mirror of
https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/comp-syntax-gu-mlt.git
synced 2026-02-09 06:41:07 -07:00
638 lines
26 KiB
Markdown
638 lines
26 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
title: "UD as an annotation standard \\newline for learner language"
|
|
subtitle: "a case study on L2 Swedish"
|
|
author: "Arianna Masciolini"
|
|
theme: "lucid"
|
|
logo: "gu.png"
|
|
date: "VT25"
|
|
institute: "LT2214 Computational Syntax"
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
## Learner data
|
|
|
|
<!--see any problems?-->
|
|
|
|
\bigskip \bigskip
|
|
|
|
### English (FCE)
|
|
\small
|
|
```xml
|
|
I also suggest that more plays and films should
|
|
<ns type="RV"> <ns type="FV"><i>be taken</i><c>take</c>
|
|
</ns> place</ns>.
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Italian (VALICO)
|
|
\small
|
|
```xml
|
|
Finse <MC><i>aveva paura</i><c>che aveva paura</c>
|
|
</MC> di un <DN><i>rapito</i><c>rapimento</c></DN>.
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Swedish (SweLL)
|
|
\small
|
|
```xml
|
|
<sentence> <w ref="1">"</w> <w ref="2" target_form="Det"
|
|
correction_label="L-Ref">Den</w> <w ref="3">är</w>
|
|
<w ref="4">en</w> <w ref="5">tredjedel</w>
|
|
<w ref="6">av</w> <w ref="7">din</w> <w ref="8">dag</w>
|
|
<w ref="9">!</w> </sentence>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## The problems
|
|
- coarse-grained error labels
|
|
- exclusive focus on errors
|
|
- lots of manual annotation needed
|
|
- lack of interoperability between corpora
|
|
|
|
## The solution: UD
|
|
- fine-grained morphosyntactic annotation <!--answers the first two-->
|
|
- parsers
|
|
- cross-linguistic consistency $\to$ possibility to compare:
|
|
- L2 vs. standard
|
|
- L1 vs. L2
|
|
- different L2s
|
|
|
|
## L1-L2 treebanks
|
|
|
|
<!--I did not come up with this, or actually I did, but someone else had already-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\bigskip
|
|
|
|
- L2 sentences $\parallel$ correction hypotheses <!--explain hypotheses-->
|
|
- no explicit error tagging
|
|
|
|
<!--I love parallel treebanks btw - concept-alignment thesis with Aarne-->
|
|
|
|
## UD treebanks of learner language
|
|
\bigskip
|
|
|
|
| **language** | **name** | **size** | **status** | **parallel** |
|
|
| ----------: | --------- | -------: | :-----------: | :--------: |
|
|
| Chinese | CFL | 451 | released | **yes**\*\* |
|
|
| English | ESL | 5124 | retired\* | **yes** |
|
|
| English | ESLSpok | 2320 | released | no |
|
|
| Italian | Valico | 398 | released | **yes** |
|
|
| | | | | |
|
|
| Korean | KSL | 12977 | released | no |
|
|
| Russian | ? | 500 | WIP | **yes** |
|
|
| \color{SecondaryColor}Swedish | \color{SecondaryColor}SweLL | \color{SecondaryColor}\~5000 | \color{SecondaryColor}WIP | \color{SecondaryColor}**yes** |
|
|
|
|
\footnotesize \*available for download but not part of the latest UD release
|
|
\newline\footnotesize \**only L2 half available
|
|
|
|
## Challenges
|
|
| **expectations** | **reality** |
|
|
| -----: | :----- |
|
|
| fine-grained annotation | when the validator allows that |
|
|
| parsers | don't work terribly well |
|
|
| cross-linguistic consistency | is limited to error-free spans |
|
|
|
|
## The `root` of the problem
|
|
The UD guidelines are designed with standard language in mind
|
|
|
|
- should we annotate the intended meaning (correction) and/or the observed language use?
|
|
- how to handle mismatches between the characteristics of individual tokens and their use in context?
|
|
|
|
# Treebanking SweLL
|
|
|
|
## Source corpus
|
|
__SweLL-gold__, aka the Swedish Learner Language corpus:
|
|
|
|
- __genre__: essays (misc topics)
|
|
- __learners__: adult L2 Swedish learners with various language backgrounds and proficiency levels
|
|
- __annotation__: error tagging, pseudonymization and normalization (minimal edits)
|
|
- __license__: CLARIN-ID -PRIV \underline{-NORED} -BY
|
|
|
|
## Example 0
|
|
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.20mm}
|
|
\begin{picture}(406.0,150.0)
|
|
\put(0.0,0.0){Självklart}
|
|
\put(100.0,0.0){\bfseries att}
|
|
\put(155.0,0.0){\bfseries det}
|
|
\put(201.0,0.0){\bfseries är}
|
|
\put(238.0,0.0){viktigt}
|
|
\put(311.0,0.0){.}
|
|
\put(0.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape of.course}}}
|
|
\put(100.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape that}}}
|
|
\put(155.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape it}}}
|
|
\put(201.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape is}}}
|
|
\put(238.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape important}}}
|
|
\put(311.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape .}}}
|
|
\end{picture}
|
|
|
|
\bigskip
|
|
|
|
- \small correction: "Självklart __är det__ viktigt."
|
|
- \small translation: "Of course it is important."
|
|
|
|
## Example 0
|
|
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.20mm}
|
|
\begin{picture}(406.0,150.0)
|
|
\put(0.0,0.0){Självklart}
|
|
\put(100.0,0.0){\bfseries att}
|
|
\put(155.0,0.0){\bfseries det}
|
|
\put(201.0,0.0){\bfseries är}
|
|
\put(238.0,0.0){viktigt}
|
|
\put(311.0,0.0){.}
|
|
\put(0.0,15.0){{\tiny ADV}}
|
|
\put(100.0,15.0){{\tiny SCONJ}}
|
|
\put(155.0,15.0){{\tiny PRON}}
|
|
\put(201.0,15.0){{\tiny AUX}}
|
|
\put(238.0,15.0){{\tiny ADJ}}
|
|
\put(311.0,15.0){{\tiny PUNCT}}
|
|
\put(0.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape of.course}}}
|
|
\put(100.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape that}}}
|
|
\put(155.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape it}}}
|
|
\put(201.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape is}}}
|
|
\put(238.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape important}}}
|
|
\put(311.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape .}}}
|
|
\end{picture}
|
|
|
|
\bigskip
|
|
|
|
- \small correction: "Självklart __är det__ viktigt."
|
|
- \small translation: "Of course it is important."
|
|
|
|
## Example 0
|
|
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.20mm}
|
|
\begin{picture}(406.0,150.0)
|
|
\put(0.0,0.0){Självklart}
|
|
\put(100.0,0.0){\bfseries att}
|
|
\put(155.0,0.0){\bfseries det}
|
|
\put(201.0,0.0){\bfseries är}
|
|
\put(238.0,0.0){viktigt}
|
|
\put(311.0,0.0){.}
|
|
\put(0.0,15.0){{\tiny ADV}}
|
|
\put(100.0,15.0){{\tiny SCONJ}}
|
|
\put(155.0,15.0){{\tiny PRON}}
|
|
\put(201.0,15.0){{\tiny AUX}}
|
|
\put(238.0,15.0){{\tiny ADJ}}
|
|
\put(311.0,15.0){{\tiny PUNCT}}
|
|
\put(0.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape of.course}}}
|
|
\put(100.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape that}}}
|
|
\put(155.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape it}}}
|
|
\put(201.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape is}}}
|
|
\put(238.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape important}}}
|
|
\put(311.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape .}}}
|
|
\put(15.0,150.0){\vector(0,-1){120.0}}
|
|
\put(20.0,140.0){{\tiny root}}
|
|
\put(179.0,30.0){\oval(135.82608695652175,100.0)[t]}
|
|
\put(111.08695652173913,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(170.0,83.0){{\tiny mark}}
|
|
\put(206.5,30.0){\oval(79.3855421686747,66.66666666666667)[t]}
|
|
\put(166.80722891566265,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(195.25,66.33333333333334){{\tiny nsubj}}
|
|
\put(229.5,30.0){\oval(28.89189189189189,33.333333333333336)[t]}
|
|
\put(215.05405405405406,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(222.75,49.66666666666667){{\tiny cop}}
|
|
\put(139.0,30.0){\oval(236.73949579831933,133.33333333333334)[t]}
|
|
\put(257.3697478991597,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(127.75,99.66666666666667){{\tiny csubj}}
|
|
\put(175.5,30.0){\oval(310.0353697749196,166.66666666666666)[t]}
|
|
\put(330.51768488745984,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(164.25,116.33333333333333){{\tiny punct}}
|
|
\end{picture}
|
|
|
|
\bigskip
|
|
|
|
- \small correction: "Självklart __är det__ viktigt."
|
|
- \small translation: "Of course it is important."
|
|
|
|
## Example 1
|
|
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.23mm}
|
|
\begin{picture}(409.0,130.0)
|
|
\put(0.0,0.0){Jag}
|
|
\put(46.0,0.0){hade}
|
|
\put(92.0,0.0){\bfseries emotskänslor}
|
|
\put(200.0,0.0){fast}
|
|
\put(270.0,0.0){jag}
|
|
\put(311.0,0.0){\bfseries var}
|
|
\put(348.0,0.0){\bfseries vänta}
|
|
\put(403.0,0.0){det}
|
|
\put(0.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape I}}}
|
|
\put(46.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape had}}}
|
|
\put(92.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape againstfeelings}}}
|
|
\put(200.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape although}}}
|
|
\put(270.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape I}}}
|
|
\put(311.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape was}}}
|
|
\put(348.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape wait}}}
|
|
\put(403.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape that}}}
|
|
\end{picture}
|
|
|
|
\bigskip
|
|
|
|
- \small correction: "Jag hade __motstridiga känslor__ fast jag __hade väntat mig__ det"
|
|
- \small translation: "I had mixed feelings although I was expecting that"
|
|
|
|
## Example 1
|
|
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.23mm}
|
|
\begin{picture}(409.0,130.0)
|
|
\put(0.0,0.0){Jag}
|
|
\put(46.0,0.0){hade}
|
|
\put(92.0,0.0){\bfseries emotskänslor}
|
|
\put(200.0,0.0){fast}
|
|
\put(270.0,0.0){jag}
|
|
\put(311.0,0.0){\bfseries var}
|
|
\put(348.0,0.0){\bfseries vänta}
|
|
\put(403.0,0.0){det}
|
|
\put(0.0,15.0){{\tiny PRON}}
|
|
\put(46.0,15.0){{\tiny VERB}}
|
|
\put(92.0,15.0){{\tiny NOUN}}
|
|
\put(200.0,15.0){{\tiny SCONJ}}
|
|
\put(270.0,15.0){{\tiny PRON}}
|
|
\put(311.0,15.0){{\tiny AUX}}
|
|
\put(348.0,15.0){{\tiny VERB}}
|
|
\put(403.0,15.0){{\tiny PRON}}
|
|
\put(0.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape I}}}
|
|
\put(46.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape had}}}
|
|
\put(92.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape againstfeelings}}}
|
|
\put(200.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape although}}}
|
|
\put(270.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape I}}}
|
|
\put(311.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape was}}}
|
|
\put(348.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape wait}}}
|
|
\put(403.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape that}}}
|
|
\end{picture}
|
|
|
|
\bigskip
|
|
|
|
- \small correction: "Jag hade __motstridiga känslor__ fast jag __hade väntat mig__ det"
|
|
- \small translation: "I had mixed feelings although I was expecting that"
|
|
|
|
## Example 1
|
|
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.23mm}
|
|
\begin{picture}(409.0,130.0)
|
|
\put(0.0,0.0){Jag}
|
|
\put(46.0,0.0){hade}
|
|
\put(92.0,0.0){\bfseries emotskänslor}
|
|
\put(200.0,0.0){fast}
|
|
\put(270.0,0.0){jag}
|
|
\put(311.0,0.0){\bfseries var}
|
|
\put(348.0,0.0){\bfseries vänta}
|
|
\put(403.0,0.0){det}
|
|
\put(0.0,15.0){{\tiny PRON}}
|
|
\put(46.0,15.0){{\tiny VERB}}
|
|
\put(92.0,15.0){{\tiny NOUN}}
|
|
\put(200.0,15.0){{\tiny SCONJ}}
|
|
\put(270.0,15.0){{\tiny PRON}}
|
|
\put(311.0,15.0){{\tiny AUX}}
|
|
\put(348.0,15.0){{\tiny VERB}}
|
|
\put(403.0,15.0){{\tiny PRON}}
|
|
\put(0.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape I}}}
|
|
\put(46.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape had}}}
|
|
\put(92.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape againstfeelings}}}
|
|
\put(200.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape although}}}
|
|
\put(270.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape I}}}
|
|
\put(311.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape was}}}
|
|
\put(348.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape wait}}}
|
|
\put(403.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape that}}}
|
|
\put(33.0,30.0){\oval(39.47826086956522,33.333333333333336)[t]}
|
|
\put(13.26086956521739,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(21.75,49.66666666666667){{\tiny nsubj}}
|
|
\put(61.0,130.0){\vector(0,-1){100.0}}
|
|
\put(66.0,120.0){{\tiny root}}
|
|
\put(89.0,30.0){\oval(39.47826086956522,33.333333333333336)[t]}
|
|
\put(108.73913043478261,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(82.25,49.66666666666667){{\tiny obj}}
|
|
\put(289.0,30.0){\oval(135.82608695652175,100.0)[t]}
|
|
\put(221.08695652173913,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(280.0,83.0){{\tiny mark}}
|
|
\put(316.5,30.0){\oval(79.3855421686747,66.66666666666667)[t]}
|
|
\put(276.8072289156627,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(305.25,66.33333333333334){{\tiny nsubj}}
|
|
\put(339.5,30.0){\oval(28.89189189189189,33.333333333333336)[t]}
|
|
\put(325.05405405405406,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(332.75,49.66666666666667){{\tiny \bfseries ?}}
|
|
\put(217.0,30.0){\oval(301.0066225165563,133.33333333333334)[t]}
|
|
\put(367.50331125827813,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(205.75,99.66666666666667){{\tiny advcl}}
|
|
\put(395.5,30.0){\oval(49.54545454545455,33.333333333333336)[t]}
|
|
\put(420.27272727272725,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(388.75,49.66666666666667){{\tiny obj}}
|
|
\end{picture}
|
|
|
|
\bigskip
|
|
|
|
- \small correction: "Jag hade __motstridiga känslor__ fast jag __hade väntat mig__ det"
|
|
- \small translation: "I had mixed feelings although I was expecting that"
|
|
|
|
## Example 1
|
|
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.23mm}
|
|
\begin{picture}(409.0,130.0)
|
|
\put(0.0,0.0){Jag}
|
|
\put(46.0,0.0){hade}
|
|
\put(92.0,0.0){\bfseries emotskänslor}
|
|
\put(200.0,0.0){fast}
|
|
\put(270.0,0.0){jag}
|
|
\put(311.0,0.0){\bfseries var}
|
|
\put(348.0,0.0){\bfseries vänta}
|
|
\put(403.0,0.0){det}
|
|
\put(0.0,15.0){{\tiny PRON}}
|
|
\put(46.0,15.0){{\tiny VERB}}
|
|
\put(92.0,15.0){{\tiny NOUN}}
|
|
\put(200.0,15.0){{\tiny SCONJ}}
|
|
\put(270.0,15.0){{\tiny PRON}}
|
|
\put(311.0,15.0){{\tiny AUX}}
|
|
\put(348.0,15.0){{\tiny VERB}}
|
|
\put(403.0,15.0){{\tiny PRON}}
|
|
\put(0.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape I}}}
|
|
\put(46.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape had}}}
|
|
\put(92.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape againstfeelings}}}
|
|
\put(200.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape although}}}
|
|
\put(270.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape I}}}
|
|
\put(311.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape was}}}
|
|
\put(348.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape wait}}}
|
|
\put(403.0,-11.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape that}}}
|
|
\put(33.0,30.0){\oval(39.47826086956522,33.333333333333336)[t]}
|
|
\put(13.26086956521739,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(21.75,49.66666666666667){{\tiny nsubj}}
|
|
\put(61.0,130.0){\vector(0,-1){100.0}}
|
|
\put(66.0,120.0){{\tiny root}}
|
|
\put(89.0,30.0){\oval(39.47826086956522,33.333333333333336)[t]}
|
|
\put(108.73913043478261,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(82.25,49.66666666666667){{\tiny obj}}
|
|
\put(289.0,30.0){\oval(135.82608695652175,100.0)[t]}
|
|
\put(221.08695652173913,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(280.0,83.0){{\tiny mark}}
|
|
\put(316.5,30.0){\oval(79.3855421686747,66.66666666666667)[t]}
|
|
\put(276.8072289156627,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(305.25,66.33333333333334){{\tiny nsubj}}
|
|
\put(339.5,30.0){\oval(28.89189189189189,33.333333333333336)[t]}
|
|
\put(325.05405405405406,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(332.75,49.66666666666667){{\tiny \bfseries aux:*}}
|
|
\put(217.0,30.0){\oval(301.0066225165563,133.33333333333334)[t]}
|
|
\put(367.50331125827813,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(205.75,99.66666666666667){{\tiny advcl}}
|
|
\put(395.5,30.0){\oval(49.54545454545455,33.333333333333336)[t]}
|
|
\put(420.27272727272725,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(388.75,49.66666666666667){{\tiny obj}}
|
|
\end{picture}
|
|
|
|
\bigskip
|
|
|
|
- \small correction: "Jag hade __motstridiga känslor__ fast jag __hade väntat mig__ det"
|
|
- \small translation: "I had mixed feelings although I was expecting that"
|
|
|
|
## Example 2
|
|
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.23mm}
|
|
\begin{picture}(195.0,110.0)
|
|
\put(0.0,0.0){en}
|
|
\put(37.0,0.0){lång}
|
|
\put(83.0,0.0){\bfseries bus}
|
|
\put(129.0,0.0){\bfseries resa}
|
|
\put(0.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape a}}}
|
|
\put(37.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape long}}}
|
|
\put(83.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape bus}}}
|
|
\put(129.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape trip}}}
|
|
\end{picture}
|
|
|
|
\bigskip
|
|
|
|
- \small correction: "en lång __bussresa__"
|
|
- \small translation: "a long bus trip"
|
|
|
|
## Example 2
|
|
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.23mm}
|
|
\begin{picture}(195.0,110.0)
|
|
\put(0.0,0.0){en}
|
|
\put(37.0,0.0){lång}
|
|
\put(83.0,0.0){\bfseries bus}
|
|
\put(129.0,0.0){\bfseries resa}
|
|
\put(0.0,15.0){{\tiny DET}}
|
|
\put(37.0,15.0){{\tiny ADJ}}
|
|
\put(83.0,15.0){{\tiny NOUN}}
|
|
\put(129.0,15.0){{\tiny NOUN}}
|
|
\put(0.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape a}}}
|
|
\put(37.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape long}}}
|
|
\put(83.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape bus}}}
|
|
\put(129.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape trip}}}
|
|
\end{picture}
|
|
|
|
\bigskip
|
|
|
|
- \small correction: "en lång __bussresa__"
|
|
- \small translation: "a long bus trip"
|
|
|
|
## Example 2
|
|
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.23mm}
|
|
\begin{picture}(195.0,110.0)
|
|
\put(0.0,0.0){en}
|
|
\put(37.0,0.0){lång}
|
|
\put(83.0,0.0){\bfseries bus}
|
|
\put(129.0,0.0){\bfseries resa}
|
|
\put(0.0,15.0){{\tiny DET}}
|
|
\put(37.0,15.0){{\tiny ADJ}}
|
|
\put(83.0,15.0){{\tiny NOUN}}
|
|
\put(129.0,15.0){{\tiny NOUN}}
|
|
\put(0.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape a}}}
|
|
\put(37.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape long}}}
|
|
\put(83.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape bus}}}
|
|
\put(129.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape trip}}}
|
|
\put(74.5,30.0){\oval(126.67441860465117,100.0)[t]}
|
|
\put(11.162790697674417,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(67.75,83.0){{\tiny det}}
|
|
\put(93.0,30.0){\oval(88.73913043478261,66.66666666666667)[t]}
|
|
\put(48.630434782608695,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(84.0,66.33333333333334){{\tiny amod}}
|
|
\put(116.0,30.0){\oval(39.47826086956522,33.333333333333336)[t]}
|
|
\put(96.26086956521739,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(75.5,49.66666666666667){{\tiny compound:*}}
|
|
\put(144.0,110.0){\vector(0,-1){80.0}}
|
|
\put(149.0,100.0){{\tiny root}}
|
|
\end{picture}
|
|
|
|
\bigskip
|
|
|
|
- \small correction: "en lång __bussresa__"
|
|
- \small translation: "a long bus trip"
|
|
|
|
## Example 3
|
|
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.23mm}
|
|
\begin{picture}(531.0,110.0)
|
|
\small
|
|
\put(0.0,0.0){\bfseries den}
|
|
\put(46.0,0.0){\bfseries är}
|
|
\put(83.0,0.0){\bfseries smog}
|
|
\put(129.0,0.0){salt}
|
|
\put(175.0,0.0){och}
|
|
\put(230.0,0.0){det}
|
|
\put(276.0,0.0){bra}
|
|
\put(313.0,0.0){för}
|
|
\put(350.0,0.0){\bfseries all}
|
|
\put(387.0,0.0){\bfseries kropen}
|
|
\put(0.0,15.0){{\tiny PRON}}
|
|
\put(46.0,15.0){{\tiny AUX}}
|
|
\put(83.0,15.0){{\tiny NOUN}}
|
|
\put(129.0,15.0){{\tiny NOUN}}
|
|
\put(175.0,15.0){{\tiny CCONJ}}
|
|
\put(230.0,15.0){{\tiny PRON}}
|
|
\put(276.0,15.0){{\tiny ADJ}}
|
|
\put(313.0,15.0){{\tiny ADP}}
|
|
\put(350.0,15.0){{\tiny DET}}
|
|
\put(387.0,15.0){{\tiny NOUN}}
|
|
\put(0.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape it}}}
|
|
\put(46.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape is}}}
|
|
\put(83.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape taste?}}}
|
|
\put(129.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape salt}}}
|
|
\put(175.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape and}}}
|
|
\put(230.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape it}}}
|
|
\put(276.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape good}}}
|
|
\put(313.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape for}}}
|
|
\put(350.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape all}}}
|
|
\put(387.0,-13.0){{\scriptsize {\slshape the.body}}}
|
|
\put(51.5,30.0){\oval(79.3855421686747,66.66666666666667)[t]}
|
|
\put(11.807228915662648,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(40.25,66.33333333333334){{\tiny nsubj}}
|
|
\put(74.5,30.0){\oval(28.89189189189189,33.333333333333336)[t]}
|
|
\put(60.054054054054056,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(67.75,49.66666666666667){{\tiny cop}}
|
|
\put(98.0,110.0){\vector(0,-1){80.0}}
|
|
\put(103.0,100.0){{\tiny root}}
|
|
\put(126.0,30.0){\oval(39.47826086956522,33.333333333333336)[t]}
|
|
\put(145.73913043478262,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(117.0,49.66666666666667){{\tiny nmod}}
|
|
\put(235.5,30.0){\oval(98.02970297029702,66.66666666666667)[t]}
|
|
\put(186.4851485148515,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(231.0,66.33333333333334){{\tiny cc}}
|
|
\put(263.0,30.0){\oval(39.47826086956522,33.333333333333336)[t]}
|
|
\put(243.26086956521738,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(251.75,49.66666666666667){{\tiny nsubj}}
|
|
\put(199.5,30.0){\oval(191.4455958549223,100.0)[t]}
|
|
\put(295.22279792746116,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(190.5,83.0){{\tiny conj}}
|
|
\put(360.0,30.0){\oval(69.94594594594595,66.66666666666667)[t]}
|
|
\put(325.02702702702703,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(351.0,66.33333333333334){{\tiny case}}
|
|
\put(378.5,30.0){\oval(28.89189189189189,33.333333333333336)[t]}
|
|
\put(364.05405405405406,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(371.75,49.66666666666667){{\tiny det}}
|
|
\put(351.5,30.0){\oval(108.29729729729729,100.0)[t]}
|
|
\put(405.64864864864865,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(344.75,83.0){{\tiny obl}}
|
|
\end{picture}
|
|
|
|
\bigskip
|
|
|
|
- \small correction: "__Det smakar__ salt och det __är__ bra för __hela kroppen__"
|
|
- \small translation: "it tastes salt and it's good for the whole body"
|
|
|
|
## Example 3: parser output
|
|
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.23mm}
|
|
\begin{picture}(531.0,110.0)
|
|
\put(0.0,0.0){\bfseries den}
|
|
\put(46.0,0.0){\bfseries är}
|
|
\put(83.0,0.0){\bfseries smog}
|
|
\put(129.0,0.0){salt}
|
|
\put(175.0,0.0){och}
|
|
\put(230.0,0.0){det}
|
|
\put(276.0,0.0){bra}
|
|
\put(313.0,0.0){för}
|
|
\put(350.0,0.0){\bfseries all}
|
|
\put(387.0,0.0){\bfseries kropen}
|
|
\put(0.0,15.0){{\tiny PRON}}
|
|
\put(46.0,15.0){{\tiny AUX}}
|
|
\put(83.0,15.0){{\tiny \color{SecondaryColor} ADV}}
|
|
\put(129.0,15.0){{\tiny \color{SecondaryColor} ADJ}}
|
|
\put(175.0,15.0){{\tiny CCONJ}}
|
|
\put(230.0,15.0){{\tiny PRON}}
|
|
\put(276.0,15.0){{\tiny ADJ}}
|
|
\put(313.0,15.0){{\tiny ADP}}
|
|
\put(350.0,15.0){{\tiny DET}}
|
|
\put(387.0,15.0){{\tiny NOUN}}
|
|
\put(74.5,30.0){\oval(126.67441860465117,100.0)[t]}
|
|
\put(11.162790697674417,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(63.25,83.0){{\tiny nsubj}}
|
|
\put(97.5,30.0){\oval(79.3855421686747,66.66666666666667)[t]}
|
|
\put(57.80722891566265,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(90.75,66.33333333333334){{\tiny cop}}
|
|
\put(116.0,30.0){\color{SecondaryColor} \oval(39.47826086956522,33.333333333333336)[t]}
|
|
\put(96.26086956521739,35.0){\color{SecondaryColor} \vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(102.5,49.66666666666667){{\tiny \color{SecondaryColor} advmod}}
|
|
\put(144.0,110.0){\color{SecondaryColor} \vector(0,-1){80.0}}
|
|
\put(149.0,100.0){{\tiny \color{SecondaryColor} root}}
|
|
\put(235.5,30.0){\oval(98.02970297029702,66.66666666666667)[t]}
|
|
\put(186.4851485148515,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(231.0,66.33333333333334){{\tiny cc}}
|
|
\put(263.0,30.0){\oval(39.47826086956522,33.333333333333336)[t]}
|
|
\put(243.26086956521738,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(251.75,49.66666666666667){{\tiny nsubj}}
|
|
\put(222.5,30.0){\oval(144.9591836734694,100.0)[t]}
|
|
\put(294.9795918367347,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(213.5,83.0){{\tiny conj}}
|
|
\put(360.0,30.0){\oval(69.94594594594595,66.66666666666667)[t]}
|
|
\put(325.02702702702703,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(351.0,66.33333333333334){{\tiny case}}
|
|
\put(378.5,30.0){\oval(28.89189189189189,33.333333333333336)[t]}
|
|
\put(364.05405405405406,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(371.75,49.66666666666667){{\tiny det}}
|
|
\put(351.5,30.0){\oval(108.29729729729729,100.0)[t]}
|
|
\put(405.64864864864865,35.0){\vector(0,-1){5.0}}
|
|
\put(344.75,83.0){{\tiny obl}}
|
|
\end{picture}
|
|
|
|
\bigskip \bigskip
|
|
|
|
\footnotesize (obtained with the UDPipe 2 Talbanken 2.15 model)
|
|
|
|
<!--and this is without FEATS and LEMMA!-->
|
|
|
|
## Our principles
|
|
- the validator is a tool, not a goal:
|
|
- __*literal* criteria at the token level__
|
|
- __*distributional* criteria at the syntax level__
|
|
- __borrow from L1__ guidelines when necessary
|
|
- __correction-aware annotation__: the annotation of learner sentences should be consistent with the semantics of the correction hypothesis
|
|
|
|
## Status
|
|
- guidelines and test set (200/500 sentences) WIP
|
|
- remaining 5000 + 500 sentences TODO \pause
|
|
- you are welcome to __participate__!
|
|
- you do _not_ have to be a native speaker
|
|
(in fact, none of the current annotators is)
|
|
- you _might_ be able to do this as a course project
|
|
|
|
# Exploring parallel learner treebanks with STUnD
|
|
|
|
## STUnD
|
|
- _Sökverktyg för Tvåspråkiga Universal Dependencies-trädbanker_, or
|
|
- Search Tool for (parallel) Universal Dependencies Treebanks
|
|
- available at `demo.spraakbanken.gu.se/stund` (hopefully)
|
|
|
|
## Under the hood
|
|
1. identify subtree alignments
|
|
2. run the query on the LHS treebanks, looking for matching subtres
|
|
3. find the corresponding RHS subtree (and check if it matches the RHS-specific patters)
|
|
|
|
## Use cases
|
|
- error retrieval: patterns (queries) $\to$ trees
|
|
- pattern extraction: trees $\to$ patterns
|
|
- feedback comment generation: patterns $\to$ natural language comments <!--maybe goto mittsem slides-->
|
|
|
|
# Sources
|
|
|
|
## In order of appearance
|
|
- \small John Lee, Keying Li, and Herman Leung. _L1-L2 parallel dependency treebank as learner corpus_. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Parsing Technologies, pages 44-49, Pisa, Italy, September 2017. Association for Computational Linguistics
|
|
- \small John Lee, Herman Leung, and Keying Li. _Towards Universal Dependencies for learner Chinese_. In Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Joakim Nivre, and Sebastian Schuster, editors, Proceedings of the NoDaLiDa 2017 Workshop on Universal Dependencies (UDW 2017), pages 67-71, Gothenburg, Sweden, may 2017. Association for Computational Linguistics
|
|
|
|
## In order of appearance
|
|
- \small Yevgeni Berzak, Jessica Kenney, Carolyn Spadine, Jing Xian Wang, Lucia Lam, Keiko Sophie Mori, Sebastian Garza, and Boris Katz. _Universal Dependencies for learner English_. In Katrin Erk and Noah A. Smith, editors, Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 737-746, Berlin, Germany, aug 2016. Association for Computational Linguistics.
|
|
- \small Elisa Di Nuovo, Manuela Sanguinetti, Alessandro Mazzei, Elisa Corino, and Cristina Bosco. _VALICO-UD: Treebanking an Italian learner corpus in Universal Dependencies_. IJCoL. Italian Journal of Computational Linguistics, 8(8-1), 2022
|
|
|
|
## In order of appearance
|
|
- \small Hakyung Sung and Gyu-Ho Shin. _Constructing a dependency treebank for second language learners of Korean_. In Nicoletta Calzolari, Min-Yen Kan, Veronique Hoste, Alessandro Lenci, Sakriani Sakti, and Nianwen Xue, editors, Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024), pages 3747-3758, Torino, Italia, may 2024. ELRA and ICCL
|
|
- \small Hakyung Sung and Gyu-Ho Shin. _Second language Korean Universal Dependency treebank v1.2: Focus on data augmentation and annotation scheme refinement_. In Špela Arhar Holdt, Nikolai Ilinykh, Barbara Scalvini, Micaella Bruton, Iben Nyholm Debess, and Crina Madalina Tudor, editors, Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Resources and Representations for Under-Resourced Languages and Domains (RESOURCEFUL-2025), pages 13-19, Tallinn, Estonia, March 2025. University of Tartu Library, Estonia
|
|
|
|
## In order of appearance
|
|
- \small Alla Rozovskaya. _Universal Dependencies for learner Russian_. In Nicoletta Calzolari, Min-Yen Kan, Veronique Hoste, Alessandro Lenci, Sakriani Sakti, and Nianwen Xue, editors, Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024), pages 17112-17119, Torino, Italia, may 2024. ELRA and ICCL
|
|
- \small Elena Volodina, Lena Granstedt, Arild Matsson, Beáta Megyesi, Ildikó Pilán, Julia Prentice, Dan Rosén, Lisa Rudebeck, Carl-Johan Schenström, Gunlög Sundberg, et al. _The SweLL language learner corpus: From design to annotation_. Northern European Journal of Language Technology, 6:67-104, 2019
|
|
- \small Arianna Masciolini. _A query engine for L1-L2 parallel dependency treebanks_. In Proceedings of the 24th Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics (NoDaLiDa), pages 574--587, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands, May 2023. University of Tartu Library
|
|
|
|
## In order of appearance
|
|
- \small Arianna Masciolini, Elena Volodina, and Dana Dannélls. _Towards automatically extracting morphosyntactical error patterns from L1-L2 parallel dependency treebanks_. In Proceedings of the 18th Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2023), pages 585-597, Toronto, Canada, jul 2023. Association for Computational Linguistics
|
|
- \small Arianna Masciolini and Márton A Tóth. _STUnD: ett Sökverktyg för Tvåspråkiga Universal Dependencies-trädbanker_. In Proceedings of the Huminfra Conference, pages 95-109, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2024
|
|
|
|
## To appear
|
|
- \small Arianna Masciolini, Herbert Lange and Márton A Tóth. _Exploring parallel corpora with STUnD: a Search Tool for Universal Dependencies_. In the upcoming Huminfra Handbook, Gothenburg, Sweden, __most likely__ 2025
|
|
- \small a paper about harmonization of UD guidelines for L2 treebanks |