-------------------------------------------------------------- -- Basics Lang: DetCN (DetQuant IndefArt NumSg) (RelCN (UseN cat_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelVP IdRP (UseV walk_V)))) LangEng: a cat that walks LangMay: kucing yang jalan Lang: DetCN (DetQuant IndefArt NumSg) (RelCN (UseN cat_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelVP IdRP (ComplSlash (SlashV2a drink_V2) (MassNP (UseN milk_N)))))) LangEng: a cat that drinks milk LangMay: kucing yang minum susu Lang: MassNP (RelCN (UseN milk_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelSlash IdRP (SlashVP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (UseN cat_N)) (SlashV2a drink_V2))))) LangEng: milk that the cat drinks LangMay: susu yang kucing minum -- NB. if you feel tempted to rephrase because nobody says this in real life, that's not the point here. -- We can find another RGL tree that produces the more natural variant. This tree produces this variant. Lang: DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (RelCN (UseN cat_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelSlash IdRP (SlashPrep (PredVP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (UseN dog_N)) (UseV walk_V)) with_Prep)))) LangEng: the cat that the dog walks with LangMay: kucing yang anjing jalan dengannya -------------------------------------------------------------- -- Determiner placement -- TODO check determiner placement? Lang: DetCN (DetQuant this_Quant NumSg) (RelCN (UseN cat_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelVP IdRP (UseV walk_V)))) LangEng: this cat that walks LangMay: kucing ini yang jalan Lang: DetCN (DetQuant (PossPron i_Pron) NumSg) (RelCN (UseN cat_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelVP IdRP (ComplSlash (SlashV2a drink_V2) (MassNP (UseN milk_N)))))) LangEng: my cat that drinks milk LangMay: kucing saya yang minum susu -- TODO verb form? Lang: UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (DetNP (DetQuant this_Quant NumSg)) (UseComp (CompNP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (RelCN (UseN cat_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelVP IdRP (UseV walk_V)))))))) LangEng: this is the cat that walks LangMay: ini kucing yang jalan -------------------------------------------------------------- -- Complex example: "the book that his/her father gave him/her" -- 1. His father gave him a book Lang: UseCl (TTAnt TPast ASimul) PPos (PredVP (MassNP (ComplN2 father_N2 (UsePron he_Pron))) (ComplSlash (Slash2V3 give_V3 (MassNP (UseN book_N))) (UsePron he_Pron))) LangMay: bapanya memberi buku kepadanya -- 2. A book that her father gave her -- TODO: would it be better as "buku yang bapanya beri kepadanya"? (Or any other variation?) Lang: DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (RelCN (UseN book_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPast ASimul) PPos (RelSlash IdRP (SlashVP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (ComplN2 father_N2 (UsePron she_Pron))) (Slash3V3 give_V3 (UsePron she_Pron)))))) LangMay: buku yang bapanya beri dia -- The preposition "kepada" comes from the definition of give_V3 in LexiconMay.gf. -- If "buku yang bapanya beri kepadanya" is correct in general, but sometimes -- we want to say "buku yang bapanya beri", we can create a coercion function -- from V3 to V2: just drop the indirect object preposition. -- That is easy to do in an application grammar. -- If we want to do this consistently: always drop the indirect object in a relative clause, -- i.e. never say "buku yang bapanya beri kepada(ku/mu/nya)" -- then we can do it in the resource grammar. -- I want to read the book that my father gave me -- TODO check: would "saya mahu baca buku yang bapaku beri kepadaku" be better? Lang: UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (ComplSlash (SlashVV want_VV (SlashV2a read_V2)) (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (RelCN (UseN book_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPast ASimul) PPos (RelSlash IdRP (SlashVP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (ComplN2 father_N2 (UsePron i_Pron))) (Slash3V3 give_V3 (UsePron i_Pron))))))))) LangMay: saya mahu baca buku yang bapaku beri saya -- I want to read the book that my father read Lang: UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (ComplSlash (SlashVV want_VV (SlashV2a read_V2)) (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (RelCN (UseN book_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPast ASimul) PPos (RelSlash IdRP (SlashVP (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (ComplN2 father_N2 (UsePron i_Pron))) (SlashV2a read_V2)))))))) LangMay: saya mahu baca buku yang bapaku baca -- bonus tree: we can also generate "bapa saya", not just "bapaku" Lang: UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (ComplVV want_VV (ComplSlash (SlashV2a read_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (RelCN (UseN book_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPast ASimul) PPos (RelSlash IdRP (SlashVP (DetCN (DetQuant (PossPron i_Pron) NumSg) (UseN2 father_N2)) (SlashV2a read_V2))))))))) LangMay: saya mahu baca buku yang bapa saya baca