forked from GitHub/gf-rgl
Meowyam
122 lines
6.2 KiB
Plaintext
122 lines
6.2 KiB
Plaintext
-- Trying to decide when to use the verbal affixes like meng-, ber-, -i etc.
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-- I understand that this goes beyond mere syntax, so any rules are necessarily incomplete.
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-- I want to find out what's a good API to use in applications, where you need finer control of when to use prefixes.
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----------------------------------------
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-- Simple declarative sentences
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-- Intransitive verbs
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Lang: UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (DetCN (DetQuant (PossPron i_Pron) NumSg) (UseN cat_N)) (UseV walk_V)))
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LangEng: my cat walks
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LangMay: kucing aku berjalan
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-- As a verbal complement
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Lang: UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (DetCN (DetQuant (PossPron i_Pron) NumSg) (UseN cat_N)) (ComplVV want_VV (UseV walk_V))))
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LangEng: my cat wants to walk
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LangMay: kucing aku mahu berjalan
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-- Transitive verbs
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Lang: UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (ComplSlash (SlashV2a read_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant this_Quant NumSg) (UseN book_N)))))
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LangEng: I read this book
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LangMay: aku membaca buku ini
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-- As a verbal complement
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Lang: UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (ComplVV want_VV (ComplSlash (SlashV2a read_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant this_Quant NumSg) (UseN book_N))))))
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LangEng: I want to read this book
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LangMay: aku mahu membaca buku ini
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-- How about words like mengajar and belajar? Is the prefix more important here?
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Lang: UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (AdvVP (ComplSlash (SlashV2a learn_V2) (MassNP (UseN science_N))) (PrepNP in_Prep (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (UseN school_N))))))
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LangEng: I learn science in the school
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LangMay: aku belajar sains di sekolah
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Lang: UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (AdvVP (ComplSlash (SlashV2a teach_V2) (MassNP (UseN science_N))) (PrepNP in_Prep (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (UseN school_N))))))
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LangEng: I teach science in the school
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LangMay: aku mengajar sains di sekolah
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Lang: UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (AdvVP (ComplVV want_VV (ComplSlash (SlashV2a teach_V2) (MassNP (UseN science_N)))) (PrepNP in_Prep (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (UseN school_N))))))
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LangEng: I want to teach science in the school
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LangMay: aku mahu mengajar sains di sekolah
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Lang: UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (AdvVP (ComplVV want_VV (ComplSlash (SlashV2a learn_V2) (MassNP (UseN science_N)))) (PrepNP in_Prep (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (UseN school_N))))))
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LangEng: I want to learn science in the school
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LangMay: aku mahu belajar sains di sekolah
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-- How about interaction with passive? These sentences are very artificial, but imagine they made sense:
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Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (DetCN (DetQuant this_Quant NumSg) (UseN book_N)) (AdvVP (PassV2 learn_V2) (PrepNP in_Prep (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (UseN school_N))))))) NoVoc
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LangEng: this book is learned in the school
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LangMay: buku ini dibelajar di sekolah
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Lang: PhrUtt NoPConj (UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (DetCN (DetQuant this_Quant NumSg) (UseN book_N)) (AdvVP (PassV2 teach_V2) (PrepNP in_Prep (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (UseN school_N))))))) NoVoc
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LangEng: this book is taught in the school
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LangMay: buku ini diajar di sekolah
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----------------------------------------
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-- Relative clauses
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-- Intransitive verbs
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Lang: DetCN (DetQuant IndefArt NumSg) (RelCN (UseN cat_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelVP IdRP (UseV walk_V))))
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LangEng: a cat that walks
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LangMay: kucing yang berjalan
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-- In a context
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Lang: UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (ComplSlash (SlashV2a buy_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant IndefArt NumSg) (RelCN (UseN cat_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelVP IdRP (UseV walk_V))))))))
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LangEng: I buy a cat that walks
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LangMay: aku membeli kucing yang berjalan
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-- Transitive verbs
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-- The subject of the verb phrase is the head (cat drinks milk -> *cat* that drinks milk)
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Lang: DetCN (DetQuant IndefArt NumSg) (RelCN (UseN cat_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelVP IdRP (ComplSlash (SlashV2a drink_V2) (MassNP (UseN milk_N))))))
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LangEng: a cat that drinks milk
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LangMay: kucing yang minum susu
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-- The object of the verb phrase is the head (cat drinks milk -> *milk* that cat drinks)
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Lang: MassNP (RelCN (UseN milk_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelSlash IdRP (SlashVP (DetCN (DetQuant IndefArt NumSg) (UseN cat_N)) (SlashV2a drink_V2)))))
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LangEng: milk that a cat drinks
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LangMay: susu yang kucing minum
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-- Both in context
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Lang: UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (ComplSlash (SlashV2a buy_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant IndefArt NumSg) (RelCN (UseN cat_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelVP IdRP (ComplSlash (SlashV2a drink_V2) (MassNP (UseN milk_N))))))))))
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LangEng: I buy a cat that drinks milk
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LangMay: aku membeli kucing yang minum susu
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Lang: UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (ComplSlash (SlashV2a buy_V2) (MassNP (RelCN (UseN milk_N) (UseRCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (RelSlash IdRP (SlashVP (DetCN (DetQuant IndefArt NumSg) (UseN cat_N)) (SlashV2a drink_V2)))))))))
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LangEng: I buy milk that a cat drinks
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LangMay: aku membeli susu yang kucing minum
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----------------------------------------
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-- Generic constructions like "it rains": prefix or not?
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-- On its own
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Lang: UttS (UseCl (TTAnt TPres ASimul) PPos (ImpersCl (AdvVP (UseV rain_V0) now_Adv)))
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LangEng: it rains now
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LangMay: hujan sekarang
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-- In a context
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Lang: UttS (AdvS (SubjS if_Subj (UseCl (TTAnt TPast ASimul) PNeg (ImpersCl (UseV rain_V0)))) (ExtAdvS now_Adv (UseCl (TTAnt TCond ASimul) PPos (PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (UseV walk_V)))))
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LangEng: if it didn't rain now , I would walk
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LangMay: sekiranya tidak hujan sekarang , aku akan berjalan
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----------------------------------------
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-- Imperative
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Lang: UttImpSg PPos (ImpVP (ComplSlash (SlashV2a open_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (UseN door_N))))
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LangEng: open the door
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LangMay: bukakan pintu
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Lang: UttImpSg PNeg (ImpVP (ComplSlash (SlashV2a open_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (UseN door_N))))
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LangEng: don't open the door
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LangMay: jangan bukakan pintu
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Lang: UttImpPol PPos (ImpVP (ComplSlash (SlashV2a open_V2) (DetCN (DetQuant DefArt NumSg) (UseN door_N))))
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LangEng: open the door
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LangMay: tolong bukakan pintu
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----------------------------------------
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-- Questions
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