diff --git a/src/chinese/AdverbChi.gf b/src/chinese/AdverbChi.gf
index 73876c496..8a50ddd90 100644
--- a/src/chinese/AdverbChi.gf
+++ b/src/chinese/AdverbChi.gf
@@ -2,19 +2,19 @@ concrete AdverbChi of Adverb = CatChi **
   open ResChi, Prelude in {
 
   lin
-    PositAdvAdj a = {s = a.s ++ "地" ; advType = ATManner} ; ---- for all adjs?
+    PositAdvAdj a = {s = a.s ++ "地" ; advType = ATManner ; hasDe = False} ; ---- for all adjs?
 
-    PrepNP prep np = ss (appPrep prep np.s) ** {advType = prep.advType} ; --- should depend on np too ? 
+    PrepNP prep np = ss (appPrep prep np.s) ** {advType = prep.advType ; hasDe = prep.hasDe} ; --- should depend on np too ? 
 
-    ComparAdvAdj cadv a np = ss (a.s ++ cadv.s ++ cadv.p ++ np.s) ** {advType = ATManner} ;
+    ComparAdvAdj cadv a np = ss (a.s ++ cadv.s ++ cadv.p ++ np.s) ** {advType = ATManner ; hasDe = False} ;
 
-    ComparAdvAdjS cadv a s = ss (a.s ++ cadv.s ++ cadv.p ++ s.s) ** {advType = ATManner} ;
+    ComparAdvAdjS cadv a s = ss (a.s ++ cadv.s ++ cadv.p ++ s.s) ** {advType = ATManner ; hasDe = False} ;
 
-    AdAdv adv ad = ss (ad.s ++ adv.s) ** {advType = ad.advType} ;
+    AdAdv ad adv = adv ** {s = ad.s ++ adv.s} ;
 
-    SubjS subj s = ss (subj.prePart ++ s.s ++ subj.sufPart)  ** {advType = ATTime} ;
+    SubjS subj s = ss (subj.prePart ++ s.s ++ subj.sufPart)  ** {advType = ATTime ; hasDe = False} ;
 
-    AdnCAdv cadv = ss (cadv.s ++ conjThat) ** {advType = ATManner} ; -----
+    AdnCAdv cadv = ss (cadv.s ++ conjThat) ** {advType = ATManner ; hasDe = False} ; -----
 
     PositAdAAdj a = {s = a.s} ; ----
 
diff --git a/src/chinese/CatChi.gf b/src/chinese/CatChi.gf
index b65edceb6..679846ced 100644
--- a/src/chinese/CatChi.gf
+++ b/src/chinese/CatChi.gf
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ concrete CatChi of Cat = CommonX - [Tense, Temp, Ant, Adv] ** open ResChi, Prelu
     Ord = {s : Str} ;
     Num = {s : Str ; numType : NumType} ;
 
-    Adv = {s : Str ; advType : AdvType} ;
+    Adv = {s : Str ; advType : AdvType ; hasDe : Bool} ;
 
 -- Numeral
 
diff --git a/src/chinese/ConjunctionChi.gf b/src/chinese/ConjunctionChi.gf
index bc5abeab0..e507667ae 100644
--- a/src/chinese/ConjunctionChi.gf
+++ b/src/chinese/ConjunctionChi.gf
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ concrete ConjunctionChi of Conjunction = CatChi ** open ResChi, Prelude, Coordin
   lin
 
     ConjS c = conjunctDistrSS (c.s ! CSent) ;
-    ConjAdv c as = conjunctDistrSS (c.s ! CSent) as ** {advType = as.advType} ; ---- ??
+    ConjAdv c as = conjunctDistrSS (c.s ! CSent) as ** {advType = as.advType ; hasDe = as.hasDe} ; ---- ??
     ConjNP c = conjunctDistrSS (c.s ! CPhr CNPhrase) ;
-    ConjAP c as = conjunctDistrSS (c.s ! CPhr CAPhrase) as ** {monoSyl = False ; hasAdA = True} ; ---- ??
+    ConjAP c as = conjunctDistrSS (c.s ! CPhr CAPhrase) as ** {monoSyl = notB as.monoSyl ; hasAdA = True} ; ---- add de iff as doesn't
     ConjRS c = conjunctDistrSS (c.s ! CSent) ;
     ConjCN c ns = conjunctDistrSS (c.s ! CPhr CNPhrase) ns ** {c = ns.c} ; 
 
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ concrete ConjunctionChi of Conjunction = CatChi ** open ResChi, Prelude, Coordin
 
     BaseS = twoSS ;
     ConsS = consrSS duncomma ;
-    BaseAdv x y = twoSS x y ** {advType = x.advType} ; ---- ??
-    ConsAdv x xs = consrSS duncomma x xs ** {advType = x.advType} ; ---- ??
+    BaseAdv x y = twoSS x y ** {advType = x.advType ; hasDe = y.hasDe} ; ---- ??
+    ConsAdv x xs = consrSS duncomma x xs ** {advType = x.advType ; hasDe = xs.hasDe} ; ---- ??
     BaseNP = twoSS ;
     ConsNP = consrSS duncomma ;
-    BaseAP = twoSS ;
-    ConsAP = consrSS duncomma ;
+    BaseAP x y = twoSS x y ** {monoSyl = y.monoSyl} ;
+    ConsAP x xs = consrSS duncomma x xs ** {monoSyl = xs.monoSyl} ;
     BaseRS = twoSS ;
     ConsRS = consrSS duncomma ;
     BaseCN x y = twoSS x y ** {c = x.c} ;  --- classified comes from first part ; should it rather be ge?
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ concrete ConjunctionChi of Conjunction = CatChi ** open ResChi, Prelude, Coordin
 
   lincat
     [S] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
-    [Adv] = {s1,s2 : Str ; advType : AdvType} ;
+    [Adv] = {s1,s2 : Str ; advType : AdvType ; hasDe : Bool} ;
     [NP] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
-    [AP] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
+    [AP] = {s1,s2 : Str ; monoSyl : Bool} ;
     [RS] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
     [CN] = {s1,s2 : Str ; c : Str} ;
 
diff --git a/src/chinese/ConstructionChi.gf b/src/chinese/ConstructionChi.gf
index 0202f2b9c..c6032b857 100644
--- a/src/chinese/ConstructionChi.gf
+++ b/src/chinese/ConstructionChi.gf
@@ -36,16 +36,16 @@ lincat
   Month = N ;
   Year = NP ;
 lin
-  weekdayPunctualAdv w = lin Adv {s = w.s ; advType = timeAdvType} ;
-  weekdayHabitualAdv w = lin Adv {s = w.s ; advType = timeAdvType} ;
-  weekdayNextAdv w = lin Adv {s = "下" ++ w.s ; advType = timeAdvType} ;
-  weekdayLastAdv w = lin Adv {s = "上" ++ w.s ; advType = timeAdvType} ;
+  weekdayPunctualAdv w = lin Adv {s = w.s ; advType = timeAdvType ; hasDe = False} ;
+  weekdayHabitualAdv w = lin Adv {s = w.s ; advType = timeAdvType ; hasDe = False} ;
+  weekdayNextAdv w = lin Adv {s = "下" ++ w.s ; advType = timeAdvType ; hasDe = False} ;
+  weekdayLastAdv w = lin Adv {s = "上" ++ w.s ; advType = timeAdvType ; hasDe = False} ;
 
-  monthAdv m = lin Adv {s = m.s ; advType = timeAdvType} ;
-  yearAdv y = lin Adv {s = y.s ++ "年" ; advType = timeAdvType} ;
-  dayMonthAdv d m = lin Adv {s = m.s ++ d.s ++ "日" ; advType = timeAdvType} ;
-  monthYearAdv m y = lin Adv {s = y.s ++ "年" ++ m.s ; advType = timeAdvType} ;
-  dayMonthYearAdv d m y = lin Adv {s = y.s ++ "年"  ++ m.s ++ d.s ++ "日" ; advType = timeAdvType} ;
+  monthAdv m = lin Adv {s = m.s ; advType = timeAdvType ; hasDe = False} ;
+  yearAdv y = lin Adv {s = y.s ++ "年" ; advType = timeAdvType ; hasDe = False} ;
+  dayMonthAdv d m = lin Adv {s = m.s ++ d.s ++ "日" ; advType = timeAdvType ; hasDe = False} ;
+  monthYearAdv m y = lin Adv {s = y.s ++ "年" ++ m.s ; advType = timeAdvType ; hasDe = False} ;
+  dayMonthYearAdv d m y = lin Adv {s = y.s ++ "年"  ++ m.s ++ d.s ++ "日" ; advType = timeAdvType ; hasDe = False} ;
 
   intYear i = lin NP i ;
   intMonthday i = lin NP i ;
diff --git a/src/chinese/NounChi.gf b/src/chinese/NounChi.gf
index 9277ce35d..4a4a330b4 100644
--- a/src/chinese/NounChi.gf
+++ b/src/chinese/NounChi.gf
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ concrete NounChi of Noun = CatChi ** open ResChi, Prelude in {
 
     PPartNP np v2 = mkNP ((predV v2 v2.part).verb.s ++ possessive_s ++ np.s) ; ---- ??
 
-    AdvNP np adv = mkNP (adv.s ++ possessiveIf adv.advType ++ np.s) ;
-    ExtAdvNP np adv = mkNP (adv.s ++ possessiveIf adv.advType ++ embedInCommas np.s) ; ---- commas?
+    AdvNP np adv = mkNP (adv.s ++ possessiveIf adv.hasDe ++ np.s) ;
+    ExtAdvNP np adv = mkNP (adv.s ++ possessiveIf adv.hasDe ++ embedInCommas np.s) ; ---- commas?
 
     DetQuant quant num = {
       s = case num.numType of {
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ concrete NounChi of Noun = CatChi ** open ResChi, Prelude in {
             } ;
 
     RelCN cn rs = {s = rs.s ++ cn.s ; c = cn.c} ;
-    AdvCN cn ad = {s = ad.s ++ possessiveIf ad.advType ++ cn.s ; c = cn.c} ;
+    AdvCN cn ad = {s = ad.s ++ possessiveIf ad.hasDe ++ cn.s ; c = cn.c} ;
     SentCN cn cs = {s = cs.s ++ cn.s ; c = cn.c} ;
     ApposCN cn np = {s = np.s ++ cn.s ; c = cn.c} ;
 
diff --git a/src/chinese/ParadigmsChi.gf b/src/chinese/ParadigmsChi.gf
index 269bfbc44..6ec08c2f4 100644
--- a/src/chinese/ParadigmsChi.gf
+++ b/src/chinese/ParadigmsChi.gf
@@ -145,13 +145,13 @@ oper
 
   mkAdv = overload {
     mkAdv : Str -> Adv 
-      = \s -> lin Adv {s = word s ; advType = getAdvType s} ;
+      = \s -> let at = getAdvType s in lin Adv {s = word s ; advType = at ; hasDe = advTypeHasDe at} ;
     mkAdv : Str -> Str -> Adv 
-      = \s,t -> lin Adv {s = word (s + t) ; advType = getAdvType s} ; ----
+      = \s,t -> let at = getAdvType s in lin Adv {s = word (s + t) ; advType = at ; hasDe = advTypeHasDe at} ; ----
     mkAdv : Str -> AdvType -> Adv 
-      = \s,at -> lin Adv {s = word s ; advType = at} ;
+      = \s,at -> lin Adv {s = word s ; advType = at ; hasDe = advTypeHasDe at} ;
     mkAdv : Adv -> AdvType -> Adv -- To fix the AdvType in an Adv produced by SyntaxChi.mkAdv 
-      = \adv,at -> adv ** {advType = at} ;
+      = \adv,at -> adv ** {advType = at ; hasDe = advTypeHasDe at} ;
 
     } ;
 
diff --git a/src/chinese/ResChi.gf b/src/chinese/ResChi.gf
index ba96bceea..e30a87941 100644
--- a/src/chinese/ResChi.gf
+++ b/src/chinese/ResChi.gf
@@ -250,13 +250,19 @@ oper
     s = word s
     } ;
 
-  Preposition = {prepPre : Str ; prepPost : Str ; advType : AdvType} ;  
+  Preposition = {prepPre : Str ; prepPost : Str ; advType : AdvType ; hasDe : Bool} ;  
     
   mkPreposition : Str -> Str -> AdvType -> Preposition = \s1,s2,at -> {
     prepPre  = word s1 ;
     prepPost = word s2 ;
-    advType = at
+    advType  = at ;
+    hasDe = advTypeHasDe at ;
     } ;
+
+  advTypeHasDe : AdvType -> Bool = \at -> case at of {
+      ATPoss => True ;
+      _ => False
+      } ; 
     
   getAdvType : Str -> AdvType = \s -> case s of {
     "的"     => ATPoss ;
@@ -264,8 +270,8 @@ oper
     _ => ATPlace False         -- uncertain whether ATPlace
     } ;
 
-  possessiveIf : AdvType -> Str = \at -> case at of {
-    ATPoss => [] ;   --- to avoid double "de" 
+  possessiveIf : Bool -> Str = \hasDe -> case hasDe of {
+    True => [] ;   --- to avoid double "de" 
     _ => possessive_s
     } ;