Clause as restructuring of Verbphrase

lib/resource/abstract/TestResource.gf

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-abstract TestResource = Rules, Clause, Structural  ** {
+abstract TestResource = 
+  Rules,
+----  Verbphrase, 
+  Clause, 
+  Structural  ** {
 
 -- a random sample of lexicon to test resource grammar with
 

lib/resource/abstract/Verbphrase.gf

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 
 abstract Verbphrase = Categories ** {
 
+  flags optimize=all ;
+
 -- These rules produce verb phrases.
 
   fun
@@ -38,6 +40,8 @@ abstract Verbphrase = Categories ** {
   PredAV       : AV  -> VPI -> VP   ;     -- "is eager to leave"
   PredObjA2V   : A2V -> NP -> VPI -> VP ; -- "is easy for us to convince"
 
+  PredProgVP   : VPI -> VP ;              -- "is eating fish"
+
 -- These rules *use* verb phrases. 
 
   PredVP       : NP -> VP -> Cl ;         -- "John walks"
@@ -46,7 +50,7 @@ abstract Verbphrase = Categories ** {
 
   PosVP, NegVP : Ant -> VP  -> VPI ;      -- to eat, not to eat
 
-  AdvVP        : VP -> AdV -> VP ;        -- "always walks"
+----  AdvVP        : VP -> AdV -> VP ;        -- "always walks"
   SubjVP       : VP -> Subj -> S -> VP ;  -- "(a man who) sings when he runs"
 
 }

lib/resource/danish/SyntaxDan.gf

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
 instance SyntaxDan of SyntaxScand = TypesDan ** 
   open Prelude, (CO = Coordination), MorphoDan in {
 
-  oper 
+  flags optimize=all ;
 
+  oper 
 ------ mkAdjForm
 
 -- When common nouns are extracted from lexicon, the composite noun form is ignored.
@@ -108,12 +109,9 @@ instance SyntaxDan of SyntaxScand = TypesDan **
     _ => "seg"
     } ;
 
-  progressiveVerbPhrase : VerbGroup -> VerbGroup = \verb -> 
+  progressiveVerbPhrase : VerbPhrase -> VerbGroup = 
     complVerbVerb
-      (verbVara **
-       {isAux = False} ----- {s3 = ["ved at"]}
-      )
-      (predVerbGroup True Simul verb) ;  
+      {s = verbVara.s ; s1 = "ved" ; isAux = False} ;
 
   progressiveClause : NounPhrase -> VerbPhrase -> Clause = \np,vp ->
     predVerbGroupClause np

lib/resource/doc/gf-resource.html

@@ -152,17 +152,38 @@ Language-dependent resources
 
 
 <!-- NEW -->
-<h2>Use as top-level grammar</h2>
+<h2>Use as top-level grammar: testing</h2>
 
-Random generation, translation, morphological analysis...
+Import a set of $LangX$ grammars:
+<pre>
+  i english/LangEng.gf
+  i swedish/LangSwe.gf
+</pre>
+Test with random generation, translation, morphological analysis...
+<pre>
 
-<p>
 
-Language learning: translation and morpho quiz
+</pre>
 
-<p>
+<!-- NEW -->
+<h2>Use as top-level grammar: language learning quizzes</h2>
+
+Morpho quiz with words:
+<pre>
+
+
+</pre>
+Morpho quiz with phrases:
+<pre>
+
+
+</pre>
+Translation quiz with sentences:
+<pre>
+
+
+</pre>
 
-Generate elementary text books from abstract syntax?
 
 
 
@@ -179,10 +200,14 @@ No more dummy <tt>reuse</tt> modules and bulky <tt>.gfr</tt> files!
 
 If you need to convert resource category records to/from strings, use
 <pre>
-  Predef.toStr   : L -> Str ; 
-  Predef.fromStr : Str -> L ; 
+  Predef.toStr : (L : Type) -> L -> Str ; 
 </pre>
-<tt>L</tt> must be a linearization type.
+<tt>L</tt> must be a linearization type. For instance,
+<pre>
+  toStr LangNor.CN (ModAP (PositADeg old_ADeg) (UseN car_N))
+  ---> "gammel bil"
+</pre>
+
 
 
 <!-- NEW -->
@@ -205,9 +230,14 @@ Extend vocabulary at need.
 </pre>
 
 
+<!-- NEW -->
+<h2>Example application: a small translation system</h2>
+
+
+
 
 <!-- NEW -->
-<h2>Implementatin details: the structure of low-level files</h2>
+<h2>Implementation details: the structure of low-level files</h2>
 
 <center>
 <img src="Low.gif">

lib/resource/english/SyntaxEng.gf

@@ -690,10 +690,12 @@ oper
     APl P3 => "themselves"
     } ;
 
-
   progressiveClause : NounPhrase -> VerbPhrase -> Clause = \np,vp ->
     predBeGroup np (vp.s ! VIPresPart) ; 
 
+  progressiveVerbPhrase : VerbPhrase -> VerbGroup = \vp ->
+    predClauseBeGroup (vp.s ! VIPresPart) ; 
+
 --- negation of prp ignored: "not" only for "be"
 
 --3 Tensed clauses
@@ -725,16 +727,53 @@ oper
        }
     } ;
 
+-- These three function are just to restore the $VerbGroup$ ($VP$) based structure.
+
+  predVerbGroupClause : NounPhrase -> VerbGroup -> Clause = \np,vp ->
+    let
+      ag = np.a ;
+      it = np.s ! NomP
+    in
+    {s = table {
+       Dir => \\b,sf => it ++ vp.s  ! b ! sf ! ag  ++ vp.s2  ! b ! sf ! ag ;
+       Inv => \\b,sf =>  
+         let
+           does = vp.s  ! b ! sf ! ag ;
+           walk = vp.s2 ! b ! sf ! ag
+         in
+         case sf of {
+           VFinite t Simul => case b of {
+             True => auxTense b t ag ++ it ++ walk ;
+             _    => does            ++ it ++ walk
+            } ;
+           _ => does ++ it ++ walk
+           }
+       }
+    } ; 
+
   predClauseGroup : Verb -> Complement -> VerbGroup =  \verb,comp -> 
     let
       nvg : Agr -> (Bool => SForm => (Str * Str * Str)) = 
-       \ag -> predVerbClauseGen {s = \\_ => [] ; a = ag} verb comp 
+        \ag -> predVerbClauseGen {s = \\_ => [] ; a = ag} verb comp 
     in
     {s  = \\b,f,a => (nvg a ! b ! f).p2 ;
      s2 = \\b,f,a => (nvg a ! b ! f).p3 ;
-     isAux = False ----
+     isAux = False
     } ;
 
+  predClauseBeGroup : Complement -> VerbGroup = \comp ->
+    let
+      nvg : Agr -> (Bool => SForm => (Str * Str * Str)) = 
+        \ag -> predAuxClauseGen {s = \\_ => [] ; a = ag} auxVerbBe comp 
+    in
+    {s  = \\b,f,a => (nvg a ! b ! f).p2 ;
+     s2 = \\b,f,a => (nvg a ! b ! f).p3 ;
+     isAux = True
+    } ;
+
+-- This is the general predication function for non-auxiliary verbs,
+-- i.e. ones with "do" inversion and negation.
+
   predVerbClauseGen : NounPhrase -> Verb -> Complement -> (Bool =>
     SForm => (Str * Str * Str)) =  \np,verb,comp -> 
     let 
@@ -1025,15 +1064,12 @@ oper
   RelClause   : Type = {s : Bool => SForm => Agr => Str} ;
   RelSentence : Type = {s :                  Agr => Str} ;
 
------- relg
   relVerbPhrase : RelPron -> VerbGroup -> RelClause = \who,walks ->
-    {s = \\b,sf,a => [] 
-----      let wa = fromAgr a in
-----      (predVerbGroupClause (relNounPhrase who wa.g wa.n) walks).s  ! Dir ! b ! sf
+    {s = \\b,sf,a => 
+      let wa = fromAgr a in
+      (predVerbGroupClause (relNounPhrase who wa.g wa.n) walks).s  ! Dir ! b ! sf
     } ;
 
---- TODO: full tense variation in relative clauses.
-
   relSlash : RelPron -> ClauseSlashNounPhrase -> RelClause = \who,yousee ->
     {s = \\b,sf,a => 
            let
@@ -1196,7 +1232,6 @@ oper
     in
     {s = \\b,sf,_ => whoisold.s ! Dir ! b ! sf} ;
 
-{- --vg
   intVerbPhrase : IntPron -> VerbGroup -> Question = \who,walk ->
     let 
       who : NounPhrase =  {s = who.s ; a = toAgr who.n P3 who.g} ;
@@ -1204,8 +1239,6 @@ oper
     in
     {s = \\b,sf,_ => whowalks.s ! Dir ! b ! sf} ;
 
-  --vg -}
-
   intVerbClause : IntPron -> Verb -> Complement -> Question = \who,walk,here ->
     let 
       who : NounPhrase =  {s = who.s ; a = toAgr who.n P3 who.g} ;

lib/resource/english/VerbphraseEng.gf

@@ -23,39 +23,43 @@ concrete VerbphraseEng of Verbphrase = CategoriesEng **
   open Prelude, SyntaxEng in {
 
   lin
-  UseV  = predVerb ;
-  UsePassV = passVerb ;
-  ComplV2 = complTransVerb ;
-  ComplReflV2 = reflTransVerb ;
-  ComplVS = complSentVerb ;
-  ComplVV = complVerbVerb ;
-  ComplVQ = complQuestVerb ;
-  ComplVA = complAdjVerb ;
-  ComplV2A = complDitransAdjVerb ;
-  ComplSubjV2V = complDitransVerbVerb False ;
-  ComplObjV2V = complDitransVerbVerb True ;
-  ComplV2S = complDitransSentVerb ;
-  ComplV2Q = complDitransQuestVerb ;
+  UseV v = predClauseGroup v (complVerb v) ;
+  UsePassV v = predClauseBeGroup (passVerb v) ;
+  ComplV2 v x = predClauseGroup v (complTransVerb v x) ;
+  ComplReflV2 v = predClauseGroup v (reflTransVerb v) ;
+  ComplVS v x = predClauseGroup v (complSentVerb v x) ;
+  ComplVV v x = predClauseGroup (aux2verb v) (complVerbVerb v x) ;
+  ComplVQ v x = predClauseGroup v (complQuestVerb v x) ;
+  ComplVA v x = predClauseGroup v (complAdjVerb v x) ;
+  ComplV2A v x y = predClauseGroup v (complDitransAdjVerb v x y) ;
+  ComplSubjV2V v x y = predClauseGroup v (complDitransVerbVerb False v x y) ;
+  ComplObjV2V v x y = predClauseGroup v (complDitransVerbVerb True v x y) ;
+  ComplV2S v x y = predClauseGroup v (complDitransSentVerb v x y) ;
+  ComplV2Q v x y = predClauseGroup v (complDitransQuestVerb v x y) ;
 
-  PredAP = predAdjective ;
-  PredSuperl a = predAdjective (superlAdjPhrase a) ;
-  PredCN = predCommNoun ;
-  PredNP = predNounPhrase ;
-  PredPP = predAdverb ;
-  PredAV = complVerbAdj ;
-  PredObjA2V = complVerbAdj2 True ;
+  PredAP v = predClauseBeGroup (complAdjective v) ;
+  PredSuperl a = predClauseBeGroup (complAdjective (superlAdjPhrase a)) ;
+  PredCN v = predClauseBeGroup (complCommNoun v) ;
+  PredNP v = predClauseBeGroup (complNounPhrase v) ;
+  PredPP v = predClauseBeGroup (complAdverb v) ;
+
+  PredAV v x = predClauseBeGroup (complVerbAdj v x) ;
+  PredObjA2V v x y = predClauseBeGroup (complVerbAdj2 True v x y) ;
+
+  PredProgVP = progressiveVerbPhrase ;
+
+----  SPredProgVP = progressiveClause ;
 
 -- Use VPs
 
   PredVP = predVerbGroupClause ;
+
   RelVP = relVerbPhrase ;
   IntVP = intVerbPhrase ;
 
-  PosVP tp = predVerbGroup True tp.a ;
-  NegVP tp = predVerbGroup False tp.a ;
+--  PosVP tp = predVerbGroup True tp.a ;
+--  NegVP tp = predVerbGroup False tp.a ;
 
-  AdvVP = adVerbPhrase ;
+----  AdvVP = adVerbPhrase ;
   SubjVP = subjunctVerbPhrase ;
-
-
 }

lib/resource/norwegian/SyntaxNor.gf

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 instance SyntaxNor of SyntaxScand = TypesNor ** 
   open Prelude, (CO = Coordination), MorphoNor in {
 
+  flags optimize=all ;
+
   oper 
 
 ------ mkAdjForm
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ instance SyntaxNor of SyntaxScand = TypesNor **
   auxSka = "vil" ;
   auxSkulle = "ville" ;
 
-  infinAtt = "at" ;
+  infinAtt = "å" ;
 
   varjeDet : Determiner = mkDeterminerSg (detSgInvar "hver") IndefP ;
   allaDet  : Determiner = mkDeterminerPl "alle" IndefP ;
@@ -109,12 +111,9 @@ instance SyntaxNor of SyntaxScand = TypesNor **
     _ => "seg"
     } ;
 
-  progressiveVerbPhrase : VerbGroup -> VerbGroup = \verb -> 
+  progressiveVerbPhrase : VerbPhrase -> VerbGroup = 
     complVerbVerb
-      (verbVara **
-       {isAux = False} ----- {s3 = ["ved at"]}
-      )
-      (predVerbGroup True Simul verb) ;  
+      ({s = verbVara.s ; s1 = "ved" ; isAux = False}) ;
 
   progressiveClause : NounPhrase -> VerbPhrase -> Clause = \np,vp ->
     predVerbGroupClause np

lib/resource/scandinavian/CategoriesScand.gf

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ lincat
 
   V      = Verb ;
       -- = {s : VerbForm => Str ; s1 : Str} ;
-  VP     = {s  : SForm => Str ; s2 : Bool => Str ; 
+  VP     = {s  : SForm => Str ; 
             s3 : SForm => Gender => Number => Person => Str} ;
   VPI    = {s  : VIForm => Gender => Number => Person => Str} ;
   V2     = TransVerb ; 

lib/resource/scandinavian/RulesScand.gf

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ lin
   ImperMany = imperUtterance plural ;
 
   AdvCl = advClause ;
-  AdvVP = advVerbPhrase ;
+----  AdvVP = advVerbPhrase ;
   AdvPhr = advSentence ;
   AdCPhr = advSentence ;
 

lib/resource/scandinavian/SyntaxScand.gf

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 interface SyntaxScand = TypesScand ** open Prelude, (CO = Coordination) in {
 
-flags optimize=share ;
+flags optimize=parametrize ;
 
 --2 Common Nouns
 --
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ oper
   useVerb : Verb -> (Gender => Number => Person => Str) -> VerbGroup = \verb,arg -> 
     let aer = verbSForm verb Act in {
       s  = \\sf => (aer sf).fin ;
-      s2 = negation ; 
+      --* s2 = negation ; 
       s3 = \\sf,g,n,p => (aer sf).inf ++ arg ! g ! n ! p
       } ;
 
@@ -553,27 +553,28 @@ oper
 
   VerbGroup  : Type = {
     s  : SForm => Str ; 
-    s2 : Bool => Str ; 
+    --* s2 : Bool => Str ; 
     s3 : SForm => Gender => Number => Person => Str
     } ;
 
-  predVerbGroup : Bool -> Anteriority -> VerbGroup -> VerbPhrase = \b,a,vg -> 
+  predVerbGroup : Bool -> {s : Str ; a : Anteriority} -> VerbGroup -> VerbPhrase = \b,ant,vg -> 
     let 
        vgs  = vg.s ;
-       vgs3 = vg.s3 
+       vgs3 = vg.s3 ;
+       a = ant.a ;
     in
    {s = table {
           VIInfinit => \\g,n,p => 
-            vg.s ! VInfinit a ++ vg.s2 ! b ++ vg.s3 ! VInfinit a ! g ! n ! p ;
+            vg.s ! VInfinit a ++ ant.s ++ negation ! b ++ vg.s3 ! VInfinit a ! g ! n ! p ;
           VIImperat bo =>  \\g,n,p => 
-            vg.s ! VImperat ++ vg.s2 ! bo ++ vg.s3 ! VImperat ! g ! n ! p
+            vg.s ! VImperat ++ ant.s ++ negation ! bo ++ vg.s3 ! VImperat ! g ! n ! p
           } ---- bo shadows b
     } ;
 
   predVerbGroupI : Bool -> {s : Str ; a : Anteriority} -> VerbGroup -> VerbPhrase = 
     \b,ant,vg -> 
-    let vp = predVerbGroup b ant.a vg in
-    {s = \\i,g,n,p => ant.s ++ vp.s ! i ! g ! n ! p
+    let vp = predVerbGroup b ant vg in
+    {s = \\i,g,n,p => vp.s ! i ! g ! n ! p
     } ;
 
 
@@ -589,7 +590,8 @@ oper
   predVerb0 : Verb -> Clause = \regna -> 
     predVerbGroupClause npDet (predVerb regna) ;
 
-  progressiveVerbPhrase : VerbGroup  -> VerbGroup ;
+  progressiveVerbPhrase : VerbPhrase  -> VerbGroup ;
+
   progressiveClause     : NounPhrase -> VerbPhrase -> Clause ;
 
 -- Verb phrases can also be formed from adjectives ("är snäll"),
@@ -662,7 +664,7 @@ oper
   passVerb : Verb -> VerbGroup = \se ->
     let ses = verbSForm se Pass in {
       s  = \\sf => (ses sf).fin ;
-      s2 = negation ; 
+      --* s2 = negation ; 
       s3 = \\sf,g,n,_ => (ses sf).inf ++ se.s1
       } ;
 
@@ -736,7 +738,7 @@ oper
     {
   --- this unfortunately generates  VP#2 ::= VP#2
      s  = spelar.s ; 
-     s2 = \\b => ofta.s ++ spelar.s2 ! b ;
+     --* s2 = \\b => ofta.s ++ spelar.s2 ! b ; ----* the essential use of s2
      s3 = \\sf,g,n,p => spelar.s3 ! sf ! g ! n ! p
     } ;
 
@@ -816,7 +818,7 @@ oper
       o    = osf.o ; 
       ser  = serdiginte.s ! t ;
       dig  = serdiginte.s3 ! t ! Jag.g ! Jag.n ! Jag.p ;
-      inte = serdiginte.s2 ! b
+      inte = negation ! b --* serdiginte.s2 ! b
     } in
     case o of {
        Main => jag ++ ser ++ inte ++ dig ;  
@@ -996,9 +998,9 @@ oper
   RelClause : Type = {s : Bool => SForm => GenNum => Person => Str} ;
   RelSent   : Type = {s :                  GenNum => Person => Str} ;
 
-  relVerbGroup : RelPron -> VerbGroup -> RelClause = \som,sover ->
+  relVerbPhrase : RelPron -> VerbGroup -> RelClause = \som,sover ->
     {s = \\b,sf,gn,p => 
-       som.s ! RNom ! gn ++ sover.s2 ! b ++ sover.s ! sf ++  
+       som.s ! RNom ! gn ++ negation ! b ++ sover.s ! sf ++  
        sover.s3 ! sf ! mkGenderRel som.g (genGN gn) ! numGN gn ! p
     } ;
 

lib/resource/scandinavian/VerbphraseScand.gf

@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 --# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude
 
-incomplete concrete VerbphraseScand of Verbphrase = CategoriesScand ** 
-  open Prelude, SyntaxScand in {
-
 --1 The Top-Level English Resource Grammar: Combination Rules
 --
 -- Aarne Ranta 2002 -- 2003
@@ -22,8 +19,8 @@ incomplete concrete VerbphraseScand of Verbphrase = CategoriesScand **
 -- one has to know how the syntactic categories are
 -- implemented. The parameter types are defined in $TypesEng.gf$.
 
-concrete VerbphraseEng of Verbphrase = CategoriesEng ** 
-  open Prelude, SyntaxEng in {
+incomplete concrete VerbphraseScand of Verbphrase = CategoriesScand ** 
+  open Prelude, SyntaxScand in {
 
   lin
   UseV  = predVerb ;
@@ -48,16 +45,18 @@ concrete VerbphraseEng of Verbphrase = CategoriesEng **
   PredAV = complVerbAdj ;
   PredObjA2V = complVerbAdj2 True ;
 
+  PredProgVP = progressiveVerbPhrase ;
+
 -- Use VPs
 
   PredVP = predVerbGroupClause ;
   RelVP = relVerbPhrase ;
   IntVP = intVerbPhrase ;
 
-  PosVP tp = predVerbGroup True tp.a ;
-  NegVP tp = predVerbGroup False tp.a ;
+  PosVP tp = predVerbGroup True tp ;
+  NegVP tp = predVerbGroup False tp ;
 
-  AdvVP = adVerbPhrase ;
+----  AdvVP = adVerbPhrase ;
   SubjVP = subjunctVerbPhrase ;
 
-}
+}

lib/resource/swedish/ClauseSwe.gf

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 --# -path=.:../scandinavian:../abstract:../../prelude
 
 concrete ClauseSwe of Clause = CategoriesSwe **
-  ClauseScand with (SyntaxScand=SyntaxSwe) ;
+  ClauseI with (Rules=RulesSwe), (Verbphrase=VerbphraseSwe) ;
+----  ClauseScand with (SyntaxScand=SyntaxSwe) ;

lib/resource/swedish/SyntaxSwe.gf

@@ -115,11 +115,10 @@ instance SyntaxSwe of SyntaxScand = TypesSwe **
     _ => "sig"
     } ;
 
-  progressiveVerbPhrase : VerbGroup -> VerbGroup = \verb ->
+  progressiveVerbPhrase : VerbPhrase -> VerbGroup =
     complVerbVerb 
       (mkVerb "hålla" "håller" "håll"  "höll" "hållit" "hållen" ** 
-         {isAux = False}) ----  ;{s3 = ["på att"]})
-      (predVerbGroup True Simul verb) ;  
+         {isAux = False}) ;
 
   progressiveClause : NounPhrase -> VerbPhrase -> Clause = \np,vp ->
     predVerbGroupClause np
@@ -131,6 +130,7 @@ instance SyntaxSwe of SyntaxScand = TypesSwe **
   strPrep : ComplPrep -> Str = \p -> case p of {
     CPnoPrep => [] ;
     CPav => "av" ;
+----    CPmed => "med" ;
     CPför => "för" ;
     CPi => "i" ;
     CPom => "om" ;