjunctive ! agr.p ! agr.n
+    } ;
+
+oper mkClause : NPForm -> Verb -> Clause = \np,vp -> {
+  pres = \\pol => np.s ! Nom ++ selectVerb vp P.Pres P.Simul pol np.a ;
+  past = \\pol => np.s ! Nom ++ selectVerb vp P.Past P.Simul pol np.a ;
+  fut = \\pol => np.s ! Nom ++ selectVerb vp P.Fut P.Simul pol np.a ;
+  cond = \\pol => np.s ! Nom ++ selectVerb vp P.Cond P.Simul pol np.a ;
+  anter = \\pol => np.s ! Nom ++ selectVerb vp P.Past P.Anter pol np.a
+  } ;
+
+oper stringClause : Str -> Clause = \s -> {
+  pres=\\_ => s; past=\\_ => s; fut=\\_ => s; cond=\\_ => s; anter=\\_ => s
+  } ;
+
+oper coord : Str -> Str -> Str -> Str = \c,x,y -> x ++ c ++ y ;
 
 }

src/kazakh/SentenceKaz.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+concrete SentenceKaz of Sentence = CatKaz ** open ResKaz, (P = ParamX) in {
+  lin
+    PredVP np vp = mkClause np vp ;
+    PredSCVP sc vp = mkClause {s=\\_ => sc.s;a=defaultAgr} vp ;
+    UseCl temp pol cl = {
+      s=case <temp.t,temp.a> of {
+          <P.Pres,P.Simul> => cl.pres ! pol.p;
+          <P.Pres,P.Anter> => cl.anter ! pol.p;
+          <P.Past,P.Simul> => cl.past ! pol.p;
+          <P.Past,P.Anter> => cl.anter ! pol.p;
+          <P.Fut,_> => cl.fut ! pol.p;
+          <P.Cond,_> => cl.cond ! pol.p
+        }
+    } ;
+    UseQCl temp pol cl = {
+      s=case <temp.t,temp.a> of {
+          <P.Pres,P.Simul> => cl.pres ! pol.p;
+          <P.Pres,P.Anter> => cl.anter ! pol.p;
+          <P.Past,P.Simul> => cl.past ! pol.p;
+          <P.Past,P.Anter> => cl.anter ! pol.p;
+          <P.Fut,_> => cl.fut ! pol.p;
+          <P.Cond,_> => cl.cond ! pol.p
+        }
+    } ;
+    UseRCl temp pol rcl = rcl ;
+    UseSlash temp pol cl = {
+      s=cl.pres ! pol.p
+    } ;
+    AdvS adv s = {
+      s=adv.s ++ s.s
+    } ;
+    ExtAdvS adv s = {s=adv.s ++ "," ++ s.s} ;
+    SSubjS a sub b = {
+      s=a.s ++ b.s ++ sub.s
+    } ;
+    RelS s rs = {
+      s=s.s ++ "," ++ rs.s
+    } ;
+    ImpVP vp = {s=vp.imperative} ;
+    AdvImp adv imp = {
+      s=\\pol,form,n => adv.s ++ imp.s ! pol ! form ! n
+    } ;
+    EmbedS s = s ;
+    EmbedQS s = s ;
+    SlashVP np vp = mkClause np vp ;
+    AdvSlash cl adv = {
+      pres=\\p => adv.s ++ cl.pres ! p;
+      past=\\p => adv.s ++ cl.past ! p;
+      fut=\\p => adv.s ++ cl.fut ! p;
+      cond=\\p => adv.s ++ cl.cond ! p;
+      anter=\\p => adv.s ++ cl.anter ! p
+    } ;
+    SlashPrep cl prep = cl ;
+    SlashVS np vs cl = mkClause np (prefixVerb cl.s vs) ;
+}

src/kazakh/VerbKaz.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+concrete VerbKaz of Verb = CatKaz ** open ResKaz, ParadigmsKaz in {
+  lin
+    UseV v = v ; SlashV2a v = v ; ComplSlash v np = prefixVerb (complNP v.c2 np) v ;
+    AdvVP vp adv = prefixVerb adv.s vp ; ExtAdvVP vp adv = prefixVerb (adv.s ++ ",") vp ;
+    AdVVP adv vp = prefixVerb adv.s vp ;
+    AdvVPSlash vp adv = lin VPSlash (prefixVerb adv.s vp ** {c2=vp.c2}) ;
+    AdVVPSlash adv vp = lin VPSlash (prefixVerb adv.s vp ** {c2=vp.c2}) ;
+    Slash2V3 v np = lin VPSlash (prefixVerb (complNP v.c2 np) v ** {c2=v.c3}) ;
+    Slash3V3 v np = lin VPSlash (prefixVerb (complNP v.c3 np) v ** {c2=v.c2}) ;
+    SlashV2S v s = lin VPSlash (prefixVerb s.s v ** {c2=v.c2}) ;
+    SlashV2Q v s = lin VPSlash (prefixVerb s.s v ** {c2=v.c2}) ;
+    SlashV2A v ap = lin VPSlash (prefixVerb ap.s v ** {c2=v.c2}) ;
+    ComplVS v s = prefixVerb s.s v ; ComplVQ v s = prefixVerb s.s v ;
+    ComplVA v ap = prefixVerb ap.s v ; ComplVV vv vp = prefixVerb vp.infinitive vv ;
+    SlashVV vv vp = lin VPSlash (prefixVerb vp.infinitive vv ** {c2=vp.c2}) ;
+    SlashV2V v vp = lin VPSlash (prefixVerb vp.infinitive v ** {c2=v.c2}) ;
+    SlashV2VNP v np vp = lin VPSlash (prefixVerb (complNP v.c2 np ++ vp.infinitive) v ** {c2=v.c3}) ;
+    UseComp comp = prefixVerb comp.s (mkV "болу") ; UseCopula = mkV "болу" ;
+    CompAP ap = ap ; CompNP np = {s=np.s ! Nom} ; CompAdv adv = adv ; CompCN cn = {s=cn.s ! Nom ! Sg} ;
+    VPSlashPrep vp prep = lin VPSlash (vp ** {c2=prep}) ;
+    PassV2 vp = prefixVerb "" vp ; ReflVP vp = vp ;
+}