diff --git a/src/persian/ParadigmsPes.gf b/src/persian/ParadigmsPes.gf
index 127c717aa..1531bd075 100644
--- a/src/persian/ParadigmsPes.gf
+++ b/src/persian/ParadigmsPes.gf
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ oper
   subjunctive : VVForm ; -- The verbal complement of VV is in subjunctive
   indicative : VVForm ;  -- The verbal complement of VV is in indicative
 
+  Mod : Type ; -- Argument to mkDet and mkPrep
+  ezafe : Mod ; -- e.g. mkPrep "برای" ezafe
+  -- poss : Mod ; -- TODO is this needed?
+  --clitic : Mod ; -- TODO is this needed?
 --2 Nouns
 
   mkN : overload {
@@ -66,9 +70,11 @@ oper
 
   mkDet = overload {
     mkDet : Str -> Number -> Det -- Takes a string, number (sg/pl) and returns a det which is not a numeral
-      = \s1,n -> lin Det (makeDet s1 n False);
-    mkDet : Str -> Number -> Bool -> Det -- Takes a string, number (sg/pl) and a Boolean for whether the det is a numeral
-      = \s1,n,b -> lin Det (makeDet s1 n b)
+      = \s,n -> lin Det (makeDet s n False);
+    mkDet : Str -> Number -> Bool -> Det -- As above + a Boolean for whether the det is a numeral
+      = \s,n,b -> lin Det (makeDet s n b) ;
+    mkDet : Str -> Number -> Bool -> Mod -> Det -- As above + Mod for which form the determiner expects its argument to be (default bare)
+      = \s,n,b,m -> lin Det (makeDet s n b ** {mod=m})
   };
 
  {-
@@ -173,8 +179,13 @@ oper
 
 ----2 Prepositions
 
-  mkPrep : Str -> Prep ; -- Takes a string, returns a preposition.
-  mkPrep str = lin Prep {s = str ; ra = []} ;
+  mkPrep = overload {
+    mkPrep : Str -> Prep -- Takes a string, returns a preposition.
+     = \str -> lin Prep {s = str ; ra = [] ; mod = Bare} ;
+    mkPrep : Str -> Mod -> Prep -- Takes a string and Mod (so far only option is ezafe), returns a preposition.
+     = \str,m -> lin Prep {s = str ; ra = [] ; mod=m}
+  } ;
+
 {-
 --3 Determiners and quantifiers
 
@@ -224,6 +235,9 @@ oper
   subjunctive = ResPes.Subj ;
   indicative = Indic ;
 
+  Mod = ResPes.Mod ;
+  ezafe = ResPes.Ezafe ;
+
 -- Removed mkV_1, mkV_2, mkN01 and mkN02 from public API, still available for
 -- any applications that open ParadigmsPes. /IL 2019-02-08
   mkV_1 : Str -> V
@@ -329,15 +343,15 @@ oper
     mkV2 : V -> Str -> V2
       = \v,ra -> lin V2 (v ** {c2 = prepOrRa ra}) ;
     mkV2 : V -> Str -> Bool -> V2
-      = \v,p,b -> lin V2 (v ** {c2 = {ra = [] ; s = p}}) ;
+      = \v,p,b -> lin V2 (v ** {c2 = {ra = [] ; s = p ; mod=Bare}}) ;
     } ;
 
   prepOrRa : Str -> Compl = \s -> case s of {
-    "را" => {s = [] ; ra = "را"} ;
-    prep  => {s = prep ; ra = []}
+    "را" => {s = [] ; ra = "را" ; mod=Bare} ;
+    prep  => {s = prep ; ra = []; mod=Bare}
     } ;
 
-  mkPost : Str -> Prep = \s -> lin Prep {s=[] ; ra=s} ;
+  mkPost : Str -> Prep = \s -> lin Prep {s=[] ; ra=s ; mod=Bare} ;
 
   mkN2 = overload {
     mkN2 : Str -> N2 -- Predictable N2 without complement
diff --git a/src/persian/ResPes.gf b/src/persian/ResPes.gf
index ffbae8722..cca04f258 100644
--- a/src/persian/ResPes.gf
+++ b/src/persian/ResPes.gf
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ oper
       vp.comp ! agr ++ vp.prefix ++ vp.s ! vf  -- vp.ad is missing on purpose! we add it in insertVV.
    ++ vp.obj ++ vp.vComp ! agr ! VVPres ++ vp.embComp ;
 
-  Compl : Type = {s : Str ; ra : Str} ;
+  Compl : Type = {s : Str ; ra : Str ; mod : Mod} ;
 
   VPHSlash : Type = VPH ** {
     c2 : Compl ;        -- prep or ra for the complement
@@ -126,14 +126,14 @@ oper
 ---------------------
 -- VP complementation
 ---------------------
-  appComp : Compl -> Str -> Str = \c2,obj ->
-    c2.s ++ obj ++ c2.ra ;
+  appComp : Compl -> (Mod=>Str) -> Str = \c2,obj ->
+    c2.s ++ obj ! c2.mod ++ c2.ra ;
 
   insertComp : (Agr => Str) -> VPH -> VPH = \obj,vp -> vp ** {
     comp = \\a => vp.comp ! a ++ obj ! a
     } ;
 
-  insertCompPre : (Agr=>Str) -> VPHSlash -> VPH = \obj,vp -> vp ** {
+  insertCompPre : (Agr=>Mod=>Str) -> VPHSlash -> VPH = \obj,vp -> vp ** {
     comp = \\a => appComp vp.c2 (obj ! a) ++ vp.comp ! a
     } ;
 
@@ -152,8 +152,7 @@ oper
     } ;
 
   complSlash : VPHSlash -> NP -> VPH = \vp,np -> vp ** {
-    comp = \\a => appComp vp.c2 (np.s ! Bare)
-               ++ np.compl ++ vp.comp ! a ;
+    comp = \\a => appComp vp.c2 np.s ++ vp.comp ! a ;
     obj = vp.obj ++ vp.agrObj ! np.a -- "beg her to buy", buy agrees with her
   } ;
 
@@ -264,14 +263,13 @@ oper
 -- Reflexive pronouns
 -----------------------------------
 
-  reflPron : Agr => Str = table {
-    Ag Sg P1 => "خودم" ;
-    Ag Sg P2 => "خودت" ;
-    Ag Sg P3 => "خودش" ;
-    Ag Pl P1 => "خودمان" ;
-    Ag Pl P2 => "خودتان" ;
-    Ag Pl P3 => "خودشان"
-
+  reflPron : Agr => Mod => Str = table {
+    Ag Sg P1 => modTable "خودم" ;
+    Ag Sg P2 => modTable "خودت" ;
+    Ag Sg P3 => modTable "خودش" ;
+    Ag Pl P1 => modTable "خودمان" ;
+    Ag Pl P2 => modTable "خودتان" ;
+    Ag Pl P3 => modTable "خودشان"
     } ;
 
   getPron : Animacy -> Number -> Str = \ani,number ->
diff --git a/src/persian/StructuralPes.gf b/src/persian/StructuralPes.gf
index 81631cc53..e8f110ed5 100644
--- a/src/persian/StructuralPes.gf
+++ b/src/persian/StructuralPes.gf
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ concrete StructuralPes of Structural = CatPes **
 --  everything_NP = R.indeclNP ["هر XE"]));
   everywhere_Adv = ss ["هر جا"] ;
   few_Det = mkDet ["تعداد کمی"] Pl True; -- check
-  for_Prep = mkPrep "برای" ;
+  for_Prep = mkPrep "برای" Ezafe ;
   from_Prep = mkPrep "از" ;
   he_Pron = R.agr2pron ! Ag Sg P3 ;
   here_Adv = ss "اینجا" ;
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ concrete StructuralPes of Structural = CatPes **
   in_Prep = mkPrep "در" ;
   it_Pron  = R.agr2pron ! Ag Sg P3;
   less_CAdv = {s = "کمتر" ; p = ""} ;
-  many_Det = mkDet ["تعداد زیادی"] Pl True; -- check
+  many_Det = mkDet "بسیار" Pl False Ezafe ;
   more_CAdv = {s = "بیشتر" ; p = "" } ;
   most_Predet = ss "اکثر";
   much_Det = mkDet ["مقدار زیادی"]  Pl ;
@@ -133,9 +133,6 @@ have_V2 = haveVerb ** {
         VSubj _ (Ag Pl P2) => "داشته باشید" ;
         VSubj _ (Ag Pl P3) => "داشته باشند" ;
         x => haveVerb.s ! x } ;
-  c2 = {
-    s  = [] ;
-    ra = [] --- "را" ;  ---- AR 18/9/2017: usually no ra acc. to Nasrin, but this is tricky
-    }
+  c2 = prepOrRa [] -- "را" ;  ---- AR 18/9/2017: usually no ra acc. to Nasrin, but this is tricky
   } ;
 }
diff --git a/src/persian/VerbPes.gf b/src/persian/VerbPes.gf
index 368a9a7a9..1611e0b25 100644
--- a/src/persian/VerbPes.gf
+++ b/src/persian/VerbPes.gf
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ concrete VerbPes of Verb = CatPes ** open ResPes,Prelude in {
     ComplVV = insertVV ;
     ComplVS v s  = embComp (conjThat ++ s.s ! Indic) (predV v) ;
     ComplVQ v q  = embComp (conjThat ++ q.s)         (predV v) ;
-    ComplVA v ap = insertObj (appComp v.c2 (ap.s ! Bare)) (predV v) ; -- check form of adjective
+    ComplVA v ap = insertObj (appComp v.c2 ap.s)     (predV v) ; -- check form of adjective
 
     SlashVV vv vps = vps ** ComplVV vv vps ;
     SlashV2S v s  = predVc v ** embComp (conjThat ++ s.s ! Indic) (predV v) ;
     SlashV2Q v q  = predVc v ** embComp q.s (predV v) ;
-    SlashV2A v ap = predVc v ** insertObj (appComp v.c2 (ap.s ! Bare)) (predV v) ; ---- paint it red , check form of adjective
+    SlashV2A v ap = predVc v ** insertObj (appComp v.c2 ap.s)     (predV v) ; ---- paint it red , check form of adjective
 
     -- : V2V -> VP -> VPSlash ;  -- beg (her) to go
     SlashV2V v2v vp = predVc v2v ** {
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ concrete VerbPes of Verb = CatPes ** open ResPes,Prelude in {
     -- : V2V -> NP -> VPSlash -> VPSlash ; -- beg me to buy
     SlashV2VNP v2v np vps = predVc v2v ** {
       comp = \\a => if_then_Str v2v.isAux conjThat [] -- that
-                 ++ appComp v2v.c2 (np.s ! Bare) ;    -- I
-                                                        -- ∅ is placed in comp
-      vComp = \\_,_ => showVPH (case v2v.compl of {      -- buy
+                 ++ appComp v2v.c2 np.s ;             -- I
+                                                      -- ∅ is placed in comp
+      vComp = \\_,_ => showVPH (case v2v.compl of {   -- buy
                                   Subj  => VSubj Pos np.a ;
                                   Indic => VAor  Pos np.a })
                                np.a -- agreement fixed to np.a