forked from GitHub/gf-rgl
161 lines
4.4 KiB
Plaintext
161 lines
4.4 KiB
Plaintext
--1 Scandinavian Word Classes and Morphological Parameters
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--
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-- This is a resource module for Swedish morphology, defining the
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-- morphological parameters and word classes of Swedish. It is aimed
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-- to be complete w.r.t. the description of word forms.
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-- However, it does not include those parameters that are not needed for
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-- analysing individual words: such parameters are defined in syntax modules.
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--
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-- This GF grammar was obtained from the functional morphology file TypesSw.hs
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-- semi-automatically. The GF inflection engine obtained was obtained automatically.
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interface TypesScand = {
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--
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--2 Enumerated parameter types
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--
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-- These types are the ones found in school grammars.
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-- Their parameter values are atomic.
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param
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Gender ;
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Number = Sg | Pl ;
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Species = Indef | Def ;
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Case = Nom | Gen ;
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Sex = NoMasc | Masc ;
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Mode = Ind | Cnj ;
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Voice = Act | Pass ;
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Degree = Pos | Comp | Sup ;
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Person = P1 | P2 | P3 ;
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--2 Word classes and hierarchical parameter types
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--
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-- Real parameter types (i.e. ones on which words and phrases depend)
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-- are mostly hierarchical. The alternative would be cross-products of
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-- simple parameters, but this would usually overgenerate.
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--
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--3 Substantives
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--
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-- Substantives (= common nouns) have a parameter of type SubstForm.
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param SubstForm = SF Number Species Case ;
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-- Substantives moreover have an inherent gender.
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oper Subst : Type = {s : SubstForm => Str ; h1 : Gender} ;
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neutrum, utrum : Gender ;
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--3 Adjectives
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--
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-- Adjectives are a very complex class, and the full table has as many as
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-- 18 different forms. The major division is between the comparison degrees;
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-- the comparative has only the 2 case forms, whereas the positive has 12 forms.
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param
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AdjForm = AF AdjFormGrad Case ;
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-- The positive strong forms depend on gender: "en stor bil" - "ett stort hus".
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-- But the weak forms depend on sex: "den stora bilen" - "den store mannen".
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-- The plural never makes a gender-sex distinction.
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GenNum = ASg Gender | APl ;
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SexNum = AxSg Sex | AxPl ;
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-- This parameter is different from $Gender$ only for Swedish.
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param
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NounGender ;
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oper
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genNoun : NounGender -> Gender ;
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sexNoun : NounGender -> Sex ;
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gen2nounGen : Gender -> NounGender ;
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param
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AdjFormPos ;
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AdjFormSup = SupStrong | SupWeak ;
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AdjFormGrad =
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Posit AdjFormPos
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| Compar
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| Super AdjFormSup ;
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oper
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Adj : Type = {s : AdjForm => Str} ;
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adverbForm : AdjFormPos = Strong (ASg neutrum) ;
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--3 Verbs
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--
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-- Verbs have 9 finite forms and as many as 18 infinite forms; the large number
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-- of the latter comes from adjectives.
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oper Verbum : Type = {s : VerbForm => Str} ;
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param
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VFin =
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Pres Voice
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| Pret Voice
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| Imper Voice ;
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VInf =
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Inf Voice
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| Supin Voice
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| PtPret AdjFormPos Case
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;
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VerbForm =
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VF VFin
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| VI VInf ;
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-- However, the syntax only needs a simplified verb category, with
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-- present tense only. Such a verb can be extracted from the full verb,
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-- and a choice can be made between an active and a passive (deponent) verb.
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-- Active verbs continue to have passive forms. But we add an extra field $s1$
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-- for a verb particle, as e.g. in "se upp".
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oper
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Verb : Type = {s : VerbForm => Str ; s1 : Str} ;
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vNopart : Verbum -> Verb = \v -> v ** {s1 = []} ;
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--3 Other open classes
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--
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-- Proper names, adverbs (Adv having comparison forms and AdvIn not having them),
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-- and interjections are the remaining open classes.
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oper
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PNm : Type = {s : Case => Str ; h1 : Gender} ;
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Adv : Type = {s : Degree => Str} ;
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AdvInv : Type = {s : Str} ;
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Interj : Type = {s : Str} ;
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--3 Closed classes
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--
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-- The rest of the Swedish word classes are closed, i.e. not extensible by new
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-- lexical entries. Thus we don't have to know how to build them, but only
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-- how to use them, i.e. which parameters they have.
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--
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-- The most important distinction is between proper-name-like pronouns and
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-- adjective-like pronouns, which are inflected in completely different parameters.
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param
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NPForm = PNom | PAcc | PGen GenNum ;
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AdjPronForm = APron GenNum Case ;
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AuxVerbForm = AuxInf | AuxPres | AuxPret | AuxSup ;
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oper
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ProPN : Type = {s : NPForm => Str ; h1 : Gender ; h2 : Number ; h3 : Person} ;
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ProAdj : Type = {s : AdjPronForm => Str} ;
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Prep : Type = {s : Str} ;
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Conjunct : Type = {s : Str} ;
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Subjunct : Type = {s : Str} ;
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Art : Type = {s : GenNum => Str} ;
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Part : Type = {s : Str} ;
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Infin : Type = {s : Str} ;
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VAux : Type = {s : AuxVerbForm => Str} ;
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}
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