Action category, more doc in Phrasebook

2026-05-23 01:52:50 -06:00 · 2010-03-28 19:29:06 +00:00
parent c99ecf2704
commit 13a7954646
22 changed files with 311 additions and 26 deletions
--- a/examples/phrasebook/Sentences.gf
+++ b/examples/phrasebook/Sentences.gf
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ abstract Sentences = Numeral ** {

  cat
    Phrase ;
-    Sentence ; Question ; Object ; Item ; Kind ; Quality ; 
-    Place ; PlaceKind ; Currency ; Price ;
+    Sentence ; Question ; 
+    Object ; Item ; Kind ; Quality ; 
+    Place ; PlaceKind ; Currency ; Price ; Language ;
+    Person ; Action ;

  fun
    -- these phrases are formed here, not in Phrasebook, as they are functorial
@@ -15,15 +17,17 @@ abstract Sentences = Numeral ** {
    PPlaceKind: PlaceKind-> Phrase ;
    PCurrency : Currency -> Phrase ;
    PPrice    : Price    -> Phrase ;
+    PLanguage : Language -> Phrase ;

    Is    : Item -> Quality -> Sentence ;
    IsNot : Item -> Quality -> Sentence ;

-    IWant : Object -> Sentence ;
-    ILike : Item -> Sentence ; 
-    DoYouHave : Kind -> Question ;
    WhetherIs : Item -> Quality -> Question ;
-    WhereIs : Place -> Question ;
+    WhereIs   : Place -> Question ;
+
+    SAction : Action -> Sentence ;
+    SNotAction : Action -> Sentence ;
+    QAction : Action -> Question ;

    HowMuchCost : Item -> Question ;
    ItCost : Item -> Price -> Sentence ;
@@ -37,6 +41,8 @@ abstract Sentences = Numeral ** {
    Very : Quality -> Quality ;
    Too : Quality -> Quality ;

+    I, You : Person ;
+
    ThePlace : PlaceKind -> Place ;

 }
--- a/examples/phrasebook/SentencesI.gf
+++ b/examples/phrasebook/SentencesI.gf
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ incomplete concrete SentencesI of Sentences = Numeral **
    PlaceKind = CN ;
    Currency = CN ;
    Price = NP ;
+    Action = Cl ;
+    Person = NP ;
+    Language = NP ;
  lin
    PObject x = mkPhrase (mkUtt x) ;
    PKind x = mkPhrase (mkUtt x) ;
@@ -24,22 +27,23 @@ incomplete concrete SentencesI of Sentences = Numeral **
    PPlaceKind x = mkPhrase (mkUtt x) ;
    PCurrency x = mkPhrase (mkUtt x) ;
    PPrice x = mkPhrase (mkUtt x) ;
+    PLanguage x = mkPhrase (mkUtt x) ;

    Is item quality = mkS (mkCl item quality) ;
    IsNot item quality = mkS negativePol (mkCl item quality) ;
    WhetherIs item quality = mkQS (mkQCl (mkCl item quality)) ;
    WhereIs place = mkQS (mkQCl where_IAdv place) ;
-    IWant obj = mkS (mkCl (mkNP i_Pron) want_V2 obj) ;
-    ILike item = mkS (mkCl (mkNP i_Pron) like_V2 item) ;
-    DoYouHave kind = 
-      mkQS (mkQCl (mkCl (mkNP youPol_Pron) have_V2 (mkNP kind))) ;
+
+    SAction = mkS ;
+    SNotAction = mkS negativePol ;
+    QAction a = mkQS (mkQCl a) ;

    HowMuchCost item = mkQS (mkQCl how8much_IAdv (mkCl item cost_V)) ; 
    ItCost item price = mkS (mkCl item cost_V2 price) ; 
-    AmountCurrency num curr = mkNP <num : Numeral> curr ;
+    AmountCurrency num curr = mkNP <lin Numeral num : Numeral> curr ;

    ObjItem i = i ;
-    ObjNumber n k = mkNP <n : Numeral> k ;
+    ObjNumber n k = mkNP <lin Numeral n : Numeral> k ;

    This kind = mkNP this_Quant kind ;
    That kind = mkNP that_Quant kind ;
@@ -53,6 +57,9 @@ incomplete concrete SentencesI of Sentences = Numeral **
    Too quality = mkAP too_AdA quality ;
    ThePlace kind = mkNP the_Quant kind ;

+    I = mkNP i_Pron ;
+    You = mkNP youPol_Pron ;
+
 oper 
  mkPhrase : Utt -> Text = \u -> lin Text u ; -- no punctuation

--- a/examples/phrasebook/Words.gf
+++ b/examples/phrasebook/Words.gf
@@ -11,4 +11,14 @@ abstract Words = Sentences ** {

    Euro, Dollar, Lei : Currency ;

+    English, Finnish, French, Romanian, Swedish : Language ;
+
+-- actions can be expressed by different structures in different languages
+
+    AWant  : Person -> Object   -> Action ;
+    ALike  : Person -> Item     -> Action ; 
+    AHave  : Person -> Kind     -> Action ;
+    ASpeak : Person -> Language -> Action ;
+    ALove  : Person -> Person   -> Action ;
+
 }
--- a/examples/phrasebook/WordsEng.gf
+++ b/examples/phrasebook/WordsEng.gf
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 -- (c) 2009 Aarne Ranta under LGPL

 concrete WordsEng of Words = SentencesEng ** 
-    open SyntaxEng, ParadigmsEng in {
+    open SyntaxEng, ParadigmsEng, IrregEng in {
  lin
    Wine = mkCN (mkN "wine") ;
    Beer = mkCN (mkN "beer") ;
@@ -27,4 +27,17 @@ concrete WordsEng of Words = SentencesEng **
    Dollar = mkCN (mkN "dollar") ;
    Lei = mkCN (mkN "leu" "lei") ;

+    English = mkNP (mkPN "English") ;
+    Finnish = mkNP (mkPN "Finnish") ;
+    French = mkNP (mkPN "French") ; 
+    Romanian = mkNP (mkPN "Romanian") ;
+    Swedish = mkNP (mkPN "Swedish") ;
+
+    AWant p obj = mkCl p (mkV2 (mkV "want")) obj ;
+    ALike p item = mkCl p (mkV2 (mkV "like")) item ;
+    AHave p kind = mkCl p have_V2 (mkNP kind) ;
+    ASpeak p lang = mkCl p  (mkV2 IrregEng.speak_V) lang ;
+    ALove p q = mkCl p (mkV2 (mkV "love")) q ;
+
+
 }
--- a/examples/phrasebook/WordsFin.gf
+++ b/examples/phrasebook/WordsFin.gf
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 -- (c) 2009 Aarne Ranta under LGPL

 concrete WordsFin of Words = SentencesFin ** 
-    open SyntaxFin, ParadigmsFin in {
+    open SyntaxFin, ParadigmsFin, DiffPhrasebookFin in {
  lin
    Wine = mkCN (mkN "viini") ;
    Beer = mkCN (mkN "olut") ;
@@ -31,7 +31,15 @@ concrete WordsFin of Words = SentencesFin **
    Dollar = mkCN (mkN "dollari") ;
    Lei = mkCN (mkN "lei") ;

-- oper ---- optimization lasts forever
--  mkCNN : Str -> CN = \s -> mkCN (mkN s) ;
--  mkAPA : Str -> AP = \s -> mkAP (mkA s) ;
+    AWant p obj = mkCl p want_V2 obj ;
+    ALike p item = mkCl item like_V2 p ;
+    AHave p kind = mkCl p have_V2 (mkNP kind) ;
+    ASpeak p lang = mkCl p  (mkV2 (mkV "puhua") partitive) lang ;
+    ALove p q = mkCl p (mkV2 (mkV "rakastaa") partitive) q ;
+
+    English = mkNP (mkPN "englanti") ;
+    Finnish = mkNP (mkPN (mkN "suomi" "suomia")) ;
+    French = mkNP (mkPN "ranska") ; 
+    Romanian = mkNP (mkPN "romania") ;
+    Swedish = mkNP (mkPN "ruotsi") ;
 }
--- a/examples/phrasebook/WordsFre.gf
+++ b/examples/phrasebook/WordsFre.gf
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@

 concrete WordsFre of Words = SentencesFre ** open
  SyntaxFre,
+  DiffPhrasebookFre,
+  IrregFre,
  ParadigmsFre in
 {
 flags coding=utf8 ;
@@ -33,6 +35,18 @@ Boring = mkAPA "ennuyeux" ;
    Dollar = mkCN (mkN "dollar") ;
    Lei = mkCN (mkN "lei") ; ---- ?

+    AWant p obj = mkCl p want_V2 obj ;
+    ALike p item = mkCl item plaire_V2 p ;
+    AHave p kind = mkCl p have_V2 (mkNP kind) ;
+    ASpeak p lang = mkCl p  (mkV2 (mkV "parler")) lang ;
+    ALove p q = mkCl p (mkV2 (mkV "aimer")) q ;
+
+    English = mkNP (mkPN "anglais") ;
+    Finnish = mkNP (mkPN "finnois") ;
+    French = mkNP (mkPN "français") ; 
+    Romanian = mkNP (mkPN "roumain") ;
+    Swedish = mkNP (mkPN "suédois") ;
+
 oper
 mkAPA : (_ : Str) -> AP = \x -> mkAP (mkA x) ;

--- a/examples/phrasebook/WordsRon.gf
+++ b/examples/phrasebook/WordsRon.gf
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@

 concrete WordsRon of Words = SentencesRon ** open
  SyntaxRon,
-  ParadigmsRon in
+  ParadigmsRon,
+  DiffPhrasebookRon in
 {
 flags coding=utf8 ;

@@ -33,6 +34,18 @@ Boring = mkAPA "plictisitor" "plictisitoare" "plictisitori" "plictisitoare" ;
    Dollar = mkCN (mkN "dolar" masculine) ;
    Lei = mkCN (mkN "leu" "lei") ;

+    AWant p obj = mkCl p want_V2 obj ;
+    ALike p item = mkCl item like_V2 p ;
+    AHave p kind = mkCl p have_V2 (SyntaxRon.mkNP kind) ;
+    ASpeak p lang = mkCl p  (dirV2 (mkV "vorbi")) lang ;
+    ALove p q = mkCl p (dirV2 (mkV "iubi")) q ;
+
+    English = SyntaxRon.mkNP (mkPN "anglais") ; ---- ?
+--    Finnish = mkNP (mkPN "finnois") ;
+--    French = mkNP (mkPN "français") ; 
+    Romanian = SyntaxRon.mkNP (mkPN "engleză") ; ---- ?
+--    Swedish = mkNP (mkPN "suédois") ;
+
 oper
 mkAPA : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> AP = \x,y,z,u -> mkAP (mkA x y z u) ;

--- a/examples/phrasebook/WordsSwe.gf
+++ b/examples/phrasebook/WordsSwe.gf
@@ -27,4 +27,17 @@ concrete WordsSwe of Words = SentencesSwe **
    Dollar = mkCN (mkN "dollar" "dollar") ;
    Lei = mkCN (mkN "lei" "lei") ;

+    English = mkNP (mkPN "engelska") ;
+    Finnish = mkNP (mkPN "finska") ;
+    French = mkNP (mkPN "franska") ; 
+    Romanian = mkNP (mkPN "rumänska") ;
+    Swedish = mkNP (mkPN "svenska") ;
+
+    AWant p obj = mkCl p want_VV (mkVP have_V2 obj) ;
+    ALike p item = mkCl p (mkV2 (mkV "tycker") (mkPrep "om")) item ;
+    AHave p kind = mkCl p have_V2 (mkNP kind) ;
+    ASpeak p lang = mkCl p  (mkV2 (mkV "tala")) lang ;
+    ALove p q = mkCl p (mkV2 (mkV "älska")) q ;
+
+
 }
--- a/examples/phrasebook/phrasebook.html
+++ b/examples/phrasebook/phrasebook.html
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
+<TITLE>MOLTO Multilingual Phrasebook</TITLE>
+</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
+<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1>MOLTO Multilingual Phrasebook</H1>
+<FONT SIZE="4">
+<I>Aarne Ranta</I><BR>
+</FONT></CENTER>
+
+<P>
+History
+</P>
+<UL>
+<LI>Version 0.1, 26 March 2010. Eng, Fin, Fre, Ron; dedicated minibar UI.
+<LI>Version 0.2, 28 March. Swe; cat Action; small phrases.
+</UL>
+
+<H1>Purpose</H1>
+<P>
+This phrasebook is a programme for translating touristic phrases 
+between 15 European languages:
+</P>
+<UL>
+<LI>Bulgarian, Catalan, Danish, Dutch, English,
+  Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian,
+  Polish, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Swedish
+</UL>
+
+<P>
+It is implemented by using the GF programming language 
+(<A HREF="http://grammaticalframework.org">Grammatical Framework</A>).
+It is the first demo for the MOLTO project 
+(<A HREF="http://www.molto-project.eu">Multilingual On-Line Translation</A>).
+</P>
+<P>
+The phrasebook has the following requirements:
+</P>
+<UL>
+<LI>high quality: reliable translations
+<LI>translation from any language to any other ones
+<LI>runnable in web browsers
+<LI>runnable on mobile phones (also off-line: forthcoming for Android phones)
+<LI>easily extensible by new words (forthcoming: semi-automatic extensions by users)
+</UL>
+
+<P>
+The phrasebook is available as open-source software, licensed under GNU LGPL. 
+The source code resides in 
+<A HREF="http://code.haskell.org/gf/examples/phrasebook/"><CODE>code.haskell.org/gf/examples/phrasebook/</CODE></A>
+</P>
+<P>
+Current status (28 March 2010):
+</P>
+<UL>
+<LI>available in English, Finnish, French, Romanian, Swedish
+<LI>very small coverage
+<LI>works on web browsers calling a server
+<LI>web service not yet released, but preliminarily available 
+  <A HREF="http://tournesol.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/phrasebook/phrasebook.html">here</A>
+</UL>
+
+<H1>Points illustrated</H1>
+<P>
+The use of resource grammars and functors.
+</P>
+<P>
+Compile-time transfer: especially, in Action in Words.
+</P>
+<P>
+Quasi-incremental translation: many basic types are also used as phrases.
+</P>
+<P>
+Disambiguation, esp. by the parameters in Roles.
+</P>
+<H1>Files</H1>
+<P>
+abstract Sentences: general syntactic structures implementable by functor
+</P>
+<UL>
+<LI>concrete by functor SencencesI
+<P></P>
+abstract Words: words and predicates, typically language-dependent
+<LI>concrete separate
+<P></P>
+abstract Greetings: idiomatic phrases, strings with role dependence
+<LI>concrete separate
+<P></P>
+abstract Phrasebook: put everything everything together
+<LI>concrete separate
+<P></P>
+resource Roles: param Politeness, Gender
+<P></P>
+interface DiffPhrasebook: the (so far small) interface for Sentences
+</UL>
+
+<H1>To Do</H1>
+<P>
+Text-based translation interface.
+</P>
+<P>
+Access to disambiguation grammars in the interface.
+</P>
+<P>
+The remaining 10 languages
+</P>
+<P>
+Extract/construct lexica for
+</P>
+<UL>
+<LI>food stuff
+<LI>languages
+<LI>places
+</UL>
+
+
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml phrasebook.txt -->
+</BODY></HTML>
--- a/examples/phrasebook/phrasebook.txt
+++ b/examples/phrasebook/phrasebook.txt
@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@ MOLTO Multilingual Phrasebook
 Aarne Ranta


+History
+- Version 0.1, 26 March 2010. Eng, Fin, Fre, Ron; dedicated minibar UI.
+- Version 0.2, 28 March. Swe; cat Action; small phrases.
+
+
+
 =Purpose=

 This phrasebook is a programme for translating touristic phrases 
@@ -37,3 +43,54 @@ Current status (28 March 2010):
  [here http://tournesol.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/phrasebook/phrasebook.html]


+
+=Points illustrated=
+
+The use of resource grammars and functors.
+
+Compile-time transfer: especially, in Action in Words.
+
+Quasi-incremental translation: many basic types are also used as phrases.
+
+Disambiguation, esp. by the parameters in Roles.
+
+
+=Files=
+
+abstract Sentences: general syntactic structures implementable by functor
+- concrete by functor SencencesI
+
+abstract Words: words and predicates, typically language-dependent
+- concrete separate
+
+abstract Greetings: idiomatic phrases, strings with role dependence
+- concrete separate
+
+abstract Phrasebook: put everything everything together
+- concrete separate
+
+resource Roles: param Politeness, Gender
+
+interface DiffPhrasebook: the (so far small) interface for Sentences
+
+
+
+=To Do=
+
+Text-based translation interface.
+
+Access to disambiguation grammars in the interface.
+
+The remaining 10 languages
+
+Extract/construct lexica for
+- food stuff
+- languages
+- places
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
--- a/examples/phrasebook/www/phrasebook.html
+++ b/examples/phrasebook/www/phrasebook.html
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@
 Based on
 <a href="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~hallgren/minibar/minibar.html">minibar</a>,
 powered by
-<a href="http://www.grammaticalframework.org">GF</a>
+<a href="http://www.grammaticalframework.org">GF</a>,
+see
+<a href="../phrasebook.html">doc</a>.

 
 </body> 
--- a/lib/src/abstract/Phrase.gf
+++ b/lib/src/abstract/Phrase.gf
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ abstract Phrase = Cat ** {
    UttAdv  : Adv  -> Utt ;                 -- here
    UttVP   : VP   -> Utt ;                 -- to sleep
    UttCN   : CN   -> Utt ;                 -- house
+    UttCard : Card -> Utt ;                 -- five
+    UttAP   : AP   -> Utt ;                 -- fine

 -- The phrasal conjunction is optional. A sentence conjunction
 -- can also used to prefix an utterance.
--- a/lib/src/api/Constructors.gf
+++ b/lib/src/api/Constructors.gf
@@ -154,7 +154,10 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
      mkUtt : IAdv ->  Utt ;  -- 7. why --# notminimal
      mkUtt : NP   ->  Utt ;  -- 8. John --# notminimal
      mkUtt : Adv  ->  Utt ;  -- 9. here --# notminimal
-      mkUtt : VP   ->  Utt    -- 10. to walk --# notminimal
+      mkUtt : VP   ->  Utt ;  -- 10. to walk --# notminimal
+      mkUtt : CN   ->  Utt ;  -- 11. beer --# notminimal
+      mkUtt : AP   ->  Utt ;  -- 12. fine --# notminimal
+      mkUtt : Card ->  Utt ;  -- 13. five --# notminimal
      } ; --# notminimal

 -- The plural first-person imperative is a special construction.
@@ -1361,7 +1364,10 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
      mkUtt : Adv  -> Utt                   -- here  
                                         =    UttAdv   ;  
      mkUtt : VP   -> Utt                   -- to sleep --# notminimal
-                                         =    UttVP  --# notminimal
+                                         =    UttVP ;  --# notminimal
+      mkUtt : CN   -> Utt =    UttCN ;    --# notminimal
+      mkUtt : AP   -> Utt =    UttAP ;    --# notminimal
+      mkUtt : Card -> Utt =    UttCard ;  --# notminimal
      } ;  

    lets_Utt : VP -> Utt = ImpPl1 ; --# notminimal
--- a/lib/src/english/MakeStructuralEng.gf
+++ b/lib/src/english/MakeStructuralEng.gf
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ resource MakeStructuralEng = open CatEng, ParadigmsEng, ResEng, MorphoEng, Prelu
 oper 
  mkSubj : Str -> Subj = \x -> 
    lin Subj {s = x} ;
-  mkNP : Str -> Number -> NP = \s,n ->
+  mkNP : Str -> ParadigmsEng.Number -> NP = \s,n ->
    lin NP (regNP s n) ;
-  mkIDet : Str -> Number -> IDet = \s,n ->
+  mkIDet : Str -> ParadigmsEng.Number -> IDet = \s,n ->
    lin IDet {s = s ; n = n} ;

 }
--- a/lib/src/english/PhraseEng.gf
+++ b/lib/src/english/PhraseEng.gf
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ concrete PhraseEng of Phrase = CatEng ** open Prelude, ResEng in {
    UttVP vp = {s = infVP False vp (agrP3 Sg)} ;
    UttAdv adv = adv ;
    UttCN n = {s = n.s ! Sg ! Nom} ;
+    UttCard n = {s = n.s ! Nom} ;
+    UttAP ap = {s = ap.s ! agrP3 Sg} ;

    NoPConj = {s = []} ;
    PConjConj conj = {s = conj.s2} ; ---
--- a/lib/src/finnish/MakeStructuralFin.gf
+++ b/lib/src/finnish/MakeStructuralFin.gf
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 resource MakeStructuralFin = open CatFin, ParadigmsFin, MorphoFin, Prelude in {

 oper 
-  mkConj : Str -> Str -> Number -> Conj = \x,y,n -> 
+  mkConj : Str -> Str -> ParadigmsFin.Number -> Conj = \x,y,n -> 
    {s1 = x ; s2 = y ; n = n ; lock_Conj = <>} ;
  mkSubj : Str -> Subj = \x -> 
    {s = x ; lock_Subj = <>} ;
--- a/lib/src/finnish/PhraseFin.gf
+++ b/lib/src/finnish/PhraseFin.gf
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-concrete PhraseFin of Phrase = CatFin ** open ResFin in {
+concrete PhraseFin of Phrase = CatFin ** open ResFin, (P = Prelude) in {

  lin
    PhrUtt pconj utt voc = {s = pconj.s ++ utt.s ++ voc.s} ;
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ concrete PhraseFin of Phrase = CatFin ** open ResFin in {
    UttNP np = {s = np.s ! NPCase Nom} ;
    UttVP vp = {s = infVP (NPCase Nom) Pos (agrP3 Sg) vp Inf1} ;
    UttAdv adv = adv ;
+    UttCN np = {s = np.s ! NCase Sg Nom} ;
+    UttAP np = {s = np.s ! P.False ! NCase Sg Nom} ;
+    UttCard n = {s = n.s ! Sg ! Nom} ;

    NoPConj = {s = []} ;
    PConjConj conj = {s = conj.s2} ;
--- a/lib/src/romance/PhraseRomance.gf
+++ b/lib/src/romance/PhraseRomance.gf
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ incomplete concrete PhraseRomance of Phrase =
    UttVP vp = {s = infVP vp (agrP3 Fem Sg)} ; --- Agr
    UttAdv adv = adv ;
    UttCN n = {s = n.s ! Sg} ;
+    UttAP ap = {s = ap.s ! AF Masc Sg} ;
+    UttCard n = {s = n.s ! Masc} ;

    NoPConj = {s = []} ;
    PConjConj conj = {s = conj.s2} ;
--- a/lib/src/romanian/PhraseRon.gf
+++ b/lib/src/romanian/PhraseRon.gf
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@
    UttVP vp = let a = agrP3 Masc Sg in 
          {s = "sã"  ++ (flattenSimpleClitics vp.nrClit vp.clAcc vp.clDat (vp.isRefl ! a)) ++ conjVP vp a ++vp.comp ! a ++ vp.ext ! Pos} ; 
    UttAdv adv = adv ;
+    UttCN cn = {s = cn.s ! Sg ! Indef ! ANomAcc} ;
+    UttAP ap = {s = ap.s ! AF Masc Sg Indef ANomAcc} ;
+    UttCard n = {s = n.sp ! Masc} ;

    NoPConj = {s = []} ;
    PConjConj conj = {s = conj.s2} ;
--- a/lib/src/scandinavian/PhraseScand.gf
+++ b/lib/src/scandinavian/PhraseScand.gf
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ incomplete concrete PhraseScand of Phrase =
    UttNP np = {s = np.s ! accusative} ;
    UttVP vp = {s = infMark ++ infVP vp (agrP3 Utr Sg)} ;
    UttAdv adv = adv ;
+    UttCN n = {s = n.s ! Sg ! DIndef ! Nom} ;
+    UttAP n = {s = n.s ! Strong (GSg Utr)} ;
+    UttCard n = {s = n.s ! neutrum} ;

    NoPConj = {s = []} ;
    PConjConj conj = {s = conj.s2} ;
--- a/lib/src/swedish/StructuralSwe.gf
+++ b/lib/src/swedish/StructuralSwe.gf
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ concrete StructuralSwe of Structural = CatSwe **
  here7to_Adv = ss "hit" ;
  here7from_Adv = ss "härifrån" ;
  how_IAdv = ss "hur" ;
+  how8much_IAdv = ss "hur mycket" ;
  how8many_IDet = {s = \\_ => ["hur många"] ; n = Pl ; det = DDef Indef} ;
  if_Subj = ss "om" ;
  in8front_Prep = ss "framför" ;
--- a/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Linearize.hs
+++ b/src/runtime/haskell/PGF/Linearize.hs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ linTree pgf lang mark e = lin0 [] [] [] Nothing e
                                                                 return (listArray (bounds lins) [computeSeq seqid args | seqid <- elems lins])
                                         PCoerce fid       -> apply path xs (Just fid) f es
                        Nothing  -> mzero
-        Nothing    -> apply path xs mb_fid _V [ELit (LStr "?")]              -- function without linearization
+        Nothing    -> apply path xs mb_fid _V [ELit (LStr ("[" ++ showCId f ++ "]"))]  -- fun without lin
      where
        lookupProds (Just fid) prods = IntMap.lookup fid prods
        lookupProds Nothing    prods